Fauna of

New Zealand
Ko te Aitanga Pepeke
o Aotearoa
Klimaszewski, J.; Watt, J. C. 1997: Coleoptera: family-group review
and keys to identification. Fauna of New Zealand 37, 199 pp.
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1
Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 1997

No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or bγ any means
(graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval
systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher.

Cataloguing in publication
KLIMASZEWSKI, J. (Jan), 1950—
Coleoptera: family-group review and keys to identification /
J. Klimaszewski and J.C. Watt with illustrations by D.W. Helmore.
— Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 1997.
(Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111-5383 ; no. 37).
ISBN 0-478-09312-8
I. Watt, J.C. Π. Title IlI. Series
UDC 595.76(931)

Prepared for publication by the series editor using computer-based text processing, Iayout, scanning, and
printing at Landcare Research, Mt AIbert Research Centre, Private Bag 92170, AuckIand, New ZeaIand

Māori text by Pacific International Translations Ltd, AuckIand

Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, LincoIn, Canterbury, N.Z.

Printed by GP Print Ltd, Wellington

Front cover: Huhu beetle, Prionoplus reticularis (Illustrator: D.W. Helmore).

PubIication of the Fauna of New Zealand series i s supported by the Foundation for Research, Science and
TechnoIogy under contract nos C09308 and C09617.
POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKAPOTONGA ΜΑ TE MAREA

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 W
ITHOUT TAXONOMY TO G
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AND SYSTEMAT
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,
THE HOUSE OF B
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— R
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.Nature347: Ι2
9-1
30

DED
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—J
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 ABS
TRAC
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The82b eetlef am i
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CHECK
LIS
TOFFAM
IL
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Thech e ckl
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low sm a
inlyth eclas
sif
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rfami
lySTAPHYL INOIDEA
propos edbyL awren ce &N ewton(1995 ).Numb e
rsin [7
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tima tedtotalso fgene raandspec ies [9
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curren
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amilyLeiod
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speciesa rebasedo np ubl
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low ay1982
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inida e 1 90 >936 >85 26
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l.Micros
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lyLucanidae 7 2 6 3 29
SuborderADEPHAGA Pag
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IDEA
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5 >426 >19 21
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1 1
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-9-
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6
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6
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6
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8
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—
10—
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LesleyA lexand er— isw arm lya cknow ledg ed.W ea lso (Vict oriaU niversit y
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trat
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l uenceh as ago D rC row sonv isited N ewZ e aland ,andin spir ed
greatlyimp rovedthein troduc to rysec tion sandthe Cha r
l e s
' sin t eres tinth ef am ilyc l as sifica tiono fou r
referen ces
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l ef am ily
Frenc hreferen cesa ndt heirtra nslatio ns.T hef riendlystaff classifi cation .Ch ar
l es
' sm anu scr iptl in eark eytoth e
ofo urC entreL i bra
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provid edk ey stoid entificationfo rf am i
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t,w h oo nl ear ni ngo fC h arle s
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t os om ati dae
theM tA lbertR es ea
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t ar ek n ow no nl yfr omN ewZ ealan da ndM a
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inginb ird s
'
1996.Th eroleo fh e
lperhasb eentakenupbyCh arl
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's n ests
,i sk n ow nf romA ustr alia,N ewZ e aland
,a ndC hil e
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forthi
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andw i
thim pairedvisualacuity. A ustralia
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t hAm eric a(T hay er1 98 5
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This work wa ssuppo r
tedbytheFounda t
ionfo r er ntem perateS tap hyl
i noid eaf romf amili e
sH y drae ni d ae
,
Resear
ch,S cienceandT echno logyund ercontra c
tno s Ptili
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C09308andC09617 . ec ial
lyOm al
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la nda reas—N ewZ e a
l a
n d,A u s
tral
i a
,S outhA frica,a n d/or
S outhAm erica;f ord etai
l ss e eN ewt on( 19 85
).I nc o ntr ast
,
IN
TRODUC
TION th esm a
ll,a rch aicf am ilyAgy rtida e
,w ithfo ssilr e co rds
fr omt hem idJ urassic(N ew to n1 991a),isd is
trib u
t edi nt he
Beet
lesa rethela
r g
esto rderofo rgan
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isingo ver
Hol arcticr egio ne xce ptf ortw os pecieso ccur
rin gi nN ew
350000d e
s c
ribedsp eciesinth ewo rldfauna.Th eya re
Ze alan d
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l arly,t hest ap h y
linidS tylog ymn usas u b a nt
-
cl
a s
sif
ie dinsom e2 30 00g enera(Endrödy-Y o
unga1 985)
.
ar c
tic ai sk now no n
l yfr omt h eA uc k
l andI s
lan ds,w it hits
Lawrenc e&B ri
tton( 1994)e st
im a
tedt h
attherearem ore
closes trelative se xclusiv e
l yH o
larctic.
specieso fbeet
lesth anth e
r earev a
scularplant
so rfung i
,
Thefac torsre spon sib lefo rthecompo sitionand
and90t imesa sm anya sm amm alsp ec
ies.Foracom -
div e
rsit yoft hep re sent-da yN ewZ eala ndb eet
lef a un aa r e
:
prehensived ef
ini
tiono fb eetlesseeL awrence &B ritton
(1 )th eGondw an ao rigino fsom eo fou rbio ta;(2 )t he
(1994).
estim ate d8 0m i
llio ny earso fg eogra phici so
la
ti ono fN ew
Thefirstcolle
cti
o nsofN ewZ e
alandbeetle
sw erem ade
Ze aland ,wh i chr e sultedinsom e90%end em isma tth e
byJo s
ephB anksandD an
i e
lSo landerduringCook 'sfirs
t
sp ecificl evelandah ighl ev elofg enericend em ism ;(3 )
voyagein1769 ,andth efirstspecie
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ib edby
ch angi ngc lim ate,c ha ngin gs h ore
lin es(O ligoce neb ottl e
-
Fabric
iu s(1775 )
.W att(1979b ,1982 a)andR am say &
ne ck)
,p rog en
i es,gl aciat
i on,a ndv olcanica ct
ivit y
;a n d( 4)
Singh(1 982)
,am ongstothers,providebiographi
c a
ln otes
th eab sen ceo fm amm al sando the ran im al
sandp l an ts
aboutthee a
rlyc o
llec
t orsan ddescr
ibersofb e
etl
es,an dthe
whi chh a ved om inat ede cos ystem se lsew hereint h ew orl d.
developm entofe n
tom ol o
g yi nNewZ ea
lan d
.
Th ef aun ah a
sb e eng r eatlyin f
lu en cedinth el ast1000
ye arsb yh um a ns,w hob ro u ghtd evastatio nton ativef or es
t
O
rig
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ff
ini
tie
s
andin trodu cedexo tican im a
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iv ein flu en ce
Th eex actoriginofN ewZ ealandb e etlesise ssential
ly (e. g
.,d e e
r,r a
t s,p oss um,g o a
t).
unknown ,bu ttherea reind icationsth a
ta tl eastsom e Co ntem p o
ra ryN ewZ e ala ndb eetlesa reac om p ositeo f
be etle
sh add evelopedonanan c
ientl andm asso fcon - an cient,v ariou slyc ha nge dl inea ges
,e lem en
tsi ntro d uc ed
tin ent
alo r
iginwh ichb ecam ein creasinglyiso l
ateds ince byd i sp e
rs alov e
rsho rtandlongd istan ces(e.g.,g roup s
th elateM e
sozoic(D augh ertye ta.1
l 993).F orex am p
le, disp ersedp assiv elyov erw atera sar esultofth est rong
th eN ewZ ealandjacob soniidb e
etleS aphoph agu sm in- westerl yw indsa ndc ur
r entsa r oundt he4 0
t hparallel),a n d
utusi sc ons
ideredb yCrow so n( 1959
)t ob ear e
li
ctc oe v
al sp eci esin tent ion allyanda cc
id en tal
lyin t
rodu c edby
withth etuata
ra(S phenod on
). hum an s
.I ns up porto ft heh y pothesisth atatleasts om eo f
Craw & W a
tt(1987 )r eportedth ef i
rstN ewZ ealand ourb eetlesareo fa ncie n
to r
i ginist hee xtr ao
rdin ar
il yh i gh
Cret a
ce ou
sb ee
tlefossi
l,a ninc om p
letee lytron,identi
fied lev elo fend em i sma tth esp ecificl ev el
,w iths ev e ra
l
asb e
lon g
ingtoam embero fP oly ph
ag a,eithe
rab u p
restid end em ict r
ib es,som eend em icsub fam ilies
,and m any
orach rysom e
lid.Ku sch el(1987b )d escr
ib edsub fossil end em icg ene ra(W att1982 a).S ev era
lf ami
li esu su ally
fragm ents1680y earsoldo fap resum ablyex t
in ctfern- sm al
le lsewh e rea rer ep r es entedin N ewZ e alandby
we evil
,Tymbop iptusv a
l eas
,f romn earT eKu i
ti,No rth div ers eend em icfo rm s( e.g.,By rrhid a e
,Co lyd iid a e
,
Isla nd
.F orarecentrev
i ewo ft heg eo
l ogicalc on
texto fthe Hyd ra enid ae,M eland ry id a e
,P tili
id ae,S c
irtid ae,and
evo lutiono fthe NewZea landb io ta,see Coope r& Scydm aenid a e)
.Th en ativ ee lem entinou rf aun ai s
Mil
l ener(1993)
. asso ciatedp r
im arilyw i
thth elow l andfo res
twh i chh as
Insom egroupsp resen t
-d ayd is
tributionp a
tternsa re prev ailedth roughou t mo sto fN ewZ eal and
'sg eolog i c a
l
sugg e
stiveofaGondw an ao rp re
-Gondw an aorigin,for history(Ku sch e
l1990 )
,a lp in eh abitats,tu s
so ckg r a ss-

-12
-
lands, and the subantarctic islands. Introduced species are
mostly associated with man-induced habitats (Kuschel
1990).
Composition of the New Zealand beetle fauna
At least 5223 native and 356 adventive species of beetles
have been recognised in New Zealand, belonging to some
1100 genera in 82 families (estimates based on currently
recognised species housed in the New Zealand Arthropod
Collection and various museums: Watt 1976, 1982a,
Klimaszewski et a l.1996). The actual number of New
Zealand beetle species, including undescribed ones, is
probably much higher. By comparison the vascular plant
flora includes about 2500 species, and the terrestrial
vertebrate fauna about 350 species (Watt 1976). Watt
(1976) estimated at 20 000 the number of described and
undescribed species of terrestrial (including freshwater)
Arthropoda probably occurring in New Zealand. The
numbers are estimates, but nevertheless show that beetles
constitute a significant proportion of New Zealand's total
insect fauna.
The New Zealand beetles belong to two suborders,
Adephaga and Polyphaga. The suborders Archostemata
and Myxophaga, although present in Australia, do not
have representatives in our fauna. Of the 82 New Zealand
families, four—Archeocrypticidae, Gyrinidae, Lycidae,
and Trogidae—have only adventive species present.
Eleven families are represented by more than 100 des-
cribed species. They are here listed in descending order,
with approximate numbers in parentheses: Curculionidae
(1542), Staphylinidae including former Pselaphidae
(1021), Carabidae (445), Scydmaenidae (202), Colydiidae
(196), Cerambycidae (188), Chrysomelidae (153), Scar-
abaeidae (144), Elateridae (135), Tenebrionidae (159),
and Scirtidae (125). The numbers of Curculionidae,
Staphylinidae, and Carabidae in relation to the total num-
ber of beetle species in New Zealand are similar to the
proportions in Australia and in the temperate Holarctic.
However, the Colydiidae in New Zealand are particularly
diversified, being better represented than elsewhere. Some
smaller families, e.g., Byrrhidae, Cleridae, Hydraenidae,
Corticariidae (=Lathridiidae), Leiodidae, Melandryidae,
and Trogossitidae, are also well represented in New Zea-
land. There is one endemic New Zealand family, Chalco-
dryidae, and a few endemic subfamilies—Horelophinae
(Hydrophilidae), Euderinae (Bostrichidae), Agapythinae
(Phloeostichidae), and Cyclaxyrinae (Phalacridae). In
comparison, there are approximately 20 000 described
beetle species in Australia (total beetle fauna estimated at
30 000) in 117 families; the largest are Curculionidae
(6000), Scarabaeidae (3000), Chrysomelidae (3000),
Carabidae (2500), Staphylinidae including Pselaphinae
(2500), Cerambycidae (1500), and Tenebrionidae (1200)
(data from Lawrence & Britton 1994 and Klimaszewski et
al. 1996).
—13—
The most comprehensive survey ever conducted on
New Zealand beetles is that of Kuschel (1990), in the
suburb of Lynfield, Auckland, in which 982 species are
listed (the total number from the survey area, including
some collected after the survey was published, reaches
1000 — G. Kuschel, pers. comm.). Of these, 753 are en-
demic and 229 adventive, and they belong to 65 families.
Of the 753 indigenous species, approximately 10 are
restricted to beaches or intertidal wrack and 2 others to
beaches and open field situations. The great majority were
associated with native bush. Sixty-eight species, con-
stituting 9% of the 744 native non-littoral species in the
survey, were found in open environments but their sub-
sistence in these environments and their endemic status
were uncertain. Kuschel (1990) presented interesting
observations on the ecological flexibility of indigenous
(native) and foreign (introduced/ adventive) species. Of
the 982 Lynfield beetles, 55 belong to 16 genera with both
native and foreign species. Of these 55 species, 22 natives
were found only in the native bush, and all 33 foreign
species occurred in home gardens and fields, but 14 of
these occurred also in the native bush environment.
Kuschel (1990) believes that the beetle population of
Lynfield represents about 8-8.5% of the total (described
and undescribed) New Zealand beetles—some 10 000 to
10 500 species. The conclusions of the Lynfield study
relate to all our beetles, which are predominantly forest-
inhabiting species and show little interest in man-induced
environments.
Ground-breaking investigations on the composition of
beetle faunas in native forests and in degraded habitats,
and of beetles as indicators of habitat degradation, are
being conducted by entomologists of the Forest Research
Institute in Rotorua (Hutcheson & Hosking 1994; Hutch-
eson 1990, 1996; Hutcheson & Kimberley, submitted).
Conservation status
The majority of New Zealand's beetle species are as-
sociated with native forest, a habitat which has been
drastically reduced by human activities over the past
millennium. Native forest now constitutes only 23% of the
total land area. The `shrinking' forest has profoundly
reduced the population size of many native species and
their potential for long-term survival. Almost certainly
many species have vanished before being documented,
and this process is probably continuing. Our beetles are
also vulnerable to introduced organisms because they have
evolved in isolation, and their defence mechanisms are
often ineffective against the new arrivals (e.g., comp-
etition for food with introduced wasps, predation by
mammals, depletion of food sources by weed competition
with native plants).
The major threats to biodiversity are fragmentation and
degradation of ecosystems due to inappropriate use of land
(e.g., deforestation) and water, invasion by exotic plants
andan im als(R am say1978 )
,non -susta
inableuseo f Th ec ap su led o rsallyc o nsist so fv erte x,f ro ns
,a ndc ly-
spec
ies,a ndclimati
cc h
a ng
es( g
lobalw a
rming
,etc
.)
.C on
- peu s(F ig.1 ,6 );an terio randpo st e
rio rt en torialp its,th e
sequentlypopu la
tionsassoc
iatedwithsm a
ll
,fragmented fo rm er(o ftenc alledju stt en to rialp it s)lo cat eda tth e
andd egradedcommun itie
sa rep a
rt
i cu
lar
lyvulne
rab le
, b or dero fth ec ly peu sa ndt h ef ro ns;a ndv e ntra
ll yt heg ula,
andar einn eedo fconserva
tion.Th efol
lowingci
tation g en ae,s ubm ent um ,a ndm e ntum .T h eh e adi su s uallyp ro-
from Ku sche l(1990 )reflectsthe mo s
timpo rtant g nat hou s
,i .e.,w it hm outh p ar
t sf acin gf orw ard(F ig.1 ,8 ),
conc
lu s
ionf romh i
sstudyo fth eb ee
tlefaunaofth e bu tm ayb ehypogn a
thou sw ithmou thp artsf a c
ingdown -
Auck
l andsu burbofL yn
field
. w ard(F ig .9 ,10 ).In m anyCu rcu liono id e ath ef ron sand
v ert exar ep r o
l on ge da nteri orlyt of ormar ostrum(F ig.6 ,
Much o fthena tivefores tfaunaissma ll,crypti
c,
7).
elusive;and manyspe c
ies we rera reforas tar
tin
Comp ounde yesa r eu su allyw e
lld ev elop ed,ex cep tin
NewZea land ,befo rethea rr
ivalo fthePolynesians
som esp e c
i esliv inginp erm an en td arkn es s(e.g.,ind e ep
and ,later
,theEu ropeans .Theya renowonthe way
s oilo ri nc a ves).T he ym a yb ec o arselyo rf inelyf a cet ed.
tosu reext
inc t
ionun lesstheind igenousvege tat
ion,
Th eya r ev ariab l eins iz eandsh ap e(F ig .8 -12 )
,and
whichcon tainsthespe c
ialhab i
ta tsthataresov ita
l
som et
im es( e
.g.,Gy rinid a e
,T eneb rion id a e
)e achey ei s
toth eirsurvival
,isp rese
rv ed.Asth issurveyd emon-
p artial
lyo rc om pletelyd ivi de di ntotw ob yal o be(F ig.1 1)
strated,eventh erelat
ive
lysma l
lbu shpa t
ch estha
ts o
c a
ll edac ant hus(N ic hols1 98 9),o cularc ant hus,o rg e nal
farhavees capeddes t
ruction maycon infaunaso
ta f
c ant hus(W att1 9 88).
un susp e
ctedrichne ssandd iversi
ty.
T hem outhp a rts (F i g
.4 )a r eal abr um ,tw om andi ble s
,
Examp l e
so fsm al
landi solatedb e etlepopu lat
ion sare tw om axilla ee ac hc om pr
i sin gal acinia,ag alea,m a x
ill ary
anund e
s cr
ibedP laisuss
t p e
ci esknownon lyf romG reat p a
lp s
,g lo ssa e
,andp araglo s sae,andal ab iumw ithl ab ial
Islandinth eTh reeK ing sg roup ,Geodo rcusi thaginis p alp s(F ig.5 ).Th eg lo ssa eandp arag lo ss aea reu su ally
fromS t
a ckHinth e Mokoh in auIsl and s,andS tylogym- fu s edtofo rmam edi anligu la.V ariation sinth et erm in al
nusasuban tarc
tica,occurringex clu siv e
lyonth eAu ck- s egm en to fth em ax i
ll aryp a
lp(F ig.13 -16 )h av ed ia-
landI sl
and s.Th efirs
tisth eon lyr ep r esent a
tiv eofthe g no st
icv aluef ors om eg ro ups.
familyC ucu
jidaeinN ewZ ea
l and,a ndt h
el astist heo n
ly T hean tenn aea reu s ually1 1-s egm e nte d,w itht heb a sal
survivinggymnu s
ines taphy linid( seep .12 )inthe s egm ent,o rs ca pe,a rtic u
l ate dt ot heh ea da ndt h es ec on d
SouthernH emisphere
. s egm ent,o rp e dic e
l,c onn ecti ngt h es ca pew itht her esto f
TheD epartmentofCon serv at
ionh asp rov idedal i
stof t hea n
te n na,c alle dt hefl ag ellum(F ig.1 ,6 ).T h elastf ew
threa
te n
e ds pe
ciesforN ewZ ealand(M ol
lo yeta .1
l 994
)— s egm en
t sm a yb esw olle n
,f orm i ngam oreo rle ssc om p act
seeApp endix1 .Th ereare26n a
tiv einv ertebrat es
,in- clu b.T h em aina nte nn a
lt y pesa re:
clud
in gb ee
tles
,inc a
te go
ryA( h
i ghestp riori
t ythre a
tened f
ilifo rm —t hes imp lestfo rm ,w ithcy lind ric als egm ents
species)
,52inc ategoryB ,and20ing roupC .Th etota
l w h
ic ha ren earl yu nifo rmi ns ha pe(F i g.1 7,1 8);
numb ero fthreatenedinv ertebratesr epres entle ssthan mon ili
form — w ithround ,s im il ars egm en ts,r esemb linga
0
. 1%o fthet axo
n omicgroupsi nc a
te gori e
sA—C(M o
lloy str
i n go fb ea ds(F i g.1 9);
eta .1
l 994 ).Ex ampleso fN ewZ eal andb eetleso fin- ser rate —w ithon es id eo fe a chs egm en ts ligh tlyp ro -
dete
rm inateconserva
tionstatust ha
ta rer a
rei nc ol
l ect
ions trudi ng,a ndf orm i ngas erieso fp ointsl iket h ete et hof
areBroun iathora c
ica (C helon ar
iid ae),Lenax m irandus as aw(F i g
.2 0,2 1);
(M onotomidae)
,a ndspeci
eso fMicrosilpha ( St aphylin
idae
) pectina te —w ithon es ideo fe a chs egm en tp ro trud ing ,
andHo lophus (H
re ydrophi
lid ae)
. form i ngas er
i eso fl o ng,s har pp oi n
t sli ket h etee tho f
acomb(F ig.22 )( ifbo ths id e so fe a chs egm enta r e
prolo ng ed,t h ea nte nnai sc alle db ipe ctina te);
p
lum ose —s im ilart ot heb i pe ct
i n a
t ea nte n na,b utw i
t ht h e
MORPHO
LOGYANDB
IOLOGY proje c
ti onso nb o
t hsi de so fe a chs e gm entsl en dera nd
flexi b
l e
,l iket hev aneso faf e a
t her;
Thebas
icmo rpho
log
icalst
ructure
sofb ee
tlesref
erredto cla vate —w ithap icals egm ent'sen larg edin toac lub -lik e
inthi
scon t
ribut
ionareshowninF ig.1-3, whicha re ex pansi on,e i
t herw ea ka ndg rad ualo ra brupta ndb al
l -
in
tendedtob esel
f-e
xplana
tory.W ewil
l,how eve
r,brie
fly like(F ig.23 -29 );
cha
rac
teri
s ethemajo
rm orpho
l o
gica
lfea
turesoftheb e
et
le cap itate( at ypeo fc la vatea nte nn a) —w i
t ha p
ic a
ls egm e nts
body.R eadersarealsorecomm endedtocon sultthe abru ptlye nlar gedi nt oab a
ll -
li kec lu b(F ig.2 3,1 87);
Gl
ossa
ry(p.9 1)forde
fini
tio
nso fm o
rpholog
i c
alte
rm s. lame llate —w ithc lubs egm en tsh avingf lat
,l e a
f-lik e
proje c
ti onso no nes idew hic hu su allyc an(F i g.3 1)o r
Head (F
ig.4
-33
).Th
ehe
adcon
sis
tso
fas
cle
rot
isedc
ap- som etim esc anno t(F ig.30 )b eb rough tc lo selyto -
su
le
,m out
hpar
ts
,twocompo u
ndeye
sandsome
timesone gether;
o
rtwoo ce
ll
i(e
.g.
,St
aphyl
inidae-Oma
li
ina
e,Derodon
- f
lab el
late —w ithl o n g
,t hinl at eralp r oce ssesl ik eal t
er nat e
t
idae
),andapai
rofant
ennae. foldso faf an(F ig,3 2,3 3);

-14
-
gen
icu
late–w
itht
hes
eco
nds
egm
ent(
ped
ice
l)a
tt
ach
eda
t Wings (Fig
.4 6-51
).T hef
irs
tp a
irofw i
n gsarescle
r o
tised
anang
letoth
ef i
rst(
scape)
,andeachfol
lowingseg
- tofo rmtwoe lyt
ra,w h
ichu sual
lycomp le
telycov erthe
men
tinl
inewiththepedi
cel(F
ig.28,140-143
). abd omen(Fig
.1)o rw h
ichm a ybereduced,ex po
singm ost
oftheabdom en,asinth emajori
tyo fStaphylin
idae( e
.g.
,
Tho rax(F ig.1 -3,34 -45 ,52 -56 ).Th etho raxcon sistso f Fig.132-138)
.Th esecondp airofw ingsar ethem em-
th r eep arts— protho rax,m esotho r ax,and m et a
thor ax— branousfly
ingw ings(Fig.46,47 )
,wh icharesom etim e
s
e ac hb e ar
i n gap airo fl egsl atero ventr ally.T hem esothorax sm a
llore v
ena b
sent,andarec once
aledb ytheelyt
raw h
en
and m etatho raxa r ejoin edtog eth ertofo rmth ep tero- notinu se
.Ford etai
lsonv en at
ionandevo lu t
iono fthe
t h ora x
,a n de a chb earsap ai
ro fw i ngsd orsol atera
ll y
. h
i ndwingsinC oleopt
era(Fig.48-51)seeK uk a
lová-Peck
Ea chtho r aci cs egm enti sm ad eo ffou rs c
l erites
,w i
th &L awrence(1993)
.
th eirbo rd ersd efin edbysu ture s.Th etopmo s
t(do rsal
)
s clerite ist hen otum ,t hetw ol a
t e
r als cleritesa ret hepl eura
, Legs(Fig.1,57-87).Thebe e
tlelegconsi
stso
facoxa
a ndt heb o
tt omo ne( ve nt
r al)ist hes ter num .A n yo n
eo ft he (usua
llywithtrochan
tin
),atrochant
er,afemu,at
r ib
ia,
tho r aci cs cl eritesi sn am edbyadd ingth eapp rop riate andata .T
rsus h
ecox aofea
chl egart
icula
teswiththe
pr efix:h en c ep rono tum ,p ropl euron /-p leur a
,p rosternum , thor axa ttwopo in t
s:th etro ch ant
in,wh ichi sth eon ly
m es o no
t um ,m es ople uro n
/ -pleura,m es ostern um ,etc.T he extern a
llyvisib l
eex ten s
iono fth eint
ern a
lp leuron(F ig.
pr om ine n
tp arto ft h eb eetlet hora xi st hep r on otum,w hich 57)
,andth epl euron,wh ichi ss ep a
ratedfromth et roch -
i sv ar
i ablysh ap edandi so ftenr e ferr edtoa sth eprono tal ant
inbyam emb r ane.Th etro chanterisa r
ticu
l a
tedtoth e
dis c(F i g.1 ). coxa(F ig.58 -66 )
.Itsjun ction w i
thth efemu rm ayb e
InAd eph ag a( alsoA rcho st em ataand Myxoph ag a,not str
aigh t(Fig.61 )o rslight
lyob lique(Fig.60 )
,bu tsom e-
r ep res ent edinN ewZ e a
l and )th ep rono tumi sex tend ed t
im esi sstronglyo blique
,a sinF i g
.5 8an d59(e.g.,inm o s
t
a ndd efle xe dv e ntral
l yo ne ithers id e
,f orm ingt heprono tal Teneb rionoide a,Bo thriderid ae),soth attherei sd irect
ep ipleu ron( Fi g.2,3 4,3 5).T hep ro n otale pipl euronm eets contac tbe tweenthefemu randcoxa(he terome roid
thela te ralpa rto fthep leu ron(p rop leu ron ),w hichi s troch anter)
.E acht a
rsusi sd ivid edinto1 -5s egm ents
visi blee xter nallya ndf orm sp arto ft het horaci cw all
.T he (ta
rs om ere
so rt a
rsites
),a ndth elastsegm entus ua
ll yb ears
pl eu ron(p rop l euron )i ss ep aratedf romth ep ronotalep i
- twoc law s(Fig .67 -82),r a
relyon e.Th et ar
s a
lfo rmu la
pleu ronb yth eno top leu ralsu tu re,a n dfr omt hesternum ref
erst ot h
en um b eroftarsa
ls e gm en
tso neachp ai
ro f legs.
byth ep leu ros te rna lsu tu re.I tm ayb ed ivid edintotwo
s clerite s
,anan terio rp roep isternumw hichfo rm sp arto f Abdomen (F
ig.2
,3,88
-92
).Theabdomencon
sis
ts
th ew all,andapo sterio rp roep ime ron ,w hi ch m ayb e apparentl yof1 0se gm ent
si nt hem alea nd9i nth efem ale
,
ex t end edto m eetth est ernumandc lo ses(p a
rtiallyo r eachf orm ingac om pleteorp artialring.T he9 ths egm e ntis
comp let ely )th ecox alc avitiesf romb ehind .Th et ro ch- modi
fie d,f o
rm i ngth ege n
ita
ls egm e n
t,a ndi nt hem a
l et he
an ini
t sasm alls clerites e parated( orn ot)f romt hep leuron 10ths egm entisu suallym uc hr edu cedo rf usedt os egm ent
b yam em br an ea n dc o nne ctedb yt hea r
tic u
l a
ti ngc ond y
le 9.Eac ha bdom i na
ls egm en
ti sc om pos edo ff ours cl
e r
it es
:
wit ht hec ox a(F ig.5 7). ad o
rs alt e
r gumo rt e
r g
ite
,tw op le u
rao rpl euri
tes( o neo n
InPo lyph ag ath ed eflex edl at eralpo rtiono fth ep ro- ei
thersi de),a ndav ent
ralstern umo rsternite.Ar espi
r atory
n otumi sc alle dt hehypome ron ,a n di sa ttach e ddirectlyto spiracleop en ingon toe achp leu roni sth eap ertur eo fa
t hel a
te ralp ortio no ft hes tern umb ec auset h ep leuro nh as trachea.T hes pirac
l esareu su a
llyl ocate di npl euralm em -
b ecom er edu c ed,fu sedw ithth etro ch antin,andh idd en brane
,b utins om eS car
a baeoideaa ndS ta phylinoid eat hey
in tern ally(endop leu ron )( Fig.3 ,3 6,3 7).T h eh ypom eron mayb el ocate do nter g
ites
.
iss ep ar a
t edf romth es ternumbyth eno toste rnalsu ture; Thev isiblep ar
to fthea bd om enc onsis
tso ff iveo rm ore
theno top leu ra lsu tu rei sab sen ta sacon s equ en ceo f scl
erotis edst erni
tes( c
alledven trites)( Fig.2 ,3).T h efi r
st
r edu c
tionandin tern ali
s ationo fth ep l euron.Th ean ter
io r ste
rni
t e isa bsent,orr ep
r e
sent edb yasm al
ls cleri
ten e art he
p ortio no ft h es tern umv ariesam o ngP olyp hag a. meta
c ox ae;t hes eco ndscle
ritem ayb eh id denb e h
i ndt h e
Theno t ao fth em eso tho raxandth em et athoraxa re edgeo fth ee lytra
,andi svi sibleon lyinl a
t e
r a
lv i
ew .In
div id edin toth rees c
l erites:th escu tum ,s cu te
llum ,a nd refe
rringtoth efirststerni
tew em eanth ef irstv entri
t eo r
pos tno tum .T h em eso scut el
lum ,u su allyc all edju stth e thefirstv isibl esterni
te.InAd eph ag ath efirstv entritei s
s cut el
l um ,i sv i s
i b
l ea tt heb as eo ft hee ly
tr a(F ig.1 )
.T he com p
l etelyd i v
i dedb ythela rgea ndp rom ine n
tm eta co xae
v entr alp arto fth ep t erotho raxcon sistso ftwos ternaand (Fig.88 ,89 ),bu tinth ePo lyph agai tisund ivid edand
th ep leu ra(ep isternaa ndep ime ra )( Fig.2 ,3 ).Th ec oxa
l cont
inuou sf roms idetos id e(Fίg .90 ).Th efirstv en tri
te
c av itiesa r ebound edan teriorlyandpo st erio r
lybyth e mayb earap airo fstraightor cu rvedfemo rallinesb ehi nd
st ernumandl aterallybyth epleu rals clerites.T hem eso- orbetw e ent hem e
ta coxae(e. g
.,i nC oc c
i nell
i dae)(Fi g.9 2,
c ox alc a vi
ti esm ayb ec on sidereda sl at er
ally` open'w hen a).Th eabdom inalv entrite sa ree ith er mov ab leand
p artlyen clo s edbyp leu rale lem en ts(F ig.42 ,44 )and separate dfrome a
c hoth e
rb ya ni nterse gm entalm em br ane
l ater a
ll y` clos ed'w he ncl ose db yt hes t ernaa lo ne(F ig.4 3
, (Fig.91 )
,o rsomeo fthema reconna te,l a ckingan
4 5). inte
rs egm entalm emb ranebu tw ithth esu tures t
illv isible

– 1
5 –
Tab
le1P r
im a
ryfeed
ing modeo
fsomeb
eet
lef
ami
lie
s Pup a ea rep artlyen clo sedbyth el arv alsk ininsu rf ace -
andsub
famil
ies(
adul
tsandla
rva
e). fe edin gb eetle s,o rp upati ono ccursw it hint hef oo dpla nto r
inc e
ll sinth eso il.Som esp e c
iesm ak eco coon s,wh ichin
Predator
s ce r
tainexo ti ca l eo ch arin es taphy lin id sa recon s
tru ct ed
Cantha
ridae,C arab
ida e
,Cleridae,Coccine
llidae
,Co ly- fr oms ilk(A sh e1 98 2)
.
d
iidae,Cucujidae,Lycidae
,St aphy
lin
idae,Trogoss
it
id a
e Col eop ter al arv a eh av eaw el
ld ev elop edandu su a
lly
Phytophages scl e
ro tisedh e ad,th reetho r acics egm ents,andcommon ly
Apion
inae
,C hrysom e
lidae
,C u
r cu
lion
idae
,N em o
nychidae
, tenabdom in als egm ent s( rar e
lye igh to rn in e).Th efi rst
Ni
tidu
lidae
,S carabae
id a
e tho ra cics egm en ti ss ligh tlyen l arg edand mo reh eav ily
s clero tised ,abdom in als egm en t9u su al
lyh a sp air ed
Scavengerso rf ung
iv o
res pro ce sse sc alledu rogomph ,a
i ndth e10 thabdom in al
Anobi
idae
,A nth
ribi
dae,C ha
lco d
ryida
e,Ciid
ae,C o
rt
icari
- segm enti ssm al
landsom et
im e
sb ear spygopods .B eetle
idae,Cryptophagidae
,D ermestidae
,Luc an
idae
,P t
il
iidae
, l arva eu su al
lyh av e mou thp a
rtsad ap tedfo rb it
ingand
Pt
ininae
,T enebrion
idae ch ew ing,a sinth eadu lts,andh av eu su allyf romth re eto
sixs imp leey es,c alledoce l
lio rs temma ta(L awr en ce
1991 ).Th el a rv albodyv ari e
salo tbu ti su suallycy lin -
(e.g.
,Bupr e
stidae
).O cca
siona
llythesutur
eb etweenthe drical,andi se ith erl e gles sorw ithapp arentapp end ag e s
.
fi
r s
ttwovisib
l esegmen
tsm ayb epa
rt
ial
lyo b
li
tera
ted.T h
e Ma nyl arv aew hichb or ei ntop lan
tt is su ela ckl egs( e
. g
.,i n
lasttergi
teo ftheabdom en whenexpo sedform sthe Cu rculioni dae).A lt ho ughb eetlelar v aea r em o
r phol ogically
pygid
ium.T her ep
roduc
tiveorgansareusua
llyconcealed ver yd i v
e rse,t heirm od eo fl ifeh asl e dt ot hed e velo pm e nt
wi
thinthetipofabdom en. ofaf ewd is tin ctiv el arv altyp e s;fo rd etai
l sandi llu s-
Th
einte
r n
alg en
ita
lstru
cture
s,alth
oughv er
yim por
tant tr a
tio nss eeL aw r enc e&B ritton( 1 9 94).
fordist
inguishingspec
ies,arecomp l
exanda renotd i
s- The ma in mo rpho log ica lca tego rie so fla rvaea re
cussedh e
r e
;r eader
sm aycon sul
tL awrence &B r
itton eru ci
fo rm ,s ca rabae ifo rm ,apodous ,a ndcampode ifo rm
(1 99
4). (F ig.97 -100 ).E ru cifo rml arvaea r ecy lind r
i calo rsom e-
wh atfl at
t en ed,w ithsho rtl eg sandw ithe ithersho r
tu ro-
gomph io rnon e
.Th eya rel essactiv eth anc ampod eifo rm
B
iol
ogy la rvae.M an ys pe cieso fC hr ysom eli daea ndT ene b
ri onid ae
Adultsu su allya r em orec on spicuousth anlar vaeando c cur hav eth istyp eo fl arv a.S car abaeifo rml a
rv aea red istin c-
vir
tu al
lyi nallt erres
trialh abi
tats
;t heym ayb en octu
r nalo r tiv ebyth eirrobu st,C -sh ap edbodyandIongl eg s
.Th ey
diurn a
l,and m ayo rm ayno to c
cu rinth es am eh abi
tata s oc curi nt hes oilo rr ot
t enw o od
,a nda rec haracteristicf or
theirl arv a e
.Ku sch e
l(1990 )d iscu s
sedh abitattypesa n d S carab aeoid e a.Apodou sl arv aeh av er edu cedan tenn ae
theb ee
tl ef au nai nt hes ub urbofL ynf
i e
ld,A uckland.T h e a ndp al psa n dl ac kt hora cicl e g
sa n du r og om phi.T hist y pe
ran geo fh abitatn ichese veni nas u bu
r bane nvironm enti s ist y picalf orC urc ulio n
i da e.C am p od eiforml arv aeh av ea
overwh elm ing ,andin clud esfo restc anopy ,treetrunk s, pr ogn atho ush ead,l o nga n dw el
ld ev e
l o pedl egs,a ndc om -
livew oo d,s o un dd eadw o od
,d eca yedw oo d,w o od
-rotting m onlyl ong,u nise gm ente do rm u
ltis egm e ntedu ro gom phi
mou lds,g roundp lantsandfung i
,l eaflitter,compo s t
, (L aw r en ce &B ritton1994 ).Th eya r ea ctiveandu su ally
dung ,c arrion ,s treamb ank sandb eds,so i
l,b eachsand , pr edato ry. Mo stC a rabid a eandS t aphy linid aeh av eth i s
wrackinth ein tertidalzon e,pond s,etc. t ypeo flarv a.
B eet
l esf eedonav arietyo fplan tandan im alm a
t e
ri a
l, La rv aea rel es scon sp i cuou sthanadu ltsando ccu r
andp artso fliv ingp lan tsm ayb eu t
ilised( roots,stem s, usua lly w ith inthe irfoodsou rce ,e .g .,in sidet imbe r
lea ves
,a n dfl ow ers)
.S lim em oulds,fungi,al gae,deca ying (C eramby cid a e
,Bup re stid ae,Anob iid a e)
,in s
id es tem s
woo d,lea flitter,c arr
io n,d u ng
,a ndo therin sectsarefo od andl eav es(Ch ry som e l
id ae,Cu r cu lion ida e),inf ruit s
sour cesfo rv ariou sb eetles.F eeding mod e sar esumm a
r- (N itid ul
i dae)a nds ee ds(B r uchina e),i nt h esoila n d
/ orl eaf
isedinT ab le1 . litter(S t aphy linid ae,C arab id ae
,P s elaph ina e)
,inroo t so r
Fo rin fo rm ationabou tth eb io
logyo fth eCo leopterai n d ung(S car ab aeid ae),i nc a rr
i on(s om eS t aph yl
ini dae,e. g.,
gen era
l,s eeC row son(1981 )
. Aleocha ra ),o rontheg roundnea rtheba seo fp la nts.
B eet
le sa reho lome tabo lousi nse c
ts
,i.e.
,t h
e yu nde
r goa L arvaeo fC oc cin ell
i daeo c curo nf oli ag e
,w h eret heyp r ey
comp letem et amo rpho sis.Adu ltb ee
tlesl ayegg swh ich o ns oft-b odie di ns ects.M a n yb ee
tl el ar vaeo cc uru nd ert he
hatchin tola rvae ;frequen t
lythe seoccupyd if
feren t b arko flog so rinro t
t enwood( e.g .,S ilv anid a e
,Cu cu -
habit a
tsf romth eadu lts. Wh enth elarvah ascomp leted jid ae),o th er sa r ea sso ci ated w ithfung i( e.g.,C i
id ae,
feed ingandg row ingi ten te
rsa` r es
ting'st agec al
ledth e Cryp toph agid a e
,E ro tylid ae),andsom eo ccurex clusiv ely
pup a,inwh i chth ebodyo fth el arvaistr ansform edin to inb ird s'ne s ts(Cavogna thidae ). Manyla rvaea reo f
thato fanadu lt(m et
amo rpho sis)
.Th isen ab lesp a
rticular e conom i cimpo rt an ceb e cau seth eycomp e
t efo rhum an
spe ciestou sed ifferen tt rophicn iches( asl arvae)andto foodr esou r ceso rd am ag ehum anfoodp rodu cts,anda re
prev ai
linun f avou rab
l econd i
tions( aspup a e)
. th ere for er eg ard eda sp e sts,e.g.,l arv aeo fsom eD e rm -

-16
-
e
st
i d
ae,Ela
ter
idae,Scara
baei
d a
e,C h
rysomel
idae
,Curcu
lio
- connect
ingitw i
tht h
elow e
rh oop.T hela
tterisatt
ac h
e dto
n
idae,Anobiidae
,C erambycidae(seeBoothetal
.1 9
90)
. asleeve1m e
trel ongwhichcanb eti
ghtenedattheb ot
tom.
Afami
ly-leve
ltreatmentoft hela
r v
aeofN ewZ ea
land Sif
tersareusefulforcoll
ectingb ee
tlesfroma l
lk indsof
b
eetl
esb yDrJ.F.Law r
ence(CSIRO,A ust
ral
ia)
,withkey
s groundlit
ter
,rottingwood ,fungi,shored ebr
is,lichens
,
f
orthei
ridenti
fic
ation
,isant
icipa
tedtobep ub
li
shedinour mosses
,l e
af mould,andbirds'nests
.Th eb ee
tlesm ayb e
F
aun aseri
es.C ons
equent
lym ent
ionoflarva
einth
isw or
k pickedfromsif
tedm ate
ria
lp lac
edo nw hi
t eshee
tso rlarg
e
ha
sb eenkepttoam inimum. whitetrays
,o rth esi
ftedd ebr
ism ayb ep l
a c
edin toa
Ber
lesefunne
lo ro th
erseparato
r.

Ber
l e
sefunn e
l s
.Th eB e
rlesefunne
linitsvariousmod i
-
S
TUDYAND
IDEN
TIF
ICA
TIONO
FBEE
TLES fic
ation
sisuse dtosepa
rateinsec
tsf
roms i
ftedd ebr
is
.T he
Imp
orta
ntrep
osi
tor
ieso
fNewZea
lan
dbeet
leco
ll
ect
ion
s si
ftedsampl
ew i
thinse
ctsisplac
edonas cr
eenn earthetop
a
reid
ent
ifi
edinA p
pend
ix2
,wi
thcon
tac
tdet
ai
ls
. ofafunnelwh ichisclosedbyacov er.Anin candescent
bulbabovethes amp
lep roduce
sligh
ta ndheat
,d ryi
ngt h
e
li
tteranddrivingtheinsect
sdownw ard
sintoth efunnel
,
Equ
ipm
entandc
ol
lec
tin
gme
thod
s
whichendsw i
thacon ta
ineratthebottom.Th econtaine
r
Be
et
leso c
curinvi
rtua
llyallte
rre
str
ialhabit
ats
,there
fore mayb eemptyfo rca
tchingliveinse
cts,orm aycontaina
co
llec
tingthemrequiresknow l
edg eofm anydiffe
rent k
ill
i n
ga g
ent
.
te
chniques
.Themo stcommonande ffe
ctivemethodsfor
co
llec
tingb e
etle
sinv ariousenvironm entsarel
isted Fl
ightinter
ceptiont raps.Th ebasicprincipleo fsu ch
be
low .For moredetai
lsonco llect
ingand moun ting trap
sistocatchflyi
n gb e
etlesbyplac
in gas c
ree ninth e
ir
spec
im ensseeM ar
tin(1977 )
,S t
ey ska
le tal.(19 8
6), way
.T hem os
tsu cc
essfulint
ercept
iontrapstes
t edi nNew
Wa
lke
r&C rosby(19
8 8
),an dKusche
l( 1
99 0
). Zea
landarethew indowt rap,cons
ist
ingo fav e
rticalnet
wi
thatroughcont a
iningethyleneglyco
lund erne ath
,and
Hand
-co
lle
cting
.M a
in
lym ed
ium-
siz
edt o
larg
espec
imens theM a
lai
setrap
,w hichc ons
ist
sofav er
tica
ln e
ts ervingas
maybeco
lle
ctedbyhandf
romav ar
ie
t yofhab
ita
ts(e
.g
., ab a
ffl
e,endn ets
,andas lopingcanopyl eadinguptoa
fromund
erstone
s,ba
rk,r
ott
ingwood,fol
iage
,etc
.)
. col
lec
tingconta
in e
r.A t
tractant
sm ayb eusedtoin c
rease
theeffic
iencyo fthesetrap s
,of whichth erea rem any
Co
llect
ingn ets
.T herearethre
eb as
ictypesofnet
s:aeri
al va
rie
ties
.
netsforcollect
ingf lyingb ee
tles
,sw eep
ingn etsfor
sw eepingv ege
tation,andaqu a
ticn e
tsforg a
th e
ring P
i t
fal
lt raps.P i
tfalltrapsarev erysu ccessfuldevicesfor
insectsfrom water.A er
ialnetsarelightandth e mos
t col
l e
ctingg round -walkingb eetles
,o rflyingb eetlesi
fa
fragi
le.Sw eep
ingn etsare morerobust
,m adeofs t
rong bai
ti sus ed.Th eycon si
stofanop en-
topp edcont a
in e
r
ma
t er
ialw i
thr e
inforcem entaroundth em et
alringto sunkint heearth
.Ac o
v erm aybep lacedo vertheo pentop
wi
thstandbeingdraggedthroughdenseveget
ation
.W a
ter top rev entr a
inf lood ing,butop ensp a ceisr equired
(aquat
ic)net
sa r
em adeofm et
alscreen
ingorh ea
v yscr
im betweenth ecov erandth erimo fthecon tain e
r.Th etrap
wi
thac anvasbagaffixedtoam eta
lrim. mayb eo ne-
thirdfil
l edw i
the t
hyl en
eg lycolp rese
r v
ative,
andth eb ai
t( c
arrion,dung ,orasp e ci
ficin sec
tattract
ant
Beat
ingsh eet
s.Ab ea
tingsheetism adeofstrongcloth e.g
., mol asses
,b eer,fruits
,ch e e
se)m ayb esuspend ed
at
tachedtoaframeabout1m etresquare
,withtw opieces insideth etrapabov eth esu r
fac eofth egly col
.T rapped
ofl
ightw oodormeta
lcross
inge achothe
ran dfi
ttedin
toa insectsshou ldb ecoll ec
tedr egularlyfromth eg lycol
pocke
tate a
chcorne
roftheclo
t h
.T hebea
tingsheetishel
d solut
ionandp la cedin75%e thyla lcoho l/ace
tica cid
orsecuredund e
rash rubort ree
,andth eb ranchesor mix
ture.
fol
iagearebea
tenwithasti
ck.S pe
cimenswillfal
lo n
tothe
sheet
,andc anberemov edusingfingers
,fo r
ceps,oran L
igh ttrap s.Ane ffect
ivew aytoco llectno c
turn a
lf lying
asp
ira
tor.(Aninv
ert
edum bre
llacanalsose
rvea sab ea
tin
g be e
tle
si stousea r
ti
fi c
ia
llightasa na t
tract
a n
ta n
dc a pture
shee
t.
) th ebeetl e
saroundth elight.A m ercury-vapou rl amp ,
fluorescentblacklight,oro the
rl amp shighinu ltrav iole
t
Si
fter
s.Sift
ersarecon t
ainersmad eo fc lo
th,wood ,or wav e
leng thsu sual
lyg iv eex ce
llentr esults.Th el ight
pl
ast
icwithaw i
re-m e
shb ot
tomser v
inga st
hes i
fte
r.The so u
rcem aybeplaceda gains
tav ert
icallyhu ngw hi
tes heet
,
si
zeofm eshusedd ependsonthes i
z eo fthespecimen
s withabo ttomsh ee
tsp readonth eg roundund erneathfo r
sough
t.Them os
tc omm onm ode
lo fsi
fteru sedinE u
rop
e fall
ingb ee
tle
s. Mor esophis
ticatedlighttrapscon sisto fa
andNorthAm e
ric
aism adeoftwoh oopso fm e
t a
labout3
0 fu nne
lw ithak i
ll
ingc ontainer
,a ndas uspend edlightw i
th
cmind i
am e
ter
,e achprovidedwithah andle
.Th elower ve r
ticalrigids cr
e en mo stoften m ad eoft ransp ar ent
hoopbear
saw ir
e-m e
shs c
reenweldedt oitsedge.Thetop plast
ic.Th eflyingin sectsapp roa chthel ight,h itth e
hoopisat
tachedtoac anvascyl
ind erabou t30cmlong screen,a ndarec o
llectedint h
ekill
i ngc on
t a
iner.

