Transient Stability Improvement of TANA BELES Hydro Power System

Using UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller)

Million Alemayehu1, Department of Electrical Engineering, mila742326@gmail.com

Dr. R. Srinu Naik2 , Department of Electrical Engineering, naiknaiknaik@gmail.com

In an AC power system, the electrical generation and load

ABSTRACT
must balance at all times up to some extent. Occurrence of
Achieving a stable operation is critical a power system issue in
the operation of the power system. Various control devices, fault may lead to instability in a system.[6]
FACTS devise are used to compensate AC power disturbance
and improve stability. UPFC can provide control for In this paper, the control effect of UPFC has been studied
transmission line parameters such as voltage, line impedance using an Ethiopia TANA BELES power system. The main
and phase angle. It is able to control the active and reactive
power and bus voltage on the transmission line quickly. It can portion of the works of the Beles Multipurpose Project is
adjust the power flow of power system with flexibility; keep
frequency constant on the side of the transmission line. By located underground.
comparing with and out UPFC it improves power system’s Tana Beles power generation unit with its transmission line
stability.
feeding Deber Markos town has been Simulated and UPFC has
In this paper, the control effects of with and without UPFC have
been studied using an Ethiopian power system Tana Beles power been introduced the performance of UPFC is compared with
generation with its transmission line feeding Markos town. The
conventional PI controller.[7]
result shows that with and without UPFC performance, during
fault and stabilize the power system dynamics at a lower settling The main function of the UPFC is to control the flow of real
time.
and reactive power by injection of a voltage in series with the
Keyword: Flexible Alternating Current Transmission
(FACTS), proportional integral (PI) unified power flow transmission line. Both the magnitude and the phase angle of
the voltage can be varied independently. Real and reactive
Controller (UPFC).
power flow control can allow for power flow in prescribed
I. INTRODUCTION routes, loading of transmission lines closer to their thermal
The Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant is a run-of-the- limits and can be utilized for improving transient. The
river hydroelectric power plant in Ethiopia near Lake Tana. schematic of the UPFC is shown in Figure 1
The power plant receives water from the lake through
Occurrence of fault may lead to instability in a system or the
the Tana-Beles interbasin transfer and after utilizing it to
machine fall out of synchronism. Transient stability analysis
produce electricity, the water is then discharged into the Beles
requires very fast computation and decision making; this
River the plant has an installed capacity of 460 MW . The
requires a review of traditional methods and the creation of
Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant receives water from Lake
new concepts that emphasize a more efficient method.[3] .
Tana where it is transferred to a power station and then
discharged through another tunnel and into the Beles River [1]

The modern electric power system is facing many challenges

due to day to day increasing complexity in their operation
and structure. Demand of electrical power is continuously
rising at a very high rate due to rapid industrial development.
 performance of the UPFC with different control strategies.
The power 133MVA, 400kV synchronous generator
connected to an infinite bus through a transmission line and a
transformer stepping up the voltage to 400kV.

Figure 1.a Schematic diagram of UPFC

FACTS devices are used to Compensating AC power
disturbance improve stability Control and increased secure
loading of existing transmission circuits. One of the FACTS
devices is the UPFC can control the transmission real power,
at its series-connected output end, while independently
providing reactive power support to the transmission line at its Figure: using power word power flow five bus systems
shunt connected input end. Furthermore, the UPFC can
The generators have Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
independently control real and reactive power flow along the
controlling its terminal voltage. The purpose for the use of
transmission line at its output end, while providing reactive
UPFC is to improve transient stability of the system. The
power support to the transmission line at its input end. That it
UPFC is placed between bus 2 and bus 3 on the transmission
is possible to independently control real and reactive power
line as shown in Figure 2. The UPFC is designed to control the
flow at the UPFC input circuit by regulating the DC-link
power (real and reactive) through line as well as the voltage at
capacitor voltage and varying both the phase angle and the
bus 3 using a PWM power controller
modulation index of the input inverter. The DC-link capacitor
voltage (Vdc) is unregulated. [8]
BUS1 Infinite bus
Bahir dar Deber Markos
The study is concerned with power system transient stability
Z1 Z2
improvement by with and without UPFC controller. It is not a
design of the power system elements rather it is control of
power system transient stability compensating mechanism.
Studying the power system and proposing a way of improving
UPFC
the power system stability and to show the application of an
Figure 2. Single-machine infinite bus systems with UPFC
intelligent controller for the compensation .
UPFC model and control strategies
Power System Stability
The model of UPFC was derived with the aim of being able to
Power System stability may be defined as the property of
study the relations between the electrical transmission system
power system to remain in a state of operating equilibrium
and UPFC in steady-state conditions. The basic scheme of this
under normal operating conditions and regain an acceptable
model is shown in Figure 3. This figure represents a single-
state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance
line diagram of a simple transmission line with impedance,
Power System Model with UPFC UPFC, sending-end voltage source and receiving-end voltage
A simple power system is chosen and studied in the MATLAB
/ SIMULINK environment in order to evaluate the
source. According to Figure 4, the power flow and the line dp2 (−Vm2p )V3 V d(Vm2q )
dt
= KX12
−X2 × dt
12
flow are calculated by the following expressions.
dQ2 ∂Q2 dδ ∂Q2 d(Vm2q )
V2
= × + × 𝑎𝑛𝑑
V3 Vm2 Z4 V4 dt ∂δ dt ∂Vm2q dt
V1 jX12
~ P-se
Z3 +
dQ2 (−Vm2q )V3 V2 d(Vm2q )
= − ×
Ise dt KX12 X12 dt
To-Bus
From-Bus Ise

