PREDISPOSING FACTORS

ETIOLOGY PRECIPITATING FACTORS

Age Infection with HPV 16, 18, or 31.
Family history of cervical cancer
Invasion of the basal cell of the squamous
epithelium or immature metaplastic
squamous cells of the cervix
Metastasis to other body parts
Integration of viral DNA
Increased growth of the tumor
Low socioeconomic status
Having multiple sexual partners
Having sexual partners who have had previous partners with
cervical cancer
Sex with uncircumcised men
Parity of three or more
Early childbearing
Nutritional deficiencies
Overweight status
Prolonged use of oral contraceptives
Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
Having HIV/AIDS and other causes of immune deficiency
Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero

p53 and pRB tumor suppressor genes

are blocked/deactivated Tumor fills the entire cervix Barrel-
shaped
cervix
Hypermetabolic
Increased pressure to
activity of cell
the surrounding Mutation and cell proliferation Tissue necrosis and sloughing
proliferation and
tissues, nerves, and
increased tumor
bladder
growth needs

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

(CIN)/Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Fistula
Hemorrhage Infection
(SIL)/Carcinoma in situ formation

Anorexia Pelvic, Dysuria

/Extreme back, and and pain
emancipa leg pain after Invasive cancer
tion coitus
Urine and
feces leakage Malodorous
into the discharge
Lymph invasion vagina

Lymph nodes enlargement Abnormal

bleeding after
coitus or
menopause,
Hydrone Rectal bleeding,
phrosis Venous and Ureteral obstruction Anemia
and leg
edema