—
11
77
-
-—
-
Aspirator. An aspirator is a simple suction apparatus for
picking up insects. The most common model consists of a
vial of glass or transparent plastic with a close-fitting
rubber stopper. Two rubber or plastic tubes pass through
the stopper. One is attached to a rubber tube through which
suction is created (by mouth, or with a rubber bulb) while
the other end is filtered. The second tube extends approx-
imately 10 centimetres from the stopper, and sucks the
insects in. This device acts as a miniature vacuum cleaner,
and is very useful for collecting small beetles.
Fogging. Fogging with insecticides is the most recently
developed method for collecting beetles from the tree
canopy, branches, trunks, or moss-covered surfaces. For
details, see Erwin (1983), Allison et al. (1993), and
Lawrence & Britton (1994).
Killing and relaxing. Beetles should be killed in jars with
a little ethyl acetate absorbed into a suitable material (e.g.,
coarse hardwood sawdust such as oak, or crumpled
absorbent paper) inside the killing jar. The absorbent
material acts as a barrier between the insect and the killing
agent. An alternative solution is 75% alcohol with a little
acetic acid or commercial vinegar to prevent stiffening of
the insect's muscles. Ventral structures obscured by in-
conveniently placed legs in set specimens can be exposed
by soaking the specimen for a few minutes in Barber's
fluid, or water with ammonia, to soften the joints suffici-
ently for appendages to be moved without damage.
Accessing the literature: helpful references
The literature on New Zealand beetles is extensive but
largely fragmentary. It is therefore necessary to know how
to access relevant publications. During compilation of
references for this review it became apparent that a few of
them are of outstanding general relevance. Our selection is
offered here in alphabetical order, since any attempt to
categorise in order of perceived value would be un-
realistic. However, it is fair to say that a comprehensive
recent bibliography, a general textbook or two on beetle
systematics and biology, and regional summaries both
general and faunistic must be almost indispensable. Any
electronic reference sources—CD-ROMs, Internet web-
sites, searchable databases—must be seen as a bonus at the
time of writing, though these will undoubtedly grow in
prominence.
The following publications, then, are so relevant to the
present context that we have not repeated them under the
family treatments. They should be borne in mind as a first
point of reference.
• Böving & Craighead (1931): the first comprehensive
textbook on morphology of larvae.
• Broun (1876-1923): Thomas Broun's name is appen-
ded to more species of New Zealand beetle (and, regret-
tably, synonyms) than any other author's by far. His
—18—
publications form a core of early literature, and central to
them are the seven volumes of his Manual of New Zealand
Coleoptera, published in four parts (Broun 1880, 1881,
1886, 1893b). His work is listed here in extenso, even
though it may be of only limited value to workers today.
• Chapman (1971): textbook on morphology, physiology,
and natural history of insects.
• Cooper (1979): review of fossil Coleoptera.
• Crosby & Larochelle (1994): preliminary list of Coleo-
ptera genera and families represented in the New Zealand
Arthropod Collection.
• Crowson (1955): major treatise on the natural classi-
fication of the families of Coleoptera, based on detailed
morphology of adults and larvae. Purported to reflect the
phylogeny of the Order, and gained wide acceptance.
Includes keys to superfamilies, families, and some sub-
families. A cornerstone in the classification of beetles,
variously modified in Crowson's later papers (1960, 1967,
l97la, b, 1973b). See Lawrence & Britton (1974) for
literature.
• Crowson (1981): textbook on biology of Coleoptera.
• Hudson (1934): the first and only representative cata-
logue of New Zealand beetles and their larvae, with many
colour plates. Forms a watershed between the earlier
pioneering work and subsequent studies. An essential
reference point.
• Kuschel (1990): exhaustive study of the beetle fauna of
an Auckland suburb, remarkable for identifying almost
1000 species from native bush and modified habitats.
Many habitus illustrations by Des Helmore, especially of
weevils; also tabular summaries of species data, inform-
ation on collecting methods, habitat types. A primary
source of data included in the present work, and an
essential resource for the student of New Zealand's
Coleoptera. *
• Lawrence (1982): synoptic review of beetle families
with family limits and changes to classification.
• Lawrence (1991): discussion, key, and many family
treatments of the immature stages of Coleoptera.
• Lawrence & Britton (1991, 1994): the Coleoptera chap-
ter in the primary reference book Insects ofAustralia, and
its spin-off Australian Beetles, both with much relevance
to New Zealand.
• Lawrence & Newton (1982): review of the evolution
and classification of beetles at the superfamily level.
Discusses origins and relationships, early fossils, sub-
ordinal classification, and evolution of Adephaga and
Polyphaga.
• Lawrence & Newton (1995): comprehensive current
classification of Recent Coleoptera at subfamily level and
above, with complete or selective list of genera included in
e
achg roup
.D i
scuss
esrecen
tchangestocla
ssi
fic
ation
, Wea lsodrawa t
ten t
iontoth efollow ingpub l
icat
ions
w
ithexten
siv
erefe
rencetos
tud
iespr
ovidin
ge v
idenc
ei n reviewingb ee
tle
sfr omo therzoo g
e ographicalregion
s.
supp
ortofthe
sechanges
. •AUSTRAL IA:M at
th ews(1980-9 2
),L aw rence&B r
it
-
•Mead
s(1990)
:int
roduc
tiontora
re,end
ang
ered
,and ton( 1994)
,S emm e n
se tal.(1992)
.
p
rot
ect
edinve
rte
bra
tesi
nN ewZ e
aland
. •NEW GU INEA :G re ss
itt & Ho rnab rook(1977 )
,
•N e
ave(1939
-50) eN
:th omen
cla
t o
rZool
ogi
cuswi
thi
ts Gre
s s
it
t&S z
ent
-Iva ny( 1
9 68
).
suppl
em en
tsi
sthede
fin
it
iveca
talogu
eofgenu
s-g
roup •PAC IFICISLANDS :v anD yke(1 953),N is
hi d
a( 19
94),
namesinzoo
logy
. Peck&Κ uka
lová-Pec k(19 90
).
•New(1995 )
:tex
tbookonconserva
tionbio
logyofin- •NORTHAMER ICA :B o us
quet(1 9
9 1a)
,A rnet
t(1973)
,
ve
rte
brat
es;th
efir
sttog
iveaglo
baloverv
iewofal
lm aj
or Whi
te( 1983)
.
ha
bit
ats(
terr
est
ria
l,f
res
hwat
er,mari
ne). •SOUTHAMER ICA :So li
er(1849 )
,Sh arp(1882-87),
•Nicho
ls(comp
.)(1989)
:arev
isededi
tionofth
ewell Bl
ac kwelder(1957)
.
kn
ow nandcompr
ehens
iveTo
rre
-Buenoglos
saryo
fen
to- •SOUTHERNAFR ICA :S cho
ltz&H o
lm( 19 8
5).
mo
logic
alte
rmin
ology
. •GENERAL :E vans&B ellamy( 1996)
.
•P aka
luk &Sl
ipin
ski(eds)(1995
):acoll
ect
ionofthe Im porta
ntrefe
ren ceso nbeet
lelarvaea reA rndt(1993
),
mos
tr ec
entpape
rsonbiology,phys
iology
,andcl
assi
- Boothe tal.(1990 )(p es
tsp ec
ies)
,Böv ing &C ra
ighead
fi
cati
ono fCo
leop
ter
a. (1931),Hud son(1934 )
,L aw r
en ce(1991 )(k eytofam -
•R amsay&C ros
by( 19
92):bib
liog
raphyofN ewZealan
d il
ies),L awrence &B rit
ton(1991 ,1994 ),L awrence&
entomologyupto1985,andagu idetothebibl
iograph
ic Newton(1982 ,1995 )
,L awrencee ta l.(1993 )(beet
le
da
t a
baseBUGS ,whichi
ss ea
rchabl
eo na`byfami
ly
'b as
is larvaek eyedonCD -ROM ),M ay(19 6
6,1 9 93)(la
rvaeof
[acces
sibleonappl
icat
iontotheCu rato
r,NZAC ,em ai
l Cur
c ul
io no
idae)
,Ste h
r( 199 1
).
addres
sc ro
sbyt@landcar
e.cr
i.nz];seealso Crosby &
Ramsay(1992,1994)
. Howtou
seth
isr
evi
ew
•Rams
ay &S
ingh(1982
):con
ciseguidetoen
tomo
logy Thes ectionR e viewo fF amiliesi sp resentedins yst
em at
ic
inNewZe
ala
nd,i
nclud
inganhi
stor
icalrev
iew
. seq uen ce— noti ona
ll yr e
flectin gan aturalp hy
l ogeny— of
•Shapi
ro &Por
ter(1989)
:paperrevi
ewingth
esigni- num b
er edf am ilie
s,a si ntheC he ckli
sto fT axa.G roupin g
s
f
ican
ceofgen
it
al
iainthei
nte
rpr
eta
tionofi
nse
ctevo
lut
ion fromsubo rd ertosup e rf
am ilya r eb rie
flyin t
rodu ceda sa
an
dsystem
at
ics
. fram ew or ktot h
iss ystem at
i ctre a
tm e nt
.
Unde re achf amily[numb eredinb rack e
ts,fore aseo f
•Snod
gras
s(19
3 5
):tex
tboo
konin
sec
tm o
rpho
logy
,us
e- cross-refer enc ethrou g hout
]a n ya ssistancer eceivedfr om
fu
lfo
rn am
ingofext
erna
landi
nte
rna
lst
ruc
tur
es. s
p
e
c
ia
l
i
s
tc
o
l
a
b
o
r
at
o
r
s
is
a
c
k
n
ow
l
e
d
g
e
d
.T
h
e
n
ex
t
l
i
ne
•Wa
lker &C
rosby(1988
):concise manua
lonthe iden t
ifiesth eh abitusf igur e(s)r epres ent
ingth atf am i
ly.
p
rep
ara
tio
nan
dcura
tio
nofins
ects
pe c
imens
.* Otherr elev antillustrat
i onsa ren o
tl i
ste dh e
r e
,b uta ppe a
r
int het extw h erevera p p
r opria
t e.N e xt
,t heran geofb ody
•W at
t( 195
6-92
):C h
arl
esW att
'spubl
ishedw orkisli
sted len gth—m eas uredfromt hea pic a
lm argino fthelabrumt o
hereinfull
,inviewofitsgrea
tr e
levancetoth e modern theap exo fth eabdom en— form emb erso fthef amilyi s
studyo fColeopte
rainN ewZ ea
land.H i
sP resident
i a
l given,a longw ithth et arsalfo r-mu l a
.Th isinform ation
Addre s
stothe1981con ferenceoftheEn tomolog ic
al alon ec anb eh elpfulind elim it
ingc er
t a
inf am il
i eso r
SocietyofN.Z.
,N ewZ ea
landb ee
tls (W
e attl982 a
),isa
gro upso ff am ilie
s.
valuablereviewofthefieldandap r
im arysou rceo f Subse que n
ti n
form ationf ore ac hfam ilyislis
t edu ndera
inform a
tio
nforthepre
sentw o
r k
. sequ en ceo fsubh ead s.Th ew elld e
finedf am i
liesa rea c-
•Wi
lso
n(197
1):re
viewofsoc
ia
lins
ect
sa ndt
hei
raf
fi
li
- com paniedb yar ela
ti velys hortD iagno s
isandS ynop s
is,
a
tio
nswit
hothe
rinse
cts
,in
clud
ingbee
tl
es. butt hoser epre sentedb ym ored iv e
r seform sh avereq uired
•Winte
rbourn &Gregson(1989):guidetotheaquat
ic lon gertre atm e n
ts.C h aracterstat esinb o
ldt ypec onsti
t u
te
inse
ctsofN ewZealand
,includ
ingth efiveors
ixbeet
le thep rim aryd iagno sis;th eb a
l an cea resupp lem entary.It
fami
lie
sw i
thaqua
ti
co rhyd
ro ph
ilou
sh ab
itsasad
ult
sand/ wi
llb en o
te du nderS y nopsist hatt hef amilyisr e
f e
rre dto
orl
arvae
. byth econ tra ctedfo rmo fitss cien t
ificn am e,a sforex -
am pleC ara b
id ae/c ara bid
(s).T h
isi nform alu s
a gem a yb e
preferredt oc ol
l oquialn am ess u ggestedu n de
rR emar ks.
R ang ei sr ep resent eda s`re cord ed'( s
ignifiedby® )or
*Ava
iI
abl
efromM a
naakiWhe
nuaPres
s,P .B
.O ox4
0,Lin
col
n `un re cord ed'(O )inth eth reem a
jo rande igh tm ino r
81
52,NewZeal
and
,te.(
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7,ema
il island so ri s
l andg roup scon stitutingN ewZ ealand;i tis
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andca
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llyi nA ppen d
ix4 .

-19
-
 Un derExamp le ,s
s p ec
i esr e p
res entativ eoft h ef am i
l yo r REV
IEWO
FFAM
IL
IES
c on st
itue nts u bfam iliesa rel isted.A uth o
r shipa ndy e ara re
cite d,s ot hato rigi nald e scripti on
sm ayb ep urs ue d
.F i gure SuborderADEPHAGA
n um bersg iv ea cc esst ob ot ht heh a b
it usillustratio na n dits Wehav efol
low edthecon cepto fLaw ren ce &B ri
tton
exp and edc aption(und erEx amp le so fSp eci es),wh i ch (1994)ind ef
iningthissuborder:1s
tabdom in a
lsterni
te
of fersap r ofi
l eo ft hes pecie sillustrate d
. div
idedby m etacoxae(Fig.2);abdom in a
lsterni
tes6i n
Und er Rema rk sa reg iv enanyadd ition alpo in tso f numb e
r;pyg id
i a
ld e
fen ceglandspres ent
;larv aech a
r-
in fo rm at
ionthough ttob eh elpful,in clud ingr eferen c eto act
eri
stic(fo
rd eta
il
ss eeLaw rence&B ri
tton1 994)
.T he
anyr evision sknowntob einp rog re ss,fo llow edbya gre
atm ajor
ityofsp e
ciesarep reda
cious.Th ephy logeny
s ug g e
ste dc oll oqui aln am e.S om eo ft h esen am esa rew el
l andevolutiona
ryhisto
r yoftheA dephag aisdiscussedby
est ablishedin t e
rn a
tion ally,o thersa rea ccept abl eop tion s Beu
tel(1 9
95).T heAde phagacom p
risef ourfamil
iesina
inN ewZ eal and. sin
gles up
erfamily
,al
lr epre
sentedinN ewZ ea
l a
nd.
Th em a
jo rf am ilie sa refu rnish edw ithaK eyt oth eir
s ub fam i
lie s,o rw ithr efer enc est os uc hk e y
s.
Fin ally,und erSe l ectedR eferen c esw eo fferal isto f Supe r
fam i
lyCARABO IDEA
p ublicatio nsc onsid eredl ikel yt ob em osth elpf uli nf ur
t h e
r Th
issup erfami
lyconsi
stso
ff amil
iesRhysod
idae,Car
a-
e xpl or
i ngt hef am il yu n derc onsideratio n.T hes eh aveb een bi
da e(i
n c
ludi
ngCicind
el
ina
e),D y
tisc
ida
e,andG y
rin
ida
e.
k epttoa m in imumino rd erno ttod et e
rth e mo rec asu a
l Them a
jori
tyofspecie
s,exceptfor my
cophagousRhy-
us er.Fu l
l erb ib l
iog raph i esc anb efounde ls ewh ere,a s sodidae,arepred
acious
.Rhy sod
idaeandC a
rabida
eare
i ndic a
t eda bo ve
,a lt ho ughf ors om ef am iliesv er ylit
tl eh as ter
re s
tr
ial
,D yt
isc
idaeandGyrinid
aeareaqua
tic
.
b eenpub li sh edth atm igh tb eh e
lp fulinaN ewZ eal and
c ont ex
t.
Mo rpho log i cals tru c
tu resn am edinth et exta rein tro - [1]FamilyRHYSOD
IDAE
du c edinth es e ction Mo rpho logyandB iology(p .14 ); F
i g
.101
m osta rea ls oillustr ated.AG lo s
sar y( p.9 1)d efi nesm ost
Leng
th5-10mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-5
m orp hologi calt erm s,a lo ngw it hm a nyo th ersu se di nt his
p ublicatio nt h a
tm ayb eu nf am il
iar. DIAGNOS IS.B od yn ar
rowl yelongate,sub cy
lindr
ical
Twoa ltern at
iv ed icho tomou sk ey sa rep rov idedfo r tosl
i ght
lyflat
ten ed,wide
statm iddleofe lyt
ra,glab
rous
i de n
tificatio no fN ewZ eal an dC ol eopt e
r a.T he yr epr es en
t (exceptfortact
iles e
tae)
,bla ckorex ceptiona
llyreddi
sh
slig htlydif fer entc o nce ptsi ni dentificatio n
,a n da rem ea n
t brown ,stronglyg lossy
.H eadg roov edands t
rongly
t oe n ableu s erst oc o nfirma ni d
e nt
ific at
i onb yu sin gb ot h
. constric
tedpo steriorlytofo rmana r rown eck.An t
-
Thepy ram ida l KeyI(p .97 )isd ividedin toseve ra l ennaes t
outandb eadlike(Fig.19).Prono tumw ith1-3
c om pone n
t s,a n dg r oupsf am i
li e
ss haringd istin ctf eatur es deep
,l ong
itudinalg roove.L
s egsshor
t,r obus
t;p roc
oxae
reg a rdlesso fth eirsy stem ati cr e
lation sh ips;itr epre sents glob
o se
,th e
irca v
itiesclos
ed.
th es horteri dentific a
tio nr out e,an disi nte nde df orr api do r
prelim inar yi de n
tific ation.T hel inearK e yII( p.1 06)i sn ot SYNOPS IS.Thereare6sp ec
ieso fRhy sodidaeknown
su b d
i v
i ded,a ndr epr esentss lig ht
lyt he lon geri de n
tificati on fromN ewZ ea
l a
nd,in4g enera
,o fw h
ich2a reendemic
..
ro ute.T hetw ok eyso f
t enem ployd iffe rentc h ara c
ters ets
. Adul
tsandlarvaearethoughttof eedonp lasmod
iao f
Th eya red esign edtoid en tifyth ef am ilieso fth eN ew Myxomy c
etes(J
.F.Law rence
,p e
r s
.comm .),andl ei
iv n
-
Ze a
l a n
dc o
l e optera nf au na
,a n dm a yn otb es atisfa ctoryf or si
ded e
ado rro
ttenwood.T h
eym a ybefoundu nde
rbarkor
oth erf aun as.Ch a ra c
t erswh ichr equ ired issectiono rd i s- inw oodoflog
s,stan
dingd ea
dtrun k
s,ors
t um p
sinapart
ly
mem b e
rm ento fs pe c
im ensh a veb ee na voi ded.B ot hk e ys decaye
db utnotexces
sivelyweto rdrycondit
ion.
ha veb e ent h orou ghl yteste d,b u
tm ays til
lc ontaine rr orso r Col
lect
ing:s
ift
ingleaflit
ter
,h andpick
ingf romund e
r
in con sisten cies.Inth epy r am id a
lk eysom ef am iliesw ith bark
,orcr umb
lingandsift
ingpiecesofm odera
telyro
tte
n
ch ara c
t e
rsw hic hm ig h
tb eo verloo ke d
,o ra red u biou s
,o r o
ldlogs.
whi chd iffe rb etw eenth es ex e sreapp earund erd ifferen t
Group s.Id en tific ation sd eriv edf romth ek ey sm ayb e RANGE .Nor
th®,Sou
th® ?
,Stewar
tO
ch ec keda g ainstt h ea ppr opriat eh abitusill us
trati on(s)a nd, Ke
rm ad
ecsO,Thr
eeKing
sO ,Cha
thamsO,Sn
aresO
ifd es-
ir ed,t hef am il yd iag no sis
.C r oss-re fe
r en cet ofi g ur
e Auck
landsO
,C ampb
ellO
,An t
ipodesO
,Bount
iesO
num -bersa ndf am ilyn um b ersi spr ovi dedf orc o nv enien ce.
Fo rth eb en efito fanyon eu singth i spub licationex ten - EXAMPLE
.Rhyzod
ias
tesp
rop
r s (B
iu roun
,1880
)(F
ig.
siv elyfo rid entific ation sa tth em icro scop e,w es trong ly 10
1)
.
re comm endth atyoupho to copye ith erth ek ey so rth e
i
ll ustratio ns( orb oth )
,a ndu s et hemc o njointlyf l a
to nt he REMARKS .TheRhysodid
aearesome
timest
rea
teda
s
be nc h-
t op
.S i nglec o piesf ort hisp ur pos ea ren oti nb re ac h tr
ibeRhy
sodi
niofCara
bidae
.
ofth epub lish e
r'scopy right. Sug
ges
tedco
llo
qui
alname:he
rald
icb
eet
les
.

-20
-
 SELECTED ®,
®,REFERENCES. Bell & Bounties
Bell (1978, 1979,
Antipodes
1982, 1985), Bell (1991), Beutel (1990), Emberson
(1995), Watt (1980a).
[2] Family CARABIDAE
(incl. CICINDELINAE)
[assisted by R.M. Emberson and J.F. Lawrence]
Fig. 102-107
Length 1.4-39 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS (see Fig. 1, 2). Body generally more or
less streamlined, with series of punctures of fixed
position bearing tactile setae, usually glossy and black
but in some species colourful and spotted. Head usually
flattened, prognathous, with sharp, strong mandibles
facing forwards. Antennae 11-segmented, usually fili-
form, inserted between eyes and base of mandibles
(except Cicindelinae). Eyes prominent. Thorax smooth,
with lateral margins often well defined. Elytra simple,
usually sculptured with longitudinal grooves (striae).
Legs usually strong, suited for running; protibiae with
apical antennal cleaning organ consisting of an exca-
vation lined with a comb-like setal fringe; procoxae often bidae is available. However, the group is under review by
globose, their cavities open or closed.
SYNOPSIS. The carabids, one of the largest beetle fam-
ilies in New Zealand, consist of 6 subfamilies (Lawrence
& Newton 1995) – CARABINAE, CICINDELINAE, MIGADOPINAE,
SCARITINAE, TRECHINAE, and HARPALINAE - with some 445
species in approximately 75 genera and 16 tribes.
Many carabids are unique to New Zealand, e.g., the
endemic genus Mecodema with some 60 species, mostly
large and robust in form, which apparently occupy similar
ecological niches to the northern temperate genus Cara-
bus. (Several specimens of Carabus were found in Auck-
land in the 1940s, but none is established.) Many carabids
are apterous, and often occupy restricted habitats or
geographical areas. There are interesting large species of
Megadromus, e.g., M. antarcticus, which is common on
the Canterbury Plains in the South Island. Small species of
the large genus Bembidion may commonly be found on
banks of streams, rivers, and lakes.
A dominant group of terrestrial predators, with some
known to be arboreal, mainly nocturnal but some diurnal.
Encountered in a variety of habitats ranging from forest
litter, old tree trunks, under stones, and tussock grass to
some wet habitats, including riparian and coastal areas.
Collecting: baited or unbaited pitfall traps, on the
ground and around the base of tree trunks, sifting organic
debris, and hand-picking from logs or under stones or
bark, at night with a head-light.
RANGE. North ®, South
®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs ®, ®, Three Kings
Snares
®, Chathams ®,
-21-
Aucklands ®, Campbell
EXAMPLES. CICINDELINAE - Neocicindela tuberculata
(Fabricius, 1775) (Fig. 102); CARABINAE - Maoripamborus
fairburni Brookes, 1943 (Fig. 103); MIGADOPINAE - Lox-
omerus nebrioides Guérin -Méneville, 1841 (Fig. 104);
SCARITINAE - Clivina basalis Chaudoir, 1843 (Fig. 105);
ΤRΕCΗΙΝΑΕ - Zecillenus alacris (Broun, 1821) (Fig. 106);
HARPALINAE - Ctenognathus novaezelandiae Fairmaire,
1843 (Fig. 107).
REMARKS. The most recent subfamily classifications of
Carabidae have been proposed by Erwin (1991), Beutel
(1992, 1993), Arndt (1993), and Lawrence & Newton
(1995). In older classifications the subfamily Cicindelinae
was regarded as a distinct family.
Bousquet & Larochelle (1993) proposed a classification
of Carabidae with 17 tribal divisions only, because of the
lack of consensus among authors at the subfamily and
supertribe level. Dr J.F. Lawrence has provided a key to
tribes of Carabidae in New Zealand (Appendix 3); This
may be preferred by some users over the subfamily key
below.
No comprehensive treatment of New Zealand Cara-
Dr Rowan Emberson (Lincoln University) and by Mr
André Larochelle (associate, Landcare Research, Auck-
land), among others.
Suggested colloquial name: ground beetles (Cicindelinae
– tiger beetles).
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF CARABIDAE
Modified from Lawrence & Britton (1994), following the
arrangement of Lawrence & Newton (1995). For identi-
fication of tribes, consult the key provided as Appendix 3.
1 Antennae inserted dorsally on frons; clypeus broader
than distance between antennal sockets; eyes ex-
tremely large and protruding; legs very long and
slender; protibia with 2 terminal spurs; lateral pronotal
carina absent or incomplete posteriorly
... (Fig. 102) .. CICINDELINAE
—Antennae inserted on side of head between eye and
mandibular scrobe; clypeus narrower than distance
between antennal sockets; eyes moderately large, not
or slightly protruding (exception: Scopodes species,
which have large protruding eyes); without other com-
bination of characters ... 2
2(1) Metepimeron not visible between posterior edge of
metepisternum and anterior edge of 1st ventrite;
mesocoxal cavities open laterally, partly closed by
mesepimeron ... 3
—Metepimeron visible as a lobe between metepisternum
and 1st ventrite; mesocoxal cavities usually closed
laterally by meeting of sterna ... 4
3
(2)Procox a
lcavi
tiesopenb ehind;apica
lsegm entof Al
lo urd y
ti
sci dsarea qua
ti candv eryg oodswimm e
rs.
maxi
llaryp a
lp moreorle
ssexp andedandtrun ca
te Th eyofteno ccuri nsm al
lb odiesofw a
tersucha sp onds
,
apic
ally;bodyleng
thm or
et han1 7mm butm ayb efoundins t
r e
am sandr iv e
rs,andev enund er
-
..
.(Fig.103).
.CARABINAE gro u
ndi nw at
erlo ggedc oa
rsea l
luvialgrave
ls.Th eyn o
rm-
-Procoxalc av
it
iesclosedbeh ind
;ap i
calsegm entof allyo ccurinw ellv egeta
t edw a
ter s
,wh ereadu l
t sand
maxi
llaryp a
lpslenderandfu si
form;bodyl ength larv aepr eyonsm a
lla r
thropod s.Dy tisc
idsb reatheair
usua
lly17 mmo rles
s..
.(F ig.104).
.MIGADOPINAE trapp edund erth ee lytr
a,andp eriodical
lycom etoth e
surfacetor en
ewt hei
rairsup ply
.M ostspecie
sfly,an dm a
y
4
(2)Bodyp eduncula
te,withadist
inct
,narroww a
is
to r migratetod i
fferentsites.Ofsp ecia
lin tere
stareph rea
tic
pedunc
leb e
tw eenpro
thoraxandely
tra
,thesc
ute
llum waterb eet
l e
so fth eg enera Kusche lydrusa ndPh reato
-
entirelycon tained w ithinpedunc le. .
.5 dessus,withspecieslivinginu n
dergr oundwater
s(O rd
ish
-B odynotpedun cu
la
te,orifsl
ight
lysothens
cute
llum 1 976a
,1 99 1
).
ext
endingb ehindp eduncleandforminga wedg e Col
lecting:u singanaqu at
icn etinsm a
llpond sand
be
tw ee
ne ly
tralbase
s .
..6 o
t hero penw at
er s
,o rb yli
g httrapp
i ngn e
arw at
er.S am p
-
lingth eph rea
ti c(und erground )f aunarequiressp ec
ial
5
(4)M e
socoxa
lcav
it
iesopenl
atera
lly,p
art
lyclos edby tec hn
i ques(se
e,e .g.
,O rdish1 976a,1 991)
.
mesep
imeron ..
.(Fig.105
)..SCARITINAE
-M esocoxa
lcav
it
iesclo
sedlater
allyby meet
ingo f RANGE.No
rth®,
,Sou
t
S h wart
te
st
erna ..
.(F
ig.106 .TRECHINAE(
). inp ar
t) Ke
rmade
cs®,Thr
eeK ing
sO,Chath
ams®,Sna
resO
A
uck
lan
dsO,Campb
el
lO ,An
tip
odesO,B
oun
ti
esO
6
(4)Mand
ibl
ew i
th1se
ti
ferouspun
ctur
einascrobealong
ou
teredge .
..(Fig
.106 .TRECHINAE(
). inp a
rt
) EXAMPLES .HYDROPORINAE- Kuschelyd
rusph
reat
icus
-Ma
ndib
lew i
thou
taset
ifer
ouspunc
tureinascrobe Ord
ish
,1976(F
ig.108
),L iodessuspli
catusSha
rp,1882
..
.(F
ίg.107).
.HARPALINAE (Fi
g.109
).

SELECTEDREFERENCES .Bou sque

t( 1
9 9
1b),Br
it
ton REMARKS
.Sugg
est
edco
lloqu
ialn
ame
:div
ingb
eet
les
.
(1940,1941
,1949 ,1958,1959,1960 a
,b,1962,1963,
1964),Brouer
iusv an Nidek(1965),Butche
r(1984), SELECTEDREFERENCES.O
rdish(
196
6,1
974
,19
76a
,
Gour
lay(1950)
,John s(1974),Lindro
th(1976,1980)
, b
,1989
,1991
),Sp
ang
ler(
1991
a).
Moor
e(1980)
,Pi
lgrim( 1
96 3
),Riv
alie
r(1964
),Tow n
send
(1965)
,W at
t(1961)
,W ise(1988,1990)
.
[4]Fami
lyGYR IN
IDAE
F
i g
.110

[3]Fami
ly DYTISC
IDAE Leng
th4
.3-4
.5 mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5
F
ig.108
,109 DIAGNOS IS.Bodyg lossy,boat-shaped, moder
ately
Leng
th2
.5-27 mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5 convextosl
ight
lyflat
tened
.E yesc omple
telydiv
idedint
o
uppe
randlow e
rpo r
tionsbyastripofcuticle
.Antennae
DIAGNOS IS .Bodye long ate-ov a
l,smoo th,conv ex, shor
t,comp act
,u sua
llyclubbed.M iddleandhindlegs
withdo rs a
landv entralsu rfaceso fsimilarconvex i
ty, shor
t,w ithfr
ing esofsw immingh a
irs;fore
legspro -
da rkb rown ,darko live,o rnea r
lyb lack,often w i
th nouncedandr aptoria
l,withpro coxaetransve
rse,and
ind is
tincty el
low i
shspo tsorm arg
ins.An tennaeslend e
r the
irc av
itie
sop en.
andth readlike.M and iblesstrong.S cute
llumv is
ib leor
not.P rocox aeglobo se,th e
irc avit
iesop eno rclo s
ed ; SYNOPS IS
.R epres entedbyon esp e c
ieso fGYRININAE,
protibiael ackingspin es.H indl egsenlarged, modified Gyr
inusconvexiusculus,s el
f-introduc e
dt oN ewZ ealand
fo rsw imm ing(mov ingsyn chronously),w i
thp addl e
- from Au s
tral
ia.F i
r strecord edf rom N ewZ ealanda s
lik etarsib ea
ringad ensefring eofh airs;m e
ta cox ae Gyr
inushu t
toni( 1878 )
,theo riginalspe cimenw ascol-
larg e
,l ackingp l
ates;m e
tatarsiw i
the i
ther1o r2c law s
. lec
tedb yCapt
.F .W.H u
tto
ni nt heW aikatob a
sinin1 8
73.
Som e
tim esm a
lesw ithf i
rst3b a sa
lsegm entsofpro ta
r s
i Nootherspec
im ensw ereseenu nti
lth ela
t e1970s,w hen
di
l atedtof orma dhesiv epadsc onsis
tingofs uc
tiondiscs, thespeciesw asredis cover
edinth eW aik a
tob a
sin.M r
en abl
ing m a
letoho ldf em aleduringcopu la
tion
.V en
tr a
l Kei
th W i
se(form erlyo fAu ck land Mu s eum)r e
c en
tly
bodyw ithou taflatten edk eel
. founditinthe Ah ip araareao f No rthland.Imm igrant
populationsappea rtoe stab l
i shin NewZea land
SYNOPS IS
.Dytis
cid
sa r
er ep
resent
edinN ewZ ealand sporad
ical
lybutn otw idely
.
bysome16specie
sin11g ener
ao fsubf
amil
iesCOPE - Thespeci
eso ccursi nsmallp eatylakesa ndm an-made
LAT
INAE
,HYDROPOR
INAE
,COLYMBETINAE,andDYTISCINAE
. dams.C o
lle
ct
in g
:u singa qua
ticn ets.

-22
-
RANGE. North ®, South ®?, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, CampbelI 0, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. GYRININAE - Gyrinus convexiusculus Mac-
leay, 1871 (Fig. 110).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: whirligig beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Ochs (1949), Spangler
(1991b), Wise (1989).
Suborder POLYPHAGA
Comprises the vast majority of Coleoptera-95% ac-
cording to Lawrence & Britton (1991, 1994), whose
definition we follow here: prothoracic notopleural suture
absent (Fig. 3); prothoracic pleuron fused with trochantin
and entirely concealed, forming a cryptopleuron; hind
wing without an oblongum cell, and with transverse fold
never crossing MP (Fig. 51); 1st abdominal sternite not
divided by metacoxae (Fig. 3), which are usually movable
and not fused to metasternum; aedeagus usually with a
basal piece.
Series STAPHYLINIFORMIA
Adults distinguished by reduced wing venation (except in
Hydrophilidae) and a sophisticated type of wing-folding
mechanism; larvae usually with articulated urogomphi
(Lawrence & Britton 1991, 1994).
Superfamily HYDROPHILOIDEA
Antennae short, with a long scape and a densely pubescent
3-segmented club (Fig. 26, 27); segment preceding club
(`cupule') transverse, concave, and in aquatic species used
for respiration. Hind wings with a radio-median (R-M)
loop, without a spring mechanism. Procoxae large; tibiae
dentate or spinose; tarsi 5-5-5, 5-5-4, or 5-4-4, sometimes
appearing 4-4-4 because of vestigial basal segment. Aede-
agus trilobed (with fused parameres in most Histeridae).
Larva distinct (for details see Lawrence & Britton 1991,
1994). A phylogenetic analysis of Hydrophiloidea based
on characters of the adult head and the larvae is provided
by Beutel (1994) and Hansen (1991a, b, 1995).
[5] Family HYDROPHILIDAE
Fig. 111-113
Length 2-9 mm
Tarsal formula 4-4-4 or 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body usually oval, moderately to
strongly convex, smooth and usually glossy. Antennae
short, 7-9-segmented, often concealed from above,
with a long scape and a 3-segmented, densely pubes-
-23-
cent club; segment preceding club (`cupule') glabrous
and often embracing the following segment. Maxillary
palps elongate, often longer than antennae. Legs often
dentate or spinose; procoxae large, transverse and pro-
jecting, their cavities open; metatarsi flattened and
fringed with hairs. Metasternum often extended at rear
into 4 short spines.
SYNOPSIS. Approximately 75 species of hydrophilid
are recorded in New Zealand, in some 25 genera and 3
subfamilies - HORELOPHINAE, HYDROPHILINAE, and SPHAER
IDIINAE. Horelophinae are endemic to New Zealand; the
type genus Horelophus is a very atypical hydrophilid.
There are two main groups of species, aquatic and
terrestrial; many New Zealand hydrophilids are terrestrial,
and are found in leaf litter or carrion. Larvae tend to be
aquatic or semiaquatic, but many species are known from
moist, decaying organic matter. A few species are reported
from thermal waters. Adults are usually herbivorous or
scavengers, whereas all known larvae are carnivorous and
cannibalistic.
Collecting: netting in aquatic habitats, sifting decaying
vegetable matter, or light-trapping.
RANGE. North ®,® South . Stewart ®
Kermadecs . Three
® Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares ®
Aucklands ®, Campbell O, Antipodes ®, Bounties ®
EXAMPLES. HORELOPHINAE - Horelophus walkeri Orch-
ymont, 1913 (Fig. 111); ΗYDROΡΗILΙΝΑΕ- Enochrus tritus
(Broun, 1880) (Fig. 112); SΡΗΑΕRIDΙΙΝΑE - Rygmodus
tibialis Broun, 1886 (Fig. 113).
REMARKS, New Zealand's diverse fauna of Hydro-
philidae is much in need of revision at all levels. The
Sphaeridiinae are under review by Dr M. Hansen (Zoo-
logical Museum, Copenhagen). The terrestrial forms are
probably important indicators of environmental quality.
Suggested colloquial name: water scavenger beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Hansen (1991b, 1995),
Newton (1989), Orchymont (1913), Ordish (1974,
1976b), Spangler (1991d), Todd (1961), Winterbourn
(1968, 1970), Wise (1965, 1973).
[6] Family HISTERIDAE
Fig. 114, 115
Length 1.5-10 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5 or 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body robust, disc-shaped, oval or nar-
rowly oval to nearly rectangular with rounded angles,
glabrous, moderately convex to flattened, black and
strongly glossy. Head deeply inserted. Antennae unique
in form: short and elbowed, with an abrupt, 3-
segmented club, often inserted in a cavity or hidden on
underside of prothorax. Elytra shortened and truncate,
exposing tip of abdomen (usually 2 or 3 apical segments),
with 6 or fewer striae. Procoxae large and transverse,
their cavities open; protibiae expanded, often spiny.
SYNOPSIS. There are 29 nominal New Zealand species
of histerid, of which 6 are adventive. They occupy some 13
genera, including one undescribed, in 5 subfamilies -
ABRAEINAE, SAPRININAÉ, DENDROPHILINAE, TRIBALINAE, and
HISTERINAE. Parepierus is the largest genus, containing
about one-third of the species, and Reichardtia is an
endemic New Zealand genus. Most species are widely
distributed, although histerids are infrequently encountered
in New Zealand.
Adults and larvae are almost exclusively carnivorous,
and prey on other insects, usually larvae. They may be
commonly found on carrion, decomposing plant materials,
tree wounds, seashore debris, rotting mushrooms, and
under bark in galleries of other insects. Kuschel (1990)
recorded some species in a suburban environment from
compost, lawn clippings, poultry straw, carcasses, fowl
manure, bush floor litter, and decayed wood. The smaller
species are sometimes common around seabird nests.
Collecting: hand-picking, or sifting organic material
and processing it in Berlese funnels.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. SAPRININAE - Reichardtia pedatrix (Sharp,
1876) (Fig. 114), Tomogenius latipes (Broun, 1881) (Fig.
115).
REMARKS. This family is under revision by Dr Masa-
hiro Ohara of Hokkaido University, Japan.
Suggested colloquial name: hister beetles, pill beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Dahlgren (1968, 1971,
1976), Mazur (1984), Newton (1991 c), Wenzel (1944).
Superfamily STAPHYLINOIDEA
Body shape variable, antlike in Scydmaenidae (Fig. 122),
short, stout, and wedge-shaped in Pselaphinae (Fig. 126),
ovoid in Hydraenidae (Fig. 116, 117) and Agyrtidae (Fig.
119) ovoid to nearly spherical in Ptiliidae and Leiodidae
;
(Fig. 118, 120, 121), and elongate, slender, with exposed
flexible abdomen in most Staphylinidae (e.g., Fig. 132-
138). Adults distinctive in having usually strongly
projecting coxae, metasternum almost always lacking a
median suture, legs often spinose, elytra usually truncate,
exposing at least one tergite, hind wing with reduced
venation and without a radio-medial (R—M) loop, and
aedeagus with a reduced phallobase. Larvae characteristic
— see Lawrence & Britton (1991, 1994).
—24—
[7] Family HYDRAENIDAE
Fig. 116, 117
Length 1.3-2.6 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body narrowly oval or elliptical (broad
in species of Meropathus), flattened to slightly convex,
small, with scutellum small; generally similar to Hydro-
philidae but with 6 or 7 abdominal segments as opposed
to 5. Maxillary palps elongate, usually longer than
antennae. Antennae 9-11-segmented (appearing 8-
segmented in Meropathus) and with a 2-, 3-, or usually 5-
segmented pubescent club. Legs with last tarsomere
elongate, often longer than all preceding segments com-
bined, with no distinct bisetose empodium between claws;
procoxae transverse, their cavities open or (Hydraena)
closed.
SYNOPSIS. Thirty-two species of hydraenid are recog-
nised in New Zealand, in 5 genera and 2 subfamilies -
HYDRAENINAE and OCHTHEBIINAE. Twenty-two species are
recorded from the South Island and subantarctic islands, 4
from the North Island, and 6 occur on both main islands
(Ordish 1984). This relatively rich hydraenid fauna offers
an interesting field for ecological studies.
All the genera except Meropathus live as adults and
larvae in fast-flowing streams. Meropathus species are
terrestrial in the coastal or supralittoral zone, occurring in
porous rocks, littoral moss and grasses, and seabird nests.
Adults of the aquatic genera all have one or more pairs of
legs modified (Ordish 1984, fig. 12-16) and feed on dead
leaves.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams . Snares ®
Aucklands ®, Campbell ®. Antipodes®®, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. HYDRAENINAE - Podaena latipalpis Ordish,
1984 (Fig. 116); OCHTHEBIINAE - Meropathus zelandicus
Ordish, 1984 (Fig. 117).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial names: minute moss
beetles, cascade beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Gressitt & Samuelson
(1964a), Hansen (1991a), Ordish (1984), Spangler
(1991c).
[8] Family PTILIIDAE
Fig. 118
Body length 0.6-1 mm Tarsal formula 2-2-2 or 3-3-3
DIAGNOSIS. Body minute, brown to black, broadly
elongate-oval. Antennae filamentous, bearing long
hairs and with a 2- or 3-segmented club. Elytra often
short, exposing 1 or 2 abdominal segments. Hind wings
feather-like, fringed with long hairs. Scutellum large.
Procoxae transverse or globose, their cavities open;
metacoxae variable in shape, often with large coxal plates.
Tarsi usually 2- or 3-segmented but appearing 1-segmen-
ted in some species.
SYNOPSIS. In New Zealand there are some 56 species of
ptiliid, including 8 or 9 adventive, in perhaps 13 genera
and 3 subfamilies — PTILIINAE, NANOSELLINAE, and ACRO-
TRICHINAE.
Common in decaying organic matter, where apparently
they feed on fungal spores and hyphae (Lawrence &
Britton 1991, 1994). Collected from garden compost, leaf
litter, moss mat, forest litter, decayed wood, mouldy dung,
under bark in native forests, amongst litter and tussocks,
seashore debris including decaying seaweed, and humi-
fied soil (Johnson 1982, Kuschel 1990). Adults are often
caught in flight interception traps.
RANGE. North . South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs . Three Kings ®,® Chathams ®. Snares ®
Aucklands ®, Campbell ®, Antipodes ®. Bounties O
EXAMPLE. PTILIINAE - Notoptenidium lawsoni (Mat-
thews, 1873) (Fig. 118).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: feather-winged
beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Dybas (1991), Gressitt &
Samuelson (1964a), Johnson (l975a—c, 1982).
[9] Family AGYRTIDAE
Fig. 119
Length 9-10 mm
Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body broadly oval, slightly depressed,
with sides of pronotum and elytra explanate, brown,
glabrous and glossy. Antennae 11-segmented, with a 5-
segmented pubescent club. Elytra covering entire
abdomen, with 9 or 10 striae. Hind wings well dev-
eloped. Procoxae conical, slightly transverse basally
and projecting, their cavities open. Mesotibiae and
metatibiae each with a large spur. Tarsomeres and claws
large.
SYNOPSIS. A small, archaic family with fossil records
from the mid Jurassic (Newton 1991a), comprising
approximately 8 genera in the world fauna. Most agyrtids
are Holarctic in distribution, with the exception of two
New Zealand species: ` Necrophilus' prolongatus Sharp,
and an undescribed species (Newton 1985). According to
Newton these belong in an undescribed genus, and are
erroneously placed in Necrophilus. Agyrtidae were re-
moved from family Silphidae by Lawrence & Newton
— 25
(1982), and are believed to be closely related to Leiodidae
(Newton 1985).
Species of Agyrtidae are known from forested areas,
and are common on carrion and faeces. Adults of `N'.
prolongatus occur in forested areas on carrion, e.g., dead
birds especially at a slightly mummified stage, or may be
found in soil crevices on stream banks. Some specimens
were collected from an abandoned kiwi egg in a burrow.
An effective method of collecting adults is carrion-baited
pitfall traps. Larvae may be seen in association with adults
on carrion.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. `Necrophilus' prolongatus (Fig. 119).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: carrion beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Newton (1991a).
[10] Family LEIODIDAE
[assisted by S.B. Peck and A.F. Newton, Jr]
Fig. 120, 121
Body length 0.9-4.3 mm
Tarsal formula 5-5-5, 5-5-4, or 5-4-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body broadly oval to nearly spherical,
slightly to strongly convex, or scydmaenid-like; surface
glabrous and strongly glossy or pubescent, brown to
black. Antennae with a 3-5-segmented club; when club
5-segmented then segment 8 (2nd segment of club)
usually smaller than adjoining segments (Fig. 24);
distal surface of antennal segments 7, 9, and 10 with
opening of a unique type of sensory vesicle. Elytra often
striate, and often with a longitudinally impressed line
along suture. Procoxae globose and projecting; meta-
coxae close together. Tibiae often expanded and spiny.
SYNOPSIS. According to unpublished data of G.
Kuschel, A. Newton, and S. Peck (pers. comm.) there are
some 112 species in approximately 25 currently recog-
nised genera, including 6 or 7 new genera and nearly 50
new species. Four subfamilies are represented — CAM'-
ARINAE, with some 69 species, is the largest, followed by
CHOLEVINAE (25), LEIODINAE (17), and COLONINAE (1).
Kuschel (1990) reported collecting species of Leio-
dinae in the Auckland area from bush-floor litter, amongst
ground plants, from grass mats of Oplismenus and
Microlaena, and from an agaric in the bush. He recorded
Camiarinae collected in the same area from fungi (Auri-
cularia polytricha, Ganoderma applanatum), coarse floor
litter, amongst Gahnia plants, under logs and in cracks of
stream banks, decayed wood, in Ptychomnion moss mats,
—
and rotten Pinus radiata and Knightia logs. He collected
Coloninae in bush litter, cracked stream banks, and
Malaise traps, and collected Cholevinae from carrion.
Newton (1984) reported adults and larvae of Zearagytodes
(Camiarinae) collected in numbers on bracket fungi, with
the following new host records: Z. maculifer and several
allied undescribed species on Ganoderma mastoporum,
G. applanatum, and unspecified bracket fungi, all from the
North Island. Adults and larvae were browsing on the
hymenial surface of Ganoderma. Gut contents of both
stages included spores and hyphae. Newton (1984)
provided some data for the worldwide genus Colon as
collected in flight traps and by sweeping vegetation,
especially grasses in wooded areas, and suspects that the
genus is associated with hypogeal fungi or moulds.
Species of Cholevinae, both adults and larvae, may be
found on decaying Organic matter, on which they feed:
dung, carrion, well decayed soft fungi, forest litter, nests of
vertebrates, etc. (Newton 1984).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares
Aucklands ®, Campbell ®, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. CAMIARINAE - Inocatops elongellus Broun,
1917 (Fig. 120); COLONINAE- Colon hirtale (Broun, 1880)
(Fig. 121).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: small carrion
beetles.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF LEIODIDAE
IN NEW ZEALAND [by A.F. Newton, Jr]
1 Head with an elevated crest (occipital carina) along
hind margin, resting against front of pronotum when
head in repose ... CHOLEVINAE
—Head without an elevated crest along hind margin .. 2
2(1) Antennae 11-segmented, with segment 8 as large as
segments 9 and 10, and club of 4 segments (Fig. 25);
dorsum setose ... (Fig. 121) .. COLONINAE
—Antennae usually 11-segmented, with segment 8
smaller than segments 7 and 9, and club usually of 5
segments (Fig. 24); if club 4-segmented then antennae
10-segmented and dorsum glabrous ... 3
3(2) Antennal insertions concealed in dorsal view; head
relatively flattened and broad, usually half or more as
wide as pronotum; dorsum apparently glabrous
(sometimes with many short hairs visible only at
higher magnification) ... LEIODINAE
—Antennal insertions exposed in dorsal view; head
relatively convex and narrow, usually less than half as
wide as pronotum; dorsum usually with evident long
setae (exceptions: Asphaerites, Catopsolius, Chela-
gyrtodes) ... (Fig. 120) .. CAMIARINAE
-26-
SELECTED REFERENCES. Daffner (1985), Newton
(1991b), Szymczakowski (1964, 1966, 1973).
[11] Family SCYDMAENIDAE
[assisted by G. Kuschel]
Fig. 122
Length 0.5-3.5 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body reddish brown to dark brown, usu-
ally ant-like, with a distinct `waist' constriction be-
tween prothorax and elytra. Head with a distinct neck.
Antennae long, pubescent, with a more or less distinct
3- or 4-segmented club. Pronotum ovoid or spherical,
often with basal foveae, and without carinae. Elytra
oval, covering entire abdomen, with rounded humeri;
entire dorsal surface usually glossy and with long hairs.
Maxillary palps usually enlarged, with apical segment
reduced. Legs with enlarged femora. Procoxae trans-
verse and projecting, their cavities open.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) recorded 165 nominal native
species of scydmaenid; 201 native and 1 adventive species
are now represented in NZAC, many of them undescribed.
They belong to some 11 currently recognised genera of
SCYDMAENINAE, of which 6 are endemic to New Zealand.
For classification see Franz (1975, 1977, 1980, 1985).
Kuschel (1990) recorded several species from the
Auckland area collected in leaf litter, from decayed wood
of various trees and hollow logs, moss mat, leaf mould in
tree hollows, and Malaise traps. Scydmaenids are noc-
turnal, living in concealed habitats, with some species
flying at dusk. Good collections might be obtained by
processing sifting organic litter through Berlese funnels.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. SCYDMAENINAE - Adrastia clarkei (Franz,
1985) (Fig. 122).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: stone beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Franz (1975, 1977, 1980,
1985).
[12] Family STAPHYLINIDAE
(incl. PSELAPHINAE, SCAPHIDIINAE)
[assisted by A.F. Newton and M.K. Thayer]
Fig. 123-138
Length 0.6-25 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
or heteromerous
DIAGNOS IS.Bodyb rowntob l ack,l essf requ en t
ly veget at
io n.T hem a
j ori
tyo fk n ow ns peciesa r ep redato
rs,
brightlyco lou redo rm eta
lli
c.Formv eryd iver s
e,u su a
lly feed ingonl a
rv a
eandadu ltso fo th erins e ctsin c
luding
narrow lye long at e
,app roximatelysubp ar al
lel,r arely Col
l em bo
l a
,a ndo nm itesa ndn em a
t ode s
.
short,ob long ,o rw edge -
shaped,orsho r
t,stou t
,andov a
l Sp e ci
e sofO soriinaeandOxy t e
lina efe edond ecom -
wi
t ha bdom enn o n-f
l exibl
e(P s
elaphina e
,F ig.1 26).H e
a d posingo rg anicm atter(M cCo ll1982 ,N ew ton1990 ).
oftenw ithap os
t e
ri orc ons
tr
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ion,s om et
im esw i
t ho ce
lli Som eT ac hypor
inaea ndA l eocha r
i nae(e.g.
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(Om ali
in ae
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.An t enn aew ith10o r11 feedo nm ouldsoro therf ungi
.S p e
cieso ft h ea leochar
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segm ents,fil
ifo rm ,b eadl
ike;las
t1 -4s egm en tsen larged gen usMy llaena w e
r er e
co rdedf eedingona lg a e(Klim a
-
(P selaph in ae),in c rassate
,o rclubb ed.E lytran early szew ski1992 ).L arvaeo fth ee c
top ara s
iticg enu sAleo-
alw ayssho rtandt run cate
,expo s
ingav ariablenumb er chara(A l eochar
ina e)aree xclusiv ep a
r asi
t oidso fp upar
ia
ofabdom in als egm ents,usual
ly6o r7 ,ex ception al
ly ofc ycl o
rr haphousD iptera.T hef irs
t-instarl arv as e
arches
con ceal
inga lIo r mo s
to fabdom en(M icrosilphin aeand foraho stpup a,gn aw saho leinth epup arium ,c rawls
som eOm al
ii nae,P roteininae
,S caph
ii dinae)o rlea vi
n gat insid e,se a
lsth eentranc eb ehind ,andf eed sonth epup a
le a
st2(u su ally3o r4 )t e
rgit
esexpo sed(P s el
aph in ae)
. (Klim aszew ski &C rosby1997 ;K lim aszew ski &J ansen
Procox a eu suallycon icalandstrong lyp roje ct
ing ,their 199 3)
.
cavit
i esu suallyc los ed
.Abdom enflex ibledo rsov entra
lly Th em ajorityofadu l
tp se
l aph ineso ccu rinl ea
fand
(ex ception:P selaph ina e
),w e
llsclero t
isedex cep tb asa
l woo dlitt
ero ntheforestfloor.N ew to n&C ha ndl e
r( 1989
)
tergiteo rtw o. repo rtedth ating en era
lp s
elaph in esp ec
i esc analsob e
di
sc o veredi nw e
tlan d
,gr ass
la nd,d esert,be ac h,c ave
,a nd
SYNOPS IS.S taphy linid sa reon eo fth el argestandmo s
t evena rborealhabi
tats,w hereve rd ebris
,m oss,o rr ootm a
ts
diversefam ilieso fb eetles,a so f1 987c om pr
isingw orld- maintainm icrohab
itatsofh ig hh um i d
ity.K us chel(19 90
)
wideabou t42000nom in alsp eci es(8400sp ec
ieso f col
l ectedp selaphinesinA uckla ndfr omd ec aye dw oodo n
Pselaphin ae)ins ev eralthou sandg ener a(1091g ener ain theb eachandamong stlowco ast
alv eget a
tion ,co as
tal
Pse
l aphin ae)a nd1 00t ribes(N ew t on1 9 85,1 99 0
,N ew ton li
tter,h ollowt r
e e
s,w oodm ould,s treaml ittera ndst
r e
am
&Ch andler1989 ,N ew ton &Th ay er1992 ).Hund red so f bank s
,m oss,sedges,g ra
ss es
,s oila roun dtrees tum p
s,etc
.
news peciesar ed escrib ede ver yy ea r
.W ef ol
l owN ew ton Adultsa ndl arva
eo fp sel
a phinesa rep red a
tor s,fe ed
in gon
&Th ayer(1995 )andL aw ren c e &N ew ton(1995 )in mi
tes,s pringtai
ls,an dothersm alli nver
t ebrate s
.
treat
ingth efo rm erf am ilyP s elaphid a ea sasub fam ilyo f Mo red etailsonth enatu ra
lh i storyo fN ewZ ea
land
Staph y
linidae.Ar evise dlisto fth es u b
f am il
i e
s,tr
ibes,a nd staph yli
ni dsarepro videdb yK l
im aszew skie ta l.( 1996
).
gener awit hsy non ym si spr ovi dedb yK lim aszewskie tal
. C o
ll ec
ti n
g:h and-colle
ctingw i
t hth eai dofa na spi
rator
;
(19 96)
. pi
tfallt raps,unb ai
t edo rb a
itedw i
thc arr
ion ,f aeces
,o r
InN ewZ ealandth e rea reapp rox im ately766nom in a
l ferm en t
edf ruit
s;pro cessingsi f
t edo rg aniclitterthrough
nat
iv esp eciesand85adv entiv e
,p lu s170o rmo rer ecog- Be
rle sef unnelsorW inkle
r/M oczar s
kie xtract ors;M alai
se
nisedbu tno ty etn am ed.Th enumb ero fN ewZ ealand traps,w i ndowt rap
s,a ndo therf lighti nterce pt
i ontraps
.
nat
iv estaphy linidsm ayex ce ed1000(G .Ku schel
,p ers
.
comm .)
,m akingi tafterC urc ulioni daeo urs econdlar ges
t RANGE.No
rth ®,South®,St
ew a
rt
groupo fb eetles.Ou rsp eciesa reg roup edinsom e190 Ke
rmade
cs®,Thre
eK ings®,Chatham
s®,Sna
res ®
gener aand16sub fam ilies,a sfo llow s:ALEOCHARINAE 6 1 Au
ckl
ans ®
d .Campbel
l® ,Ant
ipodes®
,Boun
tie
sΟ
gen e
r a(p rob ablyanund ere stim at e;EUAESTHETINAE 4
) ;
HABROCER INAE1 ;M ICROS ILPH INAE1 ; OMAL INAE 1
I 6
,a n d4 EXAMPLES .ΜICROSILPHINAE — M icrosi
lpha l itorea
und escrib ed;OSORIINAE 3( inc lud ingoneo fforme r Broun , 1886(F ig.123 )
;OMALIINAE — Om a
liomim us
Eleus
iina e)
;OXYTELINAE 7 ;PAEDERINAE10;PHLOEOCHARINAE albipenns(K
i i e
senw et
t er
,187 7
)(F ig.1 24)
;ΡRΟΤΕΙΝΙΝΑE
2;PIESTINAE1;PROTEININAE 4 ;PSELAPHINAE41 ,and20 n
it
i dsB
u roun ,1 895(F ig.1 25
);PSELAPHINAE—-
S
i
l
p
h
o
t
e
u
s
undes c
ribe ;PSEUDOPSINAE1;S
d CA PHIDIINA E5;STAPHYLININAE Sagolal aminataBroun,1 893(Fig.1 2 6
);ΡHLOEOCHARINAE
26;andTACHYPORINAE 3(K l
im asz ew skie ta l.1996;W at
t —P seudophlo eoch ar
isau stral
is(Fauve l,1900)(F ig.
&M cCo l
l inM cC oll1 9 82,u pd a
t ed). 127 );ΤACHYPORINAE — S ep edoph ilussp .(F ig.1 28
);
Staphy linidb eetlesa r ev erysu cc essfu landb road ly HABROCERINAE H—abro ceruscapill
ar icornis (Gravenh o
rst
,
dis
tribut ed,o ccurringina lmo sta llt erre str
ialhabit a
ts. 1806 )(Fig.129);ΑLEOCHARINΑE —h
A
l
e
o
c
h
a
r
a
m
n
d
i
Staph y
linidsm ayb ef ou ndi nd e
c om posin go rgan
icm at
ter (Klim aszewski&C rosb y
,1 99 7
) (F ig.130 )
;SCAPHIDIINAE
sucha sg ard enandfo r estlitter, mu shroom s
,birdand —`Baeo ce
ra'scutel
laris (R edtenba ch e
r,1867)(Fig.1 31
);
mamm aln ests
,d eca y
i ngs eaw e edsa ndo th eralgaeofti dal Ρ
I
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9
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.
)
P
a
r
s
i
g
o
n
u
h
d
zon es
,un comp actedso i
l,o rg anicm at
t erint reehollow s 1 32)
;OSORIINAE — Nototochusf
r errug ineus(Broun,1 893)
andb u
rrow s
,u n derb ark,i ng allerieso fo t herinsec
ts,w e
t (Fig .133)
; OXYTELINAE —C a
rpelimu ssp .(Fig.134 );
moss,c rack sonedg eso fs tre am s,sho r eso flakes,e tc. ΕUΑΕSΤΗΕΤΙΝΑΕ —A gno s
thaetusv icinus(B roun,1 921)
Som esp eciesm ayb efoundonc arrionandinan im al (Fig.13 5
);ΡSEUDOPSINAE —P seudop sisarrowiB e
rn hauer
,
d
rop
p
ing
s,a
nds
o m
eO m
al
i
ina
ehav
ebee
n b
ea
ten
from 1939(F ig.1 36
);PAEDERINAE —M edonz ee
landi cus