- jXt1

~V m1

Figure 3. Model of UPFC

V3
jxt2I

V1
δ V m1 Vm2p
Ɵ
V2 Vm2q
ɸ

UPFC perating area

I

Figure 5 Model of PI controllers

Figure 4. Vector diagram of a UPFC connected to a network

𝑃𝑠ℎ + 𝑃𝑠𝑒 = 𝑜 (i.e. Loss neglected)

𝑃𝐿 = 𝑉2 (𝑉𝑚2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃2 − 𝛼2 ) − 𝑉1 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃2 − 𝜃1 ))/𝑋12

𝑄𝐿 = −𝑉2 (𝑉2 − 𝑉1 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃2 − 𝜃1 ) + 𝑉𝑚2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃2 − 𝛼2 ))/𝑋12

𝑉𝑚2𝑝 = 𝑉2 𝑦(𝑡)𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑉𝑚2𝑞 = 𝑉2 𝛽(𝑡)

𝛽(𝑡) And γ (t) are the control variables. The following

equations are deduced from
𝑉2 + 𝑉𝑚2𝑞 + 𝑋12 𝐼𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜑 = 𝑉3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛿 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑚2𝑝 + 𝑋12 𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 =
𝑉3 sin 𝛿

V2 V3 V2 Vm2p
P2= X12
sinδ − X12
𝑎𝑛𝑑

V 2 V3 V2 Vm2q V2
Figure 6 Model of without UPFC controller
2
Q2 = cosδ − −
X12 X12 X12

The partial derivatives of 𝑃2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒬2 are calculated as (18)

and (19) respectively:

dp2 ∂δ2 dδ ∂p2 d(Vm2p )

= × + × 𝑎𝑛𝑑
dt ∂δ dt ∂Vm2p dt
 Active power Vs Time
1500
with-outupfc
withupfc

1000

500

Active power
400
300

100
0

-500

-1000
1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Time (sec)

Figure 8 Active Power With and without UPFC Applying

Three phase fault

Reactive power[pu] Vs Time

200

Figure 7. Model of with UPFC controller 150

with-outupfc
withupfc

100

50

SIMULATION RESULT AND DISCUSSION 0

-50

-100

The system is connected in loop configuration and simulations

Reactive Power
-200

are performed under 3∅ line to ground fault as shown in the -300

model. The Simulations are carried out in power world and -400

mat lab Simulink environment. Establishing simulation model

-600
1 2.5 4 5.5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13 14.5 16 17.5 19 20
of, with ad without UPFC. In order to verify the ability of Time (sec)

UPFC to control the power flow and maintain the node voltage
amplitude, the simulation and analysis are as follows.The Figure 9 Reactive Power With and without UPFC
MATLAB simulation result of the power system is shown in Applying Three phase fault
the figure given below. The fault occurred case 1 during the
Voltage Vs Time
period between 0 to 0.26 sec, pre fault condition Case 2: 1.25
with-outupfc
withupfc

0.26≪ t ≪ 1.25 During Fault condition, case 3: 1.15≪ t ≪ 1.2

2.15 Post Fault condition and Case 4: t > 2.26 the system is 1.15
Voltage mag

restored. The enhancement of transient stability of the system 1.1

by the use of unified power flow controller is studied by the 1.05

comparison simulation results on figure 8 to 10 and table 1 and 1

2 by MATLAB simulation. 0.95

0.9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Time (sec)

Figure 10 Voltage mag with and without

UPFC Applying Three phase fault
 Table 1 Comparison simulation results

With UPFC With UPFC

P Q V P Q V

50 -27 0.96 125 -31 0.98

Settling 5 5.5 5.8 1.5 1.9 1.75
time

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