-27
-
(Redtenbacher, 1867) (Fig. 137); STAPHYLININAE — Cafius
litoreus Broun, 1880 (Fig. 138).
REMARKS. Staphylinids are an ancient group with fossil
records from the early Jurassic period (Newton 1990). The
New Zealand fauna of staphylinids may be characterised
by (1) the absence of several subfamilies from the native
fauna, a few of which are, however, represented by ad-
ventive species (e.g., Habrocerinae); (2) large species
radiations in Eupines, Euplectopsis, Hyperomma, Micro-
silpha, Ocalea complex, Oligota, Othius, Paratorchus,
`Quedius', Sagola, and Sepedophilus; and (3) high
endemism — approx. 43% at the generic level, even higher
at the species level (Klimaszewski et al. 1996); (4) strong
southern connections — over 20 groups or genera are
shared only with other southern temperate regions (New-
ton 1985). In general our staphylinids are poorly known;
the Aleocharinae, as everywhere, are the least known
amongst staphylinids, and consequently are in urgent need
of revision. The classification of Staphylinidae at all
levels, including family limits, is unsatisfactory and un-
stable (Newton 1990).
Suggested colloquial name: rove beetles.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF STAPHYLINIDAE
OCCURRING IN NEW ZEALAND
[Modified from Watt & McColl in McColl (1982) to
include Microsilphinae, Pselaphinae, and Scaphidiinae.]
1 Antennae distinctly clubbed (e.g., Fig. 123, 135); body
without setose foveae ... 2
—Antennae usually not distinctly clubbed; if so, body
compact and with setose foveae, and tarsi 3-segmented
(e.g., Fig. 124-134) ... 3
2(1) Antennal club with more than 2 segments; elytra
elongate, covering most of abdomen; anterior margin
of labrum not as below; body short, oval; head with
paired ocelli on vertex... (Fig. 123) .. MICROSILPHINAE
—Antennae with a 2-segmented club; elytra short, ex-
posing entire abdomen; anterior margin of labrum
minutely crenulate or denticulate; body narrow, elon-
gate; head without ocelli.. (Fig. 135) .. EUASTHIN
3(1) Body wedge-shaped, short, convex and strongly
glossy; elytra truncate posteriorly, concealing all but 1
or 2 abdominal tergites, and exposing pointed abdo-
men; legs and antennae long and slender
... (Fig. 131) .. SCAPHIDIINAE
—Body not so; elytra exposing at least 3 abdominal
tergites (exception: Silphotelus, Proteininae, Fig.
125); legs and antennae usually moderately elongate
and stout ... 4
4(2) Body compact, usually widest at abdomen or tip of
— 28
elytra, with head and pronotum narrower; setose
foveae present on head, prothorax, and other parts of
body; elytra short, closely applied to body, leaving
much of abdomen exposed; abdomen broad, not
flexible; maxillary palps often modified; antennae
often beadlike; tarsi 3-segmented
... (Fig. 126) .. PSELAPHINAE
—Body not so; setose foveae absent; elytra usually
loosely applied to body; abdomen flexible; maxillary
palps usually simple; antennae not beadlike; tarsi
usually of more than 3 segments ... 5
5(4) Abdomen without paratergites; tergites and sternites
usually fused together; body either cylindrical or
strongly flattened ... (Fig. 133) .. OSORIINAE
—Abdomen with paratergites; tergites and sternites of
abdomen not fused together; body not cylindrical .. 6
6(5) Head with paired ocelli on vertex between posterior
margins of eyes; paratergites single
... (Fig. 124) .. OMALIINAE
—Head without ocelli (sometimes with a pair of de-
pressions on vertex); paratergites usually double ... 7
7(6) Antennal insertions located between eyes and
posterior to a line drawn between anterior edges of
eyes (except in forms with reduced eyes); terminal
segment of maxillary palp usually very small and
sharp-pointed ... (Fig. 130) .. ΑLΕΟCΗARΙΝE
—Antennal insertions located anterior to a line drawn
between anterior edges of eyes, or inserted under
shelf-like dorsolateral margins of frons; terminal
segment of maxillary palp usually not as above ... 8
8(7) Body strongly depressed; antennae inserted under
widely explanate dorsolateral projections of frons,
their sockets facing ventrally; procoxae globular
... (Fig. 132) .. PIESTINAE
—Body rarely strongly depressed; antennae usually not
as above, but if inserted under dorsolateral projections
of frons then these are less prominent, and their
sockets face laterally; procoxae elongate, transverse,
or projecting ... 9
9(8) Abdomen usually strongly flattened and broad, with 7
visible sternites, excluding genital segment (exception:
Coprostygnus, with 6 obvious sternites but also with
elytral striae, which are rare in taxa keying to the
alternative, below); gular sutures confluent, or at least
partially so ... (Fig. 134) .. OXYTELINAE
—Abdomen usually less flattened and moderately broad,
with 6 visible sternites (Fig. 124, 127) excluding
genital segment; gular sutures separate ... 10
10(9) Elytra elongate, leaving no more than 5 abdominal
tergites exposed (in Silphotelus elytra almost com-
—
 pletely covering abdomen); lateral margin of frons
with a small, semicircular emargination on either side,
just in front of eye; body length usually less than 2 mm
(maximum 4 mm) ... (Fig. 125) .. PROTEININAE
-Elytra shorter, leaving at least 6 abdominal tergites
exposed; lateral margin of frons not so ... 11
11(10) Abdominal tergites except the last each with a
diagonal impressed line on either side; pronotum and
elytra longitudinally costate; tarsi short, about one-
third as long as tibiae; body length 3 mm
... (Fig. 136) .. PSEUDOPSINAE
-Abdominal tergites without such lines; pronotum and
elytra not longitudinally costate; tarsi usually more
than one-third as long as tibiae ... 12
12(11) Head with sides converging evenly posteriorly,
without a neck constriction clearly visible from above
(Fig. 127-129) ... 13
- Head constricted behind eyes to form a distinct neck,
clearly visible from above (Fig. 137, 138) ... 15
13(12) Elytra with epipleura not delimited, their sides
completely rounded off; body shape distinctive, as
figured ... (Fig. 127) .. PHLOEOCHARINAE
- Elytra with epipleura clearly delimited by a carina.. 14
14(13) Antennae stouter, expanded towards apex; head
and pronotum usually densely pubescent; body shape
distinctive, as figured ... (Fig. 128) .. TACHYPORINAE
-Antennae very slender, filiform (Fig. 18), with long
tactile setae; head and pronotum glabrous except for
some long tactile setae; body shape distinctive, as
figured ... (Fig. 129) .. HABROCERINAE
15(12) Maxillary palp with apical segment always re-
duced, less than half as long as penultimate segment;
antennal insertion obscured by a dorsolateral shelf-
like expansion of margin of frons
... (Fig. 137) .. PAEDERINAE
- Maxillary palp with apical segment variable in length,
but at least half as long as penultimate segment;
antennal insertions exposed
... (Fig. 138) .. STAPHYLININAE
SELECTED REFERENCES. Bernhauer (1939, 1941,
1943), Cameron (1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1950), Fauvel
(1900), Frank (1991), Hammond (1975), Herman (1975),
Kasule (1966, 1968, 1970), Klimaszewski (1979), Klima-
szewski & Crosby (1997), Klimaszewski et al. (1996),
Leschen & Löbl (1995), McColl (1982, 1984a, b), Newton
(1984, 1985, 1989, 1990), Newton & Chandler (1989),
Newton & Thayer (1992, 1995), Park & Pearce (1962),
Sharp (1876a, b), Steel (1949, 1950a, b, 1953, 1960, 1964,
1966, 1970), Thayer (1985), Williams (1976).
-29-
Series SCARABAEIFORMIA
Superfamily SCARABAEOIDEA
Characterised by a highly modified prothorax with large
coxae, usually dentate tibiae with a single apical spur,
lamellate antennal club (Fig. 30), no metacoxal plates, 2nd
abdominal sternite represented by a lateral portion only,
tergite 8 forming a pygidium, hind wing with reduced
venation and with a spring mechanism for folding the
wing, and larvae grub-like and usually C-shaped (Fig. 98)
(Lawrence & Britton 1991).
[13] Family LUCANIDAE
[assisted by B.A. Holloway]
Fig. 139-143
Length 6-30 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body robust, medium-sized to large,
brown to black, often with paler spots forming a pattern,
either glabrous and glossy or clothed with scales. Head
prognathous, with well developed mandibles which are
often sexually dimorphic - pronounced in males, and
bearing teeth or larger processes. Antennae distinct, 10-
segmented, usually elbowed, with a comb-like club
consisting of 3 or 4 thick, lamellate segments that
cannot be held together (Fig. 30). Pronotum usually
short. Abdomen with 5 ventrites.
SYNOPSIS. Holloway (1961, 1962, 1963b) recognised
26 species in 4 genera. There are also 3 adventive species
from Australia, each in a separate genus (Holloway 1997).
Four subfamilies are represented - AESALINAE, SYNDESINAE,
LAMPRIMINAE, and LUCANINAE.
The species are approximately evenly divided between
the North and South islands, with two endemic species
restricted to the Chatham Islands and one to the Moko-
hinau Islands (Holloway 1961). Approximately half the
species are flightless and half fully winged. The flightless
species are often allopatric, with restricted ranges in
lowland areas, whereas fully winged species tend to have
broad and overlapping ranges, though some are restricted
to montane areas (Holloway 1963a).
Hudson (1934) reported lucanids as being mainly noc-
turnal, the adults feeding on tree sap, and larvae living on
old decaying trees or their roots, and with a life cycle of
several years. Holloway (1963a) suspects that all adult
lucanids feed on sap, and are not plant-specific, the larvae
completing their development in rotten wood or soil. It is
widely accepted that the larvae feed on rotten wood or
other decomposing organic material. Ceratognathus pas-
saliformis is almost certainly myrmecophilous, found in
endemic formicine ant nests (Holloway 1962). Hudson
(1934) reported Ceratognathus gibbosus as being beaten
from shrubs in hot sunshine, from December until March.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs ®. Three Kings ®, Chathams ®,® Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. AESALINAE - Ceratognathus parrianus
(Westwood, 1863) (Fig. 139); LUCANINAE - Paralissotes
reticulatus (Westwood, 1847), male (Fig. 140), Geodorcus
auriculatus (Broun, 1903), male and female (Fig. 141,
142); LAMPRIMINAE - Dendroblax earlii (White, 1846)
(Fig. 143).
REMARKS. This family is under revision by Dr B.A.
Holloway, of Auckland.
Suggested colloquial name: stag beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Carlson (1991a), Holloway
(1960, 1961, 1962, 1963a, b, 1996, 1997).
[14] Family TROGIDAE
Fig. 144
Length 6.4-6.5 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body robust, oval, slightly subparallel,
heavily sclerotised, with dorsal surface rugose, lus-
trous, and often covered with debris. Head strongly
deflexed. Antennae 10-segmented, elbowed, with a
compact lamellate club (Fig. 31). Procoxae projecting;
mesocoxal cavities broadly closed.
SYNOPSIS. New Zealand has only a single adventive
European species of trogid. This was first found at Kumeu,
north-west of Auckland, in deep litter of poultry houses in
association with mummified rat carcasses. Other records
include Campbell's Beach near Matakana, Western Hills
near Whangarei, the Noises Islands, and Hastings.
Adults have been collected near rat carcasses, under the
hide of a long-dead cow, in dry animal remains, in wood
mould in oaks and elms, and in birds' nests (Brown 1967).
Larvae of other species are known to occur in vertical
burrows beneath carcasses (Carlson 1991b, Lawrence &
Britton 1991, 1994).
RANGE. North . South O, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Trox scaber (Linnaeus, 1767) (Fig. 144).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: carcass beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Britton (1956), Brown
(1967), Carlson (1991b), Scholtz (1982, 1986).
-30--
30-
[15j
[15] Family SCARABAEIDAE
[assisted by R.M. Emberson]
Fig. 145-152
Length 3-25 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Stout-bodied beetles, often glossy but
some dull (e.g., Saprosites, Aphodiinae), glabrous or
moderately to densely pubescent, usually brown or black
but occasionally brightly coloured (some Melolonthinae).
Either labrum or mandibles, or both, concealed from
above by clypeus. Antennae 8-10-segmented, not
elbowed; club variable, usually 3-, 4-, or 5-segmented
but not cupuliform; lamellate segments appearing as
elongate or oval lobes that can be folded together
tightly to form a compact and asymmetrical club.
Sculpture of elytra not rough. Legs strongly modified for
digging with teeth, spines, and/or bristles. Abdomen
with 6 ventrites.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) recorded approximately 132
native and 12 adventive species of scarabaeid in New
Zealand. This relatively large group of beetles represents 4
subfamilies—MELOLONTHINAE, SCARABAEINAE, DΥΝΑSΤΙΝΑE,
APHODIINAE—and some 25 genera, 13 of them endemic.
The subfamily Melolonthinae is by far the largest, with
103 valid native species in 10 genera (Given 1952, 1954,
1960 (key to genera), 1966, Watt 1984, Emerson & Barratt
1997). Species of Prodontria are all flightless, have
limited ranges, and are vulnerable to habitat modification.
The Cromwell chafer, P. lewisi, is considered to be an
endangered species, and a nature reserve has been est-
ablished near Cromwell to preserve it (Watt 1984). The
endemic manuka beetle, Pyronota festiva, is common all
over New Zealand, and was first collected during Captain
Cook's voyage in 1769. The 9 greenish-coloured species
of Stethaspis are common in forest habitats. This sub-
family contains many species which are recognised pests
of agriculture, e.g., the grass grub Costelytra zealandica.
The Scarabaeinae, with some 14 species, include native
species in 2 endemic genera and 4 adventive species in 3
exotic genera (Emberson & Matthews 1973, Paulian 1935,
Watt 1984). The Dynastinae include some 5 native species
in the endemic genus Pericoptus (Endrödi 1974, Watt
1984) and 3 adventive species in exotic genera (Watt
1984). The Aphodiinae are represented by 6 genera, with
some 10 native species and several adventive (Richards
1959, Watt 1984).
Scarabaeids include scavenging and/or phytophagous
species. The melolonthines have species occurring in
many different terrestrial habitats: sand dunes, manuka
(Leptospermum scoparium) scrub, mixed scrub and forest
margin, northern and southern rain forest, subalpine scrub
and tussock, river or lakeside sands, and pasturelands
(Given 1952). Many species are economically important,
with larvae feeding on plant roots (Hoy & Given 1952).
The aphodiines are mainly dung feeders and general
® to sandy
scavengers. The endemic dynastines are confined
seashores and river floodplains (Given 1955). The en-
demic scarabaeines occur predominantly in forest leaf
litter, and probably feed on dung of bats, birds, reptiles,
and large snails (Emberson & Matthews 1973).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs . Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares ®
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. APHODIINAE -Acrossidius tasmaniae
(Hope, 1847) (Fig. 145), Phycochus graniceps Broun,
1886 (Fig. 146); SCARABAEINAE Onthophagus granulatus
-
Boheman, 1858 (Fig. 147); MELOLONTHINAE Odontria-
giveni Watt, 1984 (Fig. 148), Costelytra zealandica
(White, 1846) (Fig. 149), Prodontria lewisi Broun, 1904
(Fig. 150); DYNASTINAE Heteronychus arator (Fabricius,
-
1775) (Fig. 151), Pericoptus truncatus Fabricius, 1775
(Fig. 152).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial names: scarab beetles,
dung beetles, chafer beetles.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF SCARABAEIDAE
1 Head with anterior margin more or less semicircular,
or emarginate medially; clypeal carina continuous
with canthus, which extends further laterally than eye;
mesocoxae strongly oblique; antennae with 8 or 9
segments ... 2 Comprises three families with a compacting mechanism in
- Head with anterior margin not as above; clypeal carina
separated from canthus by a pronounced emargination
on either side; mesocoxae transverse or slightly obli-
que; antennae often 10-segmented ... 3
2(1) Metatibiae each with 2 apical spurs; mesocoxae
oblique and approximated; elytra usually concealing
entire abdomen; scutellum present; body usually sub-
parallel ... (Fig. 145, 146) .. APHODIINAE
- Metatibiae each with 1 apical spur; mesocoxae distally
separated; elytra shortened, leaving pygidium ex-
posed; scutellum not apparent; body stout, oval or
rounded ... (Fig. 147) .. SCARABAEINAE
3(1) Head and pronotum in males simple; labrum sclero-
tised, exposed; mandibles concealed from above
... (Fig. 148-150) .. MELOLONTHINAE
- Head and pronotum in males usually with horns,
tubercles, or complex elevations; labrum membranous,
concealed; mandibles usually partly visible from
above ... (Fig. 151, 152) .. DYNASTINAE
SELECTED REFERENCES. Bain (1980), Barratt
(1982), Barratt & Campbell (1982), Brown (1967),
Carlson (1991b), Dymock & Forgie (1993), Emberson &
-31-
Matthews (1973), Emerson & Barratt (1997), Emerson &
Wallis (1994), Endrödi (1974), Given (1952, 1954, 1960,
1964, 1966), Hoy & Given (1952), Lowe (1961), Richards
(1959), Scholtz (1990), Stebnicka & Howden (1995),
Watt (1971, 1979a, 1984).
Series ELATERIFORMIA
For our concept of this series we have followed Lawrence
& Newton (1995), who define it in Crowson's (1960)
original sense, with Scirtoidea and Dascilloidea included
as basal lineages. This series in New Zealand includes four
superfamilies: Scirtoidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea, and
Elateroidea. Phylogenetic relationships among the super-
families are still not well understood (Lawrence & Newton
1995). A cladistic analysis of this group was recently
conducted by Lawrence et al. (1995).
Lawrence & Britton (1991, 1994) excluded Scirtidae,
Eucinetidae, and Clambidae from Elateriformia, and
defined the group by the following major characters:
heterogeneous life cycle, with long-lived larvae and short-
lived adults usually occupying different habitats; surface-
active adults often with body streamlined and with a
complex pro-mesothoracic interlocking device or, in its
absence, a chemical defence system; antennae rarely
clubbed, often serrate; metacoxae usually excavated to
receive femora.
Superfamily SCIRTOIDEA
which the head is strongly hypognathous and fits against
the procoxae or metasternum in the resting position
(Lawrence & Britton 1991, 1994, q.v. for larval char-
acteristics).
[16] Family SCIRTIDAE
(=CYPHONIDAE =DASCYLLIDAE =DISCYLLIDAE =HELODIDAE)
Fig. 153, 154
Length 1.5-10 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body brown to black, narrowly oval to
nearly round in outline. Head narrow, with sharp genal
ridges which rest against the procoxae when head is
fully deflexed (Fig. 12); eyes smalI but prominent.
Antennae filiform. Pronotum short and transverse,
often concealing head, covered by fine, recumbent
pubescence. Elytra often with ridges, and with com-
plete epipleura. Procoxae large and projecting, with
prosternal region reduced; metacoxal plates often
present; 4th tarsal segment lobed beneath.
SYNOPSIS. Scirtids are well represented in the New
Zealand fauna, and in the southern temperate region in
general
.W at
t(1982 a)record ed121nom in a
ln a
tiv esp e
- RANGE.Nor
th®,Sou
th®,Stewar
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.Som e125sp eci
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and ;`Cyphon 'p art
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n
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ion. EXAMPLE
.Eu
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)(F
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- REMARKS
.Sugg
est
edco
lloqu
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ame
:pl
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s
p erm umh ast
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.
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g
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,s ci
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edtob efil
ter-feeding
d
etri
tiv o
res(B e
i e
r1 952). SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Vt(
i 1
977
a,b
),W
hee
ler&
Collec
ting:beatings h
rubs
,sw eepingvegeta
tioni nw et Ho
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84)
.
p
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,sif
tingo rganicm at
tern earw a
ter
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,
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.
[18]FamilyCLAMBIDAE
RANGE.Nor
th ®
,South ®
,Stewar
t® F
i g
.156
K
ermad
ecsO
,ThreeKings®,Ch a
thams®,Sna
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ars
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DIAGNOS IS.B od yminut e
,g lobular,strongl
yg lossy
,
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tp ubesc ence
;m anyspeciesare
EXAMPLES.Ample
ctopu
spa
ll
icor
nisBro
un,1 8
86(F
ig
. capableofp art
ia
llyrol
lingthem se
l v
esin t
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153
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ig.154
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maximump ronotalwidth.C lypeu spronounc ed
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REMARKS .Sh arp(1878)div
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land simple,ord iv
idedb yag enalcan thu sintodo rsaland
sc
ir
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tenna
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.An tennae10 -s
egm ented,
fo
ssaandt ho
sewithoutafos
saorwit
haw eakfos
sa. w
itha2 -
segm entedclub.S cut el
lumt riangular
,l arg
e.
Sug
g e
stedcol
loquia
lnam e
:m a
rshbee
tl
es. Procoxaep roject
in g
,th e
irca vitiesop en;m etacoxae
w
ithe xpand edplatesconc e
alin gventri
te1andf olded
SELECTEDREFERENCES
. Hannappe
l &Pau
lus legs
.Legssh or
ta ndslende
r.
(1
992
),LeS
age(
199
1a)
.
SYNOPS IS. Wa tt(1982a )repo r
ted5na tiveand2
advent
i venomi na
ls p
ecieso fclam b
idfromN ewZ ea
la nd
.
[17]Fami
lyEUCINET
IDAE Endrödy-Young a(1990 )revisedth eN ewZ ealandc lam-
F
ig.155 bids
,re cord
ing1 1speciesg roupe din2g enera
.
Clamb idsm aybefoundinl eaflit
ter,lawnc lippings,
Length 3
.0-3
.6 mm Tarsa
lfo
rmu
la 5
-5-5 gardenpr u
nings,andcom post
.S om es pecie
sa r
ea t
tracted
DIAGNOS IS. Bod ys treamlined,ell
iptica,u
l ni
f ormly tolight,andc anb eco llectedu s
inga UVl ighttr ap
.
brown ishtob l ack,w i
thfined ecumb entpub escen ce
. Lawrenc e&B rit
ton( 1991,1 994)r epo
rt edadul
tsf eeding
Headd ef
lex ed ,con cealedf romabo veandr esting onfung alspor es
. Kusch el(1990 )collectedsp eciesof
again s
tp ro coxa e.An tenna efi
li
form .Ey e
ssm allbut Sphaerothoraxi ntheA ucklanda reao ntreestum psandi n
prom inen
t.P ro tho raxr educed.E lyt
ratap er
in gpo st
- loose mo s
sm atsofPo lytr
i chacea e
,ino rganiclit
t e
r,ina
erio
rl y
,oftenw ithfin ecros s-
stria
tion sandalon gi
- heapo fEu c
alyptusbran chesandcu tb ambooinash eep
tudina limp ressedl ineone ithersideo fsu tu re
. paddo ck,inal it
ters amp let ak eninP i
ttosporuma n
d
Procoxa ep roj ecting,th e
irca vi
tiesop en;m etacoxae Me
licytuss crub,andatt hef oo
to fah ig hcoast
alc l
iff
.
expand ed,w ithob l
iqu em e
ta coxa
lp la
tesenlargedand
part
lyc once a
lin g1 stv ent
ri
te.L egssho
rt;ti
biaeandtars
i RANGE.Nor
th®,Sou
th® ,S
tew a
rt®
ofm iddleandh indl egsb e
aringcomb so fd a
rksp ines
. K
erma
decsO
,ThreeK s®
ing , ChathamsO,Sna
resO
Adultsa r
ec ap ableofjump ingu singthe
irm odif
iedh in
d A
uck
land
sO,Camp
bel
lO ,An
tipodesO,Boun
tie
sO
legs
.
EXAMPLE
.Cl
amb
usd
ome
st
icu
sBr
oun
,18
86(F
ig
.15
6).
SYNOPS IS.Eu c
inetusst
ew ar
ti
,an a
tivespecie
s,isthe
onl
yN ewZ e
alandeu c
inet
id,andli
tt
leisk n
ow nconcern
-
ingit
ssta
tusandh abit
s.No r
therntempera
t espec
iesare REMARKS
.Sugg
est
edco
lloqu
ialn
ame
:cl
amb
eet
les
.
knowntof
eedo nfru
itin
gb od
iesofbasi
diom yce
tefungio
r
onsl
im emouldspores(Wh ee
ler &Ho eb
ek e1984)
. SELECTEDREFERENCES
.End
rödy
-Young
a(1990
).

-32
-
Superfamily BUPRESTOIDEA
The phylogenetic affiliations of Buprestidae are not
resolved. The group is currently placed in a monotypic
superfamily (Lawrence & Britton 1991, 1994). Lawrence
(1988) suggested that Buprestidae could be the sister-
group of the Byrrhoidea, or might be derived from a
dascilloid ancestor.
[19] Family BUPRESTIDAE
Fig. 157
Length 1.7-10 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body bullet-shaped, subparallel, pointed
at elytral tip, metallic green or black, often with bright
yellow spots, more or less glossy, heavily sclerotised,
appearing glabrous or with scattered hairs. Head strongly
deflexed, deeply inserted into prothorax. Prothorax
closely applied to elytra. Antennae moderately long,
threadlike to slightly serrate. Mesosternum with a large
cavity for reception of prosternal process; metasternum
with a curved transverse suture. First 2 abdominal
sternites strongly connate, the suture between them
vaguely defined. Procoxae globose, their cavities open.
Tarsi with segments 1-4 lobed below.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) recorded a total of 4 nominal
species of buprestid, whereas Dumbleton (1932) and
Clark (1938) had indicated 2 native species and 1 adven-
tive. The native species belong to 2 genera of BUPRESTINAE.
Adults and larvae of Nascioides enysi are found in
Nothofagus forests, and are restricted to beech species
(Hudson 1934, Dumbleton 1932, Milligan 1974). In
contradiction to earlier beliefs, this species is a symptom
rather than the cause of beech mortality. Adults and larvae
of Maoraxia eremita occur in beech forests, but are not
restricted to beech species. The larvae may be found in thin
dead branches of Nothofagus species (Milligan 1974), and
also occur in elm trees, while adults have been collected by
beating scrub in summer (Hudson 1934, Dumbleton 1932,
Morgan 1966).
A single flying specimen of Buprestis aurulenta
collected in Remuera, Auckland, represents a species
possibly introduced from the north-west coast of the
U.S.A. The larvae bore in old wood of most of the
Californian pines, and are particularly attracted to fire
scars of exposed pitchy wood (Clark 1938).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. BUPRESTINAE - Nascioides enysi (Sharp,
1877) (Fig. 157).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: jewel beetles.
-33-
SELECTED REFERENCES. Bellamy & Williams
(1985), Clark (1938), Dumbleton (1932), Milligan (1974,
1985), Morgan (1966), Stuart (1955).
Superfamily BYRRHOIDEA
The superfamily concept used here is after Lawrence &
Britton (1991). Almost all species of Byrrhoidea are
aquatic, semiaquatic, or associated with foliage beside
streams. They have 5-5-5-segmented tarsi with the en-
larged last segment bearing pronounced claws (except for
Heteroceridae and some Byrrhidae, which have 4-4-4
segmented tarsi). Adults have a sophisticated type of
wing-folding mechanism, and larvae usually have a single
pretarsal seta.
Adults of Byrrhidae, Dryopidae, Elmidae, Limnichidae,
and Ptilodactylidae have the following characteristics:
head more or less concealed by pronotum from above; tarsi
5-5-5-segmented, with last segment enlarged; legs re-
tractable into body cavities; prosternum with a process
fitting into a cavity of mesosternum (Fig. 52, 53); body
convex dorsally; antennae slender, sometimes weakly or
distinctly clubbed. The family Heteroceridae is the most
divergent in this group, and distinguished by prognathous
head, short, thick, sawtoothed antennae, flat, spinose
tibiae, and 4-4-4-segmented tarsi, with the last segment
not pronounced. The family Chelonariidae is also quite
distinct, but probably close to the main byrrhid lineage.
[20] Family BYRRHIDAE
Fig. 158
Length 1.8-8 mm Tarsal formula 4-4-4 or 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body black, brown, or greyish, sometimes
metallic green, broadly oval, short, stout, and usually
strongly convex dorsally; dorsal surface usually glabrous
and strongly glossy, rarely dull and pubescent with patches
of paler hair and with short bristles. Head directed down-
wards, more or less concealed from above. Antennae
10- or 11-segmented, usually weakly clubbed, with
segments 3-7 gradually enlarged. Elytra often pointed
posteriorly, often with distinct striae. Legs often retract-
able into cavities of mesosternum, and prosternum with
a broad process fitting into cavity of mesosternum (Fig.
52, 53). Procoxae transverse, with cavities open. Tarsi
with segment 3 bearing an anteriorly directed mem-
branous appendage below.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) recorded 49 nominal native
species of byrrhid from New Zealand and over 79, many
undescribed, in NZAC. Broun (1910b) recognised 8 gen-
era (including Nosodendron, now in the family Nosoden-
dridae [33]); today there are 8 genera in two subfamilies -
BYRRHINAE and SYNCALYPTINAE. Aspects of the higher
classification of Byrrhidae are discussed by Watt (1971).
 Adu
lt
shav
ebe
enco
lle
ctedf
romund
ers
ton
esandon A
u
Ac
uk
l
c
ka
ln
a
nd
s
dsO
,Cam
pbe
llO
,An
tip
ode
sO,B
oun
ti
esO
Ce
lm ia d
is ais
iesinth
e moun
tain
s,andbyb
eat
ing mo
ss-
coveredt r
eesorshrubs;larvaehaveb eenfoundonmo s
s EXAMPLE
.Pa
rnidaag
res
tisB
roun
,1880(F
ig.159
).
andfe edingonit(Broun1910b ,Hud son1934 )
.Ku schel
(1990)r eco
rded2s p
eciesatL yn
fie
ld,A uck
l and
,c o
llect
ed REMARKS
.Sugg
est
edco
lloqu
ialn
ame
:ha
iry w
ate
r
onlogsandonf ai
rlyd ampg roundands tr
e amb edsw i
th be
et
les
.
mos
sa n dliv
erwor
ts.Ing ener
aladul
tsa ndlarva
eo ccuro n
mos
s e
so rlive
rw o
rts
,an dsom earefoundam on
gth eroots SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Brown(1981b
,1991
a).
ofhigherp l
ant
s(L awren c
e &B ri
tton1991 ,1994).Th ey
maybec o
lle
cte
do nm oss,ontheground,oro ntr
eet r
un ks
atnight,astheyappeartob enocturn
alf e
ed e
rs. [22]Fami
lyELM IDAE
F
ig.160
RANGE .Nor
th ®
,Sou
th ®,S
tewar
t®
K
ermadecsO,Th
reeKing
s®,Chatham
sO,Sna
res® Leng
th2.8
-5.0mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5
Auck
lands®,Campbe
ll®,Ant
ipodesO
,Boun
tie
sO DIAGNOS IS.Bodyn arrow lyov a
l,sligh tlypo int
ed
po s
ter
io r
ly,black,greyish -black ,orb rown ish-b la
ck,
EXAMPLE.BYRRHINAE- L
iocho
riahu
t iP
ton a
sco
e, som et
im essl
ightlyir
idesc ent
, mod er
atelyg lo ssyo rdul
l
18
75(F
ig.1
58)
. (wh englossyoftenwitham eta
llicsh een),w i
thf ineand
sp a
rsepub escen ce
,u suallyo fav e
lv etyapp earance.
REMARKS .TheN ewZ ea
landfaun
aisdivers
e,buti
s Headsma ll. Antennae mode ratelye longa teand
poor
lyunde
rst
oodatthegen
eri
candspec
if
icle
vel
,andthe slender
,som e
tim esappe aringsl ight
lyb ead -
lik e.Ey e
s
groupr
equi
resrev
ision
. prom inentandp rotruding .P rono tumt rapezo idal
,
Sugge
ste
dc o
llo
q u
ialname
:m o
ssbeet
les
. withsharpb asalangl es
,n arrow e
rth ane lytralb ase.
Elytraw i
throw so fpun ctu res
.P rocox a et r
an sv er
se,
SELECTEDREFERENCES.B
roun(1910b
),G
res
si
tt& th e
irc avi
tiesop enb ehind .L eg sIarg e,s tout.T a
rsal
Samu
els
on(
1964
a),Wa
tt(
1971
). segm entssimp l
e,thel asts egm en tenla rg edand w i
th
mo d
era
telylargeclaws
.

[21]Fami
ly DRYOP
IDAE SYNOPS IS.W at
t(1982 a)recorded7nom inaln a
tive
F
ig.159 spec
iesofelm i
d,b utsom e1 6spec
iesaren owr ep
resen
t ed
inNZAC ,m anyo fth emund e
scr
ibed.AllN ewZ ea
land
Leng
th3-5 mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5
e
lm idsbelongtoas ingleg enusofsubfamilyLARAINAE.
DIAGNOS IS.Bodyb ro adlyov al
,usual
ly mo reo rless Elmidsareaqu a
tico rsem i
aquat
ic,butn onecanswim .
cyl
ind rical,blun t
lyt r
i angu la
rpo s
teriorly,b rownto Hudson(1934)r eportedadu l
tsof Hydorap icea inriver
black,glo ssy,cov ered w ithlong,unruly,p rotrud ing bedsrunningov erston esatthew a
ter'
sedg e
,som e
tim es
hai
r s
.An t ennaesho rt,w i
thacomb -l
ik ea symm etrica
l takin
gw ingw i
thg r
eatra pid
ity
.Ing en
eralthea du
lt
sm ay
clubo f7segmen ts(F ig .29).Prono tum w ithan befoundons ton esinriv erandstr
eam m a
rgins,andth e
imp ressedlong itudinalg roov eoneithers ide
.B a
s eof larvael
iveund erston esn ea
rthew ate
r.F ewl a
rvaeh ave
ely
t ra withseve ralimp re ss
ions.Prosternalp roce s
s beenassoci
atedw itha du
lts,andcarefu
lrearingisneed e
d
broad lyanddeep lyrece ivedinto me soste rnum . topro v
ideinfo
rm ationf orsys
tem a
ticstu
dies.
Procox aet ransverse,th e
irc avit
iesop en
.L eg sl a
rg e
,
thick.L as
tt ar
s a
ls egm enten la
rgedando ftena slonga s RANGE .Nor
th ®
,South ®
,Stew a
rt®
3ora l
lr em a
i n
ings egm ents
,w ithla
rgeclaw s. Ke
rm ad
ecsO,Thr
eeKingsO,Ch a
thamsO
,Snare
sO
Auck
landsO
,C ampb
ellO,Antipode
sO,Boun
tie
sO
SYNOPS IS.W a
tt(1982a)recorded4n a
tivespeciesof
dryopidinN ewZ eal
and,in2g ener a
,wh ereasHud son EXAMPLE
.LARAINAE-Hydo
rap
icea B
rou
n,1
880(F
ig
.
(1934)h adl
istedo n
ly2n at
ives pecies. 16
0)
.
AdultsandlarvaeofPa rn
idaag resism
t ayb efoundin
leafli
tter
,common lyinli
tte
ro fh ardb eech(Nothofagus REMARKS .Ourelmidfaunaisre
lat
ivelydive
rsebut
truncata)fo
r e
sts
.Adu ltsofP.longu luso cc
uru nderlog
s poo
rlyknown,andthe
reareprobab
lym anyundesc
rib
ed
inv e
ryw e
tplaces,andthoseo fP.ag resisi
t nriv
erb ed
s, spe
cies
.T h
es o
uthe
rrnLara
inaeareunde
rrevis
ionbyD r
runningov erstonesatthew ater
'sedg einho tsunshin
e Man
fredJäch(Na
turh
is
tor
ischesM u
seum,Vienna)
.
(Hud son1934). Sugge
ste
dc o
llo
quia
lnam e
:ri
ffl
eb e
et
les.

RANGE.Nor
th ®
,Sou
th ®
,Stew
art O SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Brown(1981a
,1991c
),
K
erm
adec
sO,ThreeK
ing
sO ,Ch
atham
sO,Sn
are
sO Sp
ang
ler&Br
own(19
81)
.

-34
--
[23] Family LIMNICHIDAE
Fig. 161
Length 1-2.5 mm Tarsal formula 4-4-4 (Hyphalinae),
5-5-5 (Limnichinae)
DIAGNOSIS. Body minute to small, oval, convex,
moderately glossy, black, with short yellowish or greyish
pubescence often forming wavy patterns on pronotum
and elytra. Frontoclypeal suture present; clypeus dis-
tinct. Antennae slender, often with a 3-segmented club;
basalmost 2 segments enlarged; antennal insertion on
base of frons. Pronotal base sinuate. Scutellum large.
Procoxae transverse, their cavities open behind. Meso-
sternum long and wide, well extended into procoxae;
metasternum with a distinct transverse suture. As in
byrrhids, legs may be folded into ventral cavities.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 7 nominal native
species of limnichid and 1 adventive. The 2 limnichid
genera in New Zealand belong in subfamilies HYPHALINAE
(5 species) and LIMNICHINAE (3 species, with possibly a
fourth undescribed).
Species of Hyphalus are known from the intertidal zone
on barnacle-encrusted rocks and beach rocks. Species of
Limnichus occur under rocks at the margin of streams and
rivers, and in moist litter in forested areas (e.g., Notho-
fagus forest).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. LIMNICHINAE - Limnichus nigripes Broun,
1886 (Fig. 161).
REMARKS. Very little is known about New Zealand's
Limnichidae.
Suggested colloquial name: lake beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Britton (1973, 1977),
Brown (1991b).
[24] Family HETEROCERIDAE
Fig. 162
Length 3.8-4 mm Tarsal formula 4-4-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body robust, elongate, densely pubescent,
the pubescence forming a variegated pattern. Head
prognathous, with strong mandibles and with large
labrum and clypeus. Antennae short and thick, with an
elongate, apparently 7-segmented club. Pronotum
strongly transverse. Elytra largely subparallel. Procoxae
transverse, their cavities open behind. Tibiae flattened,
spinose.
— 35
SYNOPSIS. Heterocerids are represented in New Zea-
land by a single native species in the type genus. The type
specimen is from Wedderburn in Central Otago, but the
species has also been found at Whatipu and Bethels Beach
near Auckland, Ballantrae near Palmerston North, Hau-
moana near Hastings, and in Northland.
All known species live in tunnels in moist sand or mud,
and feed on algae and organic debris. Our species may be
found in mud alongside streams and rivers, where adults
may be collected by `shore washing' with water and col-
lecting floating debris by net. Occasionally large numbers
of adults have been caught in light traps near rivers.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. HETEROCERINAE - Heterocerus novaeselan-
diae Charpentier, 1968 (Fig. 162).
REMARKS. There are related species in Australia.
Suggested colloquial name: mud beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Charpentier (1968).
[25] Family PTILODACTYLIDAE
Fig. 163
Length 5-8 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body oblong to elongate, pale brown
sometimes with a reddish tinge to dark brown, moderately
densely pubescent. Head small, strongly deflexed and
concealed from above; frontal suture distinct. Antennae
11-segmented, filiform or serrate, moderately long
(Fig. 20). Eyes large and protruding. Pronotum small,
transverse, with a well developed basal locking
mechanism consisting of a comb with smalI teeth or
crenulations; lateral carinae sharp and incomplete
anteriorly. Elytra striate. Scutellum heart-shaped, not-
ched anteriorly. Procoxae conical, transverse, narrowly
separated, their cavities open behind. Tarsi simple;
tarsomere 4 small.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 2 nominal native
species of ptilodactylid and a total of some 8 species,
several undescribed, represented in NZAC. As conceived
here, the family includes 1 described species of Byrro-
cryptus (subfamily ANCHYTARSINAE) with 4-7 awaiting
description, and possibly another undescribed genus
(Kuschel 1990). Following the classification proposed by
Lawrence & Newton (1995), Brounia—hitherto placed in
Ptilodactylidae—is transferred to Chelonariidae [26].
Adults are predacious, and occur on vegetation near
water in wooded areas. Kuschel (1990) reported adults of
Byrrocryptus collected by Malaise trap near a stream,
—
underneathoverhangingst
re amb anks
,andamong stf e
rn RANGE.Nor
th ®
,South O
,Stewa
rtO
and mo ssonas t eep,seepings lope
.Sp ecim enso fB. K
erma
decsO
,ThreeKingsO,Chath
am sO,S na
resO
urquharih
t avebeenc ol
lectedb ybeat
ingve ge
tati
onn ea
r A
uck
land
sO,Campb
el
lO ,Ant
ipod
esO ,Boun
tie
sO
marginso fst
r eams.P t
ilod ac
tylidlarvaefromo th er
regionso ccurin w e
th abi
t a
ts,and m ayb eripar
i ano r EXAMPLE
.Broun
iatho
rac
ica S
har
p,1
878(F
ig.1
64)
.
aquat
ic;theyfeedo nrot
tingv e
g e
t a
tio
n,inc
lu d
inglea ves
,
roots
,o rdeadwood(L aw r
en ce1991,L eSage &H arper REMARKS .AccordingtoL awren
c e &N ewton(1995
)
1976). B
.thorac
icaresem b
lessom emem b
ersoftheC a
ll
irh
ipid
ae
morethanitdoessp ec
ieso f Che
lonariumo rPseudo-
RANGE.Nor
th®,Sou
th ®
,Stewa
rtO che
lonarium(C helonar
iidae)
,butitsh a
restheserra
te
K
ermad
ecsO
,ThreeKingsO
,Ch a
thamsO,Sna
res O t
ibiae
,tars
alst
ructures
,w ingvena
tion
,andtyp eofm al
e
A
uck
land
sO,Campbe
llO,An
tip
odesO,Boun
tie
sO gen
ita
li
at y
pic
alofc he
lonari
ids
.
Sugge
stedco
lloquia
lnam e:none
.
EXAMPLE
.ΑΝCΗΥΤΑRSIΝΑE —By
rro
cryp
tusu
rquh
art
i
B ,1
roun 89
3(F
ig.163
). SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Law
ren
ce &N
ewton
(1
995
).
REMARKS .Th eN ewZ e a
landf aunaofPtilodactyl
idae
isprobablyriche
rt ha
ni sa pparen
tfromitsr epre
senta
tion
incollect
ion s
.Th esub familyAn chyt
arsinaeisalmo s
t Sup er
fam i
lyELATERO IDEA
cer
tainlyp araphylet
ic,a ssugg estedbyL aw rence& Th es uper
familydef
i ni
tionusedh ereisaf
terLaw r
en ce&
Newton(1995 ). Byr
ro cryptus, whichoccu rsa l
soin Britton(1991 ,1994)andL awr en ce &Newton(1995 )
.
Aus
tral
ia,w asplacedinth issubfam i
lyonth eb asi
sofa Adu ltsofa l
le l
ate
ro idslacka m andibul
ar molaanda
larv
als yn
a pom o
rphy— lo ng
itu d
inaldiv
isi
o nofe xpand
ed tra nsve
rsem eta
ste
rnals ut
ure
,a ndh aveanu n
sophi
stica
ted
subm entumin tothre ep ar
ts—w ithfouro therg ene
ra win g-fo
ldingm ech
ani sm;lar
v a
eh aveasing
lestemm aon
unknowninN ewZ ea
land(L awrence &N ewton1995). eith e
rsideofth eheadandaf eedingm echani
smad ap
ted
Theent
ireg roupismu chinn eedofrevis
ion. fo rliqu
idd iet
s(Law rence &B ritton1991,1994)
.Th ese
Suggest
e dcol
loq u
ialnam e:c omb-w a
is
tb eetl
es. plan t-
feedersu su
allyh aveth er earoftheproste
rnum
elong atedintoapro cessthatfi
t sintothem e
sosternum
SELECTEDREFERENCES
.St
rib
ling(1986
). (F ig.54).Ph y
logenyisd i
scussedb yM uo
na(1996).

[26]Fami
lyCHELONAR
IIDAE [27]FamilyEUCNEMIDAE
F
ig.164a
,b [ass
is
tedb J.
y M u
ona
]
Leng
th5-6 mm Ta
rsa
lfo
rmu
la5
-5-
5 F
i g
.165

DIAGNOS IS .Bodyna rrow lyova l,pa rt
lysubpa ral
l e
l, Leng
th4-10mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5
moder at
el yc on vex,inl ate
r alvieww ithanan terod orsa
l
prono ta
lhump ,b lack.H eadsma ll,stronglyd eflex ed, DIAGNOS IS.V e
rys im i
lart oE l
at er
id ae[2 8
],bu tdif-
con cealedf romabov e;fron ta
lsu tured is
tin c
t.An ten- fe r
inginhav ingth elab rum m emb ranou sandcon -
nae11 -
s egm ent ed,w ithba sal2s egm ent ssma lland cealedb en eathth ec lyp eus.Bodyb rowntob la ck,
segm en
t s4 -11p ectinate,a symm etr
ical(F ig.22).E yes narrowlyelong ate
,subp aral
lel,pub escent,bro adestat
larg eandp rotrud ing .P rono tumsma ll,tran sv erse
, pronotumandt aperingpo sterior
ly .Fron tedg eofp ro-
wi
thaw elId evelop edba sallock ing m echan ismcon - sternumstraighta crossandno tlob ed.H eadde f
lex ed.
si
stin gofac ombw ithsm al
lt e
eth ;lateralc ar
ina esh arp Antennae11- segm ented,fi
liformo rserra
t e
.P ronotum
andcomp let e.Ely traw ithfa intind i
cation sofs triae. withhindang l e
sa cutelyp rodu cedpo steriorly
.E lytr
a
Scutellumsm al
l,o val.P roc oxaet ransverse,theirc a v- str
iate
.Cl
ickin gdevicep resent(con s
ist
in gofp rosternal
it
i esop enb ehind ;m esocox aes ep a
ratedbyad i s
t ance pr o
cessf
it
tin gintom e sos
tern a
lc avity
),clickingab il
ity
shortertha nc o x
alw i d
t h
;m etacoxaet r
ansverse,inc on
t a
ct welldeve
loped .P r
o coxaegl obular,theirc avi
tiesop en.
basally.M et astern allong itudin alsutur ep resen tand Tarsomer
essim p
le.Fir s
t5v entr
itesc onn ate
.
transv e
rs esu tureab sent
.Ta rsisimp le
,w iths egm ent3
bi
lob edb en ea thands e gm ent4 m inu t
e. SYNOPS IS.W at
t(1982a)repor
ted20nom ina
ln at
ive
spe
ciesofeucnemidf
romN ewZ ea
land.W eest
im ate22
SYNOPSIS.Thereisas ingl
en a
tivespec
iesofch
elon- spe
cies
,inc
luding2und e
s c
rib
ed,in7g ene
raand2sub -
ar
iid
,Brouniathoracica,i nN ewZ eal
and.W eh ave fami
li
es–MELASINAEandMACRAULAC .A
INAE par
tfromt h
e
exam
inedon
ly1sp ecim en
,coll
ectedina Ma
lai
set
rapin sca
tte
redorig
inaldes
crip
tions
,veryli
ttl
einformationis
ca
tt
le-
brows
e dfo
res
ta tH ic
ksB ay
,n o
rthofTeAra
roa. ava
il
ableonthegroup
.

-36-
 Adults may be found on forest growth, in leaf litter or
wood mould. Kuschel (1991a) reported 2 eucnemid
species collected under bark of Pinus radiata logs lying in
the bush and in decayed wood in the Auckland area. Hud-
son (1934) recorded some species collected by beating
forest growth. May also be collected using interception
traps, including Malaise traps, or by sweeping forest
vegetation.
New Zealand larvae are known from dead wood of
Metrosideros (rata). Most Australian larvae also occur in
dead wood (Lawrence & Britton 1991, 1994), and
Nearctic larvae of the group are known as cross-wood
borers because they cut characteristic mines across the
grain of wood (White 1983).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. MELASINAE - Neocharis simplex Sharp,
1877 (Fig. 165).
REMARKS. In early classifications the eucnemids were
treated as a subfamily of Elateridae [28], but Broun treated
them as a distinct family. Their phylogeny, classification,
biogeography, and biology (including New Zealand gen-
era) were recently reviewed by Muona (1991, 1993).
Suggested colloquial name: false click beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Muona (1991, 1993), Sharp
(1877b).
[28] Family ELATERIDAE
[assisted by J. Muona]
Fig. 166, 167
Length 3-30 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body elongate, narrow, cylindrical to
slightly flattened, usually brown or black, rarely spotted,
finely pubescent or nearly glabrous, often glossy, with
medial part usually subparallel and both ends rounded.
Head with labrum sclerotised, visible and free, and
clypeus not distinct. Antennae 11-segmented, located
near but not between eyes, usually sawtoothed or comb-
like, never clubbed. Prothorax loosely joining mesothorax
and capable of rapid movement on basal joint, which
produces a jumping movement. Pronotum with hind
angles acutely produced posteriorly. Click mechanism
always present (Fig. 54)—the most distinctive feature of
the family, consisting of prosternal process and mesoster-
nal cavity. Elytra usually subparallel for most of length,
tapering posteriorly. Procoxae globose, their cavity open
behind Tarsi simple, sometimes with setal brushes or
membranous appendages. Prosternum truncate or lobed in
front. Abdomen with 5 ventrites, rarely 6, all usually
—37—
well separated, the Iast 2 connected by a membranous
suture.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 132 native and 3
adventive species of elaterid in New Zealand, belonging to
26 genera in 6 subfamilies — AGRYPNINAE, PITYOBIINAE,
DENTICOLLINAE, LISSOMINAE (PROTELATERINAE), ELATERINAE,
and CARDIOPHORINAE. For subfamily and tribal identification,
see Stibick (1979).
Adults occur on foliage of trees and shrubs, in rotting
logs, under bark of dead trees, and on the ground, and may
be collected by sweeping vegetation, collecting at light, or
netting in flight in the daytime. Kuschel (1990) collected
adults at Lynfield, Auckland from vegetation by beating,
from Acacia and Eucalyptus, in bush litter and on low-
growing plants at night, at light, in paddocks, in Malaise
traps, in leaf litter and prunings, under bark, from sifted
decaying wood, and reared from abandoned boards of
Pinus radiata.
According to Lawrence & Britton (1991, 1994), in
general there are three types of elaterid larvae: (a) sap-
rophagous — feeding on rotten wood; (b) phytophagous —
feeding mainly on roots of plants; and (c) predacious.
Many phytophagous larvae, known as wireworms, are
agricultural pests feeding on roots of cereals and other
plants. For example, Ctenicera larvae are soil-inhabiting
wireworms, some of them damaging root vegetables such
as carrots. Thoramus larvae live in dead wood, including
standing dead trunks of Pinus radiata, where they prey on
larvae of Cerambycidae. Most larvae are probably facul-
tative predators on soil-inhabiting arthropods.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. AGRYPNINAE - Thoramus wakefieldi Sharp,
1877 (Fig. 166); DENTICOLLINAE - Amychus candezei
Pascoe, 1876 (Fig. 167).
REMARKS. This group is in need of taxonomic revision,
as there is no comprehensive treatment available. The
general classification of Elateridae is in a state of flux, and
the subfamilies are variously combined by different
authors (Lawrence & Newton 1995).
Suggested colloquial name: click beetles (some larvae —
wireworms).
SELECTED REFERENCES. Calder (1976, 1984, 1996),
Gaedike (1969), Sharp (1877b), Stibick (1979).
[29] Family LYCIDAE
Fig. 168
Length 9-10 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOS IS.Bodyb l ackando rang e
,so f
t,flat
ten ed, di
st
inct
lyshort
ened
,exposingwing
sand manyterg
ite
s,
loo se
lyfo rm ed.H eadsm a
ll
,p ar
ti a
llycon cealedf rom of
tenwithinconsp
icuou
sridge
s.Procox
aep ro
ject
ing,
abov e. Antenn alb asesinp rox im ity;antenn aeth ick, thei
rcavi
tie
sop en
.L eg
slongandslende
r.T a
rsiwith
stronglys er
r ate
, mod er a
telylong(F ig.21 ).Ey esp ro- segmen
t4b i
lobed.
truding.P rono tumn arrow era tb aseth anelytra,w ith
sev e
ralridge sdividingd iscintoi rregulard epressions; SYNOPS IS.W a
tt(1982 a)r eco rd ed40n a t
iv eand1
baseslight
lys inuate
.E lytraleathery,n ar
row lyelong ate, advent
i vespecie
so fc antha
ri dinN ewZ ea
lan d,belong
ing
subp ara
llel
,exp andedb eyondbody m argins,withd is- to3g en e
rain2sub fam i
lie s —DYSMORPHOCERINAE a n
d
tin c
troundhum er
iandlong itud in a
lridg es,betw een MALTHININAE.B yfarth e mo stspe c
i es(37 )ar eplacedin
ridgesw ithadoub lerowo flarg epun c
tures.Pro cox ae As
ili
s(W i
ttmer197 9
).An ews ub
f amil yclas
sifica
tionw a
s
projec
ting,theirc av
iti
e sop enb ehind.F emo raandtibi ae propose dbyB ran
c ucci(19 80).
slight
lyflat
ten ed.T ar
siw i
ths egm ent3andp ar
ticularly Adultsarediurna
la n doftens ee
no nfl owersa ndfol
iage
segm ent4b ilob ed. ofvar
i oustree
sa ndshr ub
s,a ndo ccasion a
llym a ybefound
unders tone sandba rk.The ma jor i
tyo fspec iesare
SYNOPS IS.W att(1982 a
)r ecord edas ingl
esp ec
i esof bel
ieve dtob epredaciouso no theri nsects
,b uts omefeed
lycidfromN ewZ e
aland
,co r
r espondingtoM etr
ior
r h
y n
- onplants,n e
ctar
,a ndp ol
le n(L eSa ge1 9 9
1 b
).Ac omm on
chu serraticusB roun(1893 a),d escr
ib edfromD rury
, methodfo rco l
lectingadu ltsi ssw eepingandb eat
ing
Pokeno ,andC lev edon.Thisisimp l
ici
tlyasynonymo f vege
tation.
Porros
tom aruf
ip enn ,anadv
e entiveAu stra
lianspecie
s, Kusch el(1990)r epo rted3c an th ar
idsp eciesfrom
reportedbyKu s ch e
l(1990)fromLyn field,Au ck
land. Auckl
a nd,col
lecte
db ysw eepinggr assa ndw ee ds
,b ea
ting
Ad u
ltsf
l yonw armd ay
s,andf ee donflow e
rn ec
tara n
d vege
tation,fromflow ersinasw am p
,a ndina M a
lais
etrap
.
pol
le n
.L arvaem ayb efoundu nd e
rt heb aτkoflogs
. Larvaea repr
im ar
ilyno c
turn al
,pr eyingch ieflyonsm a
ll
ar
t h
rop odsl
ivingind ebriso ntheg ro und(L eS age1991b)
.
RANGE .Nor
th ®
,South ®
,St
ew a
rtΟ InN ewZ ea
landsom el arvaeh aveb ee ne x
trac
t edfromleaf
Ke
rm ade
csO,Thr
eeK ing
sO,Chath
amsO,Sna
res O l
itte
ru singB er
lesef unnels
.
Auck
landsO
,C ampb
ellO,Ant
ipode
sO,Boun
tie
sO
RANGE.Nor
th®,Sou
th® ,S
tewat O
r
EXAMPLE .Po
rro
stom
aru
fip
enn
e(F
abr
iciu
s,1801
) K
ermad
ecsO,Th
reeKing
sO,Ch a
thamsO
,Snare
sO
A
uck
land
sO,Campbe
llO,An
tip
odesO,Bo
unt
iesΟ
(F
ig.1
68)
.
EXAMPLE.DYSMORPHOCERINAE- A
si
li
sfu
lvi
tho
rax
REMARKS .T hebr
ightco
lour
sof,e.,P
g
. orro
stomaru
fi
- (B
rou
n,1
880)(F
ig.1
69)
.
pennemayb eaw a
rnin
gsign
altopot
ent
ialpr
edato
rs
,si
nce
lycidsing ener
alarebel
ievedto mimicthecolou
rsof REMARKS
.Sugg
est
edco
lloqu
ialn
ame
:so
ldi
erb
eet
les
.
insec
tsdist
a s
tef
ultopre
dato
rs
.
Sugges
tedc o
lloq
uia
lname:net
-wingedbeet
les
. SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Br
ancu
cci(1980
),L
eSag
e
(19
91b
),Wi
ttme
r(19
79)
.
SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Βο
cák&Β
ocá
kov
á(1
990
).

Ser
iesBOSTR ICHIFORM IA
[30]Fami
lyCANTHAR
IDAE Wehavefol
low edthecon ceptofL awrence &B ri
tton
F
ig.169 (1991
,1994)a ndLaw rence&N ewton(1995)indefin
ing
Leng
th1.9
-7 mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5 th
isgroup
.Itiscons
id eredtobeap arap
h y
let
icassemblag
e
cons
ist
ingo fPolyph agaw ithstronga f
fi
liat
iontoth e
DIAGNOS IS.Bodyu sual
lyun i
form lyb lackorb rown, cucu
ji
formlineage
,b utlackingsharedapom or
phieswith
som e
tim esw ithprono tumy ellow ishtoo rang e
,so f
t, theser
iesCu cuj
iform ia
.Ja cobsoni
idaearetentat
ively
narrowlyo valt osubp a
r a
lle
l,slightlyc onvextoflat
tened, inc
ludedh erebecaus etheyl a
cksom eimportantsyn-
moderatelyd enselypub es
cent,oftenslight
l ygloss
y.H ead apomorphieso fCu cuji
form ia(L awrence &N ewton
larg e
,d eflex edbutp artia
llyv isiblefromabov e
.Ey es 1995
).
protruding.L abrum m embr anou sandin conspicuous.
Antenna efili
fo rm(F ig.17 )o rserrate,w i
thin sert
ions
welIsep ara
t ed.P ronotumt r ansverse,b roadlyov alor Super
fam i
lyDERODONTO IDEA
approxim a
t elysubqu adrate
,som e
tim esw ith2sm al
l, Membersofth
isgro
u paredi
st
inctinhav
ingpa
ire
doce
ll
i
roundb asalimp res
sion s
,andsom etim esem arginat
e. onthefrons,anelaborat
esy s
temo fdepr
ess
ionsand
Elytrana rrow lyova l
,o ftensubpa rallelfo r mostof usua
llyridgesandc an
alsonh eadandprono
tum,and
length,u sual
lyloo se
lycov er
ingabdom enbu tsom et
imes ely
tra
lstr
iaewit
hde epbasa
lpit
s.

-38-
[31] Family DERODONTIDAE
Fig. 170
Length 2.0-2.4 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body small, approximately oval in out-
line, brown or black, moderately glossy, with incon-
spicuous short adherent pubescence. Head with paired
ocelli and usually elaborate depressions. Antennae 11-
segmented, the basalmost 2 segments enlarged, and
with a 3-segmented club. Eyes protruding, coarsely
faceted. Pronotum distinctly narrower than base of elytra,
with a series of depressions and usually with ridges
dividing disc into several sections. Elytra broadly oval,
with deeply impressed striae each usually having a deep pit
at base. Procoxae projecting, their cavities usually
closed behind; metacoxae transverse, with well devel-
oped plates.
SYNOPSIS. There are 2 native species of derodontid in
New Zealand, both in genus Nothoderodontus of subfam-
ily LARICOBIINAE (Watt 1982a, Lawrence 1985, Lawrence
& Newton 1995).
Nothoderodontus gourlayi feeds on hyphae and conidia
of sooty moulds (Ascomycetes: Capnodiaceae and related
families) (Lawrence 1985). Specimens including larvae
have been taken in Nothofagus forest from sooty mould
growing on the honeydew excreted by a scale insect.
RANGE. North O, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. LARICOBIINAE - Nothoderodontus gourlayi
Crowson, 1959 (Fig. 170).
REMARKS. Derodontids are considered to be among the
most primitive of Polyphaga (Lawrence & Newton 1995).
Suggested colloquial name: sooty fungus beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Crowson (1959), Lawrence
(1985), Lawrence & Hlavac (1979).
Superfamily BOSTRICHOIDEA
The concept used here is after Lawrence & Britton (1991,
1994) and Lawrence & Newton (1995). The superfamily
comprises five very diverse families (Anobiidae, Bostri-
chidae, Dermestidae, Jacobsoniidae, and Nosodendridae),
all with 5-5-5-segmented tarsi. Lawrence & Newton
(1982) and Lawrence & Britton (1991, 1994) proposed
inclusion of the Dermestidae in Bostrichoidea on the basis
of modified cryptonephridism, similar aedeagal structures,
and lack of a basal mandibular mola in larvae. Ivie (1985)
added Nosodendridae to this superfamily on the grounds
of assumed secondary loss of cryptonephridism in both
Dermestidae and Nosodendridae. Lawrence & Britton
-39-
(1991, 1994) and Lawrence & Newton (1995) considered
their placement of Jacobsoniidae in Bostrichoidea to be a
tentative arrangement, as at present there is only weak
evidence of some similarity between the two groups in
aedeagal characters.
[32] Family JACOBSONIIDAE
Fig. 171
Length 0.7-2 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5 or
3-3-3 (appearing 2-2-2)
DIAGNOSIS. Body small to minute, elongate, reddish-
brown or brown, glossy, usually punctate, with (unique
character) metasternum at least as long as 5 visible
sternites combined, giving the appearance of hind legs
emerging near the end of the abdomen. Antennae with a
1-3-segmented club. Procoxae projecting, their cav-
ities usually open.
Of the two distinct groups in our fauna the first,
represented by a single species in genus Saphophagus, has
the body larger (length 1.9-2 mm) and tarsi 5-5-5-seg-
mented. The second comprises possibly three undes-
cribed native or introduced species in genus Derolathrus,
distinct by their minute body size (length 0.7-0.8 mm),
yellowish rust-brown colour, antennae appearing to have a
1-segmented club, head abruptly constricted behind
eyes to form short temples, oval pronotum, and narrowly
oval elytra, tapering distally.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) recorded 1 described native
species and 2 other species of jacobsoniid housed in
NZAC. These are grouped in 2 genera — Saphophagus,
with 1 native species known only from the South Island,
and Derolathrus, with 1 undescribed species (or possibly
3), collected in Omahuta State Forest, Northland, and on
Codfish Island and Rurima Island in the far south. Dero-
lathrines are also known from Norfolk Island, Lord Howe
Island, Christmas Island, and Australia (Lawrence &
Britton 1991, 1994, Löbl & Burckhardt 1988). Crowson
(1959) considers S. minutus to be one of the most remark-
able of New Zealand's endemic insects, possibly a relict
coeval with the tuatara, Sphenodon.
Adults of S. minutus occur under loose bark of dead
Nothofagus branches. Larvae of S. minutus described by
Crowson (1959) were found under moist and close-fitting
bark of dead Nothofagus or, in one instance, of pukatea
(Laurelia novae-zelandiae). Specimens of Derolathrus
were found in guano and in a nest of kiore, Rattus exulans.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Saphophagus minutus Sharp, 1886 (Fig.
171).
REMARKS .T h
et ax
onomi
cp o
si
tionofth
issmal
lfam
ily [3
4]
4
]F am
ilyDERMESTIDAE
isunce
rta
in(Lawrence&N ew
ton1 995
). F
ig
.1 7
3
Sugge
stedco
lloqui
aln
am e
:Jacobson
'sbe
etl
es.
Length 3-10 m m Tarsa
lfor mu
la 5-5-5
SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Crow
son(1959
),Löb
l& DIAGNOS IS .Bodycomp act
,u sual
lyrobu st,ob long ,
Bu
rckh
ard(1988
). el
lipt
i ca
l,o rb roadlyo vate,usual
l ybr ow nt obl ack,r are
ly
reddish-brown(T rich elod e
s)
,s om et
im esw ithp al esp o
ts,
slight
lytos trong lyg lo ssy,cloth edw i
thsho rto rlong ,
[33]Fami
lyNOSODENDR
IDAE erectord ecumb enth airsorsc a
l es
,th es eo f
t enfo rm ing
F
ig.172 patterns.H e add eflex edand mo reo rl esscon cealed
fromabov e,u su a
llyw itha m ediano ce l
lus.An t enn a
e
Leng
th4-7 mm Ta
rsa
lfo
rmu
la5
-5-
5
fili
fo rmo rpec tina te ,sho rtandc lubbed ,thec lub
DIAGNOS IS.Bodyb lack,ovo id,s tronglyconv ex, usu a
lly3 -segm en tedbu tsom etim es4 -8 -segm en ted;
glabrou so rw ithspa rselyd is
tribu tedsho rtb ri
stles, antenn aeo f
t enfittingin togroov esb elowe ith ers ideof
mod eratelytos trong lyglossy.H eadp rogn a
thou sand pronotum .Ey esmod er ate-s
izedtol arg eandp rotrud ing.
notret r
act abl
e;c lypeusnarrowbu tvisible
;m axi
l laeand Prono tumt ransve r se,na r
rowe rthane lyt ralba se,
prem entumc oncealedbeneathe n
large dm en
tum .A nt
e nn
a e som etim ess trong lyconv ex m edio -api cal
ly ,g ivinga
11 -
s egm ented,w i
tha3 - segm ent edtom en tos eclub . hump -ba ck edapp ear an celat
erally,u su allyw i
thsh a
rp
Prono tums t
rong lytransverse(Fig.118 )
.S cutellumt ri- latera
lm argin s(ab sentinT r
ichelodin i)
.P rocox aet rans
-
angul ar
,l arge.E lyt
r abroadlycu rvedl ate
rally,round ed verse,con ic alorg lobo seandu su a
llyp rojecting,th e
ir
posteriorly,w ithpun c
tateo rsetoses tr
iae.P rost e
rnum cav i
tiesopen ; me tacoxaeu suallyexcava tedfo r
withat r
iangu la rproce ssfitt
ingin to me sos ternal re c
eptiono ff emo ra(F ig .56)
.T arsals egm en tssimp le
.
cavity.P ro coxa etransverse,theirc avit
iesop en.L eg s
capab leoffo ldingintov entralcavit
i es
.T ar
s als egm ents SYNOPS IS.W at
t(1982 a)r epo rted11n ativeand6
s
imp l e. adv entiv esp ecieso fd e
rm estidinN ewZ ealand.Th ey
belongin7g en erar epres enting4sub fam il
i es —DER-
SYNOPS IS.W att(1982 a
)recorded2n at
iv esp e
ciesof MESTINAE ,TR INOD INAE ,ATTAGEN INAE,a ndMEGATOMINAE .
nosoden dr
idi nNewZ ealand,wherea
sH ud
s on(1934)and Sp ec
i eso fAnth reno c erus,An th renu s,A ttagenu s
,D er-
Endrödy -Young a(1989 )report
ed3sp ecies.Th e
reare2 mestes, andT rogod erm ae sp ecial
lya ree conom i cally
speciesre p
r e
sente di nNZAC ,Nosod
e ndr
o nze a
landi
cum impo rt ant,anda r er ep re
s ent edh e
r emo stlybyadv entive
andth esm alle
rN.o v a
tum . cosmopo litansp ecie s
.A c co rdingtoC row son(1959 )
A du
ltsar eenco unt e
redi n
frequen
tlyinsl
im ef
luxeso n nativeN ewZ e a
landsp eci esr epres enton ly2o fth e6
wou n
de dtrees,w her etheyp rob
ablyfeedo nb ac
ter
iaa nd sub f
am il
i e
sth ath er e cognis ed,T r
inod ina e(T riche
l o des)
productso fferm ent at
ion.Sp ec
im en
so fN.ov a
tumh a
ve andA nt hreninae(T ro gode rm a).K usch e
l( 1 990)reco rde d
beenc o
llectedfromu nderrot
tenbranches
,froml i
tte
r,and 8s pecie sfromt heA uc kl
a nda rea,m ostwit ha du
ltst ak en
onefromb atguano ;twosp ec
im ensofN.z e a
land
icum fromf l ow ers
.
weretakeni nalighttr ap
.N oh ab
ita
tdataforo urla
rvaeare Ing en eraladu ltd erm estid su su a
llyf e edonn ect aro r
avail
able,bu tLaw r ence &B rit
ton(1991,1994 )repor
ted pollen( e.g.,Anth renu s,T rogod e rm a
),t ho ughs om es pe-
larvaeo fA ust
ral
i a ns p
eciesliv
inginslimefl uxe
s. ciesar ek now nt ous et helar valf oods o u
rceso rd on ott ake
foo data l
l(B o othe ta l.1 99 0,L awre nce&B ri
tton1 99 1
,
19 94)
.L a
r vaea rep r
im ar
il ys c aven gers
,f ee d
i ngo nd ried
RANGE.Noth ®
r .SouthO,S
tewar
tO anim alr em a
i n
ss u cha sb on es,m eato rc a
rrio n
,h ide
s,f u
r s
,
K
ermad
ecsO,Th
reeKings ®.Chath
amsO,Snar
esO leathe r
,woo landwoo l
lenp rodu c
t s
,s i
lk,f eathers,d ried
A
uck
landsO
,Campbe
llO,A n
tip
odesO,B
ount
iesO ins e
cts,s piderw eb b
i ng,n estso fbirdsa ndm amm als,a nd
eve nw a sps
'n ests(R eesav esp ulae —W al
ler& W att1 97 9
),
EXAMPLE . No
sod
end
ronz
eal
and
icum Sh
arp
,1882
andsom ea reknownf roms to redg ra
in.Som esp ecie sof
(F
ig.1
72)
.
Trogod erm ac ansub sistp artlyo ren ti
relyonv eget able
mat
t e
r.L arvaeo fT rogod e
rm aw erer eporte db yCrow so n
REMARKS .Adult
so fNo sodendr
idaem ayb ereadi
ly (1959 )f romanumb ero fun sp e c
ified N ewZ e aland
di
st
ingui
shedfromtheex t
ernal
lysimi
l a
rBy r
rhidae[20] lo cal
i t
i es,inc aviti esandund erd ryb a rk
,m a
in lyo f
bythe
irprogn
athous(notret
ract
able
)h ead
,dist
inctcly
- Podo carp ace a
e,ande sp ec
i allyr imu(D acr ydiumc up res
-
peus
,andenla
rgedm entum. sinum ).
Sugg
estedco
lloqu
ialnam e
:w oundedtre
eb e
etl
es. Fo rco smopo li
tanp es
tsp eci eso fthisgroups eeBoo th
etal.( 1 99 0
),B ous quet( 19 90 )
,H arne y(1 993),a ndL aw-
SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Crow
son(1959
),End
rödy
- rence &B r
itton(1994 ). Adven tivespec ie sin New
Young
a(1989
). Zealandin c
lud eth ec arpe tb eetle
,An threnu sv erb asci,

— 0
4-
—-
larvae of which can seriously damage untreated woollen
carpets and garments; adults may be found on flowers in
spring. The Australian carpet beetle, Anthrenocerus aus-
tralis, has rather similar habits. The hide beetle, Dermestes
maculatus, can seriously damage hides and skins. When
ready to pupate, its larvae bore into wood or other dense
material, often causing damage to structural timbers.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings O, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. MEGATOMINAE - Trogoderma maestum
Broun, 1880 (Fig. 173).
REMARKS. An economically important group with
several serious pests of hides, wool products, museum
collections, and stored grain products. The dry exuviae
and spear-headed hairs of the larvae can cause asthma or
allergies.
Suggested colloquial name: hide beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Beal (1991), Crowson
(1959), Mroczkowski (1968), Peacock (1978, 1993).
[35] Family BOSTRICHIDAE
(incl. LYCTINAE)
Fig. 174-176
Length 3-7 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. There are three distinct morphological
types of bostrichid in our fauna.
The first type (Fig. 174), represented by the monotypic
genus Euderia (EUDERINAE), may be characterised as
follows. Body (except pronotum) elongate and slightly
flattened; dorsal surface with protuberances and
depressions, and covered with white and brown scales
forming a pattern. Antennae with a 3-segmented club,
consisting in males of long flabellate branches and in
females of shorter asymmetrical segments. Pronotum
narrow, irregularly cylindrical, as broad as head. Eyes
large, protruding. Elytra subparallel, nearly twice as
broad at base as pronotum, and with distinct shoulders.
Tarsi with basal segment as long as the following two
combined.
The second type (Fig. 175) is represented by mainly
introduced species of DINODERINAE (Dinoderus, Rhizo-
pertha), and may be characterised as follows. Body
cylindrical, similar to Scolytinae [82]. Head partially or
completely concealed from above by the hood-like
extended pronotum. Antennae with a 3-segmented
asymmetrical club. Pronotum with rasplike teeth at
front. Elytra often obliquely cut posteriorly, and
usually bearing spines or lateral teeth.
—41—
The third type (Fig. 176), represented by members of
the LYCTINAE, is distinguished as follows. Body elongate
but flattened. Head prognathous, visible from above.
Antennae with a compact 2-segmented club. Pronotum
approximately trapezoidal, broadest apically, with
distinct lateral carinae. Elytra subparallel, with par-
allel rows of hairs. Tarsi with basalmost 4 segments
equally short.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 1 native, 2 adventive,
and 1 undescribed species of bostrichid (including Lyc-
tinae) in New Zealand. Our current estimate indicates 8
species, in 4 genera and 3 subfamilies — DINODERINAE,
LYCTINAE, and EUDERINAE (see Remarks for details).
Euderia is represented by a single native species, and the
remaining genera by adventive pest species.
Adults of Euderia squamosa have been collected by
beating Nothofagus branches, and larvae have been found
in galleries in moist or sappy bark of dead or injured trees.
A detailed description of the bostrichid larva is provided
by Crowson (1961). Elsewhere, bostrichids are known to
bore into sapwood and bamboo.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. EUDERINAE - Euderia squamosa Broun,
1880 (Fig. 174); DINODERINAE - Dinoderus minutus
(Fabricius, 1775) (Fig. 175); LYCTINAE — Lyctus brunneus
(Stephens, 1829) (Fig. 176).
REMARKS. There are several unreported, probably
recently adventive species of Lyctinae and Bostrichinae in
NZAC which might become of economic importance to
the timber industry. Present holdings are: 1 species of
Euderiinae, Euderia squamosa (Fig. 174); 3 species of
Dinoderinae — Dinoderus minutus (pantropical pest of
bamboo and maize) (Fig. 175), Rhizopertha dominica (a
major economic pest in a variety of dried food products),
and one undetermined; and possibly 4 species of Lyctinae
—Lyctus brunneus, a cosmopolitan pest in a wide variety of
timbers (Fig. 176), L. planicollis, L. linearis, and one of
uncertain identity.
One of the most interesting bostrichid species in our
fauna is Euderia squamosa. According to Lesne (1934,
1938) it represents the most primitive surviving bostrichid
type. Crowson (1961) considers Euderia to be more
closely related to Bostrichinae than to any other group, and
to be regarded as a probable relict of a group from which
the Bostrichinae were derived. Euderia squamosa has also
some anobiid features (Crowson 1961), and was originally
placed by Broun (1880) in the Anobiidae [36].
For a key to subfamilies of bostrichid adults, see Crow-
son (1961).
 Sugg
est
edcol
loqu
ia
lname:tw
igb
ore
rbe
et
le
s(L
yc- Adultsa n dlarvaem ayb ef oundi ndeadtrees
, logs,or
t
ina
e —powd
erpos
tbee
t
les
)
. t
im ber,t ho ughs om espec
i esb oreintofurni
t u
re,or ga
nic
stor
e dp ro ducts
,f unga
lfruitingb odi
es,an ddri
e dorganic
SELECTEDREFERENCE
S.B
ain(
197
8)
,Crow
son mate
ria
lo fa nimala ndplanto r
i g
i n
.L arvaeareg enera
lly
(1
961
),Le
sne(
193
4)
. wooda ndb a
r kb ore
rs
,b ut
lar va
eo fD orcatominaefeedo n
woodyo rf ibr ousfun g
i
.L ar va
eo fP t
ininaeareg eneral
ly
foun di nd ryo rganicm at
e ri
alo fa n
im a
lo rpla n
to rig
in,
[
36]Fam i
lyANOBI
IDAE e
.g
.,
le
a
fl
it
te
r,ands
o m
eAus
tra
l
i
ansp
ec
ie
sa
rekno
wnto
(
inc
l
.PTININAE) occurinn estso fbirdsan dso cia
l insec
ts(L awren ce&
F
ig
.177,1 78 Br
itton1 9 91,1 994)
.S om ep t
ininesarew idespread,c o
s-
L
eng
th3 -9mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5 mopoli
t ansp ec
ie srecogniseda sm inorp estsofsto red
products
,w o o
lleng oods
,a n dbo okbindings(Bo o
t hetal
.
Ofa
tleast3di
stinc
ts ubfami
lie
sinN ewZ ealand
,th e 1990,B ous quet1 990
,H arney1 993)
.O neofthea dvent
ive
Pt
in
inaearere
a di
lydi
stingui
shab
leb ythe
irspider
-l
ike Europea np t
i n
ines inN ewZ ea
land,P t
inuste c
tus,i nfes
ts
appe
arance
.Pt
in in
aealsoh av
eapproximatedantenna
l storedfoo ds.H udson(1 93 4
)r eporteda dul
tso fsom e
inse
rtions
,lacklateralpronotalcar
inae,andh ave spec
iesc ollectedb yb e
at
ingf orestgrowth,am ongstkiek
ie
w
idel
ys epa
rat
ed m et
a coxae
.Incon t
rast mostAno - (Freycinetia ,a
) ndfromd r ytim berofh ouses(Anob ium
b
iina
eh aveahood edp rothor
ax,usual
lycomp lete
ly ruf
icorne,S tegobiumpan i ceum .I
) nN ewZ ea
lan dAno-
conc
ea
lingheadfroma bove
,andco n
t
i g
uousm eta
c o
xae
. b
iumpun ctatumm aycauses er
io usdam agetou n
treated
struc
t uraltimb ers
,ando c ca
sion al
lytof urni
t ur
e.Th e
DIAGNO SIS.Bo dyp a
leb rown,d a
r kb rown,orgrey
- sever
als pe c
iesr ecordedint heA uckl
a ndareabyK usche
l
ish
,u su a
l
l yelong a
teandc y
lindr
i cal
,som et
im e
so va
te (1990)w er ec o
llectedfromw a
llb oar
dso foldh om esand
(Anob iinae, Dorcatomina e
)o r.sp ider-l
ikeando ft
en sheds
,w oo da ndf o
l
iageofn a
tivean din
troduced t
reesa n
d
mul
ticoloured(P t
inin a
e)
,clo thedw i thd ecumbentor shrubs
,a ndl ea
flitt
er.
erec
th airso rw i
ths ca
les
,th eseo ftenfo rmingcolour
pat
terns(Ptininae
),r a
re
lya ppear
i ngg labrous
.H eadde- RANGE.Nor
thO,Sou
thO,S
tewa
rtO
f
l exedandu su a
llycon cealedf romabo ve(Fig.10)
. K
ermad
ecsO
,T h
reeKin
gsO
,C h
ath s ®
am .Sna
resO
Antenn ae9 -11-segm ented,fil
ifo rmandw ithouta A
uck
lan
dsO,Campbe
l
lO,Ant
ipod
es®.Boun
ti
esO
d
ist
in c
tc lub(P t
ininae)
,oru s ua
llys erra
t eorpect
inat
e,
w
itha3 -s
e gm entedclub,itss e
gm en t
sa symm etr
ica
l
, EXAMPLES. A N O BII NA E -Hadrobregmu smagnu
s
lengthened,an de xpanded.P ros
t e
rn umr edu
c e
d,oft
en (Dumbl
eton
,1941)(F ig
.177 );PTININAE- P
tinu
sspec
i-
deep
lye xcavate
,w i
t hcav
it
yc o nt
inuin gonm e
sost
ernum. os
usBr
oun,188
0(F ig.1 78)
.
Procox aeglobo seo rprojecting;m e
tacoxaeu sua
lly
cont
i g
u ous
,e xcavatedtoreceivef em oraa ndwithcoxa
l REMARK S
.A ccord
ingtoI v
ie(1985
)theAnob iidae
p
l a
tesinAnob iinae,notex cavatedandw i
thoutcoxal shou
ldb econs
ideredasasubf
amil
yofB o
st
rich
idae [
35]
.
p
latesinP t
i n
inae.A bdome nw ithu su a
ll
y5v entr
ite
s. Fo
rinform a
t
iono nthespec
iesofeconom
icimpo r
tance
se
eH int
o n(19
41),B o
otheta
l.(1990
),Bou
sq u
et(1 99
0)
,
SYNOP SIS
.T hew or
l dfaunaofa no b
iid
s(int hesenseof andHarney(1993)
.
Lawren ce&B r
itton1 991
,1 994)comp ri
sessom e180 Su
gg e
stedcol
lo qu
ia
ln ames
:borerbee
tl
es,furn
iture
generaw ithover2 000s p
ecies
;t he
irh i
g he
rc l
assif
ica
tion be
et
les(P
tinin
ae —s p
iderbee
t
les
).
requi
r esrevis
ion.Amo derns ubfam i
lyarrang ementis
prov
id edb yLawren c
e&N ewton(19 95
),an dak eytothe SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Españ
ol(1
976a
,b,19
79)
,
subfam i
liesofAnob i
i daeofth ewo rld(oldercon cept
, Ho
skin
g(19
76,1
978
f)
,Mil
l
igan(
1977,197
9a)
, Wh
ite
excl
u d
i ngP t
ini
dae)isp rovid
edb yW h
ite(1974). (19
74)
.
InN ewZ ea
lan dth e
rea r
e2 3n ativean d5adv ent
ive
nomin alsp ec
ieso fANOBIINAE andDORCATOMINAE ( o
ri
-
g
inal
ly inA nobi
idae)
,a nd5n at
ivea nd6adv en
tivespeci
es S
er
i e
sCUCU JIFORM IA
ofPTININAE (or
i g
in a
llyinP t
inidae)(W att1 982a)
;th e
se W
eh avefo
llowedtheconcep
tofL aw r
ence&B r
it
ton
be
lon gtosom e2 5g enera
.K u schel(19 90
)r ecorded9 (
19 9
1,1994)andLawre
nce&N ew t
o n(19
95)indef
in
ing
spec
ie so fA nob
iidaei nc
luding1p tininefromL ynf
iel
d, t
hisse
rie
s.A du
lt
sarecha
rac
ter
is
edb yaconeeye
s,cr
ypto
-
Auckland.Fi v
es peci
es in2g enerah aveb eenrecorded n
ep h
rid
ia
lM alp
igh
iantub
ule
s,l
ackoff u
nct
iona
ls p
ir
acl
es
fromt heK ermadecIslands
,withs om eextr
al
im i
talrec
ords o
na bdomin
alsegmen
t8,meta
coxa
en otexc
avat
e,abs
ence
fromN o
rfolkIs
landandL ordH oweIsland(Español o
fm etacox
alpla
tes
,redu
ct
i o
nofp regen
it
alsegment
s9
1979)
.P tinustetush
c asbeenrec o
rde df
r om theA uck
land an
d1 0,andtheformofthem a
legenit
al
ia
.L arv
aehave
Is
lan ds
,An t
ipo desIslands
,C ampb el
lI s
land,an dTh e m
anyprimi
tivepol
ypha
ganfea
tur
es;usua
ll
yt h
egale
aa n
d
Snares(W a
tt1962,1 971)
. l
acin
iaarefusedin
toasi
nglemal
a.

-42
-
Supe
rfamilyCLERO IDEA 24specie
si n10g e
nerai
se ndemicexceptf o
rt h
ea dven
tiv
e
Char
acter
isedb yadul
tsw i
thdo r
sumo fbod yu sua
lly sto
redp roduct
sp es
tTenebroides maur
itanicus
.
cove
redwithprotr
udingbr
ist
lyha
irs
,pro
ject
ingproc o
xae
, Mostspecie
so fTrogoss
itidaearepreda c
iousas l
arvae
and5-segmentedtars
iwithsegmentsof
t enlobed,and anda du
lt
s (Lawrence&B rit
ton1 991
,1 994)
,b utprobabl
y
la
rvaewithasi
n g
lepret
ars
alse
ta
,lackofm and
ibul
arm ol
a al
l(oratleas
ts ome)adul
tso fthetr
ibeR entoni
iniarenot
.
inal
lstages
,an dusual
lypreda
cioushab
it(L awrence& Thes
eu sua
llyo ccurinlea
flit
terofn a
tivef ore
sts,under
Br
it
ton1 991
,19 94
,L awrenc
e&N ewton1 9
9 5
).Larvae loosebark
,o ro nf
low e
rsofPinusradiata( onerecord
);at
us
ual
lyhaveaba s
alma nd
ibu
larp
r o
cessandap edu
n cu
la
te leas
ts omeo fthemf eedonp ol
l e
n(Cr owso n196 6
a)
.T he
se
taont h
em ala(Lawrenc
e&N ewton1995)
. sing
lek now nrentoni
inelarvaissuspectedtoo ccupyan
Akeytothefamil
iesofCle
roi
d e
a(adu
ltsandlarvae
)is arbo
re a
lha b
ita
t(C rowson1 966a)
.T herem a
i n
ings pe
cie
s
pro
videdbyC rowson(1964)
. wi
l
lp robab
l ybem ostcomm onu nde
rb arko fdeadtrees
.
Larvaeofm anysp eci
eso fLep idopteryx( formerl
ya s
Leper
ina)a r
ep redatorsinthish abita
t,ando ccurin
[3
7]F amilyTROGO S
SIT
IDAE asso
ciat
ionw it
h theadul
ts
.
(Inc
l
.PELTIDAE) Co
llect
ing:si
ftinglea
fli
ttera ndprocessingi
tt hrough
F
ig
.1 79
-1 81 Ber
lesefun ne
ls
,b eat
ingforestf o
l
iage,orp ick
in gadu
lts
fromu nde
rb ark
.K u
schel(1990)co
llec
te deigh
ts pec
iesof
L
ength0.6- 18mm Ta
rsa
lfo
rmu
la5
-5-
5 Ren
to n
iin
ae inA uck
land
,fr omv ege
tat
ion,d eca
yedw ood,
DIAGNO SIS
.W eh av ef ol
low e dt heclas
sificat
io np r
o- groundl
itt
er,an ds
tream-bedm os
s.
posedb yLaw rence&N ewton( 1 995).
Gen era
lch aracteristics:an t enn ae1 1-se gm ented, RANGE.N o
rth®,Sou
th®,S
tewa
rt
wi
tha loo se3-segm ent edcl ubsom et
im e sapp earing K
erma
decsO,Thre
eKing
s®,Cha
thams®
,Sna
resO
asymm et
rical
;p ro co xalc av
iti esop eno rclos ed;ab- A
uck
land
sO,C ampbe
l
lO,Ant
ipode
sO,Bo
unt
ie
sO
dom enw i
th5v isibles egm ents.T hreem a
i nb odyf orms
mayber ecognis
edi no urt rogossitidf auna
,a sf o
llow s
. EXAMPLE S
.RΕΝΤΟΝΙΙΝΑE- R
enton
idiumcos tiven
tr
is
Crowso
n,1 96
6(F .1
ig 79)
;LOPHOCATER1NAE-Grynoma
PROTOPELT INAE:b od ym ed ium -si
zed( len g
th2 .6
-4 regu
larisBroun,1886(F ig
.Ι80 )
;TROGOSSITINAE-
mm )
,o fn it
idulidfo rm ,b ro ad lyov a
l,subp ar a
llel Lep
idop
t e
ryxnig
rosp
ara (Wh
s i
t,1
e 846)(Fig.1
8 1)
.
media
lly,cov eredw ithlon gh airs
;an tenn aew itha
symm etr
ical
,o val
,3 -se gmen tedc lub;e lytrastron gly REMARK S
.T hehi ghe
rclas
sif
icat
i onofT rogossi
tid
aeis
punctateb utwitho uts tria
e. nots e
ttl
e d
.A nim por
tantst
epinclassi
fica
tio
no ft h
egrou p
RENTON INAE (
I Fig.179 )
:sm al
lto m inu teb e e
tles wast hee s
tab
lishm entb yCrows on(196 4
,19 66a)ofthe
(l
e ng
t h0.6-1mm )
,s uperfic
iallysim ila
rt oclam bid sbut tro goss
i t
idcomp le xwith
inth es uperfami
lyC leroi
d ea
.
readi
lyd i
st
in gu
ish ableb ythe lac ko fm e
t aco x
alp lat
es; Crow so n(1966x)recognis
edf amilyPelt
idaea shaving4
bod yo va
lton earlysph e
rical,s tron g
lycon v exand su bfamil
ies
,o fw h
ic hRenton
iinaew aserec
tedf or5N ew
g
lo ss
y,glabro u
so rw i
thsho rtan dsp ars
ep ubes cence
; Zealan dgenera.Su bse
q uen
tlyC rows on(197 0
)d iv
ided
co
l ourbrow ntobla cko rs om et
im espalere ddi
shb r own
; th etrog o
ss
it
i d
s(inab roadsense)i n
to3d i
stinctfami
lies
,
headb roadandd eflex ed;prono tumb road lyro unded d
is t
i ngu
i sh
ingt heP e
lt
idaea ndT rogossi
tidaeb ydif
fer-
anter
iorly
,w ithfron tan gle
sno tp roduced ;scutellum en cesint he
irm o
ut hp
arts
,thelattergrouph avingad u
lt
mod e
ratelylarge
. ma ndibleswi
t houtad ef
i n
it
em ola
rp artandt helacin
ia
LOPHOCATER INAE a n dTROGOSSITINAE (F i g
.1 80,1 81
): w
i thou tanap icalhoo k,and larvalm andiblesw i
tha
sm al
Ito m edium -s
i zedb eetl es(len g
th3 -18 mm ) d
iff er
e n
t la
cini
am andi
b u
lae
'a ndth em ax
il
larym alawith
sup erf
i c
iallysim ilartot en eb r
ion ids,bu tr eadily ap e duncul
ateseta
.T hecla
ss
ifica
tiono fTrogossi
tida
ea nd
di
stinguishableb y5 -5- 5-
se gm entedt a
r siando ther relat
io nsh
ipsof thehighert
a x
ao fC l
eroide
aa rediscu
ssed
character
s;bo dyb roa dlyton arrow lyo v
al;elytrao ft
en byB arron( 197 1
)andS l
ipinski( 1992)
.L aw rence&
subp aral
le
l,flatten edto mod eratelycon vex;upp e
r Br
itt on( 1
991,19 94
)m ergedthe3t rogossi
t
i dfam i
l
ieso f
surfacew ithsho rto rlon gh airs,b r
ist
l es,o rs cal
es, Crow so n(1970
) in
t othesing
lefam il
yT rogossi
tidae
.
of
tenb ico
loureda nds p ot
ted;c olo u
rb rown t oblackw i
th Sugge s
tedc o
lloq u
ia
ln am e
:c adel
leb ee
tles(pel
tines-
pa
lers pot
s( g
rey
ish,y el
l owish,et c
.),m oderatelyglossyto shieldb eet
le
s).
dul
l;h eadmod era
t e
l yn arrowandp rogn atho us
;p ro-
notumu su
allywithan terior
lyp ro ducedf rontan gles
. KEYTOSUBFAMIL
IESOFTROGO
SSIT
IDAE
OCCURR
INGINNEWZEALAND
SYNOP SIS
.Lawrence&N ew to n(199
5)recogniset rog- [Mod
if
iedf
romS
l
i p
ins
ki1
992
]
oss
it
idsa scomp r
is
in g9sub fam il
ies
,ofwh ich4a re
rep
resen
tedinN ewZ e
ala
nd-PROTOPELTINAE,RENTONIINAE, 1P
roco
xalc
avi
ti
ese
xte
rna
ll
yclos
ed
LOPHOCATER ,a
INAE ndTROGOSSITINAE.O
urfa u
nao fs om e .
.
.(Fig
.181
).
.TROGOSS
ITINAE

—
43—

—Procoxal cavities externally open
2(1) Protibia with 1 spur; antennal club markedly asym-
metrical ...(Fig. 180) .. LOPHOCATERINAE
—Protibia with 2 unequal spurs; antennal club sym-
metrical 3
...
3(2) Very convex and rounded, clambid-like; procoxal
cavities internally closed (Fig. 179) .. RENTONIINAE
...
—Never very convex and rounded, not clambid-like;
procoxal cavities internally open PROTOPELTINAE
...
SELECTED REFERENCES. Crowson (1964, 1966a,
1970), Foster (1991a), Slipinski (1992).
[38] Family CHAETOSOMATIDAE
Fig. 182
Length 7-14 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body rectangulate, at least 4x longer
than broad, subdepressed, coarsely punctate, glossy,
with exceptionally long and protruding hairs (often
longer than width of elytron). Head strongly prognathous,
with pronounced mandibles. Antennae 11-segmented,
uniform in width, about as long as forebody, the
segments bead-shaped. Eyes small but slightly protru-
ding. Pronotum subquadrate, in our fauna without setal
tufts; front angles pointing slightly anteriorly. Elytra
subparallel and elongate, with humeral angles acute
(Chaetosoma) or obtuse (Chaetosomodes), and with long-
itudinal rows of punctures. Scutellum oblong. Procoxae
globose and slightly transverse, their cavities open.
Legs with distinct trochanters. Tarsal segments simple.
Pygidium slightly exposed.
SYNOPSIS. Chaetosomatids are known to occur in New
Zealand and Madagascar (Ekis & Menier 1980). There are
2 endemic genera in New Zealand, Chaetosoma with 1
described species and 2 undescribed (NZAC) and Chaeto-
somodes with 1 described species.
Adults and larvae may be found under bark of dead
trees, logs, etc., where they feed on other wood-boring
insects. The larva of Chaetosoma scaritides inhabits bur-
rows in Nothofagus and other trees.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Chaetosoma scaritides Westwood, 1851
(Fig. 182).
REMARKS. Their present widely disjunct distribution
suggests that chaetosomatids are an old group of Gond-
wana origin.
–44–
Suggested colloquial name: southern cadelle beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Watt (1979b).
[39] Family CLERIDAE
Fig. 183, 184
Length 5-20 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5,
appearing 4-4-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body elongate, usually subparallel, often
subcylindrical, with dorsal surface usually coarsely
punctate. Coloration dark to pale brown, black, violet,
yellow, often spotted with yellow or pale brown, rarely
multicoloured, often with a metallic tinge. Setation of
variable length, short and decumbent or long and erect,
uniformly brown or yellow, and often forming a colour
pattern. Head slightly deflexed, usually insignificantly
broader than pronotum. Antennae short, sawtoothed or
filiform, most often with a 3-segmented club consisting
of elongate and often asym-metrical segments. Eyes large,
often protruding, slightly to strongly emarginate.
Labial palps with terminal segment often enlarged. Pro-
notum usually narrower than elytral base (exception:
Necrobia), broadest medially and of equal width basally
and apically, usually without lateral carinae (with carinae
in Metaxina). Elytra subparallel, pear -shaped or grad-
ually broadening apically (exception: abbreviated in
Paupris), irregularly and more or less coarsely punctate.
Procoxae projecting, their cavities open or closed. Legs
long. Mesotrochanters oblique (Fig. 58). Tarsi usually
with 1 or 2 segments lobed (simple in Metaxina); basal
segments sometimes reduced. Abdomen with 5 or 6
ventrites.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 37 native and 2
adventive species of clerid in New Zealand. These rep-
resent some 8 genera in 6 subfamilies – THANOCLERINAE,
PHYLLOBAENINAE, CLERINAE, ENOPLIINAE, TARSOSTENINAE,
and KORYNETINAE. Phymatophaea is the largest New
Zealand genus, containing the majority of species. Our
endemic genus Metaxina is the most divergent, and there is
some confusion as to its phylogenetic affiliations; it
probably represents a primitive lineage, and may be
considered a relict in the New Zealand fauna (Crowson
1964). Kuschel (1990) collected 5 clerid species in Auck-
land, including the 2 adventive ones.
Adults of many New Zealand native species are
commonly found on flowers and leaves in sunny locations,
where they prey on other insects. The predominant habitat
of larvae is dead wood, and their food consists of larvae of
woodborers such as Anobiidae, Bostrichidae, Buprestidae,
Cerambycidae, or Scolytinae (Crowson 1964). The cos-
mopolitan species Necrobia ruficollis and N. rufipes occur
on carrion and stored products of animal origin, and have
been reported as feeding on a cargo of copra (Watt 1975).
 Col
le
ct
ing
:net
t
inga
dul
tsi
nfl
igh
t
,sweep
ingve
geta
t
ion REMARK S
.Fo rakeytoth
eadul
tsofa
lld
esc
rib
ed
p
art
icu
la
rl
ywheninf
lowe
r,ands
if
tin
gbarkandfo
res
t sp
ec
ie
sofPhyco
sec
i,s
s e
eCrows
on(19
64)
.
d
ebr
isfo
rla
rva
e. Sug
ges
tedcol
loq
uia
lname
:bea
chbee
tl
es
.

RANGE.N o
rth®
,South®,Stewa
rt SELECTEDREFERENCE
S.C
row
son(
196
4)
,Wa
tt
Ke
rmadec
s®,T h
reeKin
gs®,C ha
thams®
,Snars O
e (1
975
,198
3a)
.
A
uck
lan
dsO,Campbe
l
lO ,An
t
ip o
desO,Bo
unt
ie
s O
EXAMPLES . THANEROCLER
INAE- M
etaxinao
rnataB
roun
, [41
]F amily MELYR IDAE
1909(F .1
ig 83)
;ΕNOΡLIINΑE-Phyma topha
e avio
lac
ea (
als
oa sDASYTIDAE)
(F
abri
cius
,1775)(Fig.184)
. F
ig
.18 6
REMARK S
.Ag ene
rickeytoadu
ltsandla
rvaeofNew L
ength2.5-6mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5
Zea
landtax
aisprov
idedbyC r
owson(1964)
,withakey DIAGNO S
I S.B odys o
ft
,o bl ongt on a
rrowlyel o ng
ate,
tothesubfami
l
iesofadul
tC l
er
idae.Forcosmopol
it
an dorsal
l yflat
t ened,u sua
llyw ithd ecumb enth airsand
spe
cie
so feco
nomicimport
ance
,seeBootheta
l.(1990
)
. oft
enw ithadd itionalscatterede rectsetae,un iformly
Sug
g e
ste
dc o
l
loqu
ialname:che
ckere
db ee
t
les
. dark-colo u
re dinb lack
,g rey
,b rown ,g reeni
sh,o rb lue
,
of
te nw i
t ham eta
ll
ictinge,us ua
llyglossy;d o
rsals ur
face
SELECTEDREFERENCE
S.C
row
son(
196
4)
,Fo
ste
r offorebod ysom et
im esw i
thm esh edm icrosc u
lp ture
.
(1
991b
)
. Heado f
tend epressed m ed
i al
ly,no to rs c
arcelyro st-
rate
,u s ua
llycomp arableins iz
etop rono tum.L abrum
we
llscleroti
se d
;s egme n
tso fm ax
illaryp a
lpn ote n
l a
rged.
[
40]Fam
ilyPHYCO
SEC
IDAE Antenn aeu sual
lyfili
form,w itho utac lub.E yesen t
ire,
F
ig
.185 mod e
r ate
ly large
,s li
ghtlyp rotrudin g
.P rono tumd is-
L
eng
th2.5
-3mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5 t
i nc
tlyn arrow ert hanely
tralb a
s e(sl
ig h
tlybr oadert han
w
i d
tho felytron),o f
tenb road e
sta tm iddle
,o ftenw ith
DIAGNO SIS
.Bo dyelonga
teo va
l,convex
,v ar
iablein depre ss
ion s.E l y
traen tir
el ycov eringabdom eno r
colour,mo s
tlyd ul
Ib lack
,b u
tw i
thmo stofp ronotum s
lightlysho rter
,e xpo s
ingab dom inalap ex
,s ubp ara
lle
l
andh eadb ear
in gwh it
ishs ca
les
.H eadp rognathous
, andr ou ndedp oster
ior
lyo rgra d
u a
llyb roaden
i ngt oward
s
part
ial
lycon cea
ledb ys emic
ircul
aranter
io rm arg
inof apex.P ro co xaep ro
j ec
ting,th e
irc a v
it
ie sop en.L egs
pro no
tum ,w i
th2a ngula
rpr o
ject
ionsbetweene yeand lon gands lend er
.T ar
sals egm en tssimp le
;t erm ina
l
baseo fan tenna.An tennaeapp ear
ing1 0
-segm ented
, segm entsb e a
rin gclaw su sual
l yw ith m emb r anous
witha1 -segm entedc lub(cluba c
tual
lyapp ea
rs2 - appen dages
.A bd ome nwith6v e nt
rites
.
se gment ed)
.P rono tumho rse
sho e
-shapedino utl
ine
,
w
ithf rontan glesstronglyproducedanter
iorly
.E ly
tra SYNOP SIS.W a
tt(1982a
)rep o
rted3 3nati
ves pec
i esof
ov a
l,wi thsp arselydistr
ibutedthickb r
ist
le s
.H ind melyr
idin N ewZ eal
and,al
l insub family DASYTINAE.
win g
sab sent
.P rocox aetransverse
,th e
irc avit
ies Thereare3d e
scr
ibedgene
raa nd1u nd e
scr
ibede ndem i
c
c
lo sed.T ib
iaesp inose.Tarsa
lsegm en
tssimpl e
.M eta
- gen u
s. Mostspec
iesbelongin`Da syte
s'orinA rthra
-
sternums h
ort
.A bdom enwi
th5v ent
ri
tes
. canthu,t
s h
esta
tusofw h
ichisn o
tc l
ear.
A du
l
tsa r
em ai
nlyherbi
voro u
s,a ndm aybefo un don
SYNOP SIS
.P h
ycosec
idsareknownfromN ewZ ea
land
, f
l ower
in gshrub
s,w he
retheyfee do npol
len.Lar vaeof
NewC aledoni
a,V anuatu
,andA u
str
al
ia(Lawrence& NewZ ea
la n
ds p
ec
i e
so c
curin
le a
flit
ter
,ind eadt
ree-fern
New
t on1 9
9 5
)
.T hefami
lyc ompr
ise
so n
lyasing
legenu
s, rachid
es
,a ndunderbar
k(Crow s
o n1964)
.K usche
l( 1990)
Phycos
e c
i,w
s i
th1s pec
ie
so cc
urr
inginNewZ eal
andand col
l e
ctedsevensp e
cie
sinA u c
kland,fromv egetation,
3othersreport
edf romA ust
ra
lia(Lawrenc
e&B r
it
ton f
l owers
,a ndus
ingaM ala
is
etrap.
1991,1994,W a
tt1 982
a,b,1983a)
.
Adul
tsa ndla
rvaeofP .l
imb a
taarecomm ononsand
y RANGE.N o
rth®
,South®,S
tew
ar
t
bea
ch e
sandco as
taldun e
s.Bothfeedonsm a
l
lb e
ach K
ermad
ecsO,Th
reeKin
gs®,Cha
th s ®
am .Snar
esO
ar
thropods,andarefre
quent
lyseenindeadf
ishorbi
rds
. A
uck
lan
dsO,Campbe
l
lO ,An
t
ipod
esO,Bo
unt
ie
sO
RANGE.No
rth®,So
uth®,S
tewa
rt®? EXAMPLE
.DASYTINAE- `Da
syt
es'sub
cyan
eusB
rou
n,
Ke
rmade
cs®
,T hr
eeKin
gsO,Cha
thams®
,Sn
are
s O Ι88
0(F
ig
.186
)
.
A
uck
lan
dsO
,C ampb
el
lO,Ant
ipod
esO,B
oun
t
iesO
REMARKS.Maj
er(19
94)p
ropo
sedanewfam
ily
-gr
oup
EXAMPLE
.Phyco
sec
isl
imb
ata(F
abr
ic
ius
,17
81)(F
ig
. c
la
ss
if
ica
ti
onofM e
ly
rid
aeandr
el
ate
dfami
l
ies
,base
do n
18
5)
. c
lad
is
ti
cana
ly
si
s,
i nwh
ichf
ormerDas
yt
ina
ear
eelev
ate
d

— 45—
to family rank. The group is badly in need of revision.
Suggested colloquial name: flower beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Crowson (1964), Foster &
Lawrence (1991), Majer (1994).
Superfamily CUCUJOIDEA (CLAVICORNIA)
The group concept and family arrangement used here is
similar to that of Pakaluk et al. (1994), Lawrence &
Britton (1994), and Lawrence & Newton (1995). The
family name Lathridiidae is replaced by its older synonym
Corticariidae. Members of Cucujoidea are characterised
by females having a tarsal formula other than 5-5-4,
distinctive male genital configuration, and larvae approx-
imately cylindrical, with a pygopod-like 10th abdominal
segment (Lawrence & Britton 1994). Adults are generally
small, and most have clubbed antennae.
[42] Family NITIDULIDAE
Fig. 187
Length 2-6 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body narrowly to broadly oval, or
narrowly subparallel (Brachypeplus), moderately con-
vex to flattened, glossy to matt (Soronia), glabrous or
with short and sparse pubescence, or with bristles
(Soronia), smooth or with tubercles (Soronia). Coloration
brown to black, or pale brown; elytra and often pro-
notum with yellowish spots. Head usually abruptly
constricted at base of clypeus and behind eyes; fronto-
clypeal suture almost always absent. Antennae with an
abrupt, usually 3-segmented, ball-like club (Fig. 23).
Lacinia usually without a galea. Mandibles often project-
ing. Pronotum transverse, often emarginated apically,
with anterior angles often projecting. Elytra usually
short, exposing pygidium and some tergites or entirely
covering abdomen (e.g., Platipidia), rounded apically,
truncate, or split with apices sinuate (some Epurea).
Procoxae transverse, with exposed trochantins, their
cavities open or close behind. Tibiae often expanded and
spinose. Tarsal segments 1-3 usually lobed, and
segment 4 sometimes reduced.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) recorded 20 native and 8
adventive species of nitidulid in New Zealand. We
recognise 21 native and 11 adventive species (not all
necessarily described) in NZAC, assigned to some 12
genera in 4 subfamilies — CARPOPHILINAE, NITIDULINAE,
CILLAEINAE, and CRYPTARCHINAE. For subfamily classifi-
cation see also Kirejtshuk (1986, 1990). The cosmopolitan
genus Carpophilus contains several species of field and
stored products pests.
Adults are found in a diverse range of habitats,
including forest growth, flowers, wounds in trees with
—46—
dripping sap, vegetable debris, fermented fruits, on fungi,
and in stems of dead fronds of tree ferns. Many species are
known to feed on sap and fermented juices. Kuschel
(1990) recorded 16 species in 8 genera from Auckland,
from fermenting fruits and vegetables, garden litter, lawn
clippings, old logs, trunks of puriri (Vitex lucens) with
sap, dry carrion, and sooty mould on manuka (Lepto-
spermum scoparium). Introduced Carpophilus species
occur in fallen fruits in orchards, and may transmit yeasts
causing fruit degradation.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings O, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. NITIDULINAE - Platipidia asperella Broun,
1893 (Fig. 187).
REMARKS. This family is very poorly known in New
Zealand, and is in need of revision.
Suggested colloquial name: sap beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Dobson (1993), Kirejtshuk
(1990), Pakaluk et al. (1994).
[43] Family MONOTOMIDAE
Fig. 188, 189
Length 2-6 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
or 5-5-4 (males)
DIAGNOSIS. Body narrowly oval and moderately
convex (Monotoma) to elongate, subparallel and sub-
cylindrical (Lenax), nearly glabrous with some vestigial
pubescence to scarcely and finely pubescent. Head
abruptly constricted behind eyes, forming distinct
temples; frontoclypeal suture absent. Antennae ap-
pearing 10-segmented, and antennal club appearing
2-segmented with a distinct seam between club seg-
ments (club actually might be 1-segmented with 2 distinct
areas). Eyes coarsely faceted. Pronotum elongate, with
anterior angles more or less produced and lateral carinae
distinct. Elytra shortened, exposing at least 2 distal
segments (Monotoma) or only the pygidium (Lenax), with
punctate striae or ridges. Procoxae globose and separate,
their cavities closed. Tarsi with the last segment en-
larged, as long as remaining segments combined. First
ventrite as long as the next 2 combined.
SYNOPSIS. New Zealand has a single native monotomid,
Lenax mirandus, and 5 adventive European species of
Monotoma (Watt 1982a), all in subfamily MONOTOMINAE.
The native species, originally found in Peel Forest,
Canterbury, has since been recorded from native forests
on both main islands. Adults of Monotoma have been
collected mainly in the Nelson and Auckland areas.
Kusche
l(1990)reco rded4sp ec
ieso f Monotom af rom explanat
e,w i
thlat
eralm argin
scomplet
e.Elytr
ab road
Auck
land. basal
ly,tap er
ingposterior
ly,w i
thsidessl
ight
lyex -
Adul
tsofL enax m i
randush aveb eencolle
ctedfrom planat
e.H indwingsabsent
.L eg
slong
.T a
r s
alsegments
underbarkofd eadt ree
so fNothofagu sfu
scus andN . simple
.P r o
coxaebroad
l ysepara
ted(Fig
.5 5
)andglob-
menz
ies
ii
, andind eadwoodand /orPlatypustunn e
lsin u
l ar
,theircavi
tie
sop en
.
heke
tara(Olear
iar ani)
.Adul
tsofMono tomaspini
coll
is
intheA u
ckl
andar eaw er
efoundi nmix edcom po
st
,law n SYNOPS IS
.Twosub famili
eso c
curinN ewZ ea
land,
cl
ippings
,g a
rdenl itt
er,hen-houses tr aw
,andsh e
ep eachre p
resen
tedb yasi ng
legenusandspe
cies.Adul
tsand
she
lte
rsinapaddo ck(Ku s
chel1990). larvaeo fAgapythofov ei
coll
is (AGAPYTH INAE)l
ivei
na
blacksootym ou
l dwhic hgrowsonthehon
ey dewexcre
ted
RANGE.Noth®
r ,South®,St
ew a
rtΟ bys ca
leinsec
tso nthetrunksofbee
chtree
s(N o
thofagu
s)
,
K
ermad
ecsO
,ThreeKingsO
,Ch ath
am sO,Snar
esO orin mo ssandl ea
fl i
tter
.Tho seofPria
silphaobscura
A
uck
land
sO,Campb
el
lO ,An
tip
odesO ,Bo
unt
ies O (PRIAS
ILPH )o
INAE ccu
ri nlea
flit
tero
fb e
echf or
est
s.

EXAMPLES .MONOTOMINAE- Lenax m

irandu
sS h
arp
, RANGE
.Nor
th®,S
out
h®,St
ewa
rtO
1877(F
ig.188
),Mono
tomaspin
icol
lisAubé,1857(Fig
. K
ermad
ecsO,ThreeKingsO,Chath
am sO,Sna
resO
189
). A
uck
land
sO ,Campbe
llO,Ant
ipod
esO ,Boun
tiesO

REMARKS
.Sugg
est
edco
lloqu
ialn
ame
:non
e. EXAMPLES.AGAPYTHINAE —Αgapy
thofove
icol
lsB
i ro
un,
1921(F
ig.190);PRIASILPHINAE- P
ria
silphaobscu
ra
SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Ku
sch
el(1979
),P
aka
luke
t B
roun
,1886(F
ig.191
).
a
l.(19
94)
.
REMARKS .Th esta
tusofPhloeos
tich
idaeisunse
ttl
ed.
SenGupta &Crowson(1969b)redef
inedtheconcep
to f
[44
]Fam
ilyPHLOEOST
ICH
IDAE thefam
ily
,dis
cussedla
rva
lc ha
ract
eris
ti
cs,andpr
ovideda
(=PR
IAS
ILPH
IDAE
)
keyt
othesubf
am i
lie
s.
F
ig.190
,191 Sugg
est
edcol
l o
quia
lnam e
:b a
rkrowb eet
les
.
L
ength3-5 mm T
ars
alformu
la5-
5-5
or(ma
les
)5-5
-4 KEYTOSUBFAM ILIESOFPHLOEOST ICH IDAE
KNOWNFROMNEWZEALAND
Adive
rseass
emblageo fpr
imit
ivecucujo
ids
,whichm ay
bevar
ious
lyrea
rran
ge daf
teradeq
uaterev
is
ion
.P ak
alke
u t W
inged
,w ithm etas
ternumn otv erys ho
rtan dm etacoxae
a
l.(1994)andL awr
en ce &Newton(1995)l
ist
ed6sub- narrow lyseparated;protroch an
terp a
rtlyo ccluded;
fami
lieso
fPhloeos
tichid
aeinthewo r
ldfauna
.TheN ew headw it haw eakpostocularc ons
tr
ict
i on
Zea
landfaun
ab e
longsto2s u
bfamil
ies
,asfol
lows. ..
.(F ig.190)..AGAPYTHINAE
—A
pterous,w i
thm etas
ter
n umv erys ho
rta ndm etacoxae
DIAGNOS IS.AGAPYTHINAE (F ig.1 90)
:s uperf
icial
l ysim - widelys epa
rated;prot
ro chanterful
lyexpo sed;h ead
ila rtosa lp ing id s
,bu tdi s
tingu isheda sfo l
low s.B od y wit
h outap ost
o cu
larco n
stric
tio n
na rrow,m od erat e
lyc onvex.H eadw ithad i
stinctn eck, ...(Fig.191)..PRIASILPHINAE
ne ar
lya sb roada sm a x
im umw id
t hofp ron o
t um.C lyp eu s
la rge.An tenna eb ead -l
ik e,w ithaw eak lyd efin ed3 - SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Crowson(1973
),P
aka
luk
segm entedc lub .Ey espro trud ing.P rono tums ligh tly e
ta.(
l 1994
),S
enGup
ta&Crowso
n( 1
969b)
.
na rrow erthane lyt ra,withla teralca rinain comp let e
an terior
ly ,bro ad es
ta tm iddl ea ndw i
th2d eepfo vea eo n
eithersid eofb ase.El ytrao val,inou tl
in e,thesh ou lde rs [45]Fami
lySILVAN
IDAE
slightlyp rodu ceda nter
iorly,w ith2o b
li qued epressio ns F
i g
.192
,193
ba sa
lly.Hindw ing sp resen .S
t c u
tel
l umt ransv e
rse.P ro-
Leng
th2.5
-9 mm T
ars
alform
ula5-
5-5
,
coxa es epa rated,s l
igh tlyg lobo seandt ran sverse.L egs a
ppea
ring4
-4-
4
long .Tars a
ls egm ent ssimp le.
PRIAS
ILPH INAE( F
ig .191 ):sup e
rfic
i a
llys im i
la rtos il
- DIAGNOS IS
.Bodysma l
lto m edium -s
ized,narrowly
ph idsandagy rtids,bu tdi s
tingu isheda sfo l
low s.B od y elongateandsubpa ra
llel
,s l
ightlyflattenedtow eakly
broad lyova lands ligh t
lyd epressed.H eadsma ll,pa r- conv ex
,modera
telyglossyto m a
tt
,w i
thin consp
icuou s
tiallyr etractab lein top rono tum ,w ithou tanappa rent sho r
t,decumb entpub escen ce
.Co lourbrowno rru st
ne ck,st rong lyna r row e rthan max imump rono ta l brow n
.Headprognathou s
,ab rupt
l yconstr
ictedposte
r -
width.An tenn aew i
thad istinct3 -segm en t
edc lub.E yes io r
lytoformtemples.An tennaeu sual
ly1 1-
segmented,
protruding.P ron otums tron glytrans verseandl ate ral
l y without(nat
ivespec
ies,Fig.1 9
2)o rw i
tha3 -segmented

—
47—
club (introduced species, Fig. 193); insertions often
hidden from above by sides of frons. Eyes distinct,
coarsely faceted. Pronotum usually elongate (transverse
in Ahasverus), and often with projecting front angles
and/or dentate or crenulate lateral margins; disc
sometimes with longitudinal depressions. Elytra sub-
parallel, broader than pronotum and with distinct
shoulders, usually striately punctate. Procoxae small,
globose, narrowly separated and open or closed. Tarsal
segment 3 bilobed (exception: Brontinae), and segment 4
usually small, giving the impression of pseudotetramerous
segmentation.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) included silvanids as a subfam-
ily of Cucujidae [46], and reported the number of nominal
species as 6 native and 6 adventive. Following Pakaluk et
al. (1994) and Lawrence & Newton (1995) we recognise
silvanids and cucujids as distinct families, and find 7
native and 5 adventive silvanids represented in NZAC. In
New Zealand, silvanids are represented by 2 subfamilies,
BRONTINAE and SILVANINAE, each with 4 genera.
Our species of Brontinae live under bark of dead native
trees or sometimes pine trees, or in leaf litter. Adults and
larvae of Cryptamorpha brevicornis often occur together
under loose bark of dead trees and in the base of dead,
fallen leaves of nikau palm (Rhopalostylis sapida).
Silvanids are known to feed primarily on dead plant
material and fungi, but our adventive species are stored
products pests. For instance, the cosmopolitan Ahasverus
advena is found frequently in stored grain, nuts, and
beans, where it feeds on moulds and plant debris, and
Oryzaephilus surinamensis is an economically important
pest of cereals, dried fruits, and oilseeds. Adults of
Nausibius clavicornis were introduced with Australian
raisins. For details on the economically important silvanid
species, see Booth et al. (1990), Bousquet (1990), and
Harney (1993).
Brontines may be collected by picking specimens from
under bark, by sifting forest litter and processing it through
Berlese funnels, or using pitfall traps in native beech or
kauri forests. For collection details of silvanid species
occurring in Auckland, see Kuschel (1990).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. ΒRONTINAE - Brontopriscus pleuralis
(Sharp, 1877) (Fig. 192); SILVANINAE - Oryzaephilus
surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 193).
REMARKS. Halstead (1973, 1980) revised the genera
Silvanus and Oryzaephilus, and discussed biologically
important species. Lefkovitch (1961) proposed a classi-
fication of genera in the two New Zealand families
—48—
differing from that of Lawrence & Britton (1994) and
Lawrence & Newton (1995).
Silvanid beetles are often confused with Cucujidae/
Laemophloeidae [46, 47], and are sometimes regarded as
a subfamily of that group (e.g., Watt 1982a). Couplet I2 of
the `quick' key should be helpful to separate them.
Suggested colloquial name: none.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Halstead (1973, 1980),
Lefkovitch (1961), Pakaluk et al. (1994), Thomas (1984).
[46] Family CUCUJIDAE
Fig. 194
Length 15-20 mm
Tarsal formula 5-5-5
or 5-5-4 (males)
DIAGNOSIS. Body elongate-oval, subparallel, strongly
flattened, glabrous and moderately glossy. Head large,
slightly broader than pronotum; labrum concealed.
Antennae 11-segmented, moniliform; basal segment
broadly elongate, 2nd segment small and beadshaped,
3rd one narrowly elongate and the longest, 7th and 8th
slightly elongate, and 3 terminal segments beadshaped,
giving the impression of a weak club. Eyes small but
slightly protruding. Pronotum transverse, with serrate,
distinct lateral carinae; front angles slightly produced
anteriorly. Elytra completely covering abdomen, sub-
parallel in basal two-thirds, with scarcely visible striae
and with complete lateral carinae. Procoxae globose,
broadly separated by prosternal process, with cavities
open; mesocoxae globose, broadly separate and open;
metacoxae transverse, separated apically but in contact
basally.
SYNOPSIS. Cucujids are represented in New Zealand
only by an undescribed species of Platisus endemic to the
Three Kings Islands, first recorded by Watt (1986). Most
specimens were collected in November and February from
under bark of kanuka (Kunzea ericoides), especially large
old trees near mixed forest remnants.
RANGE. North O, South O, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Platisus sp. (Fig. 194).
REMARKS. This unique species from the Three Kings is
the only representative of the family Cucujidae in New
Zealand. According to Watt (1986), representatives of
Platisus probably once occurred on the New Zealand
mainland, and survived glacial climates only in the north
on the relatively mildly affected Three Kings, becoming
extinct on the mainland. Several species of Platisus are
known from eastern Australia (Lawrence & Britton 1994).
In the past, members of the Silvanidae [45] and Laemo-
phloeidae [47] were erroneously treated as cucujids.
Suggested colloquial name: flat beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Pakaluk et al. (1994), Watt
(1986).
[47] Family LAEMOPHLOEIDAE
Fig. 195
Length 1.8-3 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
or (males) 5-5-4
Includes all the smaller, flattened cucujoids with submar-
ginal carinae on the pronotum.
DIAGNOSIS. Body narrowly elongate, strongly flat-
tened, glabrous or with fine and sparse pubescence,
dark brown to yellowish or reddish-brown, moderately to
densely punctate. Head flat, as broad as pronotum or
slightly narrower. Labrum concealed. Antennae 11-
segmented, moniliform, without a distinct club; males
with various modifications of the scape, in Microbrontes
taking the form of a mesally directed horn or process.
Eyes small. Pronotum with a sublateral carina on either
side; anterior angles often acute. Elytra usually completely
covering abdomen, striate or striate-punctate. Procoxae
transverse, globose, their cavities open or closed;
mesocoxae globose, broadly separate, open; metacoxae
transverse, broadly separate. Legs with femora swollen.
SYNOPSIS. In New Zealand, laemophloeids are represen-
ted by 3 adventive cosmopolitan species of Cryptolestes, 2
native species (1 undescribed) in Microbrontes, and a
third, apparently undescribed and tentatively assigned to
Notolaemus. Microbrontes lineatus is known from several
localities in the North Island and from the Three Kings.
Adults of Cryptolestes pusilloides have been collected in
Auckland, and adults of C. ferrugineus are known from
several widespread localities.
Most laemophloeids usually feed on moulds or on the
spores and stromata of ascomycete fungi (Lawrence &
Britton 1994), and live under bark of trees, but species of
Cryptolestes are pests of stored products – see Booth et al.
(1990), Bousquet (1990), and Harney (1993). Adults of
Microbrontes lineatus have been collected from ferns at
night, dead twigs of pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa),
and nests of Turdus sp. Cryptolestes pusilloides is known
from stored maize and wheat, and an adult specimen was
collected in winter from a starling (Sturnus vulgaris) nest
in a bird box; C. ferrugineus has been found in stored
cereals, prunes, garlic cloves, and a drying kiln.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings ®, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
49-
-49.-
EXAMPLE.
EXAMPLE. Microbrontes lineatus (Broun, 1893) (Fig.
195).
REMARKS. Thomas (1995) recognised Microbrontes,
Cryptolestes, and Placonotus—males of which possess
various modifications to the antennal scape—as members
of family Laemophloeidae (Cucujidae in a broad sense).
Pakaluk et al. (1994), Lawrence & Britton (1994), and
Lawrence & Newton (1995) recognised Cucujidae and
Laemophloeidae as distinct families.
Suggested colloquial name: none.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Lefkovitch (1958, 1961),
Pakaluk et al. (1994).
[48] Family PHALACRIDAE
Fig. 196
Length 2-3 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5 or 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body small, approximately hemispher-
ical, flat ventrally, variably punctate, at x40 magnification
appearing glabrous, strongly glossy, red-brown or
dark brown to black, with a metallic sheen; appendages
paler and usually reddish-brown. Head short, broad,
deeply inserted under anterior pronotal margin.
Mandibles moderately large. Antennae 11-segmented,
with a large 3-segmented club. Pronotum strongly
transverse and emarginate apically; posterior angles
tightly join-ing angular humeri of elytra in lateral view,
with lateral narrow portion of pronotum and elytra
explanate. Scutellum Iarge and more or less triangular.
Elytra broadly rounded. Procoxae convex and trans-
verse, their cavities open. Tarsi 5-5-5-segmented in
both sexes, with the 4th segment reduced and the 3rd
lobed (Phalacrus), or 5-5-5 in females or 5-5-4 in males,
with the 4th segment normally developed and the 3rd not
lobed (Cyclaxyra).
SYNOPSIS. There are 2 native phalacrids in New Zea-
land, with possibly a third undescribed, all in the endemic
subfamily CYCLAXYRINAE, and an adventive Australian
subspecies in PHALACRINAE, known from Auckland and
Rotorua (Kuschel 1990, Thompson & Marshall 1980).
Cyclaxyra impressa ranges from the Nelson area to the
Muttonbird (Titi) Islands off Stewart Island; C. politula is
known from a few records on both main islands.
Adults of Phalacrus uniformis frigoricola have been
found in rust fungus galls on an introduced wattle (Acacia
mearnsii). Adults and larvae of Cyclaxyra impressa occur
in sooty mould growing on the honeydew of scale insects
on the trunks of mountain beech and red beech (Notho-
fagus). Very little is known about C. politula, some
records indicating the same habitat as for C. impressa, plus
moss on branches of a stunted Senecio sp. which also
frequently bears sooty mould.
 The biology of phalacrid beetles is reviewed by Steiner
(1984).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. CYCLAXYRINAE - Cyclaxyra impressa Broun,
1915 (Fig. 196).
REMARKS. The systematic position of Cyclaxyra is
controversial, and is under review by R.A. Crowson and
by S.A. Slipinski (Lawrence & Newton 1995).
Suggested coloquial name: shining fungus beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Pakaluk et al. (1994),
Steiner (1984), Thompson & Marshall (1980).
[49] Family CAVOGNATHIDAE
Fig. 197
Length 2.5-4.0 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5
DIAGNOSIS. Body narrowly elongate, broadly curved
laterally, somewhat depressed, moderately glossy;
dorsal surface with decumbent pubescence; punctation
irregular; colour brown to reddish-brown, often with
paler appendages. Head narrower than pronotum; frons
sometimes with impressions; frontoclypeal suture ab-
sent; gular region with longitudinal grooves. Mandibles
each with 1 or 2 cavities opening outwards. Antennae
11-segmented, with enlarged scape and with a 3-seg-
mented, elongate and loosely formed club. Pronotum
simple, approximately square or rectangular in outline,
with margins broadly arched and angles rounded; lateral
carinae indistinct; disc with a smooth, raised, median
impunctate area near base and with a shallow, punctate
depression on either side. Elytra with anterior angles
(shoulders) slightly produced, and base concave; epi-
pleura distinct in basal third; sutural flanges widened
apically (Fig. 93), creating a small gap; striae absent.
Procoxae slightly globose and transverse, their cavities
narrowly open behind. Legs stout. Protarsi and meso-
tarsi with 3 basalmost segments expanded in males.
SYNOPSIS. The cavognathids comprise 4 genera, all in
the Southern Hemisphere. Watt (1982a) listed 2 described
native species of Zeonidicola and 1 of Neocercus for New
Zealand. NZAC now has an additional 1 or perhaps 2
undescribed species of Zeonidicola.
Adults and larvae of Zeonidicola dumbletoni have been
found in nests of spotted shag (Stictocarbo punctatus).
Adults of Z. chathamensis have been extracted from nest
debris of sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus), fairy prion
(Pachyptila turtur), giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus),
northern royal albatross (Diomedea epomophora sanfordi),
-50-
and pipit (Anthus novaeseelandiae) (Watt 1980b). Adults
of Neocercus electus are known to occur in damp native
forests in the northern South Island (Watt 1980b).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Zeonidicola chathamensis Watt, 1980 (Fig.
197).
REMARKS. It seems likely that cavognathids will be
found in nests of other bird species.
Suggested colloquial name: birds' nest beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Crowson (1973), Pakaluk
et al. (1994), Sen Gupta & Crowson (1969b), Watt
(1980b).
[50] Family CRYPTOPHAGIDAE
[assisted by R. Leschen]
Fig. 198
Length 1-3.5 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-5 or (males
of Cryptophaginae) 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body oval to elongate oval, variously
yellow-brown or red-brown to dark brown, sometimes
bicoloured, with appendages usually paler, often clothed
with silky hairs (decumbent and/or erect), rarely glob-
ose and appearing glabrous, convex to slightly flattened.
Head narrower than pronotum, without a frontoclypeal
suture. Antennal insertions exposed, approximated or
well separated. Antennae 11-segmented, with a loose 3-
segmented club (exception: 2-segmented in Picrotus).
Eyes small. Pronotum subquadrate or rounded, with
lateral carinae; lateral margins occasionally serrate
(introduced Cryptophagus); base often with a narrow,
variously formed depression; prosternal process moderately
broad, overlapping mesosternum; pronotal base usually
narrower than elytral base (usually as broad as in
Mycetophagidae [59], or only slightly narrower). Elytra
subparallel or broadly arched laterally, rounded post-
eriorly; punctation confused, the punctures not in rows;
sutural flanges widened apically, forming a smalI gap;
epipleura incomplete, visible in basal third. Procoxae
globose, with cavities open behind. Abdomen with 5
ventrites, the basal one longest.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 23 native and 4 ad-
ventive species of cryptophagid in New Zealand. There are
at present 18 native and 12 adventive species housed in
NZAC, belonging to some 12 genera in 2 subfamilies,
CRYPTOPHAGINAE and ATOMARIINAE.
Cryptophagids in general feed on hyphae, conidia, and
spores of fungi, including moulds, in leaf litter, forest litter
(e
.g .
,bee chfores
t),v egetab
l edebr
is,rot
tenwood ,bird noth)a
a nddis
tin
ctpun
ctat
es t
ria
e(ir
regul
arl
yp un
ctat
e
andinsectn es
ts
,a ndu nderbark(Leschen1 996
).C osmo- inLoberono
tha
).Pro
coxaeglobose
,the
ircavi
tie
sop en
poli
tansp eciesfoundins toredprodu c
tsfeedon lyon orclosedbeh .T
ind ars
iw i
th4 thsegm en
tr educed;
mould
,theirp r
esencein d
ic a
tingpoorstor
a g
ec ond
it
i ons
; s
egm
ent
s2a
nd3w
i
ths
eto
sel
obe
s.
Bousque
t( 1990)review edstoredpr
o duc
tspest
s.K usche
l
(1990)recorded13s peci
e sfromA uckl
and,col
lec
tedfrom SYNOPS IS.W att(l982a)r ecorded8n a
tivel angu r
iids
heapsofg ardenprunings,lawnc l
ippings
,compo s
t,h en- forN ewZ ea
land ,7o fthemr epres entedinNZAC .Ou r
housest
raw ,paddoc k
s,leafli
tter
,Phell
inusf ung
us,fresh
- presentestim a
teis7n om i
n a
ls peciesp lu s1u ndescr
ib e
d;
cu
tb ranch esofvarioustr ee
sandsh rubs,andfol
i ageof thesea repla c
edin5g enerarepres enting2sub fam i
lies—
tr
e efer
ns;s omew erea s
s oc
iatedwi
t hsedgesandgall
s. XENOSCELINAE a ndCRYPTOPHILINAE .
Adultsandl arv aeofH apalipsp ro l
ixu so ccurund er
RANGE.Noth ®
r .South ®
.St
ewar
t deadle a
fb aseso fni k
aup alm(Rhop alosty l
iss apida)and
K
ermad
ecsO
,ThreeKingsO,Chath
ams®,Snare
sO ind ecayedt ree
-fer nfronds.A dul
tso fLob erusd epressus
A
uck
lansO
d ,Campbe
llO,Ant
ipod
esO ,Boun
ti
esO haveb eenco l
lectedbyb eatingfo liag eo fc abbag etree
(C or
d y
linea ust
ralis)
,p ohu
t ukawa(M etrosiderose xce
lsa)
,
EXAMPLE.CRYPTOPHAGINAE — Tho
rtu
sov
ali
sBr
oun
, andfromt eatreeb lossom.W a
tt( 19 82 b
)r ecord eda du
lts
18
86(F
ig.1
98)
. ofL.nitensb eatenf romCop rosm ar ep ens,C a rmichaelia
sp.
,M e
licytusram ίflorus, andP i
ttospo rumc r a
ssifol
ium .
REMARKS .C ryp
tophagidsarepoorlyknowninth e Adultsof Lob e
rono thah av eb eenco ll
e ctedbyb eating
Southe
rnH emispher
e,andthosepla
cedintheC ryp
to- variousv eg etat
ion ,froml i
tt e
r,andf romf low erso f
phaginae(Crypto
som atu
lini
)areinn eedofrevis
ion Travers
ia.A d u
ltsofC a
thartocryptusm aculosus,o urs o
le
(Leschen &Löbl1995)
. cryptoph il
ine ,havebeenfoundunde rba rko fdead
Sugges
tedcol
loqui
alnam e
:si
lkenfungusb
eet
les. Bei
lschm iediataw aa n
do nf ol
iageo fCop rosm arobu sta.

SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Le
sch
en(1996
),P
aka
luk RANGE.N o
rth®
,S ou
th®,St
ew a
rt®
e
tal
.(1994
). K
erma
decsO,Thre
eK ingsO
,Cha th
am sO,Sna
resO
A
uck
lansO
d ,CampbelO
l ,An
tip
odesO ,Boun
t sO
ie

[
51]F
ami
lyLANGUR
IIDAE EXAMPLE.XENOSCELINAE — Hapa
lips p
rol
ixu
s(S
har
p,
[
assi
ste
dbyR .Le
sch
en] 18
76)(F
ig
.19
9).
F
ig.199
REMARKS .Asatpr
esentde
fin
e d
,thef
amilyLan
guri
idae
L
ength2-6 mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5 in
clude
sseve
ralge
neraforme
rlypla
cedinCry
ptop
hagid
ae
Thisgroupish etero geneousinap pea
rance,a n
dit scla
s s
i- [50
]a n
dE ro
tyl
ida
e[5 2
](Lawrence&N ewton1995
).
fica
tionisno tc lear.Som em emb e
rsaresim i
l a
rtoC ryp- Su
ggest
edcol
loqu
ialname:slend
erbee
tl
es.
tophagidae[ 50]
,b utared is
tinc
ti nhavi
n gthefirstventr
ite
lessthantw icea slo n
ga st hesecond(cf
.m orethantw ice SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Pak
aluketa
l.(1994
),S
en
aslonginC ryptoph agidae),poster
iorelytr
alsu tura
lg ap Gup
ta(
1968
),S
enGup
ta&Crowson(
1969
a,1971)
.
absent(cf
.p resent),epipleuracom p
lete
,h indw ingw i
t h4
analveins(cf.us ual
ly5 )an daclosedradia
lc e
ll,u s
u a
llya
transvers
eg roo veo nthea nter
iorpartoftheg u
larregion, [
52]F
ami
lyEROTYL
IDAE
and5 -5-5-
segm entedt a
r s
iinbo thsexes(A tom ari
inaeo f F
ig.200
Cryptophagida eh aveth esam etarsa
lformu la).Fo rdis- L
ength4-8mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5
cussions eeS enGup ta(1968 ),S enGup ta &C row son
(19 69a
,1 971),a ndL aw rence&B r
it
ton( 1994). D
IAGNOS
IS.Bod
yelon
gat
eov
al
,mo
der
ate
lycon
vex
DIAGNOS IS .B ody mod erat
elytos t
ron glyelon gate, b
utwiths
ligh
tl
yfla
ttene
dp rono
tum,usu
al
lyglabro
us
n
arrowlyova
ltosubpar
al
le
l,subcy
lindr
ica
ltofla
t- o
rwithspars
einconspicuouspubes
cenc
e,strong
ly
t
en ed
,pube
scen
torgl
abrou
s, mod
erate
lytos
trong
ly g
los
sy,wi
thpunc
tat
ionformings
tr
iaeone
lyt
ra.Colo
r-
g
los
sy,pa
lebrowntoalmos
tblack
,rare
ly w
ithp
ale a
tionu
sua
llyda
rkbrownton e
arlybl
ackwi
thredd
ish
-
m
acul
aeonely
tr.H
a e
ad moder
ate
lyla
rge
,withey
es b
rownapp
enda
ges
,rar
elyye
llowi
s hb
row.H
n eaddeep
ly
coar
sel
yfacet
ed.An tennaewithadis
tinct
,e longa
te,3- ins
ert
edintothorax
;fron
to c
lypealsutu
reindis
tinctor
segment
edclub.Pron o
tumw ithl
ate
ralm arginss
im pl
e, abs
ent
.An tennae11-s
egm en
t ed
,w itha3-segm ented
sl
igh
tlycrenu
lateinHapal
ipsa ndLoberonotha,usua
lly c
lub.Eyesp romin
entandcoar s
elyface
ted.Pron o
tum
d
ist
inct
lyn ar
row erthane l
ytra
lb as
e;b ases ome
times w
ithsharplater
alm ar
ginsandan t
erio
rlyprodu ced
wi
th2sm alldepress
ion .E
s ly
traoftenelon gat
eand fr
ontangl
es;bas
eofprono
tuma ndelyt
rasl
ight
lysinua
t e
.
usua
ll
yw i
thw elIdef
in edepipl
eura(ab sentinLo
bero- E
lyt
rastr
ia
te,w i
thepip
leuracomp lete
.Proste
rnalpr o
-

-51
-
cess broad. Procoxae globose, inserted into articular
depressions, their cavities closed. Legs robust. Tarsi
with all segments except the last lobed and setose
beneath, or simple. Femoral lines sometimes present on
basal ventrite, which is 1.5× as long as ventrite 2.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 9 native species of
erotylid. Seven species are represented in NZAC, belong-
ing to 2 genera of DACNINAE.
Both adults and larvae are in general mycetophagous,
feeding within fruiting bodies of mushrooms and bracket
fungi. Kuschel (1990) reported two species of Crypto-
dacne from Auckland, collected from moist decayed wood
and from wood mould of Vitex. We have seen specimens
from dead, standing Corynocarpus laevigatus, from under
various logs, in the dead bole of a bat roosting tree, from
Piptopterus portentosus on Nothofagus, from Ganoderma
on a dead standing tree, and from Grifola colensoi.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Dacninae — Thallis polita White, 1846 (Fig.
200).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: pleasing fungus
beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Pakaluk et al. (1994).
[53] Family BOTHRIDERIDAE
Fig. 201, 202
Length 2-7 mm Tarsal formula 4 4 4 (Ascetoderes),
3-3-3 (Anommatus)
DIAGNOSIS. Body elongate-elliptical, subcylindrical,
sometimes with pronotum slightly flattened, glabrous,
slightly glossy, dark brown to black. Head narrower
than pronotum. Antennae 11-segmented, the basal
segment enlarged, and with a 2-segmented club; in-
sertions exposed. Eyes smalI and projecting or reduced
(Anommatus). Pronotum trapezoidal, with front angles
usually slightly produced, coarsely punctate, and often
with medial impression(s); base usually distinctly nar-
rower than elytral base. Elytra with rounded shoulders,
broadly arcuate laterally, broadest in basal half, with
longitudinal striae and coarse punctation; alternate in-
tervals costate at least apically, even intervals usually
smooth; epipleura present. Procoxae globose, their
cavities open (Anommatus) or closed (Ascetoderes);
metacoxae globose, moderately to widely separated. Legs
elongate, stout. Tarsal segments simple. Abdomen with
basal ventrite elongate, at least as long as the 2 fol-
lowing ventrites combined.
-52-
SYNOPSIS. Hudson (1934) recorded 7 species of both-
riderid from New Zealand. Five are represented in NZAC,
belonging to the subfamilies ANOMMATINAE, with 1 adven-
tive species, and BOTHRIDERINAE, with 4 native species. A
review of the world Bothriderini is provided by Slipinski
et al. (1989).
All our bothriderids are predacious. Adults of the ad-
ventive hypogeal species Anommatus duodecimstriatus
are recorded from rotten wood buried in earth, under
deeply buried stones (Sen Gupta & Crowson 1973), and
from deep pitfall traps sealed off at the top (Kuschel 1990).
Adults of Ascetoderes paynteri from the Chatham Islands
have been collected in bush at night, suggesting a noct-
urnal habit; others were taken from rotting Plagianthus
logs. Adults of A. obsoletus are occasionally found under
bark of dead tree trunks.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. ANOMMATINAE - Anommatus duodecim-
striatus (Müller, 1821) (Fig. 201); BOTHRIDERINAE —
Ascetoderes obsoletus (Broun, 1895) (Fig. 202).
REMARKS. Adult bothriderids superficially resemble
some Colydiidae [65], from which they may be distin-
guished by having exposed antennal insertions.
Suggested colloquial name: none.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Sen Gupta & Crowson
(1973), Slipinski et al. (1989).
[54] Family CERYLONIDAE
(= CERYLIDAE)
Fig. 203
Length 2-3 mm Tarsal formula 4 4-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body narrowly elongate, subparallel
(Philothermus) or broadly oval (Hypodacnella), moder-
ately convex to flattened, glabrous to microsetose,
moderately to strongly glossy, often with a metallic shine
(Hypodacnella), pale brown or dark brown to black, with
fine or coarse punctures. Head without a neck, partially
concealed by pronotum; frontoclypeal suture present or
absent (Philothermus). Antennae 10- or 11-segmented,
with a 1- or 2-segmented club (superficially appearing 3-
segmented in Hypodacnella). Pronotum transverse or
slightly elongate, distinctly margined laterally, often
coarsely punctate; base broadly arcuate or sinuate in
Hypodacnella. Elytra usually striate-punctate. Hind
wings often with anal cell closed. Procoxae smalI and
semiglobular externally, their cavities open or closed;
metacoxae widely separated. Abdomen with segments
freely articulated; 1st ventrite markedly longer than
2nd ventrite; femoral lines usually present on 1st
ventrite and/or metasternum. Last ventrite with post-
erior edge crenulate in Philothermus.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 5 native and 1 adven-
tive species of cerylonid from New Zealand. We now
recognise 5+ native species in NZAC, belonging to 2
genera in 2 subfamilies, EUXESTINAE and CERYLONINAE.
Cerylonids occur in rotten wood, leaf litter, forest
debris, and fungus-infested bark (Slipinski 1988), where
they probably feed on fungal hyphae and spores (Law-
rence & Britton 1994). Kuschel (1990) reported Hypodac-
nella rubriceps (as Hypodacne) from Auckland, collected
in rich, moist humus under logs, in hollow trees, and in
decayed wood. We have seen specimens collected from
forest litter, rotten logs, and fungus on a Beilschmiedia
log, and reared from Helichrysum coralloides. Species of
Philothermus occur under bark of native trees, or in rotten
logs and forest litter, especially with mould.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. EUXESTINAE — Hypodacnella rubriceps (Reit-
ter, 1880) (Fig. 203).
REMARKS. Some cerylonids may be confused with
Colydiidae [65], from which they differ, besides other
characters, in having the upper body surface glabrous or
microsetose and glossy (cf. either dull or roughly sculp-
tured), the maxillary and labial palps geniculate (cf. never
so), the 1st ventrite markedly longer than the 2nd, and all
5 ventrites movably articulated (cf. 1st ventrite not mark-
edly longer, and 3 or 4 basalmost ventrites connate in
Colydiidae). Slipinski (1988) provided characteristics of
the genera of Cerylonidae. This group is in need of re-
vision.
Suggested colloquial name: waxen beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Pakaluk et al. (1994), Sen
Gupta & Crowson (1973), Slipinski (1990).
[55] Family ENDOMYCHIDAE
(incl. former MEROPHYSIIDAE)
Fig. 204, 205
Length 1-2.0 mm Tarsal formula 4 4 4 (Mycetaea),
3-3-3 (Holoparamecus)
New Zealand species of this family belong to two genera in
separate subfamilies, which are more readily diagnosed
separately, as follows.
-53-
DIAGNOSIS. MYCETAEINAE (Mycetaea, Fig. 204). Body
small (length 1.8-2.0 mm), ovate and slightly tapering
posteriorly, moderately convex, yellow, with long and
sparse, decumbent and erect hairs. Head partly
concealed by pronotum; frontoclypeal suture distinct.
Antennae 11-segmented, with an elongate 3-segmented
club. Pronotum transverse, almost as broad as elytral
base; front angles slightly produced anteriorly; lateral
margins sharply carinate, with an additional lengthwise
ridge on either side. Elytra with punctures forming
rows. Procoxae small, hemispherical, narrowly separ-
ated by prosternal process, their cavities open. behind.
Abdomen with 1st sternite as long as the following 2
combined, or somewhat longer.
HOLOPARAMECINAE (Holoparamecus, Fig. 205). Body
minute (length 1.0-1.6 mm), narrowly oval, round pos-
teriorly, moderately convex, reddish brown, yellowish,
or brown, appearing almost glabrous but with short,
inconspicuous decumbent hairs, strongly glossy. Head
somewhat concealed basally by pronotum; frontoclypeal
suture present. Antennae 11-segmented, with a large,
2-segmented club. Pronotum restricted behind to a
distinct `waist,' with a series of laterally elongated
foveae near posterior margin forming a basal impression;
base markedly narrower than elytral base; additional long-
itudinal carinae absent. Elytra oval, with 2 impressed
lines along suture; punctate striae absent. Procoxae
small, hemispherical, narrowly separated by prosternal
process, their cavities appearing narrowly closed be-
hind. Abdomen with 1st ventrite elongate, as long as the
following 3 combined.
SYNOPSIS. Endomychids are represented in New Zea-
land by an adventive European species of MYCETAEINAE
and at least 6 native species of HOLOPARAMECINAE, 3 of
them in Holoparamecus and the remainder in an undet-
ermined genus. Watt (1969) classified Holoparamecus in
subfamily Merophysiinae of the Corticariidae [58], and
considered Mycetaea lucidus to be a synonym of Holo-
paramecus tenuis. A new classification is proposed by
Pakaluk et al. (1994) and Lawrence & Newton (1995).
Our holoparamecines occur in forest litter, organic litter
probably associated with nest debris, wood mould, and
bird nest litter; some adults have been reared from bracket
fungus growing on dead roots, and others from dead
Coprosma robusta. Species of this group most likely feed
mainly on moulds associated with decomposing organic
material. Kuschel (1990) reported 2 species of Holo-
paramecus from Auckland, collected from logs, stumps
covered with fruiting bodies of larger fungi, rotted wood,
moulds inside hollow trees, humus under logs and at the
base of herbaceous plants, and stream-bed litter.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. MYCETAEINAE - Mycetaea subterranea (Fab-
ricius, 1801) (Fig. 204); HOLOPARAMECINAE - Holopara-
mecus tenuis Reitter, 1879 (Fig. 205).
REMARKS. The higher classification of Endomychidae
was discussed by Lawrence (1982), Slipinski (1990), and
Slipinski & Pakaluk (1992).
Suggested colloquial name: waisted mildew beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Pakaluk et al. (1994), Watt
(1969).
[56] Family COCCINELLIDAE
Fig. 206
Length 1-7 mm Tarsal formula 4-4-4 or 3-3-3
DIAGNOSIS. Body narrowly to broadly ovate or
hemispherical, moderately to strongly convex, with
ventral surface usually flat, glabrous or pubescent,
slightly to strongly glossy or matt. Setation short and
decumbent or long and protruding, often yellowish or
greyish. Coloration usually uniformly brown in smalI
species and bicoloured in larger ones, variously pale
brown, brown, yellowish, reddish brown, black, or met-
allic blue, often with spots on pronotum and elytra or with
a paler margin on pronotum and spots on elytra, the spots
yellow, reddish yellow, reddish brown, or black. Head
partially or (rarely) almost entirely inserted into
prothorax; frontoclypeal suture absent. Maxillary
palps with apical segment usually enlarged, securiform
or oblong, and apex obliquely truncated. Antennae
usu-ally 10- or 11-segmented, short, with a weak and
usually 3-segmented club. Pronotum transverse, usually
strongly convex; lateral margins entire; anterior margin
often strongly emarginate; scutellum small to large.
Elytra usually strongly rounded, with confused punc-
tation, never striate; lateral margins entire; epipleura
sometimes foveate to receive femora. Procoxae trans-
verse, their cavities open. Tarsi pseudotrimerous or
trimerous, with segments 1 and 2 strongly produced
beneath. Abdomen with 5 or 6 ventrites, the basalmost
2 often connate; basal ventrite with impressed femoral
lines (Fig. 92).
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 27 described native
species of coccinellid and 14 adventive or introduced.
There are at present 22 native species and about 18
representing introductions in NZAC, classified into some
19 genera in 4 subfamilies — COCCIDULINAE, SCYMNINAE,
CHILOCORINAE, and COCCINELLINAE.
Most known adults and larvae are predators, feeding
generally on soft-bodied insects and mites. A considerable
number of exotic species have been introduced into New
Zealand for biological control of insect pests in agricul-
-54-
ture, and 6 are known to be well established. In general,
members of the subfamily Coccinellinae usually feed on
aphids and homopterans, and occasionally on larvae of
Chrysomelidae and other Coccinellidae, whereas the
Scymninae feed on aphids, scale insects, mealybugs,
whiteflies, and plant mites (Booth et al. 1990). Kuschel
(1990) listed 26 coccinellid species from Auckland, most
of them in genus Rhyzobius, and the majority collected
from garden plants and foliage of shrubs and trees. Very
common in Auckland is the introduced Australian species
Halmus chalybeus, steel-blue in colour, and occurring in
gardens and native bush.
Collecting: sweeping and beating vegetation.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands ®, Campbell ®, Antipodes ®, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. COCCINELLINAE - Coccinella leonina Fabri-
cius, 1792 (Fig. 206).
REMARKS. Species introduced for biological contol of
hemipteran pests are in Coccinella, Cryptolaemus, Exo-
chomus, Halmus, Hippodamia, Illeis, Rhyzobius, Rodalia,
and Scymnus. The family is in need of taxonomic revision.
Suggested colloquial name: ladybirds.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Bielawski (1976), Klaus-
nitzer (1970), LeSage (1991 c), Pakaluk eta!. (1994), Pope
(1989), Read (1965), Sasaji (1968).
[57] Family CORYLOPHIDAE
Fig. 207
Length 0.8-2 mm Tarsal formula 4-4-4 or 3-3-3
DIAGNOSIS. Body minute, oblong to broadly ovate or
nearly hemispherical, moderately to strongly convex,
sparsely pubescent or glabrous, often glossy. Coloration
pale brown, brown, yellowish with brown markings, red-
dish brown, or reddish yellow. Head small, completely
concealed by expanded pronotum forming a hood
anteriorly (partially concealed in Orthoperus); fronto-
clypeal suture absent. Antennae 9-11-segmented, with
a 3-segmented club. Pronotum expanded anteriorly
into a sharp margin over head, strongly transverse,
broadly rounded; posterior angles sometimes strongly
produced posteriorly (Anisomeristes) or slightly conically
elongate (Arthrolips). Elytra subparallel or narrowed
posteriorly and usually truncate, exposing pygidium. Pro-
coxae transverse or globose, their cavities closed. Tarsi
with 2nd segment bilobed, 3rd segment vestigial and
inconspicuous. Abdomen with 6 ventrites, the basal-
most Yery long and bearing subparallel femoral lines.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) recorded 5 native and 1 adven-
tives peciesofc oryl
op h
idi nNewZ e
aland,b uttheactual (except
ion:Melanophtha lma),o f
t enw ithridgesand /or
numb eris mu chh igher
,w ith manyspeciesund escr
ib ed. depress
ions
,o rev en
lyconv exandpun ctate,som et
im es
Theyb e
longto8g ener
a i
n3s ub
famil
ies —CORYLOPHINAE, wi
thas ing
leb asa
ld ep
r e
s s
ion;late
r alm arginssm oothor
SERICODER INAE,a ndPARAMULINAE.K u
schel( 1990)rep or
- wi
thfin edentit
ion( e
.g., Co r
ticaria.E
) lytraelonga t
e
ted2 0s peciesin8g enerafromL ynf
ield
,A ucklandalone. oval
,b roadestatm iddl e
,u sual
ly mu chb road erthan
Co rylophid sa reknowntof eedonfung i
,and m ayb e pronotum,oro va
l,som e
timessw ol
l en(Me lanophthalma))
,
fou ndi nassociationw it
hd ecayingplan
tm ate
rialsucha s wi
thm o
reorlessdist
in c
tp uncta
tes tr
iae.P rocoxaep ro-
forestlit
ter,or ganicl
itte
rg ene
ral
ly,com pos
th eaps
,birds
' ject
ing,theircaviti
esc losedb ehind.Ta rsalsegm ents
nests,g rasscu ttings, mouldyh ay,rot
ten wood ,d ead simple.Abdom enw ith5o r6v en t
rites,th ebasalon e
branc hes
,lit
teri nc oas
talclif
fv eg
etat
ion
,a n dleafl
itt
e rat markedlyelongate (mu chlong erth anth e2fo l
low ing
theb aseofs edg esandf lax.Som eN ewZ e al
andsp e c
ies vent
ri
t e
scom bined)
.
haveb e encol
l ectedfromu nde
rb a
rk,onm oss yve g
eta
ti on
atnig ht
,o nlo gso verg
row nw i
thm oss
,o nm o s
sa ndliver
- SYNOPS IS
.H udso n(1 934
)r ecorded5 7n om i na
lsp ecies
wor
t sond amps lop e
sn earstr
eam s
,onfo l
i ageo fnative ofc o
rticari
idforN ewZ ealand
.W att(198 2a)r ecorded4 0
shrub s
,o ccas
i on a
llyo nflowers
,a ndonbr acketf u
ngi
. n a
tiveand11adv en t
iv esp ec
i es,andsom e53n ative
Siftingo rg ani cm ater
i a
landp ro ce
ssingi tthrough spe c
iesand11adv entiv earenowr epresen tedinNZAC .
Ber
les efu nne
lsi sthem osteff
icien
tm ethodo fc o
llec
ting; Ourco rt
i car
iidf aun ai srich,w ith m anyund escribed
ford etai
lss e
eK usche
l( 1990)
. spe c
ies,b e
long ingtosom e12g enerain2sub fam il
i es
,
LATHRIDINAEa
I ndCORTICARΙINAE. K u
s c
hel( 1 990)lis
te d3 2
RANGE.Nor
th ®
,South ®
,St
ew ar
t® s p
e c
iesin9g eneraf romA uck
la nd.
Ke
rmadecs®
,ThreeK s ®
ing .Cha tham
s®,SnaresO L a
thrid
iinesa res ubglabrous
,w iths eparate dproco xae,
A
uck
lan
dsO,Campbe
ll®,Antipodes®,Boun
tie
sO oftenw i
thc ar
i naeo nt hepronot uma nde lytra,a ndw axy
exud ateonv a
riou sp artsofth ebody ;co rt
i car
iine sare
EXAMPLE.S
er
icod
er
ina
e —An
isom
eri
ste
ssh
a iM
rp a
t- usual
l ysetose
,w ithc o n
tiguousp rocoxa e
,l ackingc arinae
th
ew,1
s 8
86(F
ig.2
07)
. ont hepro no
tuma n delytra
,a ndw ithn ow a xye xudate.
A du
ltsa ndlarv a
ef eedo nfun galspores.T heyo c
c uri n
REMARKS .Broun(e.g
.,1886,1893a)habi
tual
lytre
ated leaflit
ter,d e
cay ingtrunk sands tump s,woodmou ld,cut
branch e
s,foliageo fv ariousplan ts
,b rack etfungi, mo ss
cory
lophi
d sasCoccin
el
lidae[56]
.C ory
lophid
sarepoorl
y
andliv e
rwo rtsont r e
et runks
,ho llow sofo ldt rees
,bu sh
known,andth esubfamilyclass
ific
ationisnotset
tled
,
floorlit
ter,epiphy tes,l awnclipping s
,andg ardencom -
al
thoughL awrence &N ewton(1995)haveli
sted4sub-
post.Som eco smopo li
t anspe c
i esarea sso c
iated w ith
fami
lie
si nthew o
rldfauna
.T hegroupisinneedoftaxo
-
storedpro duc
ts
,a ndAridiusnodifer,r ecorde dfromaw id
e
nomicrev
i s
ion
.
varie
tyo fmou ldyv eg e
tables
,isnowe stablishedinN ew
Sugges
te dco
lloq
uia
ln am e
:hoodedb ee
tle
s.
Zealand.Fo ro th e
rco smopolitansp ecie so fe conom ic
impo rtan c
es eeBoo the tal.( 1990 )
.Fo rd etai
lsonth e
SELECTEDREFERENCES .Endrödy
-Younga(1964
), b
i onom i
cso fsp ecieso ccur
ringinA uckland,s eeK u schel
Gr
ess
it
t &S
amue
lson(1964b
),P
ak a
luk e
ta.(
l 1994)
. (19 90
).

RANGE.Nor
th®,South®,S
tew a
rt®
[58
]Fam
ilyCORT
ICAR
IIDAE Ke
rmadec
s®,ThreeKing
s®,Ch ath
ams®,Snar
esO
(=LATHR
IDI
IDAE=LATR
IDI
IDAE
) Au
ckl
ands®,Campbe
ll®,An
tipodesO,Boun
tiesO
F
ig.208
EXAMPLE.LATHRIDIINAE- En
icmuscav
icepsB
rou
n,
L
ength0.8
-2.2 mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula3
-3-
3
(1
893
)(F
ig
.208)
.
DIAGNOS IS.M inu t
eob longb eet
les,w ithp ronotum
usually ma rk edlyna rrow erthane lytra( asb roada s REMARKS .T h enameC or
ticar
iid
aeh asp
rio
rit
yo verthe
ely
tralb ase
,o rn ear
lysoinMe tophthalmus(=L ithostyg- univer
sal
lyu sedL ath
ridi
idaeforthi
sf am
ily(Pakaluket
nus)
).B od ysu r
fa c
egl ab rouso rfinelytom entose,often a.1
l 994)
.Firstrevi
sionsofN ewZ ea
landcor
tic
ari
ids p
ec-
coveredb yaw axyexud ate
,m od e
ratelyg lo
ssyt om att
, iesw erepublishedbyB elon(1884,1897)
.W a
tt(1969)
smoo thandpun ctateo rw ithr idges
,tub erc
les,and/o r providedag en er
ickeytoN ewZ ealandCort
icar
iidae,
depre s
sion s.H ead w ithc lyp euslat eral
lyexpand ed incl
u d
ingHoloparamecus,n owrefe
rredtoEndom y
c h
idae
infro n
to fa n
te n
n a
linsertions;frontoclype a
lsutu repres- [55]
.
ent.An tenn ae1 1-
segm ented,w itha2 -o r3-se gmented Su g
gest
edc olloqu
ia
ln am e
:m i
ldewb ee
tle
s.
club;scap eu suallyenla rged,o f
tengl obula
r.E yessm al
l
butp rotub erant,som etimesr edu c
ed,c oarse
l yfaceted
. .B
SELECTEDREFERENCES e
lon(1884
,1897
),G
res
si
tt
Pronotumu sual
lyd is
tinctlyn arrow e
rth anelytraatb ase &Samue
lso
n(1
964a
),P
aka
luke
tal
.(1994
),W
at
t(19
69)
.

-55
-
Superfamily TENEBRIONOIDEA (HETEROMERA)
Members of this group are distinct in having tarsi 5-5-4-
segmented in both sexes, rarely 4-4-4 in a few lineages,
trochanterofemoral attachment strongly oblique (Fig. 59),
procoxae tending to be conical and projecting, hind wings
with a reduced number of veins (4 or fewer) behind the
media posterior (MP), aedeagus heteromeroid with the
tegmen incomplete ventrally, and in certain characteristics
of the larvae (Lawrence & Britton 1991, 1994).
[59] Family MYCETOPHAGIDAE
Fig. 209
Length 1.5-3 mm
Tarsal formula 4-4-4 (females),
3-4-4 (males)
DIAGNOSIS. Body broadly oval, somewhat flattened,
evenly pubescent, moderately glossy, punctate, yellowish
to dark brown to black, sometimes with pale or dark
markings on elytra and/or pronotum. Head narrower
than pronotum; antennal insertions exposed. Maxillary
palps with last segment enlarged. Antennae 11-
segmented, usually with a 3-segmented club. Eyes
coarsely faceted. Pronotum transverse; sides arcuate,
sometimes with minute serrations, smoothly continuous
with sides of elytra; base as wide as elytra. Scutellum
transverse. Elytra broadly oval, punctate. Procoxae
transverse, their cavities open. Legs well developed.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 12 native and 1 ad-
ventive species of mycetophagid for New Zealand. These
are in 3 genera of subfamily MYCETOPHAGINAE. Kuschel
(1990) recorded 5 native species and 3 adventive from
Lynfield, Auckland.
Adults and larvae may be found on or in fungi and
organic material infested with fungi. Some species have
been collected by beating or sweeping foliage of native
shrubs. The adventive species have been found in a sheep
carcass, coarse prunings, a starling nest, bumble bee nests,
lawn clippings, compost, trees, shrubs, and a rotting seed
head of Cynara scolymus (Kuschel 1990).
RANGE. North ®. South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. MYCETOPHAGINAE — Triphyllus hispidellus Fig. 211
(Broun, 1880) (Fig. 209). Length 1-3 mm
REMARKS. Mycetophagids are poorly known in New
Zealand. The European concept of Triphyllus applied to
our native species needs clarification.
Suggested colloquial name: hairy fungus beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Lawrence (1987), Leschen
& Lawrence (1991), Parsons (1975).
—56—
[60] Family ARCHEOCRYPTICIDAE
Fig. 210
Length 2.7-3.5 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body uniformly oval, slightly flattened,
dark brown to almost black, with short pubescence. Head
partially retracted into prothorax, broadly arcuate
anteriorly; frontoclypeal suture distinct. Maxillary
palps with apical segment enlarged and truncate.
Antennae 11-segmented, with a 3-segmented club. Eyes
coarsely faceted. Pronotum transverse, with sharp
lateral margins, slightly emarginate anteriorly and in-
significantly sinuate basally. Elytra arcuate laterally, with
confused punctation. Procoxae globose, separated by
prosternal process, which is gradually expanded api-
cally. Tarsal segments simple. Abdomen with 5 vent-
rites, the first 2 connate (3 connate in Tenebrionidae
[68]); basal ventrite slightly longer than 2nd ventrite.
SYNOPSIS. There is a single adventive species of arch-
eocrypticid, Archeocrypticus topali, in New Zealand.
Adults and larvae are reported from leaf litter and some
polypore fungi with softer fruiting bodies (Lawrence &
Britton 1994). Our species has been recorded from gar-
dens, parks, litter in beech forest, under stones (rarely),
under seaweed on beaches, moss on banks, nests of gulls
(Larus sp.), on mummified apples, and under mature
cabbages. In all these habitats it is probably associated
with moulds or other fungi. Many adults and larvae have
been collected in pitfall traps in pastures around Nelson.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Archeocrypticus topali Kaszab, 1964 (Fig.
210).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: ancient fungus
beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Kaszab (1981, 1984), Law-
rence (1994), Watt (1974a).
[61] Family CIIDAE
Tarsal formula 4 4 4
DIAGNOSIS. Body elongate, subcylindrical or narrow-
ly ovate and moderately convex, yellowish, brownish,
reddish brown, dark brown, or greenish, uniform in colour
or with yellowish or brownish elytral spots sometimes of
irregular shape, glabrous and strongly glossy or mod-
erately glossy and with short decumbent hairs and/or
bristles. Head deflexed, with a distinct frontoclypeal
ridge, this in male sometimes forming a plate or 2
tubercles or horns. Maxillae with reduced lobes and
fusiform palps. Antennae 8-10-segmented, with usually
a 3-segmented loose club (Fig. 9) (cf. a similar 3-seg-
mented compact club in Curculionidae: Scolytinae [82]).
Pronotum large, partially or entirely covering head
(Fig. 9); base often approximately straight; lateral edges
incomplete. Elytra elongate, usually subparallel, with
punctures confused or in rows. Procoxae transverse,
projecting, their cavities open. Tibiae often with spines
on outer edge. Abdomen with 5 ventrites; basal ventrite
usually with a setose fovea in male.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) recorded 20 native species of
ciid for New Zealand. These belong to 5 genera of
subfamily CIINAE. Kuschel (1990) recorded 17 species
from Lynfield, Auckland, in 5 genera.
Adults and larvae are typically mycetophagous in fruit-
ing bodies of shelf fungi (Polyporaceae). Some occasion-
ally occur in forest litter, dead wood, or cut branches.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. CIINAE - Cis zeelandicus Reitter, 1880 (Fig.
211).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: shelf fungus
beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Abdullah (1973), Lawrence
(1971), Zimmerman (1938).
[62] Family MELANDRYIDAE
Fig. 212
Length 1.5-12 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body elongate, approximately wedge-
shaped, tapering posteriorly, convex dorsally and
ventrally, with fine and decumbent pubescence, finely
or coarsely punctate; coloration uniformly dark brown to
black, pale brown, or yellowish orange, sometimes with
yellow, orange, or brown markings on elytra and pro-
notum. Head deflexed, deeply inserted into prothorax,
not constricted behind. Maxillary palps with last seg-
ment enlarged, often securiform. Antennae usually
filiform or incrassate, but without a distinct club. Eyes
entire, not pubescent. Pronotum with lateral carinae
incomplete anteriorly, sometimes with small longitudinal
depressions. Elytra tapering posteriorly, sometimes
with impressed longitudinal lines subparallel to suture.
Procoxae projecting, their cavities open behind. Legs
long. Tibial spurs often comb-shaped, extremely elon-
gate on metatibiae (Fig. 84). Tarsi with basal segment
—57—
elongate at least in mesotarsus and metatarsus, and
penultimate segment lobed. Abdominal ventrites mov-
able (not fused).
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 38 native species of
melandryid for New Zealand. The species are assigned to
9 genera, 5 in subfamily MELANDRYINAE and the remainder
of uncertain affiliation. Kuschel (1990) recorded 8 species
in 7 genera from Auckland.
Adult melandryids occur in rotten wood, logs, organic
litter including leaf litter, cut branches, flowers, at the
base of bush-floor sedges, and on forest foliage. Adults
are very agile, and are capable of jumping; some have been
collected using interception traps. Larvae inhabit hard
substrates, such as bracket fungi or wood (Lawrence &
Newton 1995).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares
Aucklands ®, Campbell ®, Antipodes ®, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. MELANDRYINAE- Hylobia nubeculosa Broun,
1886 (Fig. 212).
REMARKS. Suggested colloquial name: leaping beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Crowson (1966b), Gressitt
& Samuelson (1964a), Viedma (1966).
[63] Family MORDELLIDAE
Fig. 213
Length 4-17 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body wedged-shaped, tapered posteri-
orly, laterally compressed, characteristically humped
in lateral view, with the last abdominal segment
produced and forming an acute process extending
beyond elytra (often extremely elongate); surface with
fine, decumbent pubescence; coloration brown with
darker markings on pronotum, uniformly black, or black
with small white spots on elytra and often on lateral parts
of sternites. Head deflexed, flat ventrally and concealing
prosternum (in resting position), abruptly constricted
behind eyes and forming a narrow neck. Maxillary
palps with last segment expanded. Antennae 11-
segmented, filiform or slightly serrate. Eyes entire.
Pronotum as broad as elytra or slightly broader,
transverse, sinuate basally and with complete lateral
carinae. Elytra tapering posteriorly. Procoxae projec-
ting, their cavities open; metacoxae enlarged, plate-
like. Tibiae often with comb-shaped spines.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) recorded 5 native species of
mordellid for New Zealand. Kuschel (1990) listed 6
species, including 1 adventive, in 4 genera from Lynfield,
Auck
land
.Tw ogene
raareinsubfam
ilyMORDELLINAE and c
oco
ono
fac
eram
byc
idb
eet
le
.Ku
sch
el(
199
0)r
epo
rt
ed
theremai
n dera
reu n
ass
igned. A
lloc
inopsb it
rookes ob
eap
red
ato
ron
lar
vaeo
fOemona
Adu
ltshaveo f
tenbeenfo undonflowersofm anuka h
i ta (C
r er
amb ycid
ae)
.Th
elarv
aea
reknowntob e
(Lep
tospermums copar
ium),r
a gwo
rt(Senec
iojacobaea
), en
tom ophagouspa
rasito
idso fimma
t u
reH ymenop
ter
a,
um b
el
li
ferousfl
owers
,fol
iageofnat
iveshrubsandtrees
, Co
leopter
a(C eramby c
idae),andBlat
todea
,andthei
r
fore
stl
itt
er,an dgr
ass
.L arva
eo ccu
rinro t
tenwoo dor dev
elopmentinvo
lvesb o
t hexte
rna
landinte
rna
lfeed
ing
stemsofv a
riousspec
ies,e.g
.,cas
toroilplan
t(R ic
inus st
ages(Se
lander1991 )
.Un lik
eotherrh
ipiphor
ids
,the
commun
is)
. la
rvaofRh
ip tenai
is sa ner uc
ifo
rm,appa
rent
lyfr
ee-
l
ivi
ng
Co
l
lec
t
i n
g:swee
pingorbe
at
ingfo
l
iageoft
ree
s,sh
rub
s, pr
eda
t o
roflar
vaeofPrionoplus(Cer
am by
cida
e)(Hud
son
a
ndl
owervege
ta
tion
,orfr
om i
nte
rcep
t
i o
ntrap
s. 1934
)
.

RANGE.N o
rth®
,South®,S
tew
ar
t RANGE.Nor
th®.Sou
th®,St
ewar
tO
K
ermad
ecsO,Th
reeKin
gsO,Cha
tham
s®,Sna
resO K
erm
adec
sO,Thr
eeKin
gsO,Cha
tham
sO,Sna
resO
A
uck
lan
dsO,Campbe
l
lO ,An
t
ipod
esO,Bo
unt
ie
sO A
uck
lan
dsO,Campb
el
lO,Ant
ipod
esO,Bo
unt
iesO

EXAMPLE
.MORDELLINAE — Morde
llaan
tar
ctca W
i hi
te
, EXAMPLE
.PELECATOMINAE—Rhipistenalugubr
isS
har
p,
184
6(F
ig
.213
)
. 187
8(F
ig
.214
)
.

REMARK S
.NewZ e
aland
's mo
rdel
l
idsar
ec u
rren
tly REMARK S
.There
lat
ion
shi
psofourrh
ip
ipho
ridg
ene
ra
be
ings
tud
iedbyDrM.E
.F r
anc
isco
loofGenoa
,It
aly
. inth
ew o
rldc
ont
extreq
ui
rein
ves
ti
g a
t
ion
.
Sug
ges
tedco
l
loq
uia
ln am
e:p
i n
ta
ilbee
t
les
. S
ugge
ste
dcol
loqu
ia
lname:an
tl
eredbee
t
les
.

SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Bat
ten(
1990
),E
rmi
sch SELECTEDREFERENCE
S.S
el
and
er(
199
1)
.
(1
950
),F
ran
ci
sco
lo(
198
0)
,Odno
sum(19
91)
.
[6
5]FamilyCOLYD
IIDAE
[6
4]Fam
ilyRH
IPIPHOR
IDAE F
ig
.215,216
F
ig
.214 L
engt
h1 -
19mm

T
ars
alf
orm
ula4
-4-
4
L
engt
h6-8mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
4
DIAGNO SI
S.B od ybroadlyo va
lo ro vatet on ar
r owl
y
DIAGNO SIS
.Bod ye lon g
at e
, mor eorlesslate
ral
ly subp ara
lle
l
,som et
im esextr emelyelon gate( e
. g
.,
comp ressed,t ap e
ringpo steriorlybutl ackingan c
,o
R
y
t
i
n
o
u
s
) nvextoflatten ed,oftenw i
thr id ges
,p rotub e
r-
abdomi n
alspine
,f in
elyp u b
es c
ent,thepubescencedark ances,orornam entation
,d arkinc o
l our,us ual
lyb rown
orye
llowishan dd ecumb ent;colorat
ionp a
leb rownto tobl a
ck,somet
im esv a
rieg
ate dwithpalero rd arke
rm ark
-
dar
kb rown,withh ea
ds om et
im esblackandel
ytrausua
l
ly ings,us u
al
lym attw i
thv a
rio uspu b
es cence,d ecum ben
t
pal
er.H eadd ef
l exed( inn atura
lpo s
it
ion)
,ab ruptl
y ore rectorw i
thb r
istle
so rs cale
s,r arelyg lossyand
cons
tric
tedb ehinde yestof orman eck
.A n
te nnaewi
th sub g
labrous
.H eadu sua
llyp art
ia
llyretr a
cte dintotho-
las
t7s egm entsflab ella
tein m a
l e
s(Fig.33 ).Eyes rax,o f
tenw i
thaw el
ld evelopedf ron toclyp ea
lridge
usua
llyem arginate, mo reor l
essk idney
-shap edand whichm a
yb eexp andedfo rw ar
ds;ant ennal inser
tions
par
tl
ys ur
r oundingbaseo fa ntennae
.P ronotumt r
apez
- usuallyconcealed.M ax
il
l aryp a
lpw i
thl as tsegm ent
o
i d
al
,sinuateb a
sall
y.El yt
rac over
i n
ga bdome nent
ire
ly
, sm a
ll.Antennae1 0-o r11-segm ented,incr assat
e,with
orshor
teneda nde xposingatl e
astab domin
ala pex
,wit
h a2-o r3 -
segmente dclub
.P r onot
umu s ua
llyt r
a n
sverse
,
longi
tu d
ina
lri d
g esbutn o
tstria
te.P ro
coxaep ro
jec
ting
, occasional
lyqu adrateore lon ga
te,u su a
llye xplanate
thei
rc av
itie
sop enb ehind.L egsslender
.T ibia
lsp u
rs lateral
l y
,withl ateralcarin aecomp le
t eando f
ten
non-serrat
e.T ar sa
ls e gmen tssimp le
;tarsalclaws crenulateord entate,som et
im ese xp and edl a
teral
ly
toothed(Fig
.8 7)
. andw i
thapical
lyp rod ucedf rontan gles
;d i s
cu sual
ly
g
ro
ov
e
d,
ca
r
in
a
te
,
an
d/
o
rt
u
be
r
c
ul
a
te
.
El
y
tr
aw
i
thr
i
dg
e
s
SYNOP S
I S
.H udson(1934)l
ist
ed5n a
tivespec
iesof and/o rtuberc
le sandrow so fpun ctation.P rocoxae
rhip
ip ho
ridforNewZ e
al
and,butW a
tt(1982a
)reco
rded g
l obular
,the
irca v
itiesopeno rclose d
.T a
rsals egm en
ts
only4.Thesp ec
iesarepla
cedin3g eneraofsubf
amil
y s
imp le
.Abdom enw ith5v entr
ite
s,th eb as a
l3f reeor
PELECATOM
INAE,butthest
atu
so f1genusi
su nc
er
tai
n,and conn a
te
.
itm ayhavetobes y
no n
ymised
.K us
chel(1990
)reco
rded
1s pec
iesf
r omL y
nfie
ld,Auck
land
. SYNOPS
IS.Wa
tt(
1982a
)repo
rt
ed196nat
ivespe
ci
esof
Adul
tsarefoundons c
rubbyvege
ta
tion,
ind e
adw ood
, co
lyd
i
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— 58—
families, PYCNOMERINAE and COLYDIINAE. The status of
some genera needs revision. Kuschel (1990) recorded 24
species in 14 genera from Lynfield, Auckland.
Pycnomerines are distinct by having partly closed
procoxal cavities, a laterally expanded prosternal process,
and widely separated metacoxae, and by features of their
larvae; colydiines are distinct by having procoxal cavities
either open or closed by projections of the notum,
moderately widely separated metacoxae, and by larval
characteristics (Lawrence & Britton 1991).
Adults may be found under bark, on standing dead tree
trunks, in rotten wood, cut branches, leaf litter, forest litter,
and on various trees and shrubs. Most species are believed
to be mycetophagous, but Lawrence & Britton (1994)
reported certain New Guinean species as being predators
of platypodine weevils. Larvae are generally taken from
rotten wood.
RANGE. North ®. South ®. Stewart
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands ®. Campbell ®. Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. COLYDIINAE — Pristoderus antarcticus
(White, 1846) (Fig. 215), Rhizonium antiquum Sharp,
1876 (Fig. 216).
REMARKS. The placement of Rhizonium antiquum in
Colydiidae is uncertain, and should be treated as a tem-
porary arrangement. Lawrence (1994) has shown that
Pycnomerinae are more closely related to Monommatidae
and Zopheridae (sensu Lawrence & Newton 1995) than
they are to Colydiinae.
New Zealand's Colydiidae are under investigation by
Dr M.A. Ivie (Montana State University, Bozeman,
U.S.A.) and by Dr S.A. Slipinski (Polish Academy of
Science, Warsaw, Poland).
Suggested colloquial name: rough mould beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Sharp (1876c), Slipinski &
Burakowski (1988), Wollaston (1873).
[66] Family ULODIDAE
(formerly as ZOPHERIDAE)
Fig. 217
Length 4-20 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body broadly oval, slightly depressed,
brown, matt (exception: Arthopus, glabrous and strongly
glossy); dorsal surface with decumbent and/or erect
pubescence, bristles, or scales usually forming a pat-
tern. Head partially retracted into prothorax; antennal
insertions exposed. Antennae 11-segmented, filiform,
with at most a weak club. Eyes almost circular. Pro-
notum narrower at base than elytra, often with front
angles produced anteriorly. Elytra usually broad, often
— 59
tuberculate, with complete epipleura. Procoxal cavities
closed behind by lateral extensions of prosternal
intercoxal process (Fig. 39) (in Tenebrionidae [68]
closed by mesal extensions of pronotal hypomera — Fig.
38). Tarsal segments simple. Abdomen with 3 basal
ventrites connate.
SYNOPSIS. Watt (1982a) reported 20 native species of
ulodid (as Zopheridae) for New Zealand. Fourteen species
are represented in NZAC, belonging to 4 genera, of which
one is confined to New Zealand.
Adults and larvae of Brouniphylax squamiger occur in
dead bracket fungi (Fomes), and adults alone are some-
times found under logs. Both stages of Syrphetodes are
found under loose bark of standing dead trees or logs and
in rotten branches; adults also are found on the underside
of logs. Kuschel (1990) reported B. squamiger in dead
Polyporaceae on decaying logs from Lynfield, Auckland.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Syrphetodes marginatus Pascoe, 1875 (Fig.
217).
REMARKS. Ulodids are superficially similar to tenebri-
onids [68], from which they can be readily separated by
having exposed antennal insertions, an apically expanded
prosternal process, and in larval features (clypeus fused to
frons, and frontoclypeal suture obliterated). In tenebrionid
larvae the clypeus is always distinct from the frons. For
comparisons of Ulodidae, Chalcodryidae [67], and Zoph-
eridae see Watt (1974a), Doyen & Lawrence (1979),
Lawrence (1994), and Lawrence & Newton (1995). For a
key to all genera of Ulodidae see Lawrence (1994).
Suggested colloquial name: false darkling beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Doyen & Lawrence (1979),
Lawrence (1994), Watt (1974a).
[67] Family CHALCODRYIDAE
Fig. 218
Length 5-22 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body fairly soft, loosely articulated, nar-
rowly elongate, subparallel, moderately convex, glossy,
pale to dark green or brownish to dark brown, often
with metallic reflections, and sometimes with patches of
yellowish pubescence; surface punctate. Head prognath-
ous, slightly narrowed behind eyes, with a broad neck;
antennal insertions exposed. Maxillary palp with last
segment enlarged, securiform. Antennae 11-segmented,
filiform, sometimes with last 3 segments slightly larger
but not forming a distinct club. Pronotum transverse,
—
rectangular, with sides explanate. Elytra subparallel,
without clearly defined striae but with irregular rows of
punctures; epipleura with a carina extending almost to
apex. Procoxae projecting, their cavities large, trans-
verse, closed behind partly by inward extensions of
propleura and partly by lateral extensions of narrow
intercoxal process; mesocoxal cavities narrowly separated,
open laterally. Legs long and slender. Tarsal segments
elongate, not lobed. Abdomen with 3 or 4 basal ventrites
weakly connate.
SYNOPSIS. Chalcodryids are the only endemic family in
New Zealand, with 5 native species in 3 genera. A key to
genera and species is provided by Watt (1974b), together
with a detailed description of this family. Distribution
records suggest a northern limit to the south of Auckland.
Watt (1974b) collected adults by beating branches
covered with moss and/or lichen in cool, wet forests,
especially of Nothofagus. Adults of Chalcodrya are en-
countered most frequently, and their larvae have been
found in short refuge galleries in dead suppressed twigs or
small branches on various trees; they can be collected at
night from moss-covered branches (Watt 1974b). Larval
gut contents predominantly consist of lichen and moss,
with some fragments of mites and spiders (Watt 1974b).
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Chalcodrya variegata Redtenbacher, 1868
(Fig. 218).
REMARKS. Chalcodryids in many features are similar to
Periomylopidae, Ulodidae, and Tenebrionidae. They may
be distinguished from Tenebrionidae [68] in having the
procoxal cavities partly closed by lateral extensions of the
prosternal intercoxal process, 4 connate abdominal stern-
ites (3 in Tenebrionidae), and exposed antennal insertions.
Chalcodryids differ from Ulodidae [66] in their fairly soft
and loosely articulated body (cf. compact and strongly
sclerotised), narrow prosternal intercoxal process, and
lack of concealed lateral procoxal extensions. According
to Watt (1974b), chalcodryids differ from Periomylopidae
in having concealed trochantins on the procoxae and
having usually 4 connate abdominal sternites.
Lawrence (1994) transferred the Tasmanian genus
Sirrhas—placed in Chalcodryidae by Watt (1974b)—to
the Periomylopidae, leaving Chalcodryidae restricted in
distribution to New Zealand. Lawrence (1994) discussed
the new concept of the family.
Suggested colloquial name: southern beech beetles (R.
Palma, in litt.)
SELECTED REFERENCES. Lawrence (1994), Watt
(1974b).
—60—
[68] Family TENEBRIONIDAE
Fig. 219-221
Length 2.9-18 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4 or
(Archaeoglenes) 4-4-4
Adult tenebrionids are highly variable in form, and some
are superficially similar to members of other families,
e.g., Carabidae [2], Scarabaeidae [15], Ulodidae [66], and
Chrysomelidae [77]. However, they are distinct in the
following combination of characters.
DIAGNOSIS. Body usually black or brown, rarely pale,
moderately glossy (rarely glossy metallic) to matt, often
subglabrous. Head not sharply constricted behind
eyes; antennal insertions under a canthus (Fig. 11),
which conceals at least base of scape from above and
usually extends back to anterior margin of eye, on
which it usually encroaches. Maxillary palp with last
segment often securiform. Antennae usually filiform,
incrassate, distinctly clubbed or bluntly serrate. Eyes
usually emarginate. Pronotum usually carinate or
explanate laterally. Elytra usually narrowly oval or
subparallel, with distinct epipleura, if striate then
usually with 9 or fewer striae (exception: 10 striae in some
Lagriinae), often with a scutellary striole or with sutural
striae diverging basally. Hind wings sometimes reduced.
Procoxae variable in shape, often projecting, their
cavities almost always closed behind by extensions of
pronotal hypomera, but not by lateral extensions of
prosternal intercoxal process as in Ulodidae [66] and
Chalcodryidae [67], without exposed trochantins. Troch-
anters heteromeroid (e.g., Fig. 59). Legs variable in form
and function, from stout and specialised for digging to
slender for running. Tarsal segments usually not lobed
below, the claws simple or pectinate (Alleculinae) but
never appendiculate. Abdomen with 5 ventrites, the first
3 connate, and often with intersegmental membrane
clearly visible between ventrites 3/4 and 4/5.
SYNOPSIS. Tenebrionids are a major group, comprising
approximately 15 000 described species worldwide. There
are 149 valid species in New Zealand, 10 of them adven-
tive, in 36 genera, 16 tribes, and 8 subfamilies (Watt 1992)
- LAGRIINAE, ZOLODININAE, PIMELIINAE, TENEBRIONINAE,
ALLECULINAE, DIAPERINAE, and COELOMETOPINAE. Tenebri-
onids constitute 3.3% of the total known species of
Coleoptera in New Zealand (Watt 1992). Kuschel (1990)
recorded 21 species in 15 genera from Lynfield, Auckland.
The biology of New Zealand tenebrionids is recorded
by Watt (1992). Many of our native species live in rotten
wood (Aphtora, Menimus, Uloma, Ulomotypus, Zolodi-
nus), or in powdery, dry rotten wood (Mimopeus opac-
ulus). Archeoglenes occurs in leaf litter and under logs.
Menimus inhabits dead fruiting bodies of large woody
fungi. Actizeta and Chaerodes live in sandy beaches,
recalling the many species overseas known mainly from
arid and semi-arid habitats. Some species (in Artystona,
Pseudhelops, Partystona, and Cerodolus) feed on lichens
at night. Lorelus lives in dead tissue of tree ferns and dead
flower stalks of speargrass. Amarygmus, Chrysopeplus,
and Demtrius occur under loose bark of standing dead
trees. Gonocephalum, Mimopeus, Omedes, Zomedes, and
Adeliini are frequently found under stones. Tanychilus
and Xylochus occur on flowers. Mimopeus occasionally
feeds on live plant tissue.
The adventive cosmopolitan elements in our fauna are
in the genera Alphitobius, Gnathocerus, Tenebrio, and
Tribolium, of which a few species infest stored products.
Collecting: hand picking from under stones or logs (at
night with a headlamp); processing organic litter through
Berlese funnels; pitfall trapping; and sifting sand.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares ®
Aucklands ®, Campbell ®, Antipodes ®, Bounties ®
EXAMPLES. LAGRIINAE — Chaerodes trachyscelides
White, 1846 (Fig. 219); PIMELIINAE — Actizeta albata
Pascoe, 1875 (Fig. 220); TENEBRIONINAE — Mimopeus
elongatus (Brême, 1842) (Fig. 221).
REMARKS. Keys to subfamilies of Tenebrionidae of the
world (based on adults and larvae) are provided by Watt
(1974a). Keys to New Zealand subfamilies, genera, and
species of Tenebrionidae (based on adults) are provided by
Watt (1992). Doyen et al. (1990) discussed the subfamily
classification of Tenebrionidae, with Zolodininae treated
as a subfamily (in agreement with Watt 1974a). For cos-
mopolitan pest species see Booth et al. (1990).
Adults and larvae of Tenebrionidae may be reared on a
diet consisting of wholemeal flour and dried yeast, with
access to water.
Suggested colloquial name: darkling beetles.
REFERENCES. Doyen et al. (1990), Skopin (1964),
Watt (1967, 1968, 1974a, 1988, 1989b, 1992), Watt &
Triplehorn (1991).
[69] Family PROSTOMIDAE
Fig. 222
Length 6-8 mm Tarsal formula 4 4 4
DIAGNOSIS. Body narrowly elongate, subparallel,
strongly depressed, glabrous, glossy, reddish brown,
yellowish brown, or brown, with surface punctate. Head
prognathous, large, slightly broader than pronotum at
base, strongly produced posterolaterally behind eyes,
with a distinct narrow neck; frontoclypeal suture
present. Antennae 11-segmented, with a 3-segmented
elongate club; scape enlarged, with segments bead-
shaped. Eyes small, round, projecting. Pronotum elon-
-61
gate, slightly depressed medially; lateral carinae in-
distinct. Elytra with angular shoulders and with striae
weakly defined except for lateral ones. Procoxae globose,
their cavities closed behind; procoxal process broad;
both procoxae and mesocoxae widely separated. Tarsal
segments simple. Abdomen with 5 ventrites, the basal 2
connate.
SYNOPSIS. Only a single species of prostomid, Dryo-
cora howitti, is recorded from New Zealand.
Adults and larvae occur in logs of rimu (Dacrydium
cupressinum), totara (Podocarpus totara), and hinau
(Elaeocarpus dentatus) which have reached the red stage
of decay, breaking up into rectangular pieces with mud-
like substrate in between, on which they feed.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. Dryocora howitti Pascoe, 1868 (Fig. 222).
REMARKS. In earlier classifications prostomids were
sometimes treated as a subfamily of Cucujidae [46], prob-
ably owing to their strongly depressed body. The genus
Dryocora is also known from Australia.
Suggested colloquial name: red log beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Pascoe (1868), Schawaller
(1993).
[70] Family OEDEMERIDAE
Fig. 223
Length 6-20 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body soft, elongate, subparallel, finely
and uniformly pubescent, testaceous or fuscous, some-
times with dark brown pattern, or uniformly black. Head
small, moderately deflexed, elongate before eyes, equal
in width to pronotum. Maxillary palp showing sexual
dimorphism in almost alI species, the apical segment
expanded and truncate in males. Antennae long, usu-
ally filiform, 11-segmented. Eyes variable in size, entire
or slightly emarginate near antennal insertions. Pro-
thorax subcylindrical, usually longer than broad, widest
anteriorly or at middle, without lateral carinae, distinct-
ly narrower than elytra. Elytra either elongate, with
fully developed hind wings, or shortened and exposing
abdomen, with reduced hind wings, rounded apically,
with indistinct epipleura restricted to basal half; elytral
surface sometimes costate. Procoxae projecting, their
cavities open. Legs slender and long, with hind femora
usually swollen. Tarsi with penultimate segment
bilobed; claws simple or toothed. Abdomen with 5
ventrites, and with genitalia usually exposed in male.
—
SYNOPSIS. There are 21 species of oedemerid in New
Zealand, of which 18 are native and 3 adventive (Hudson
1975, Watt 1982a). They belong in 6 genera representing
2 subfamilies, NACERDINAE and OEDEMERINAE. All our
native species are oedemerines, and some are restricted to
the alpine zone of the South Island. Of the adventive
species, 2 are Australian and the other, our only nacerdine,
is cosmopolitan. Kuschel (1990) recorded 2 adventive
species collected at light from Lynfield, Auckland.
Adult oedemerids occur in coastal habitats, under
driftwood just above high tide, and in inland habitats on
vegetation; they may be common on flowers or herbage or
under driftwood. Some species are restricted in habitat,
whereas others range from coastal to inland areas (Hudson
1975). Larvae live in decaying and/or wet wood, some-
times in timber partly or intermittently submerged in saline
or fresh water, and are common in driftwood along coastal
shores; others occur in decaying Olearia and Dracophyllum
logs and dead branches inland (Hudson 1975).
RANGE. North O, South ®. Stewart
Kermadecs ®, Three Kings O, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLE. OEDEMERINAE - Thelyphassa lineata (Fab-
ricius, 1792) (Fig. 223).
REMARKS. Haemolymph of oedemerids contains the
irritant cantharidin, which may cause blistering of the skin,
so caution is necessary in handling them.
Suggested colloquial name: lax beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Arnett (1950), Hudson
(1975), Rozen (1960).
[71] Family PYROCHROIDAE
Fig. 224, 225
Length 5-10 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body soft, flattened dorsoventrally,
elongate, subparallel, with elytra often slightly wid-
ened posteriorly from midlength, slightly glossy or matt,
variously punctate, with decumbent and erect hairs;
coloration uniformly brown or black, or bicoloured with
pronotum orange and remainder of body dark. Head ent-
irely visible from above, gradually narrowed behind
eyes (never abruptly narrowed posteriorly as in Scrap-
tiidae, Fig. 233); clypeus with an anterior membranous
area; frontoclypeal suture slightly depressed to dis-
tinctly carinate; antennal insertions exposed. Maxillary
palps with terminal segment expanded and truncate
apically. Antennae usually sexually dimorphic (males
with increased pectination), filiform, serrate, or pec-
tinate. Eyes large, projecting, entire or slightly emar-
ginate (Techmessodes). Pronotum small, two-thirds of
—62—
elytral width, subquadrate or subcylindrical, with lateral
margin smooth. Elytra flat to slightly convex, with larger
punctures bearing shorter decumbent setae and smaller
punctures bearing longer, secondary elytral setae; epi-
pleura distinct, narrow, extending almost to apex of
elytra. Legs long, slender. Procoxae conical, projecting,
their cavities open posteriorly and internally; meso-
coxae narrowly separated. Tarsi with penultimate and
antepenultimate segments lobed beneath and with dense,
fine ventral setae. Abdomen with 5 movable ventrites.
SYNOPSIS. According to Watt (1987) and Pollock
(1995) there are 7 native species of pyrochroid described
and 3 or so undescribed. They belong to 3 endemic New
Zealand genera of subfamily PILIPALPINAE.
Adults are found under bark of dead trunks and
branches, or on foliage or flowers. Watt (1987) found very
little pollen in gut contents, which usually contained
fungal hyphae and spores and much amorphous vegetable
matter. Larvae are almost invariably subcortical on logs,
dead branches, or standing dead trunks, where they feed on
decaying cambial matter and fungal hyphae. Larvae of
various sizes are found at most times of the year, indicating
that the life cycle may take 2 years or more to complete
(Watt 1987).
RANGE. North ®. South ®, Stewart O
Kermadecs O, Three Kings O, Chathams O, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. PILIPALPINAE - Techmessa concolor Bates,
1874 (Fig. 224), Exocalopus pectinatus Broun, 1893 (Fig.
225).
REMARKS. The New Zealand Pyrochroidae as defined
by Pollock (1995) are equivalent to the subfamily Pili-
palpinae of Pythidae proposed by Watt (1987). These
authors discuss the relationships between genera and the
status of the family, and provide keys to species (adults
and larvae) and genera. We have followed the family
concept proposed by Pollock (1995), who studied the
classification, phylogeny, and geographic history of pili-
palpine genera worldwide, and extended the family limits
of Pyrochroidae.
Suggested colloquial name: cardinal beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Pollock (1994, 1995), Watt
(1987).
[72] Family SALPINGIDAE
(incl. INOPEPLINAE)
Fig. 226, 227
Length 2-10 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4
Members of this family are represented by two distinct
forms: smalI carabid-like species, moderately convex to
slightly flattened, with a distinct `waist' between pro-
thorax and elytra, and elytra narrowly oval (Aegialitinae
and Salpinginae); and a staphylinid-like species of Ino-
peplinae with short elytra, exposed abdomen, and strongly
flattened body.
DIAGNOSIS. Body usually coarsely punctate, sub-
glabrous or with long, protruding setae (Tricho-
colposinus), uniformly black, dark brown, reddish brown,
or bicoloured reddish brown with brown elytral spots.
Head prognathous, never abruptly narrowed behind
eyes; antennal insertions exposed. Maxillary palps
with terminal segment enlarged, broad and truncate
apically or narrowly elongate (Inopeplinae). Antennae
11-segmented, filiform, without a club (Inopeplinae) or
with a loosely formed 3-, 4-, or indistinctly 5-segmented
club (Trichocolposinus). Pronotum narrowed at base,
broadened apically. Prosternum long in front of coxae.
Procoxae globose, narrowly separated, open behind;
mesocoxae globose, and metacoxae transverse; coxae
narrowly or moderately broadly separated (Aegialitinae).
Abdomen with 5 ventrites, the 2 basal ones connate.
SYNOPSIS. There are 22 native nominal species of
salpingid in New Zealand (Watt l982a); 13 of them are
represented in NZAC. The species belong to 4 genera in 3
subfamilies — AEGIALITINAE, INOPEPLINAE, and SALPINGINAE.
Kuschel (1990) listed 8 species of Salpingus from Lyn-
field, Auckland.
Species of Salpingus are found on foliage of various
trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, with some in sooty
moulds, and are easily collected by beating or sweeping.
Some larvae of Salpingus live under the bark of dead
twigs. Species of Diagrypnodes live under bark of dead
trees, including Nothofagus. The most specialised species
are in Antarcticodomus, living under stones in the inter-
tidal zone on many offshore islands (Watt 1962, 1982b).
They have an elongate terminal tarsomere with strong
claws, as in species of Dryopidae and Elmidae [21, 22] —
an adaptation for life on rocks in the intertidal zone.
RANGE. North ®, South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs ®. Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares
Aucklands ®, Campbell ®, Antipodes ®, Bounties ®
EXAMPLES. SALPINGINAE - Salpingus bilunatus Pascoe,
1876 (Fig. 226); INOPEPLINAE - Diagrypnodes wakefieldi
Waterhouse, 1876 (Fig. 227).
REMARKS. Salpingidae are poorly known, and the
family is in need of taxonomic revision.
Suggested colloquial name: bark mould beetles.
SELECTED REFERENCES. Spilman (1954, 1967),
Young (1991a, b).
-63-
[73] Family ANTHICIDAE
Fig. 228-231
Length 2-7 mm Tarsal formula 5-5-4
DIAGNOSIS. Body antlike, elongate, convex, with
elytra much broader than head and pronotum, vari-
ously punctate, clothed with decumbent and erect hairs;
coloration black, brown, rust brown, or bicoloured with
dark or yellowish spots on elytra which sometimes form
broad bands. Head as broad as pronotum or slightly
broader, abruptly constricted basally and forming a
narrow neck (exception: Lagrioida, Lagrioidinae); ant-
ennal insertions exposed. Maxillary palps with last
segment usually securiform. Antennae 11-segmented,
filiform, usually incrassate apically but without a dis-
tinct club (a weak 3-segmented club present in Macratria
and Lagrioida). Eyes small to large, slightly protruding
laterally. Pronotum approximately oval or quadrate in
outline, widest at front and constricted (slightly so in
Lagrioida) at or near base (Cotes); lateral pronotal
carinae absent. Elytra elongate oblong to elongate or
s u bparallel (some Anthicus), much broader than prono-
tum or head; punctation confused; epipleura incomplete.
Procoxae projecting, their cavities confluent, open behind
(but closed internally); metacoxae almost touching (Mac-
ratriinae) or separated (Anthicinae, Lagrioidinae). Tarsi
with penultimate segment lobed. Abdomen with 5
ventrites, the basalmost 2 connate in Lagrioida.
SYNOPSIS. In New Zealand there are 26 species of
anthicid, 9 of them adventive, in 7 genera and 4 sub-
families — ANTHICINAE, LAGRIOIDINAE, LEMODINAE, and
MACRATRIINAE (Werner & Chandler 1995). Two genera
are endemic to New Zealand. Kuschel (1990) recorded 12
species in 4 genera from Lynfield, Auckland.
Anthicids are general scavengers, and occur in decaying
vegetation such as compost or heaps of prunings, on
vegetation near streams, in forest litter, and under logs.
They may be collected by sweeping vegetation, sifting
organic matter, or from pitfall traps. Lagrioida brouni,
which occurs on beaches of the North Island, has related
species in Australia and Chile (Lawrence & Britton 1994).
RANGE. North ®. South ®, Stewart ®
Kermadecs O, Three Kings ®, Chathams ®, Snares O
Aucklands O, Campbell O, Antipodes O, Bounties O
EXAMPLES. ANTHICINAE - Anthicus hesperi King, 1869
(Fig. 228); LAGRIOIDINAE - Lagrioida brouni Pascoe, 1876
(Fig. 229); LEMODINAE - Cotes crispi (Broun, 1880) (Fig.
230); MACRATRIINAE - Macratria exilis Pascoe, 1877 (Fig.
231).
REMARKS. New Zealand's anthicids have been revised
and described by Werner & Chandler (1995).
Suggested colloquial name: ant beetles.
SELECTEDREFERENCES.A bdu
lla
h(1969)
,K i
tay a
am SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Hay
ash
i(1972
), Young
(1982
),We
rne
r &Chand
ler(1995
),Young(1991c
).
(1
991d
).

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,
w
ithb i
coloure
delytr
a,withh e
a dandpronot
umm ar
ke d
- s
ome
tim
esw
ithd
arks
pot
sone
lyt
ra
,un
ifo
rml
ypu
bes
cen
t.
lyn arrow erthane lytra
,convex,puncta
te,andwith Headstron glydeflexed,ab ruptlyconstric
tedb ehind
ere
cta nd/ o
rd ecumbenth a
ir
s.H eaddef
lexed
,a b
ruptl
y eyesintoan a
rrown eck;frontoclypea
ls uturedist
inct
;
con st
rictedb eh
inde y es
.M ax
il
l a
rypalpsw i
thla s
t antenn alinsert
ion sexpo s
ed .M axil
l a
ryp alpw ith
segm entsecur
ifo
rm .A n
t enn
a e11
- s
egmented
,fi
li
form. termin als egmen ts ecuriform.An t enn aefi
liform,
Eyeslarge
,c oa
rse
lyfaceted
.P rono
t umsm a
l
l,subquad- wi
tho utacl ub.E yesem a
r g
inate,C-sh aped,coarse
l y
rate
,w ithoutlate
ralcarinae
.E ly
trabroad,oval
,w i
th faceted.P ronotumt ransv e
rs e
,w i
thl atera
lm arg
ins
d
istinctshould e
rsbutl ack
in gepipl
eura
;pun ct
at
ion incomp leteanter
io r
ly;dis
cs om e
timeswith2sm al
lb a
s a
l
confu s
ed.P rocoxaep rojec
ting
,th e
ircavi
tie
sop en; im p
ression.E
s lyt
raa sb roada spronot uma tbase,with
met
a coxaesepara
te.T arsiwithpenult
im a
tesegm ent confusedpun cta
tion;e pipleuraincomp lete
.P rocoxae
reduceda ndthepreced
ingo nesl
ob ed
.Abdom enwi
t h2 project
in g
,th eirc avi
tiesop enb ehind.T a
rsiw i
th
bas
als t
ernite
sconn at
eo rsol
i d
lyfused
. penul
tim at
es egm entslobe dben ea
th.Tibialsp u
rsw el
l
deve
lo ped(F ig
.85),p ubescen
t,n otse
rrate.A bdomin a
l
SYNOPS IS.W att(1982 a
)r eported9n at
iv esp ecieso f ventr
itesfree
.
aderidfo rN ewZ ealand.Fif
t eensp ecies(m anyund es-
cr
ib ed)a rerepresentedin NZAC ,a lmosta llo fthem SYNOPS IS.Th erea re4nom inalspeciesofscrapti
id
belongingtoag enusatpresen
tr ecognisedas`Xy lophilus.
' recordedf romN ewZ ea
land(W a
tt1987 )
,plussev e
ral
Thea ss
ig nmentofN ewZ ea
lan dspeciestot hi
sE uropean undescr
ib edinNZAC .T hed escri
beds pec
iesbelo
n gto2
genusis
,h ow eve
r,q u
estion
able.Scraptogetus(M e
tas c
lera) generains ubfami
l ySCRAPTIINAE.Kusch
el(1990)repor
ted
isalsorec o
rdedfromN ewZ ealand(H ud
s o
n1 934),b u
tits 3sp ec
ieso fNothotelusfromL yn
fie
ld,A uck
land
.
assignme n
ttoA der
idaeiso n
l ypart
iallyc on
f i
rm ed(W a
tt A d
ult
so c curonf ol
iagea ndflowersinm ai
nlyfores
ted
19 87)
.K uschel(1990)r eco
rd ed5s peciesof`Xy lophilus
' ar
ea s
,an dlarvaearek nownf romleafli
tte
r.Young(1991e)
fromL ynf
ield
,A uck
la n
d. recordeds crapt
iidl arv
a efromb eneathb a
rk,among
Adu l
tad er
id sarecommon lyfoundonfo liag e,and decayingw o odyfibresofd eadlogs
,a ndfromlichens
.In
larvaeliveinro t
tenwood ,und e
rb ark,andinl eaflit
t e
r. Aus
t r
ali
a,l arvaeoc curund e
rb ark
,inrottenwood,o rin
Adultsm ayb ecollectedbyb eat
ingfo li
ag e
,in M a
laise leafl
itt
er(L awrence&B r
itton1 994)
.
traps,orbylightt r
apping.Th elarvaea rep robablya sso-
ci
ate dwithd ecay
i ngw ood(Y oung1 9 91d)
. RANGE.Nor
th®,South® ,S
tewar
t
RANGE .No rth ®,Sou th ®
,S tew art® K
ermad
ecsO
,ThreeK ingsO,Chath
am s®,Sna
resO
KermadecsO ,Th reeK ings® ,Ch a
th am s® ,Sn aresO A
uck
lansO
d ,Campbe
llO ,An
tipod
esO ,Boun
ti
es O
AucklandsO,C ampbellO,A n
tipodesO ,B o unt
ies O
EXAMPLE.SCRAPTIINAE-No
tho
telu
sus
ita
tus (B
rou
n,
EXAMPLE
.`Xy
loph
ilu
s'n
it s(B
idu roun
,1893
)(F
ig. 18
80)(F
ig
.23
3).
23
2).
REMARKS .S c
rapti
id a
em ayb er ead
ilydis
tinguished
REMARKS .Ad er
idsaresimilarinappear
ancetoAn th
i- fromA nthic
idae[7 3
]a ndA d e
ridae[74]bythepron o
tum
ci
dae[73],butared
ist
inguish
e db yhav
ingthepenu
lt
im a
te havinglatera
lc a
rinaeandb e
ingequ alinwidthtoth e
tar
salse
gm en
tvest
igi
al(cf
.w el
ld eve
lopedandlobe
d)a nd ely
tralbase,andfrom M eland ryid
ae[62]byh avingthe
theprecedingsegmentlobed,large
randco a
rse
lyfac e
ted eyesd e
eplyem argina
t e
,h eads t
ronglyconst
rict
edpo st
-
eyes
,noe lyt
ralep
ipleu
ra(cf
.p resen
tbutincomp
lete
),and eri
orly
,a ndti
bia
ls pursnots er
r a
te(Fig
.8 5
).
fi
rs
t2v entri
tesconn
ateorsol
i d
l yfu
sed
.T hi
sgroupisvery Suggest
e dcol
loq u
ia
ln ame :s o
ftle
a p
ingbee
tles
.
poor
lyknowninN ewZ e
aland.
Suggestedcol
loquialnam es
:pupp etbeet
les
,ant-
like SELECTEDREFERENCES
.Fr
anc
isco
lo(1964
),W
att
lea
fb e
et
l es
. (19
87)
,You
ng(1
991e
).

-64-
Sup e
rfam i
lyCHRYSOMELO IDEA(PHYTOPHAGA ) alustristi
s.T hem a
j o
ri
tyo fo u
rs pec
iesareceram bycines
,
Adultsa r
ech a
racter
isedbyh avingp seudote
tram erous ofwh i
ch6o rsosp ec
iesofZo riona reperhap sthe most
tar
si( 5-5-5
-se
gm entedwiththe4thsegm entr
e d
uc ed)
,the str
iking lyco lourfulb ee
tlesinou rfauna.Th esp ec
iesof
headu sual
lynotp rolongedintoaro s
trum,ant ennae Lam iina ew eret reatedbyB reuning(1962 ), whoa lso
fi
liform ,notclubbed,and m a
leg eni
t a
liaofar edu c
ed provide dk eysfort he
iridentif
icat
ion.
cucujoidtype(L awrence &Brit
ton1994 ).Larvaelacka Ad ul
tsf eedo nfoliage
,flow e
rs,orbark
,a ndsom ea du
lts
di
st
i nctm and
ibularm o
la,gul
ararea,andh ypopha
r yngea
l feedinl iv eshoo t
sb e
foresexu a
lm a
tura
tion;larvaefeed
br
ac on.A l
lspecie
sar ephy
t o
phago us
. internal
l yo nbarko rw oodym ateri
aloftr
eesa nds h
rubs
,A
fewl arv aeofe x o
ticspeciesarek nowntod evelopins eed
pods,o rins tem sofh erb
a ceousplant
s(B oothe tal
.1 990
,
[76]FamilyCERAMBYC IDAE Law ren ce &B ri
tton1994 ).M anysp e
cies
,p a r
ticu
larly
adv ent
iv eon es,ar eofeconom icimportancea sp e
stsof
[ass
is
tedbyG.K u
sche
l]
comm ercia
ltim ber.
F
ig.234-237 Collectedbyn e
tting
,sw e ep
ingfo l
iageandf low e
rs
,a t
l
i ght,orb yr ear
i nglarvaefromw ood
.
Leng
th2.5-50 mm Ta
rsa
lformula5-
5-5
,
appe
aring444
RANGE .Nor
th®
,South®,St
ew a
rt
DIAGNOS IS.Bodye long at e,sub cylind ricalorf la
tten ed Kermades®,Th
c reeKing
s®,Ch ath
ams®,S n
are
sO
and w id e
,o ftenb ro ad-shou lder ed,pub e scento rsub - Auck
landsO
,Campbe
llO,Ant
ipodes®,Boun
tie
sO
glab rou s;co lorationv a
riab l ethroughb rown ,bla ck,or
gre en,o ro fcomp lexp atte rn.H eadv a
riab leinfo rm, EXAMPLES .PRIONINAE - P sW
rionop
lusre
ticu
lar
i hi
te
,
fromp r ognath o
u swiths tro
n glyp roj
e c
tin gm andibles 1846(F .2
ig 3
4);CERAMBYCINAE - Zoions
r p
.(F .2
ig 35)
,
tohypogn athou so rs l
igh tlyop isthogn a
thou s;an tennal
Oemonahirta (Fabric
ius,1775)(F
ig.236
);LΑΜΙINΑΕ–
ins ertion son2p ronoun cedtub ercl esorsw e
lling son ,19
82)(F .2
Xy
lo lesco
to st
ipennis(Breuning ig 37)
.
fron s,e ith e
rb etw e eney esand m and ibles(P rionin ae,
Spondy lidina e)o rb etw eeney es(C eramby cinae,L ami-
ina e).M axil
l a
r yp alp swit hl asts egm e nttaperi nga p
i ca
lly REMARKS .Importan
tr e
ferencesforident
ifica
tionare
ortrun cate(C e ramby c
ina e).An tenn a ecap ableo fb eing Duffy(1953)forBrit
ishspe c
iesandimpo r
tedtimb er
flex edb a ckw ardsag a
in stbody ,e long ate,ex t ending pest
s,andD u
ffy(1963
,1 968
)f o
rA us
tra
lianandO ri
enta
l
beyond m idd leo fe ly t
ra,o ft enequ altobodyl engtho r larvae
.Forwo r
ldreferenc
esone conomica
llyimpo r
tan
t
muchlonge r.Eye su sua llyema rgina te.P rono tum ce
r ambyc
ids
,s e
eB oot
he tal
.( 19
9 0)
.T hesubfamil
yclas
-
si
fica
tionwasdiscu
ssedbyN app(1 994
)a ndLawr en
ce&
cylind rical,w ithl ater a
lm a rgind istin ct
,a tle as
tb asa
lly
(Prion in ae),tocomp letelyab sent.M esono tumu su al
ly Newton(1995)
.
wi
ths t
ridu latoryf iles.E lytr av a
riabl e,fromn ar
rowand Sugges
tedcoll
oquia
ln ame:long ho
rnb e
etl
es.
sub cylind ric a
ltob ro adandf l a
tten ed(P r
ion ina e
),v ari-
ouslys culptu red.P ro cox aef romg lobu la
rtot ransv er
s e
, KEYTOSUBFAM IL
IESOFCERAMBYC IDAE
thei rc av i
ti esop eno rclo s ed.T arsiw i
thp enu ltim ate 1Ant
ennalinse
rt
ionsdis
tantfromb a
seo
fmandib
lesin
segm en tr edu ced . Abdom enu su al
ly w ith5v entrites
. la
tera
lview . . . 2
Aed eag alapod em e sfr ee
,o rl arglyso ;in tern a
ls aclong , —An
tennalinse
rt
ionsc
losetob aseofm
and
ibl
es(Fig
.
wi
thp igm ent a
tioncon f
in edtos tru ts(p arapro cts)
;s tyli 234)
,nearl
yinc o
nta
ctinla
t e
ralvew ...
i 3
usuallyl arg e
.L ar vaew i
tham b u
latoryam pu
lla eprese n
to n
abdom in als egm ent s1 -6o r7 . 2
(1)Pro
tib
iaenotgroovedb e
f or
ea pex
;h e
adw eaklypro-
g
natho
us;ma x
il
larypalpsw i
thapicalsegm en
tsl
i gh
tly
SYNOPS IS.On eo fthelarg estbee
tlefam i
liesinN ew e
xpandedandt
run c
ateatap e
x;antenn a
em odera
telyto
Zeal
and.Hud son(1934 )r ecorded250n at
iveand6ad - e
xtr
em e
lyelong
ate..
.(Fig
.2 35,236)..CERAMBYCINAE
vent
ivesp eciesofc eramby cid,wh e
reasW at
t(1982 a) —P rot
ibi
aeobliquelygroov edonint erna
lfaceb efore
est
imated180v a
lidnom inaln at
ivespec
iesand8adv en- ap
ex;headusua
llyhy pognathou
so ro p
isthogn
athous;
t
iv e
.App roxim a
t e
ly196n at
iv eand8adv ent
iv espec
ies m
axi
lla
ryp a
lpswitha p
icalsegm entf u
sif
orm;a nten
-
arerep
r esentedinNZAC ,belon g
ingtosom e56g ener
a( 8 n
aeusual
lym odera
telyelongate
ofthemexo tic)in4sub families–PRIONINAE,SPONDYL- .
..(Fig.237)..LAMIINAE
IDINAE, CERAMBYC ,a
INAE ndLAMIINAE. Kuschel(1990)
reco
rde d5 6speciesin33g enerafromL yn
field
,A u
ckland
. 3
(1)P
ron
otumw
ithl
ate
ralc
ari
nae
,atl
eas
tinb
asa
lha
lf
,
TheP r
ion inaear erep
r e
sentedbyanend emicsp ec
ies
, andbear
ingsp
ines
;pro
coxaes
trong
lytran
sverse;lab-
Pr
ionoplu sr e
ticulari
s,w h
ichi soneofthelarges
tb ee
tle
s rumfirm
lyu n
it
edtoc
lype
us..
.(Fig
.234).
.PRIONINAE
ino u
rfa una,reaching50mmi nleng
th
.T heS pondyl
idin
ae —P
ronotumlack
ingla
ter
alca
rinae
;procoxaeround ed;
arerep
res entedbya na d
v e
ntiveP a
lea
rct
icspecies
,A rhop- lab
rumfree .
..SPONDYLΙDΙΝΑΕ

-65
-
SELECTEDREFERENCES .B a
in(1976 a
,b),Bl
a i
r bro adb eak,no t ch edey e s
,en l a
rg edh indf emo rau sual
ly
(1937,B
) reuning(1962
),Dumb
leton(1957)
,Hosking beari ngt eeth,a nds hortene del ytrae xp os
i ngt hep y g
i d
ium.
(1978
a–e,h)
,N app(
1994
),Wa
tt(
1983c)
,Z ond
ag&B a
in The rea re2 5n at
i v espe c
i esi n4g en e
rao fE um olpinaein
(1976
). ourf aun a.Fo rak eytog en er aandd escription so fsom e
s p
e ciess e eS haw( 19 57
a,b ).
Our4 -9sp ec iesin2g en erao fC ryp toc eph alin aea re
[77]Fami
lyCHRYSOMEL IDAE dis
ti ncti nt heirp a
rti a
llyg lab ro us
,c om pact,s ub cylindric
al
(
includ
ingBRUCHINAE) orcy lind ricalbodyfo rm,hypogn athou sh eadd e eplyin-
[a
ssis
tedbyL.L eSage] serte di n
t ot hep r o
t h orax
,b roa dlys eparate dlo n ga ntennae
,
ando ftene xp os edp ygidium .
F
ig.238
-243 OurG a
l eru cin aein c
lud esom e76sp eciesin2t ribes,
L
eng
th1
-10 mmT
ars
alfo
rmu
la5
-5-5
,app
ear
ing4
-4-4 Galer ucinia n dA lt
i cini(thel atteri so f
t eng ive ns u bfamily
status )
.G a
l eru cini,r epres ent edbysom e57sp eciesin3
DIAGNOS IS.Bodyfo rmv eryd iv erse,e long ateand end em icg ener a,a rec ha
r acterise db yt hei
rp rog nat housor
subp arallel,ov al,h emi sph e
ric al,cy lind ricalo rsub - hyp o gnat ho ush ead,w ithu s uallyfiliforma n
t en naei nser
-
cy lindrical,fl a
tten edo rs tronglyconv ex,u suallysub - tedc los etog eth eronth ef ron s,p rono tumw ithd is
tinct
gl abrou sbu tsom etim espub es cento rb ea r
ings cales later a
lm argin s,andm e
t afemo raswo llenno tmu chmo re
(B r uch
i nae,s om eE um o
lpin a
e),g loss yord ull( e
.g.,s ome tha nt hem es ofem or a
.
Gal eruc
i nae);c ol
o ra
ti onbr ow n
,b lac k
,y ellow ish,o rm ul- Th eA lticini,common lyc a
ll edfl ea-b eetlesb ecau seof
tic olo
r edw iths potso rstripes,oft enw itham eta
llics hine theiru suallysm alls ize( 1-5mm )a nda b
ilityt oj um p
,a r
e
(e. g.
,C h
ry som el
i nae).H e adpro g na
t hous,h y pogn a
th ous
, repr ese n
t edb ys om e1 9s p ecies( 6e x o
tic,1 3n ative)i n10
orop isthogn athou s,som etim e sd e eplyin ser
t edin to gen er a
.Th eyv aryinfo rmf rome long atetoov aland
pro thorax,som e
tim esbe ar
ingg roov eso rp romin en ces
, con ve x
,a ndu su al
l ya reg lab ro usa ndv aria blei nc o
l ou
r—
som et
im esro stratebu tw ithro strumnolong e
rth anw ide metallic,b rown i sh,y el
low ish ,b lack ,blu e,o rd arkw i
th
(B ruchina e);an tenn alin ser
tion se itherc lo setog eth e
r pales trip es.Th eya red istin c
tinh avingu su al
lyf il
iform
onf romo r we l
Isepa rated ,neve ronap rom inence . antenn aew ithn arrow lys ep ar a
t edin sertion s,p rono tum
An tennaeno tcapab leo fbe ingf lexedbackwa rds wit
hd ist
i nctl ater a
lm arg
i ns,a n ds t
r onglye n
l arg edm eta
-
ag ainstth ebody ,u suallysho rt erth anbody ,fili
fo rm, fem orac o ntaini ngt h ee nd osk e
l e
t a
lj um p
i ngo r ga n
.
som etim esb ro ad eningap ically.Ey esu su al
lyen tire
. O urC hr ysom elin aec om p
ris es om e4 1s pecie s(i nclud
-
Pr onotumn arrow ert hanel y
trao ra sb roada se lyt
r a
lb ase, ing5e xotic)i n9g e nera
.T h eya reu s ua
llyo fm ediums ize,
witho rw ithou tl ateralm argins.M esono tuml acking pred om in antlyg los sya ndm etall
i c
,w i
t hb o dys ha pev a
r-
stridulatoryf iles
.E lytraen ti
reo rsho rtenedandl eaving iabl efromn arrow lye long atetob ro ado rh em isph e
rica
l
py gidiume x posed,stria
teo rw ithc onfus edp un c
tures.T ar
si ando fd ifferingc o nv exi
ty,a ndh eadu su a
ll yo bliq ue,w i
th
with4 ths egm entu su a
llysho rtandcon c ealeda tb aseo f frontm argino fc ly pe u
sa p pro xim atelyt run cate,a nten n
ae
pr ecedings egm ent. Abdom en w ith5v ent r
ites;b as a
l fi
liforma n dw i del ys eparate d,a n dpr oco xaet ra nsv er
se.
ven tr
itesno tfu sed .A ede ag a
lapod em esfu sedtofo rma Th em ajorityo fch rysom elid sfe edonl eav es,though
spoon -
lik eroo fov erintern a
ls a c
,wh ichi ssho r
tandin som ear ek n ow nt oc o n
sum ep ol
le na nda nt hers.B r uchine
s
do rsalv iewcomp letelycov eredbyfu sedapod em es; feed m a
in lyonl egum es eed s,anda llbu ton ea r econ-
ov ipositorw ithp rox im alh em isternite ssho rt,w e akly sider edtob eag riculturalp ests.InN ewZ e a
l andch ryso-
pigm entedo rm emb ranou s;styliu su a
llyv erysm allor mel
idadu ltsa recommon lyco ll ectedf romlow -grow ing
ab sent.L arva ew ithoutambu lato ryampu l
la eonabdom - plantso rb ush es.M a nys peci esa reh ost-spe c
ific.T hef am-
in alse gme nts
. ilyc o n
t ainsar elati velylar gen um bero fp estso fc ul
tivated
plants,s om eo ft h emt ransm ittin gpl antvir use s
.P arop s
is
SYNOPS IS
.Hud son(1934)recorded155n ativespecies charybd is(C hry som el
in ae),s elf-in
tr od ucedt oN ewZ ea
-
ofchrysomel
ida nd1a dvent
ives pec
iesofbru chid(he
r eas landf romAu strali a,isc au sings ev ered am ag eingum
Bruch
i n
ae).W a
tt( 1982a
)recorded1 46nat
i ves pec
iesa nd plantatio ns(S e
lm an1 963,B ai n1 97 7a)
.F orc osm o pol
itan
7adv ent
iveo rintrodu c
ed,including1b ru chine
.F ive spe c
i eso fe c on om i cim p orta nces e eB o o
t he ta l.( 1 990
).
moreint
roducedb ruchi
nesaren owr e
presentedi nNZAC , L arva eh a vev eryd i ve
rs ef ee d
i ngh abits
,f or agin ge xte
r-
makin
gat ot
alofs om e134nat
ives pec
iesand1 9a d
vent
i v
e nal
l yo ri ntern a
ll yo nl ea
v es,o rs tem s
,o rr o o
ts.I ng enera
l,
orint
rodu c
ed.Th eseb e
longtosom e33g en erain5sub - larv aeo fC ry pto ce ph a
lina ef ee do nd ea dl eav esa c cum u
-
fam i
lies–BRUCHINAE, CRYPTOCEPHALINAE, EUMOLPINAE, latedonth eg round(knownon lyf romexo ti csp ec
ies)
,
CHRYSOMELINAE,a ndGALERUCINAE. Ku
schel(1 990)repor- tho seo fEumo lpin a eoc cu rinth eso ilandp rob ablya r
e
ted2 0spec
iesin1 2gener
afromL ynfie
ld,A uckl
and. rootf eeder s
,t h oseo fC hr ys om elinaef ee do nf o
lia ge,and
TheB ruch
inae,repres
entedby6s p
ecie
si n4g ene
ra,are man yG aler ucin aea r em in erso fr o o
tsa ndl ea ves,t hou gh
dis
tin
ctinhavinga no va
tebody,us ua
llybroadp oste
rior
ly, som ef e ede x
t ern a
ll yo nf oliag e
,f ruits
,a ndflow ers;a l
lo u
r
thehe a
dc onc
e a
l edfromabovea ndprolonge dintoas ho
rt
, intro du cedB ru c h
i na efee do nl egum es eeds.

-66
-
 S evera
lb en ef
icialleafb eet
l esh aveb eend e
liberate
ly —Bodyovaltoroundedorrobust
,butno
tcyl
ind
rica
l
introdu cedtoN ewZ ealandfo rw e edcon t
rol:A l
ticini— (F
ig.239
,2 43
),of
tens
trongl
yc on
vexandc
ons
tr
ic
ted
Agasicleshyg rophi
la ,o r
iginal
l yfromS outhAm e
rica,for an
ter
ior
ly;an
tennaeus
u a
llysho
rt ... 5
controlo fall
ig a
to rw eed(A lternan theraphiloxeroides)
,
andLong itarsusja cobaeae ,f romEu rop e
,forcon trolof 5
(4)H e
a doblique
,w i
thfron
t a
lm arg
instra
ig h
to rbroad
ly
ragw ort(Senecioja cobaea ;C
) hrysom e
li
n a
e —Ch rysol
ina arcuate;clypeusdis
tinc
t, moreorlessm emb ranous
;
hype r
icia ndC.quad rigemina,f romE u
rop e
,forc on
tr o
lof bo d
yu suallybroad
lyo v
al,robus
t,sl
ightlyd ep
ressed
,
StJohn 'swo r
t(Hype ricum);Bruchinae —B ruchidiusvil- glabrous;pyg id
iumu suallynotexpos ed;3rdtarsa
l
losu ,f
s romt h eU n
ite dK ingdom ,forb io
lo g
icalco n
trolof segm entusual
lybil
obed.
..(Fig
.23 9
)..CHRYSOMELINAE
broom(Cy tisuss copa r
ius)(seeS y
r e
ttetal.19 96
). —H eadhypogn athous
,w ithfrontalm arginu sual
ly
broadlyem argin
ate
;clypeusind
is
tinc
t;b odyelongat
e-
RANGE .Nor
th ®
,South ®
,S t
ewa
rt® robusttoo valandconvex,somet
im espu bescen
t,wi
th
Ke
rmadecs ®.Thre
eK ings®,Cha
thams®
,Sn
are
sΟ elyt
rao ft
e nbroade
rthanp ron
otum;p ygid
i umu su
al
ly
A
uck
la
ndsO
,Camp
be
llO
,Ant
ipo
desO
,Bo
unt
ie
sO atleastpartlyexposed
;3 rdtar
salsegm entdist
inct
ly
bilobed. .. (F ig . 243). . EUMOLPINAE
EXAMPLES .BRUCH INAE—Bruch
idiusv
illosus(Fabr
icius
,
1792)(Fig
.238);CHRYSOMELINAE- Ch rysol
inahyperici SELECTEDREFERENCES .Bain(1977a)
,Bo rowiec
Fors
ter
,1771(Fig
.239 )
;GALERUCINAE —Agasic
les hygro- (1987)
,Jo
livet &Cox(1996),K ay(1980),L awson
phlaS
i e
lm an &Vogt,1971(Fig.240 )
,Adox iavulgar
is (1991)
,Pfa
ffenbe
rger(1991)
,R eid(1995)
,S eeno &
(Broun,1880)(Fig
.241 )
;CRYPTOCEPHALINAE- Arnomus W
ilcox(
198
2),Selma
n(1963)
,S h
aw( 1957a
,b).
brouniSha
rp,1876(Fig.242)
;EUMOLPINAE- Euco laspis
brunnea(Fabr
ici
u s
,1 7
92)(F
i g
.2 43)
.
Super
fami
lyCURCULIONO
IDEA
REMARKS .N ewZ e a
land'
sch rysomel
idsarepoorly (RHYNCHOPHORA )
knownandb ad
lyinn eedoftaxonomicrev
is
ion.M a
nyof [as
sis
tedbyG
.Kus
che
landB
.M.M
ay]
ou
rg en
eraw h
icharen owcons
ideredasnat
ivem a
yrevea
l
abroad
erori
ginintheligh
tofdetai
ledstu
die
softheent
ire Adultwe evi
lsar edis
tin c
ti nha v
ingt hea n
ter
iorp ar
to fthe
Au
stra
las
ianfauna
. headext endedin toalongo rsho r
tro strum(F ig.6,7 )
,in
Sugg
est
edc o
lloq
uialname:le
afb ee
tl
es(Al
tic
in
i —flea
- whichthem outhpartsa reoftenstronglym od
ified(fusion
be
etl
es)
. oflabrum,f us
io nofl acini
aa ndg a
l ea
,u sual
lyre duc
tionof
man d
ibl
e s
,f orm a
tiono frigidp alp
s).A d d
ition
ald iagnos-
KEYTOSUBFAM IL IESΟFCHRYSOMEL IDAE t
i cchara c
tersa reantenn aeno tfi
liform ,usual
lyc lubbed,
1Bodyov ate
,slightlyb roadeningpo s
ter
iorly,b ear
ing wi
t halon gscap esom etim e
sfitt
ingi n
t og roo
veso neither
recumb en
ts etaeo rsca
l es
;h eadp roducedan t
erior
ly sideofr ost
r um(F ig.7 )
,b odyr i
gi d
,w ithclosedp rocoxal
andm e
so coxalc av
ities,procox a
eg lobularwithc oncealed
intoasho r
t,b roadro s
trum,s tronglyd e
flexed,con-
trochantins,2o r mo reabdom ina
ls ternite
sconn ate,and
st
rict
edb ehi
n de yesintoadistinctn e
ck
tarsipseudotetram erou s(5-5-5-segm entedbu tappe a
ring
..
.(F ig.238)..BRUCHINAE
—Bodyno tovate,lackings e
taeands cale
s( except
ion: 4-4-4-
segm e n
te d)
.
L a
rvaea redistinctint hei
rc yl
in dr
icalb odyf o
rm(F ig.
som eEumo lp ina e
);he adnotro strate
,u sual
lyno t
99),witha bdom inalse gm ent
s2 -7u nsclero
ti
se dan dwith
st
r o
nglyd e
fle xe
d,w ithoutan eck,andu sual
lyd eep
ly
dorsalplicaeo rfolds,th epresenc eofahypoph a
ryng ea
l
inser
tedintop rothorax . . . 2
bracon(e xcep
ti nsom eleafm iner
s )
,m a xi
ll
aew ithlacin
ia
2
(1)A
nte
nna
ecl
ose
lya
dja
cen
t,i
nse
rte
dbe
twe
ene
yeso
n andg aleaun i
tedtofo rma m ala
,andl egsabs en
to rv es
-
f
rons(F
ig.240
) . . . 3 tig
i a
l(M a y19 93)
.
—An
tennaewel
lsepa
rated
,in
ser
tedabov
emand
ibu
lar
b
ases(F
ig.239
,243) . . . 4
[78]F ami
lyNEMONYCH IDAE
3
(2)Metaf emur modera
t e
lytost
ronglyenlarged,in
A
lt
iciniadapt
e dfo
rjum p
ing
,withanendo
scler
ite
,i n [ass
ist
edb yG.Ku
sch
el]
Ga
lerucininotso..
.(Fig
.240,241
).. GALERUCINAE F
i g
.2 44
—Meta
f emu rno
ten la
rged,no
tadapt
edforjump ing,
Length2.0
-2.8mm Ta
rsa
lform
ula5-
5-5
,
w
ithoutane n
d os
cle
ri
te .
.
.5 ap
pea
ring4
-4-
4
4
(2)Bodycyl
indri
calorsubcyl
ind
ric
al,withpronotum DIAGNOS IS.Body mod er
ate
lyelonga
te,nar
rowly
abou
ta swideasely
tra
lb as
e;an
tennaeusual
lylong ova
linout
lin
e,rus
tbrowntodar
kbrown
,withye
llow
ish-
andfi
li
form;pygi
diumu s
ual
lypar
tlyexposed whi
tedecumbentpubes
cenceandsomescat
ter
ederect
..
.(Fig
.242).
.CRYPTOCEPHALINAE andincon
spicuouss
etae
.H eadab
rupt
lyconst
ric
tedin

— 67—
fronto fe y
es,formingane lon g
ate,n ar
rowro strum, hai
rso rsca
lesformin gpat
t e
rns
.H eadprodu c
ed
som ewh a
tfla
ttenedapi c
al
l y
,sl
ightlyshort
erthanpro- ante
rior
lyin
toaro s
trumlack
ingap air
edg u
la
rs u
ture
thoraxinm aleandlongerinfemal;a
e ntenna
lin s
ert
ions vent
ral
lyandu sua
ll
ysho r
t,broad
,andf l
att
ened(not
inap icalthi
rdo frostrum,d is
tantf rom m andibu
lar cy
lindr
ica
l)
,rar
elymode
rate
lye
l o
nga
te.Labrumdis
tinc
t,
socketsb yatleas
ttwicew idthofs cape.Labrumf re
e, fre
e,sepa
rate
db yagroo
vefromres
to fhea
d.M a
ndib
les
sm a
ll,sinuousl
ytriangu
l a
r,with4sho r
tp eg
-l
i k
es e
tae w
elldeve
loped
.M axi
lla
ew i
thlong
,fl
exib
lepalpsanda
atap exand2p ai
rso fset
iferouspun c
turesdo r
sal
ly
. d
ist
inctlac
ini
a.Antennaest
raigh
t,notelbow ed (e
x-
Mand
i bl
e sacu
te.Ma x
il
larypalpsshort
,f l
exib
le,loose
ly c
epti
on:sl
ight
lyelb
ow e
dinm al
esofHohe
rius
),i nsome
art
iculated.Antenn aestra
ight,withs capesho r
t,ap- m
alesm u
chlonge
rthanbodyle
ngt,w
h itham oreorle
ss
prox
im a
telyaslonga
s2fol
lowingsegm
entscomb
ined
, d
is
ti
nct2-or3-segment
e dc
lub
,andwithsc
apere
cei
ved
andwitha loose
,3-s
egmentedclub
.Eyesroundla
t- i
ntoas c
robeo nsid
eo fhead
.Prono
tumu su
al
lywitha
e
ral
ly
,coar
selyf
ac e
ted
.Pronotumno tca
rinate
.Elyt
ra t
ransv
ersesub-basa
lcarin
ajoin
edtolat
era
lcar
inaeof
d
ist
inc
tlyandregular
lystr
ia
te.Hindwing swel
ldev- v
ary
in glength
.E lyt
rainte
rnal
ly w
ithasupra
cost
al
e
loped
.Procoxaeconi
cal
,thei
rcavi
tiesclos .T
ed ib
iae f
lang
e,andusu
allywithascut
ell
aryst
rio
le.Procoxa
e
w
ith2spurs
inbo thsexe
s.Tarsa
lclawsw i
thad ent
i- g
lobo
se,p
roj
ect
ing,th
eircav
it
iesclo
sedbeh .T
ind ibi
ae
fo
rma pp
endage
.A bdomin
alvent
ri
tesfr
eelyart
icu
la
ted
; l
ackin
gspur
s.Abdomenw
ith5ven
tr
it
es,th
eb a
sal4
p
y g
id
iumcon ce
aledbyely
tra
. fu
sedtog
eth
er
;pyg
id
iumexpos
edbe
yondely
tra
.

SYNOPS IS.NewZ ealandh as4sp ec

i e
so fnemony chid, SYNOPS IS.Th erea r
e58end em i
cN ewZ ea
l andsp ecies
of wh ich1n at
ivesp e
ciesisd e
scribedand3a reund e
s- ofan thribid,and3in trodu ced(2adv entive,1common ly
crib ed(G .Ku sche
l,p ers
.comm .)
;a l
lb elongtoth esub- inter cepted )
,b elongingto28g en erain2sub fam i
lies—
fam il yRHINORHYNCHINAE. ANTHR INAEa
IB ndCHORAGINAE. O ftheend em icsp ecies
,5
Rhino rhyn chusru fulusr epre
sentsana rch a
iclineage arec o nf
ine dtoth eThreeK in gs
,6h aveb eenr ecordedo nly
asso ci a
t edw i
thPodo carpaceae(Ku schel1995 ).Adu l
ts fromt heN or
thI.and7f romt h
eS o u
t hI.
,6a rec onf
inedt o
occ uri ne piphy
tesofp o doc
arpforestsando ccasi
onallyin theC h a
th am s
,1i sfou ndo nlyo nB o untyI.,1i ss h
aredb y
for estlitter
;af ewh a v
eb eenc o
lle
ct edinN orth
landf rom Stew artI.andTheSna res,a nd1isp resento nS tewartI.,
lo gso fk a u
ri(Ag a
thisau s
tral
is.K
) u sche
l( 1990)recorded TheS nares,a ndt heA ucklandI s
.T herem a
i n
d erarem ore
thiss peciesfromL ynf
i e
ld,A uck
la nd
,o ntan e
k ah
a(P h
yl- widelyd istributedonth em ainisland s.Th em ajori
tyo f
lo c
l ad ustrichoman oides
),mi
r o(Pr um no
pitysfer
ruginea)
, endem icsp e c
iesr e
str
i c
tedtoap a
rticul a
rzoog eograph ic
andk ahik a
tea(D acrycarpusd a
crydioides.L
) a
r va
e,d es
c- regio naref ligh
tless.
rib edandi llus
tratedby M ay(1993 ),arepo l
lenf eeders Mo sto fou ran thr
ibid sar easso c
i atedw iths tanding
de velo p
i nginm a
lec ones(st
r ob
il
i)o fP odocarpac
eae. vegetationi nn atura
lpl antcomm unit
i es
.H oll
ow ay(198 2)
establishedt hefollowi nggro upsofh a b
itatsfora d u
lt
s:( 1)
RANGE.Nor
th ®
,South ®,S
tewar
t exclusi ve
l yo nstan d
ingv e ge
t a
tion;( 2)o nstan d
in gveg e-
K
ermad
ecsO
,Th r
eeK ingsO,Chath
am sO,Sna
resO tat
io no ri nlit
ter;(3)e xclus
i ve
lyi nlitter
;a nd( 4)ino ro n
A
uck
lansO
d ,Campbe
llO ,An
tip
odesO ,Boun
t sO
ie lit
tor allich enso rfungi.Adu l
tan th r
ibid sfeedonfung i
(m a
in lyA scomy cet
esandFung iImp erfect
i)andl ich ens
EXAMPLE.RHINORHYNCHINAE — R
hin
orh
ync
husr
ufu
lus (H o
ll ow ay1 982
,K us
c hel19 95)
.T hef ungalm a
teria
lc o n
-
(B
roun
,1880
)(Fig
.244 )
. sis
tso fs p ores
,fra gme n
tso fh yphae,a ndr upturedfruit
i ng
bodie s.Fou rspe c
iesf eedonhyph aeanda scospo r
e so f
REMARKS
.Sugg
est
edco
lloqu
ialn
ame
:st
raigh
t-ho
rned sootym oulds,w hichg rowo ntheh on eydewd eposit
e db y
we
evi
ls
. som es ca
l ei n
sects(C occoid ea
).L arv aearem ostlye ndo-
phyti cind eadanddy ingb ranch eso ftr eesandsh rub s
SELECTEDREFERENCE
S.Ku
sch
el(
198
3,1
995
),M
ay (H o
ll ow ay1 982
).
(
199
3).
RANGE .Nor
th®,South® ,S
tewar
t
K
ermadesO
c ,ThreeK ing
s®,Ch a
thams®,Snar
es
[
79]F
ami
lyANTHR
IBIDAE Auck
lands®,Campb
ellO ,An
tip
odesO,Boun
ti
es
[a
ssi
ste
db yB
.Α.Hol
low
ay]
F
ig.245
,246 EXAMPLES.ANTHRIBINAE Sh
arp
iusvenu
— stus(B
roun
,
1914
)(F
ig.245)
;CHORAGINAE Dysno
cryp
tuspa
ll
idu
s
L
ength0.8
-7 mm T
ars
alform
ula5-
5-5
,
—

B
roun
,1893(F
ig.246)
.
a
ppea
ring4
-4-
4
DIAGNOS . Bo
IS d
y modera
tel
yelongatetoovate
, REMARKS.Fo
rkeystothegen
eraandsp
ecie
soc
cur
rin
g
mode
rate
lytost
ron
glycon
vex
,u su
al
lystr
o ng
lysc
ler
o- inNewZea
lan
dseeH o
lloway(198
2).
t
ise,c
d l
othedwi
thb
lack
,brown
,gre
eni
sh,and/orwhi
te S
ugg
est
edco
llo
quia
lnam e
:funguswee
vil
s.

— 68—
KEYTOSUBFAM ILIESOFANTHR IB IDAE forov ipos
itionandlarvald eve
lopm en
t,pup a
tiono ccur
-
[Sl
ightlym od
ifiedf romH o
ll oway1 98 2] ringins i
tu(M ay1993 )
.Adu l
tso fPachyurinusareo ft
en
beatenfromP od
o c
arpaceae,butth ehosttre
eso fknow n
F
irstand2ndan t enn a
ls egm entsnota rched ,u sual
ly larvaea reangiosperms,Nothofagu s andTo roni
a(M a
y
symm e
tri
c a
l,bu tifasymm et
ric a
lth enan tenn aevery 1 99
3).A r
aliuswollas
tonil ivessub cort
ical
lyindy ingo r
sl
end erandr ea ch
ingb a ckb eyond m iddl eo fely
tra; deadb ranchesofPseudop anaxa rboreusandP .lessoni
i,
these2s egm entsn om orec onv e
xo ne xt
er nalm a
rgin
wheret h
ethinbarklayerhasn o
ty etbe comedry(K u
s che
l
thano ninte
rnalm arg
inw hena ntenna efold edagains
t 1990 ,M ay1993 ).Forg en er
alin form a
tiononn atural
body;scrobeseit h
erlateralor
,ifd orsol a
teral,then1st
h
i s
torys eeM ay(1993)a n
dK uschel(19 9
5).
antennalsegm entpyriformo robliqu e
lytrun cateat
base... ( Fig. 245).. ANTHRIBINAE RANGE.Nor
th ®
,SouthO,St
ew a
rtO
—F
irstand2ndan tennals egm entsar ch edanda sym -
K
erma
decsO
,ThreeKingsO
, Chath
am sO,Sna
resO
me
t r
i c
al, moreconv exonex ternalm arginth anon A
uck
lansO
d ,Campb
el
lO ,An
tip
odesO ,Boun
tie
sO
in
t erna
lm a
rginwh enan tenn a
efo ldedag ainstbody;
scrob e
salw ay sdo rsa
l. ..(Fig.246 )..CHORAGINAE EXAMPLE S.BELINAE - Cy
rotyphu
str
id s (F
en ab
ric
ius
,
)(F
1792 ig.247
);AGLYCYDERINAE- Ara
liu
s wo
lla
ston
i
SELECTEDREFERENCES.Ho
lloway(1971
,1982
), (Sha
rp,1876)(F
i g
.248)
.
Ku
sch
el(1
995
),Ma
y(19
93)
,Zimmerm
a n(19
94)
.
REMARKS
.Su
gge
ste
dco
llo
qui
aln
ame
:au
str
alw
eev
il
s.
[80]Fami
lyBEL
IDAE KEYTOSUBFAMIL
IESOFBEL
IDAE
[as
sis
tedb
yG.Ku
sch
el] OCCURR
INGINNEWZEALAND
F
ig.247
,248 [byG
.Ku
sche
l]
L
eng -13 mm
th3 Ta
rsa
lformu
la5-
5-5
,appe
ari
ng A
nte
nnaelack
ingadist
inctcl
ub( aw eak
,l oose
lydefin
ed
4
-4-4
;or4-
4-4
,appe
ari
ng3-3-
3 4-se
gm en
tedclubrare
lypresent)
;tarsa
lf o
rm u
la5-5-
5,butappear
ing4-4-4becau seofv es
tigi
al4thseg-
DIAGNOS IS.B od ye longat eandsubp ar a
llelo rb road-
ment
;tar
salsegment1atleastaslonga ssegm en
ts2
ly,i rregula r
lyova l,withh e adandp ron otumd is
tin ct
ly
na rrow erthane lytraandt ap eringan teriorly;surfa c
e and 3comb ined. .
.(F ig. 247 )..BELINAE
esp ecial
lyo fe lytrasom etim estub erculate,w ithd ecum - —Antennaewithad is
tinc
t2- segm en
t edclub;tar
sal
formula444 ,appear
ing3 -3-3b e
c auseofvest
igia
l
bento rere c
tpub escenc eors c ales.H eade ith e
rb r oad,
3rdsegment
;tar
salsegment1s hor
terthansegm e
nts2
ab rup tlycon s tr
i ctedb ehindey es,andw ithro strum
and3comb ined...(Fig.248 )..AGLYCYDERINAE
sho rtandb road(Ag lycyd erin ae)o rno tcon stricted
beh indey esandw ithro st rume longa teandu sually
SELECTEDREFERENCES. Ku
sch
el(1995
),M
ay
broad(B el
in ae);an tenna lin ser t
ion su sua l
lyinba sal
(1
993
),Z
imme
rman(
199
4).
halfo fr o
strum .L ab rumn otv i
sib le.An tenn aestraigh t
,
withaw e
lld ef
in ed2 -s e
gm en tedc lub(A glyc yder
in a
e)o r
with outac lub,r arelyw ithaw e akandl oo selydefin ed
[81]Fam i
lyBRENT IDAE
4-segm ent edc lub(B el
in ae).P rono tumw ithsid essub -
parallelo rconv ergingap ically,l ackingl ateralm argin s
. (
inc
l.ΑΡ
ΙΟΝΙΝΑΕ
)

Elytrav ariableinsh ap e
,o f
t ensubp a
r al
lelinp art
,som e- [ass
iste
dbyG .K u
sche
l]
t
im esw ithp ro
t ub e
ra nces(B elinae)o rw it hc oarse
lyp u nc
- F
i g
.2 49
,25 0
tates tr
i a
ea n
dp rojectings horth airsa nds c ales
.P roco xae Length2-4
//18-75 mm

T
ars
alform
ula5-
5-5
,
proje c
ting,t h
eirc a v
itiesb roadlyc l osedb ehindb uts om e
- a
ppea
ring4
-4-
4
tim esw i
thn ar rowl at e
r a
lex ten sion s.Ta rsiw ith4 tho r
3rds egm entr edu c ed. Abdom en w i th5v entrites; DIAGNOS IS.B odyeithe
re xt r
em e
lyn arr owl
ye lon gate
,
py g
id iumc onc ealed. withheada slonga spronotumande l y
t racomb inedo r
slight
lysho r
t e
rinf emales(B r en
tinae),o rm oder ate
ly
SYNOPS IS.Belidsarerepre
sentedinN ewZ ea
landby2 elongateandpy r
iform,w ithh eada slonga se lytrao r
subfami
lie
s–BELINAE wi
t h10d esc
ribedn a
tivespec
iesin sho rt
er(Ap ioninae)
,subg l abrouso rpub esc
en t
.H ead
2gene ra,andAGLYCYDERINAE w ith1end emicN ew withrostrumlongandna r row ;gu larsu tured istinct
Zea
landspecie
s.Ku sche
l(1990 )recordedthela
tterfrom and m erg
edin t
oon e;antenn a
li nse
rtionsatb as
e,a ta pex
,
Lynf
ield
,Au ckland,and May(1993 )from Wh angamo a orin middleofrostrum.Lab rumno tvisible
. Max illae
andCuvierIsl
a nd
. andlab iumr edu ced;maxill a
ryp a
lp srigidandl abial
Adul
tsofCy rotyphusareu sual
lyfoundina ssoci
ation palpsreduc .An
ed tennaestra igh tor(N e ocyba)slightly
wi
thP odo
carpaceae
,b u
tutil
ised e
adw o
o dofm anykinds geniculate
,lackingac lub(B r ent
in ae)orclubp resent

-69
-
(Apionina e)
.Protho r
axw i
thoutlate
r alcarinae
.E lytr
a DIAGNOS IS.Bodyh ighlyv a
riabl
einfo rm,robu st
,
concea
lingpyg id
ium .Procoxaeproje c
ting,the
irc av- stronglysc
lerot
ised,conv ex
,subglabrou sorwithscales
it
iesclo sed.Protibiaewi
thoutag room ingd evic eon and /orbri
stles
. Head w i
thalongo rsho r
tro s
trum .
innerface( consi
stingofdensev e
st
itureinag roov eor Lab rumab sent
. Max illaereduced,w ithshortrigid
impression).Tarsiw i
thpenul
tim a
tes egm ent
sbilob ed
. palps;gula
rsuturesfus ed
.An tennaeg enicula
te,witha
Abdom en withfirst2vis
iblestern
itesfu sedtogether, longs capeand mo reo rles
scomp actc lub(Fig.7,28).
muchlong erthanr emain
ingsterni
tes
. Procox aeproj
ecting,th e
ircavit
iesclo sed.T a
rsiw i
th
penu l
timatesegm entm inuteandcon c ealedatbaseo f
SYNOPS IS.N ewZ ealand'sb rentidfaun acomp rises3 lob ed3rdsegment( ex
c ept
ion:Pla
typodin ae)
.
gener a
,w ith1v er ydis
tinctiven atives p
e ciesins ubf
am i
ly
BRENT INAE and5s pecies(1e xot
i c
,2u nd e
scri b
e d
)ins ub- SYNOPS IS .Cu rcul
ion idsa reth emo s
td iversifi
edg roup
famil yAPIONINAE. ofb eet
l es,w ithsom e50000sp eciesinth ewo rldf auna
Th eg ir
a f
few e evi
l,L as
io rhyn chu sba rb
i cornis
,o ccurs (Lyal1 993).T he yarea lsoth elarg e
stb eet
lef amilyi nN ew
onav a
rietyo ftreesin c
ludingk auri(Ag athisaustra
lis)
, Zealand.W at
t(1982 a
)r eco rded1279n ativeand42ad -
pigeonwood(H edycary aa rbo rea),rew arew a(K night
ia vent
iv esp ecies.Th erea re1496n a
tiveand46adv entive
excels a
),t awa(B e
ils
c hmiedi ataw a),andk ara ka(Coryno- speciesi n2 3 1g e ne
rar epres entedinNZAC ,b elo ng
i ngto
carpu slaevigatus )
.T hefem al ec hewsac avityintheb ar
k 6s ubfam i
liesi nt hen ews ys
t emo fclassi
ficationp roposed
ofd yingo rs uppressedtreesa ndinf reshlyf e
lledl o
gsf o
r byK u s
c hel(1 995) —BRACHYCERINAE ( 49g e ne
r a
),CURCU-
ovipo s
ition(M eads1976 ,M ay1993 )
.Th ego rsew eevi
l, L
IONINAE( 126),DRYOPHTHORINAE (R hyn chop hor
i nae)(4),
Exap ionu lici
s,w asintrodu cedfo rbio controlo fgorse COSSON INAE ( 36),SCOLYTINAE ( 14)
,a ndPLATYPODINAE( 2
).
(U lexeu rop aeus ,andN
) eo cyb am et
rosid eros,an ative Kusch e
l(1990 )r ecord ed184sp e c
ies(24adv entive)in
sp e
c ies,o ccursonpohu tuk aw a(M etrosid e
rosex cel
sa) 102g eneraa n d6s ubfam i
liesf romL y nf
ield,A uc k
la nd.
(K usc he
l1 9 9
0 )
. Sof a ra sisknown ,w eevilsa reex c
lu s
iv elyphy to-
phago us.T heyo ccurinaw id eran geofh abitat
s:s om ef e
ed
RANGE .Nor
th ®
,South ®
,St
ew a
rtO onle aves,o the rsliveinth eso ilandf eedonroo ts;som e
Ke
rm ade
csO,Thre
eK ing
sO,Chath
amsO,Sna
resO boreintos tem s,ando thersm ineb etw eenth eupp erand
Auck
landsO
,C ampbe
llO,Ant
ipode
sO,Boun
tie
sO low ersu rfac eo fl e
av es(M ay1993 ).L arva earec ryp t
ic
,
andu su al
lyf eedin tern a
llyinp lanttissue;som ef eedon
EXAMPLES INΑΕ —L
.ΒRΕΝΤ as
iorhynchusba
rbi
corni
s flow er
sa ndi nd eve
l opingo varies(M a y1 987,1 993).
(Fabr
iciu
s,179
2)(Fi
g.249
);ΑΡΙΟΝINΑΕ —N
eoc
ybam e
tro
- Fem al eso fB r achyce r
in aeov ipositinth eso i
l,andth e
s
ideros(Broun
,1880
)(Fig
.2 50)
. larvaef ee do nr o o
ts(M ay1 993).T hec urculioninesh av
e
manyho st-spe cificsp ecies
,w ithl a
rv aeu su a
llyf eeding
REMARKS
.Sugg
est
edco
lloqu
ialn
ame
:pr
imi
tiv
ewe
e- endophy ti ca
llyonl ivingp l ants(M ay1993 ).Co ssonin e
s
v
il
s. andsom erhyn chopho rinesu tilised eadtissu eofb arko r
rot
tenwood .Adu ltso fS colytin aebo reth roughb arkto
KEYTOSUBFAM ILIESOFBRENT IDAE constructan ur seryg al
l e
r y
,l atere xpan dedb yt helar vae
.
Bodyextremelye longateandn a
rrow,length18 -75 mm ; Pla
ty po d
i nae,k n ow nasp in holeb orers,ca u
s ed am aget o
heada slonga sr em aind erofbody ,orn ear
lyso ; t
imb erbyth eirtunn ellinga ctivit
i e
sandby` saps taining
'
ant
enn aew i
thou tac lub;tibia
lspurp r
e s
ent;trochan- froms ec ondar yf ungalinfect
i on,m a
kingt hemc ons
i derab
le
te
rsn otelongate,h e
n cefem oracont
igu o
usw ithc oxa
e pest
sinth etimb erindu stry.Bo ths colyt
in esandp laty-
at base. .. (Fig . 249). . BRENTINAE podinesf ee do nam brosiaf ungic ult
i va
tedi nt heg a
llerie
s.
—Body mod e
r a
telye long ateandpy ri
form,leng thless Sev eralw eev ilsp ec
i esh av eb eena ccid ental
lyin tro-
than4mm ;h eada slon gaselytr
ao rshor
ter;a n
tennae ducedi ntoΝ ewZ e
aland,a nds om eofth e
sea rec onsidered
wi
thac lub;tibialspu rab sent
;trochante
rse longate
, tob ep estso fa gricul
tur e
,f orestry,org ardens.F oral is
tof
hencefem or
ad istinc
tlyd isjunc
tfromc oxa eatb as
e adve nt
i ves pecie sseeK usch e
l( 1 972)
.
..
.(Fig.250)..ΑΡΙΟΝΙΝΑΕ
RANGE .Nor
th®,Sou
th®,Stewat ®
r
SELECTEDREFERENCES . Kus
che
l(1995
),M
ay Ke
rm adec
s®,Thre
eKing
s® ,Chathams®,Sna
res
(1987
,1993
),Z
imm
erm
an(1994
). Au
ckl
a n
ds®,Cam
pbe
ll®,A
nt
ipode
s® ,Bo
unt
iesO

EXAMPLES .Β RΑCHYCER
IΝ ΑΕ—Anagot
u s
turbo
tt
i (Sp
il
ler
,
[82]Fami
lyCURCUL
IONIDAE 1942)(Fig.251),Mandalotusm i
ricol
lis (Broun,1
917)
[as
sis
tedb
yB.M
.MayandG
.Ku
sche
l] (Fig
.252)
;CURCULIONINAE —A n
draca
llesspu
rcus (Brou
n,
1880)(F
ig.253 ,M
) y
rtonym uszel
an d
icus Kusche
l,1990
F
ig.251
-260 (F .254
ig )
,S tephano
rhyn chuslawsoniSh a
rp,1876(Fi
g.
255)
;COSSONINAE —Mac
ros cy
talu
srem otus (Sha
rp,1
878)
L
eng
th0
.7-30 mm T
ars
alf
orm
ula5
-5-
5or4
-4-
4

— 70—
(Fig.256),Xenocnemasp
inipe
s Wol
las
ton
,1873(Fig. 4
(3)M andibu
lars o
ck e
tdeep( deep
lyem arg
inate
);h ypo-
257
);SCOLY T
INAE—Hy las
tesate
r (Payku
ll
,1800)(F
ig. stom a
lt o
othlong,usua
llys h
arpl
ypointe
d;p ha
ryn g
eal
258),Phloeosinuscup
ress
iHopkins
,1903(Fig
.259); processlong,abo u
taslon gasam a
n d
ibleorlong e
r
PLATYPODINAE-Pla
typu
sapica
li
sW h
it
e,1846(F
ig
.2 60
). ..
.(F ίg
.256,257)..COSSONINAE
—M andibula
rso cketsha
llow( shal
lowlyem arg
inate);
REMARKS .Th emo s
ts tr
ikingN ewZ ea
l andw eevi
lsare hyp o
stom a
ltoothabsen
to rindi
st
inc
t;pharyngea
lp ro-
int h
eb rachycer
ineg enusAn agotus,w hic hi n
cludesb o
th cesslessthanhal
fo fmandi b
ula
rlengt
h,ora b
sent..
.5
sm al
lsp ecie
sandth el a
rg est
,oftenc al
ledg iantw eevi
ls
.
Al
la r
ef l
ight
lessandha vesp ec
ial
isedh abi
tatr equirement
s. 5
(4)Procoxaantemedi an
;a n
tenna
lf un
i c
le5-7-s
egme nted
;
Theya reconside
rede ndange r
edb ecauset heya reproneto fi
rst2v i
sib
les t
er ni
tesfused
;ste r
nite2dist
inct
l ylon-
predationbyth ePolyn esianr a
t(k iore
,R attusexulans)
, gerthansternite3 ;tar
sinoto rslight
lylong e
rth an
andm anyares u
rviv
in go nr a
t-f
reei s
land s(s eeE xample
s tibi
ae;ste
rni
t e9o fm alepresen
t
ofS pecie
sa ndA ppend
i x1).E vi
de ncethatt heyw ereo n
ce ..
.(Fig
.258 ,259)..SCOLYTINAE
broadlydist
ribut
edo nt hem ain
lan dinclud esfragm ent
ary —Procoxapostm ed
i an;antenna
lfun icle4-segment ed
;
rem a
i nsfoundinc aved eposi
tatW a
itom o( approx.1700 fi
rst2v i
sib
les t
er n
itesusual
lyfr e
e;ster
nite2n otlon-
yearso ld)andinth ePu reoraBu riedFo restd eposi
ts gerthanste
rnite3 ;tars
idist
inctlylongerthantibiae
;
form eddu r
ingtheT aupoe rupt
ion( cir
c aA.D .13 0
). st
e rn
ite9ofm a
leu s
ual
lya b
s e
nt
NewZ ealandsp e
cieso fC ryptorhyn chin i(Cu rcul
io- .
..(Fig
.260 ).. Ρ
L
A
T
V
P
O
D
Ι
N
E
n
in ae
),o r
iginal
lytrea
t eda sasub family,w ererevisedby
Lyal(1 993
).N ewZ ea
la nds pec
ieso fM olyti n
ia r
er evi
sed SELECTEDREFERENCES .Bain(1976c,1977b— e)
,
byC raw( inpres
s),und e
rs u b
famil yM olytin a
e. Ba
rrat
t(i
npres
s),Craw(
inpres
s),H os
king(
1 9
78g,1 9
79)
,
S u
g ges
tedc o
lloquia
ln am e
:w eevils
. Kusche
l(1964,1966,1969
,1970 ,1971, 1 972
,1 987
,
1995)
,Ly a
l(1993)
,M a
rsha
ll(1926,1937,1 94
4,1 9
53)
,
KEYTOSUBFAM
ILIESOFCURCUL
ION
IDAE May(1966,1987,1993)
,M ill
ig an(1978
,1979b ,c)
,
INGINNEWZEALAND
OCCURR Z
imm erman(1992—[98
])
,Zo ndag(1976
,1977)
.
[Mod
if
iedf
romKu
sch
el1995
]
— v —

1 Epistom e(d o
rso-a p
ic a
lp artofrostrum,F ig.6)usual
ly
un even,raisedorim press e
di nrela
tiont os u
rround
ing
are a;m andiblesu sual
lymu ltis
etose;rostrumu sual
ly REFERENCES
sho rtandth ick
,no tsexu al
lyd imorph ic
;und ers
ideof Abdu
llah
,M .1969:Th enatu
ralcla
ssi
fica
tionofthe
elytralackings tr
idu la
to ryfiles
;s c
lerolepidiaabsent
; f
am i
lyAnthi
cidaewi
thsom eeco
logic
alandetho
lo-
ve ntr
ite9o fm alew i
thb ladalp a
rtext e
nsiv e
lyscle
ro- g
ica
lo b
ser
vat
ions(Co
leopt
era)
.Deu
tscheentomol
og-
t
i se d
,thearm spi gm en
t ed,broad,usuallydiscont
inuous i
scheZei
tsch
ri
f,MN
t .F.16: 323
-366
.
withapod em e...(F ig
.251 ,252 ).. BRACHYCERINAE
—Epistom eev en,no tr a
isedo rimp ressedinr e
lat
ionto 1973:Th esy s
tem at
icpo si
tionofC is
idae(H e
tero-
su rroundinga rea;m and ibl
esu sual
ly mo respars
ely mer
a)includingac a
talogueoftheworldandcom -
set ose
;r os
trumm ainlyl onga ndsl
e nder
,u su
al
lys ex
- men
tsonc ent
ralEuropeanf ami
lie
so fCucujo
idea
uallyd imorph ic
;und ersideo felytrafrequ ent
lyw i
th (Cole
optera)
.Zoolog
ischeB e
itag19
r :189-246
.
stridulatoryf i
les;s clerolepidiafrequ entlypresent
; A
ll
ison
,A.;S am
uel
son,G.A.
:M i
ll
er,S
.E.1993:Pat
terns
ven tri
te9o fm alew ithb ladalp artlarg e
ly m em- o
fbee
tlespe
cie
sdive
rsi
tyinNewG u
ineara
infores
tas
bra nous
,t hearm sp igm ented
,u sual
lyn arrow,fusedto r
evea
ledbyc anopyfogg
ing:pre
limina
ryfindings
.
a p o d e m e ... 2 S
elby
an :1
a14 6
-20.
2
(1)Meso
tib
iaand me
tatib
iaw i
thdistalorasc ending A
rnd
t,E.1993 :Phy
log ene
tis
ch eUntersuchungenl ar
val
-
combs
.
..(Fig
.253-255)..CURCULIONINAE morpholog
ische
rM erkmaled erCarabidae(In
secta
:
—Meso
tib
iaandme
tat
ibialack
ingdi
stalandasc ending Coleop
t e
ra)
.[Phylogenet
icinv e
st
ig a
tionsin
tolarva
l
combs
. . . 3 morpho
l og
ica
lcharacte
ris
tic
so ftheC ara
bidae
.]Stut
t-
gar
t e
rB ei
tragezurN aturkunde,S e
rieA (B io
logie
)
3
(2)Prem entuminv is
ibleinventra
lview,infl
exedov e
r 488:1- 56
.
po s
tm entum ;antennalfunic
lewith6o rfew e
rseg-
A
rne
tt
,H .R
.1950
:G en
ericnamesofthebee
tlefam i
ly
m
e n
ts,an dsegm en
t7a d
dedtoac om p
a c
tclub
Oedeme
rid
aeandthe
irtypespec
ies
. Journa
lo fthe
DRYOPHTHORINAE(= Rhynchopho
rina
e)
Wash
ing
tonAc
ademyofS c
ienc
es40(7
): 217-225.
—Prem entumv isib
leinv ent
ralview;antenna
lfunic
le
w
ith7s egm ents
,ifapp a
rent
lyfew e
rthenb e
causeof 1973
:Th eb
eetle
softh
e Uni
tedState
s.M ichig
an,
fu s
iono fsegm ents . . . 4 U.S
.A.
,Ameri
canEn
tomol
ogi
calI
nst
itu
te.1
04 9pp.

— 7
1 —
A
she
,J.S.1982:Cons
tru
ctionofpup
alcel
lsbylarva
eo f B
arron
,J.R.1971:Ar
evis
ionoftheTrogo
ssi
tidaeof
Al
e o
c h
arin
ae(Col
eopt
era,S
taphy
lin
idae
). Co
leopte
r- Ame
ric
anorthofMex
ico(Col
eopt
era:Cl
eroid
e a
).
is
tsbu l
lein3
t 5
:341-343. Memo
irso
ftheEn
tomo
log
ica
lSo
cie
tyo
fCanada75
.
1
43p
p.
B
att
en,R.1990: Mord
ell
idae(Coleopt
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a.ThePe
ter
sonfi
eldgu
ides
eri
es.Bo
sto
nan
d
ofLandsandS u
rve
yi nfo
rm a
tio
nserie
s1 6
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,Hough
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.368pp.

1987:Thefami
lyandsubfamilycl
ass
if
ica
tionand W
il
liams
,S .A.1976
:Th egenus O
ligo
ta (Co
leop
ter
a:
NewZeala
ndgen
eraofPyt
hidaeandSc
rap
ti
ida
e(C o
l- S
tap
hyl
i n
ida
e)inNewZ e
ala
nd.N
ewZ ea
lan
dj o
urna
l
eop
ter
a).Sys
tema
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tom o
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o g
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.

- 89-
W
ilson
,E.O.1971
:Theinsectso
cie
tie
s.C
amb
ridg
e 1991b:Inopepl
idae(Tenebrionoidea)
. :F
In .W
.
(Mas
s.
),Be
lknapP
res
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. S
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.),Imm a
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,Iowa,
U
.S.A.
,K end
all
/HuntPub
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ingCo.Pp.551-552
.
W
int
erbo
urn
,M.
J.1968
:Thefau
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fthethe
rma
lwa
ter
s
inNewZe
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.Tua
tar
a16:111-
1 2
2. 1991c: Anthic
idae(Teneb
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idea)
. An
t-l
ike
fl
ow erbee
tles
.In:F
.W.Steh
r(ed
.)
,Imm a
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einse
cts
1970:The Hyd
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)of New (2).Dubuque
,I owa
,U.S
.A.,Kend
al
l/Hu
ntPubl
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ing
Ze
alandthe
rmalwat
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.T ran
sac
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l Co
.Pp .552-554
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Soc
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,biolog
ica
lsciences12
(4)
:
21
-28. 1991d:Eug l
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ea)
. Ant-
like
le
afbee
tle
s.Ιn
:F.W.Ste
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.)
,Immatu
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s(2)
.
W
int
erbou
rn,M .J
.;Gregson
,K.L.D.1989
:Guidetoth
e Dubu
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,U .S
.A.
,K e
ndal
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.
aqua
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inofthe Pp
.554-555.
Entomolog
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:1 -95
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1991e:Scrapt
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).In:F.W.
W
ise
,K .A.
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to ftheaqua
ticand S
tehr(ed
.)
,Imm aturein
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.Dubuqu e
,Iow a
,
sem i
-aqua
ticin
sec
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fN ewZea
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if
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.S.A.
,Kendal
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1973: Alistandb ibl
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ter
-as
sociatedinse
ctsofN ewZ e
al .R
and ecordso
f Z
immerman
,E.C.19
38:Cii
daeofSout
heas
ter
nP o
lynes
ia
theAuck
l andInst
itu
t eand Mus
eum10 :14
3-18 7
. (Col
eopte
ra)
.Occa
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rnic
eP .
B
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,H awai
i)14(12
):199-
1988:Sand-dunetig
erbee
tlesofnorthe
rn New 217
.
Ze
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pte
ra:C
ic
indel
ida
e).Reco
rdsof
Z
immerm an
,E .C.199 2—[98]
:A ustr
alianweevi
ls(C o
leo-
theAuck
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ti
tut
eand Mus
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.
pte
ra:C u
r cu
lion
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.V ol
.1,A nthr
ibida
e—A tte
labidae
1989:Th efamily Gyr
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ae(H exapoda
:Co leo- (1994 )
:741pp .Vo l
.2,B renthidae
,Eu rhynchidae,
pt
era)i
nN ewZealandwi
thadescr
ipt
ionofanor
the
r n Apionidae,imm aturest
ages(1994 )
:755pp .Vo l.3,
popula
tion
.RecordsoftheAu ck
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ti
tuteand Nanop hy
id ae
,R hynchopho
rida e
,E r
irhin
idae
,C urcu-
Museum26: 83
-102. lionidae
:Am yct
e r
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:8 54p p
.V ol
.4 ,Ad e
lo-
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:[900pp ].Vol.5,Co lourpla
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1990: Note
sonco a
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s(Coleop
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a: (19 9
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.6,C o
lourpl a
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Ci
cinde
lida
e).Reco
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st
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.7,Ph an
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:[ 7
00p p]
.V ol
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].M elbourne
,
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it
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r,W.1979: ZurKenn
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.Cypres
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and tomolog
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smonth
lym agaz
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: t
imberin
sec
tsinNewZ e
alan
d3.4pp
.
9
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sEric
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S
col
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estan
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nN ewZea
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2
1.4pp.
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r-
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,Im- Zondag
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tsinN ewZ e
alan
d6.4p p
.

- v -

—
90—
 G
LOS
SAR
YOFT
ECH
NIC
ALT
ERM
S bio diversity
,t het otal
ityo fallt hediff e
r entplants,anim a
ls,
Mosto fth ed e
finition sb elowh aveb eenfo rmu l a
t edw ith f ungi
,a ndm icro organism s,theirg eneticc om po n
e n
ts,an dthe
ir
referen cet oL awr ence&B r
itton( 1994)
,S nod grass( 1935),and ec ologicala s
sociatio ns
.N orm al
lyu se di nan arrow e
rs ense,
Nichols( 19 89)
. e.g.,bi odivers
ityo fb eet
l esfromap articulararea.
aciculate,sl endera n dn ee dlel
ike. bio nom ics,thelifeh ab
its,rep rodu c
ti on,a ndad apta
tio n
so f
org ani
sm s.
acone
, aco nd
it
i o
nof th
e in
secteye inwhi
chtheomm a
tid
ium
hasn e
itherac ry
stall
i nen ora l
i qu
idc on e
,i npla ceo fw h
ic h biota,t hef aunaa n dflorao fad efine dh abita
to rre g
io n
.
there isag roupo fel ong a
t etra n
sparentc e
lls;e yew it ho p
e n bip ect
ina te(ofa ntennae),seep .1 4.
rha bdom s. bla da
l,p erta
inin gt otheb ladel
i kep ort
i ono fstern
ite9 .
adv entiv e( ofsp ec
ies,p o pulations)
,h avinga r
ri ve do n
l y c amb ium ,anar eao fg row inga ndd ifferentia
tingc e
llsint h
e
rece nt
ly ina nare au nderd is cuss
io n
,eithert hro ug hdis p
ersalor stem sa ndr oo
tso fv a
scularpl ants
.
thro ugh ina dve
rte n
to rd e
lib era
teh um ana genc y
. c amp odeiform( of la
rv ae)
,a tleasti nt hee a
rlystages
aed eagus,t hem alec o pulator yorgan,d er
iv edfr omt he res em bl
i ngCampodea(D iplura)
, i
.e.,el ongate
,w e
ll
posteriorp o
rtiono ft heeja culato
ryd ucta ndc o ns
i st
i ngof three sclerotise d
,d orso ventra
llyflattene d
,u sual
lylo nglegg ed
,
parts
:t h eb asa
ltegmen ,w hi chisoftenc om pose do faba sat pre dac
i ou s
,w i
thp rog n
at housh ea da ndu s ua
ll
yw i
tht ermina
l
piece(pha llobase)a n du su a
llytw olatera
l lobe sc al
le d a bd omi nalproc esses(Fig.1 00).
param er e;t
s hepenis(m edi anlob e,w
) hichisu s uallye nclosed can tha ridin,ad e fensi
v ec hemi ca
lf o und intheh aem olym ph
atth eb aseb yt hete gm en;a n dtheint e
rn alsa c( endoph allus)
, ofa d u
ltM eloid
a ea n dO e dem e
rida e
,b lis
t e
ringh um ans k
i n
.
which isp r
im a
ri
lym em br an ousb utoftenb ears inter na
l ca nthu s
,as he
lf-l
i kelateralex pansio no ft hehe ad,pract
ical
ly
scler
itesa ndas clerotisedf
, lag e
tlum( afte
rL aw ren ce&B rit
ton c overin gt heba seo ft hefirs
ta nten nals egme nt(e.g
.,in
19 94)
. Te nebrio n
i da
e:Fi g.1 1
,1 )
.
al
lo patric( ofp opulationso rs pec
ies)
,o cc upyin gm utu a
ll
y cap itate( o
fa n
t en nae)
,s eep.1 4a ndF i g
.2 3,1 87.
exclu s
iveg eograp h
i care as( cf
.symp a
tric
). ca psuIe,asm al
l,c losed,c ontainer-
lik estructure
;o ften
al
luv ial( ofs oi
ls),d eposite db ytheactiono fw ater. ref e
rri ngt oinsecth eadc a psule(Fi g
.1 ,2,4 ,6,7 )
.
amb rosia,t h
ef ung usc u
ltiv atedbyw ood-b or
i ngS colyt
inae car do( pl
.c ardines),t h
eb asa
ld ivis
i ono ft hem ax
ill
a in
andP latyp odinae
;m ores pecifica
lly
,t hep a
rto ft hef u ngusthat C o
l eoptera (F
ig.5 )
.
grow so uti ntotheb ur
r owsa n di
se a
tenb y theb eetles
. carina( p
l.,car
i nae),a nele va
t edrid geo rk eel
.
ampu la(
l pl.am p u
llae)
,ab lister
likestructure;o fte nreferr
i ng cer cus( pl
.c erc
i),a na ppe ndage( ge neral
l ypaired)ofa bd om-
tol arvalstr uc
tures,e .g
.,ambu l
atoryampu l
l ae in a
ls e gm ent9,b uto ftena pp e
arin gt ob e
l ongtoa bd ominal
antem edian ,si
t uatedb efo ret hem idd
le( cf
.po stm edian). segm ent1 0.
antenna( pl.anten nae)
,p aire dsegm enta
la p pen dag esb o
r neo n c
l a d
ist
i ca naly
sis,t echniq uef o
rg r ou p
i ngta x
aa cc o
r d
i n
gt o
ei
t hersi deo fh e
a d,a ndb e aringse nso
r yrec eptor s(Fi g
.l,1 7- pro bablea nc
estralr e
lat
io nships
,b asedo nm easureso f
33)
. s
im i
laritya nddiff erence.
antenna lc leaningo rgan ,a ne xc
a va
tiono f thep r ot
i b
i a
lined clava te( o
fa nten nae)
,s eep .1 4a ndF ig
.2 3-29.
wi
t hac om b-lik
es etalfring ef orclean
i nga nten nae,e .g
.,in clavic orn,witha n
t ennaem oreo rlessd ist
i nc
tlyclub bed
;h enc
e
Carabid ae
. Clavico rnia,ag ro upofb eet
lesw ith thisfeature
.
antennom er ,o
e neo ft hea nt enna
ld i
visions( us ual
l y1 1in c
lic km ec hani
sm ,i na dul
tE l
aterida ea ndE ucnem idae,ac om-
Coleo p
t era
),w h
icha re jo
i nte dtogethe
ra ndf orm t hee nti
re p
l ex` p ega ndso cket'structurec onsistingo fthel ongp ros
terna
l
antenn a(F i g
.l). pro cessa n dm e
s osternalc avi
ty;s udd enf orc
i ngo fthep roce
ss
anteriorp it(=a nt e
ri o
rt ent oria
lpit)
,asm allr ou nd,i n
t e
rn a
l outo f thec avi
tyc ausingc onv u
lsivem ovem ento fthe
depre s
sio nb etwee ncly peusa ndfrons(s e
ea lsot e ntor
i a
lpit) prot hora xrela
tive to thehi ndb o dy
,o fte nresul
ting ina jump
(Fi g
. l
). an d/ ora na ud
i b
l eclick(Fi g
.5 4).
apo dem e,a n ing
r owt ho ft he ins
ecte xoskeleto n( q.v
.)t ow hich c
l u b( ofa ntenna e)
,s eep.1 4a n dF ig.2 3-31.
musclesa rea tt
ach ed. clyp eu ,p
s artoft he ins
e c
th e
a dc apsuleb elow thefro ns
,to
apomo rphy ,ad erivedc haracterorc haracterst a
t e(cf.plesio- w h
i cht he lab
rum isa t
tac heda nterior
l y(Fi g
.1).
morphy );h enceapomo rph i c
. co eval( o ftwoo rm o
reo rganism s)
,h avinge vo
lv edc ont
em po-
app roxima ted,i nc losep hysica
lr e
la
tio nship. ra neo us
l yint h
eg eologicaltim esc a
le.
apte rous,w ithoutw i ngs
. c om b,ar owo rp atc hofs pecial
ise ds pines,usuallyo ntib
iae
articulation ,mo b
ile jo
i n
tb etw eentw orig
i dstr uct ures
. (Fi g
.1 62).
aspirato r,s uct
io nd evicef orcaptur
in gsm allin sects. comp ounde y,i
e nm anya r
th rop ods,a na ggr
e gat
iono fvisua
l
Barb er'sflu id,b eetlerela x
i ngfluid
:et han o
l9 5%( 53p arts)
, e
l em ents(omma tidia)eac hofw hichc orrespond swithas ing
le
water(4 9p arts
),et hylacetat e( 19part
s),a ndb e nz ol(7p arts)
. fac e
to f thec ornea.
Berlesefunn e
l,s eep .1 7. c onidia,a sexua
ls poreso ff ungi
.
bi
fo rou s( ofas p
ira c
le)
,w ithtw oe xtende do pe n
i ngs,o rw i
t h conna te( ofstem ites)
,imm ovablyj o
i ned together
,cf. them o
re
oneb u
t ina ppea
r ancesim ilart othed ou b
les piracl e
. us ualm ova b
le(Fi g
.9 1
)a n dsep ara
t ec onfigura
ti on
.

-
91-
co ron alsu tu r e,th em edi anunp a iredp ar
to fth eep i crani al endoph allu s
,p a
rto fth ea ed eagu s.
s ut ure. endop leu ron(p l.,endop leu ra),th er edu c edp leu rono fPo ly-
co s tat e,w ithlong itud inalr aisedr ib so rr idg es( cost ae),m uch ph ag awh ichi sfu s edw ithth et roch antinandh idd enin ternal
ly.
co ars erth anc arin a e. endo s clerite,anin t ern als clerit e,e.g .,o fth em et afemu rin
cox a(p l.
,cox ae),th eb as als egm ento fth el eg ,a rticulatingto Alticin i,som e
tim esc all edam et afemo ralsp ring,wh ich
th ebody(F ig .57 -65 ). c o nst
it utesas k e
l etalj um pi ngo rga n.
cox alc av ity,th eop en ingo rsp aceinwh ichth ecox aa rticu - ep icr anium ,upp erp arto fh e adc ap sul efromf ron sson eck,
l ate s
.M ayb el at erallyc lo s edbys t ern aalon e,i. e.,ex clud ing in clud ingf ron s,v ert ex,andg en ae(F ig.l,6 ,7 )
.H enc e
pl eu rale l em en ts,o rl aterallyop en ,w h eno n
l yp artlyo r ep icr ani alst em,ο rco ron alsu tu re
,andep icrani alsu tu re,a
comp l etelyc lo s edbyp leu rale lem ent s(F ig.40 -45 )
. Y-s h ape ds ut u
r eo nt heh ea dc a ps u
l ea bo vet hea nt enn ae(F i g
.
cr enu l ate(o fm a rgin s),ev en lyno t ch edw ithsm all
,round ed 1 1 3
).
t eet h(F ig.1 6 3,1 6 4 —h i n dm argino fp ro n otum ). ep ig eal,liv ingonth esu rfa ceo fth ee arth( cf
.h y po geal).
Cr et ac eou s,th irdp eriodo fth eM eso zoi cE ra,ex tend ingabou t ep im e ron(p l.epim e ra),th epo st e
rio rd ivi s
iono fatho r acic
135 -70m illiony e arsb efo reth ep r es ent. pleu ron ,d el
im itedan t erio r
lybyth ep leu ralsul cu s(Fig .2 ,3 )
.
cryp tic,h idd eno rcon c ealed ,ref erringto( a )lif eh ab i
tο r(b) ep iphy t e,ap lantg row ingnonp ara sit
i callyupono ther s,
t axonom i cs tatu s,e .g.,c ryp ticsp e cie s
. esp e ciallyinth eupp erb ran ch e so ft re es
,e .g.
,som efe rn sand
cryp to -,h idd en ,a sin ,e .g ,c ryp top leu ron . or chid s
.
cryp ton eph rid ism ,acond itioninwh ichth eM alpigh iantub e
s ep ipleu ron(p l.,ep ipl eu ra),inadu ltb e et
le s
,d efl ex edo r
ar ec lo s elya sso ci atedw ithth ere ctum ,fo rm ingaconvo lu ted in flex edl a
t era
lpo rtiono fp rono tumο re lytra(F ig .2,3 ,34 ,
la y ero v erit ss u rfa c e
. 35 );h e nc eep ipl eur alc arin a,ash a rpr idg eatl at eraledg eo f
cu cu jo id(o fth ea ed eagu s),acon f
igu rationinwh ichth e epi ple uro n.
ph allob as efo rm sar inga roundth ep enis. ep iste rnum( pl
.,e piste rna),a nt er
i ors cleriteo fp I euro n,
cupu le(o fan tenn a e),t ran sv e
rseandcon c av es egm en t delim it edp osteriorl yb yp le urals u
l c us(F i g
.2 )
.
pr ec ed ingth ec lub( e
.g .
,inHyd roph ilid ae,F ig.27 );h en ce epl stom e,s cleri
t eimm ed iatelyb ehindl abrum(F ig.6 ,b ).
c up ulif orm . eru ci
f orm( o
fal ar va),r esem bli ngac a
t erpi
llar(F ig.9 7)
.
cu ticl e
,ou terl ay ero fth ein sectin t e gum ent. ex cav at e(d),ho llow edou t
,con c ave,a so fam arg in.
de cumb en t
,b entdownw ard s
. exo sk el eton ,ext em alsk eletono fa rthropod s,con s
ist
ingo fh ard
de flex ed ,ab rup tlyb enddownw ard s. orf le xiblec ut
i c
let ot h ei nsid eo fw hic hm usclesa reatt ac hed
.
den ti cu late,b e setw itht inyt eetho rno tch es. ex pl anat e( ofam argi n),s pr ea do u
ta n df lat
te ned(F ig.2 17—
det ritivo r e,anan im alth atf eed sono rg ani cd etritus. pr on o
t alm ar g
i n)
.
dicho tomy ,ab r an ch ingo fas ing les t emin totwoequ aland exuv iae,th emou lted ,c ast-offsk ino fl arv aeo rnymph s.
div erg ingp art s;h en c ed ic h otom o usk ey,ak e yw ithc o uplets femo rall in es,fin er idg esonb asalabdom inals terniterunn ing
div id edin top airso foppo s
ingch ara cters e
t s. ba ckw ar dsa ndo utw ard sfr omi nnere n do fm e
t ac ox ae(F i g
.
dimo rph ic,ex istingintwofo rm s;h enc es e x uall ydim orp h
ic, 92).
diff eringb etw e enm aleandf em al e
. femu r(p l.,f emo r a),th irdandu suallys toutests egm en to fth e
dis c,m ed ialsu rf ac eo fabodys cl er
it e;e .g.,c en tr a
lsu rf aceo f le g,a rtic ulatedt ot ro ch anterp rox im allyandtot ib iadi stally
pr o not um . (Fi g.5 7).
disjun ct,s ep a rat edo rl ack ingcon tinu ity;o ftenr eferringto filifo rm(o fan tenn ae),s eep .14andF ig.17 ,18 .
distribu tiono fsp e cie so rpopu l a
tion s. flab e
lla te(o fant enn ae),s e ep.1 4andF ig.33 .
dista l,n e aro rtow ard sth ef reeendo fanyapp end ag e;th atp a
rt flag e
llum( pl
.,fl ag el
l a),t hirdp arto fa nte nnab e y ondp e d
i ce
l.
ofas egm en tf arth estf romth ebody( cf.p r o xim al)
. Als op a r
to ft hea ed eagu s.
diu rna l,a ctiv eo rh ab ituallyf lyingbyd ay( cf.no cturn al). fligh tin ter ceptiont rap ,s e ep .1 7.
do r sal,onth efun ction aIlyupp ersu rfac e( cf.v en tra
l )
.H e n
ce fo sso rial( ofle gs)
,a d a p
t edf o rb u
r row ingi ns oil
.
do rso ap ic al,onth eupp ersu rfac eandtow ard sth eap ex; fov ea(p l
.,fov eae),ap it;e .g.,onh e adandp rono tumo f
do rso l ate ral,a tth etopandtoth es id e;do r sov entral,i nal ine Ps elap hi nae,S tap hyli ni dae(F i g.1 26 )
.
fromth eupp ertolow ersu rface. fron s,upp eran terio rpo rtiono fh eadc ap sule,u s uallyad i s
tinct
do r sum ,th ean atom ic al
lyupp ersu rf ace. scl eri
t eb e
tw eenep i cr aniumandc lyp eus(F ig.l ).
ec topa ra site,anex tern alp arasi
t e( cf.endop ar asite)
. fron to clyp ealsu tu re,s utureb etw e enf ron sandc typ eu s(F ig
.
ely tron( pl.,e l ytra )
,t hel ea theryf o rew i ngo fb e etles
,s er vingas l).
acov e ringfo rth eh indw ing s(F ig.l ).H e ncee lytralsu tu re,a fung ivo re,f ung us-e ater;h enc efung ivo rou s(=my coph agou s
).
med i anr idg ed ivid ingth ee ly tr
asymm etrically(F ig.93 ,94 )
. fu scou s,d arkb rown ,app ro ach ingb la ck.
empod ium ,ap ado rex ten sionb etw e enth et ars alclaw s
. fu sifo rm ,sp ind le-sh ap ed,i.e.,b ro ada tm iddl eandn ar row ing
end em i c
,p e rtain ingtosp ecieso rh igh ert ax acon f
in edtoa tow ar dst hee n ds
.
geog r aph i cala re aund erd i scussion ;h en cee ndem ism. gal ea,ou terlob eo fm ax illa (F i g
.5 ).

-92
-
g all
,abno rm alg row tho fp l antt issu ec au sedbyv ariou so rgan- hypog eal,sub t err an e an( cf.ep ig eal).
ism s,in c
lud ingin sect s
. hypogna thou s(o fth eh ead ),v ertical,w ithmou thp artsf acing
g en a(p l.,g en a e),ch e ek,th a
tp arto fh eadc ap suleone i
th er d ow nw ard s(F ig.9 ,1 0).
sid eb elowey e(F ig .2 ,4 )
. hypom eron(p l.,hypom er a),ep ip leur alfo ld,o rinadu ltb eetl
es
g eni cul ate(o fan t enn ae),s e ep .15andF ig.6 ,28 . (P ol y p ha ga)l ater alp ortiono fp ro notald i sce x
t en de dv entral
ly
g enit a
ls egm en t, mod i f
i ed9 thabdom in als egm entinb e et
les, one ith ers id ewh ichm eetsl ate ralp ar
to fs ternum(F ig .3 )
.
con tainingth eg en i
t a
li a;inth em aleth e10 ths egm en ti s hypopha rynx ,am ed i anlob eimm ed iatelyb ehindmou th,
usu a
llyh igh lyr edu c edo rfu s edtos egm ent9 . be ari ngt aster e ce ptor s.H en cehypoph aryng ealb r a con( o
f
g enit a
li a,s t
ru ctu r esr el atingtor ep rodu ct
ion . be etlel arv ae),at ra ns v e
r seb r ac eb e
tw ee nh y po ph ary n xa nd
gibbo sity,i rregu larp rotub eran ce;h en ceg ibbo se,v er y a nteri orp arto fh y po stom a
lm ar gi n
.
crook ed ,tw ist ed. hypop l eu rum( pl
.h y popleur a)
, inb ee
tleI ar vae,a reab el ow
gl abrou s,w ithou ts eta e. ve ntr olat erals ut ure.
globo s e,n earlysph eric al. h yp o s
t om a(p l.,hypo stom ata),r egiono fsubg en ab eh ind
mand ibl e.H en cehypo s
tom alm arg in(o fb eetlel a rv ae),a
glo ss a(p l.
,g lo s sa e)
,tongu e;inn erp airo flob e sa tap exo f
ven tr alm argin alth i ck eningo fth eep ic ran ialh alv es;h ypo-
prem en tumo fla bium .
stom altoo th( insom eg roup so fCu rcu liono id ea),atoo th
Gondwana ( `L ando fth eGond s
'),du ring mu cho fth e
situ atedinlow ermou thb etw eenm and ib lesandb a seo f
Me so zoi cE r a
,asou th ernsup e
r contin en tcon sist
ingo f ma xilla e
.
con tin en talb lo ck so fSou thAm eric a
,A f r
ic a
,M ad ag as car
,
in c ra ssa te(o fan t enn ae,et c.),th i cken ed ,sudd enlyswo llen
Ind ia,An tarcti ca,andAu s
t ral
i aw ithN ewZ ealand .
t ow a rd st hea pe x(F i g.1 34).
groom ingd ev ic e,a r eao fv e s
titur ei nag r oo veo rim pression
ind ig enou s,orig in allyinh abitingap arti cu larg eog raph icalarea
oninn erf a ceo fp rotib ia,u su a
llyfo rc le aningth ean tenn a e
.
( butn otn e cess ari
l yr estric
t e dt ot h ata re a).
gu la,inp rogn athou sin sects,fu sedlow erend so fpo st-oc c
iput,
in sta r,l ifes tag eb e
tw eenmou ltsinanympho rla rv a,
fo rm ingav ent ralp l ate(F ig.2 ,4 ).H enc egu larsu tu r e,l ineo f
numb e redtod e sign at ed ev e
lopm ent a
ls equ en ce;e .g .,th efirst
div is
ionb etw eengu laandg en ae;v e nt
r o-a n
t e
ri ore x te n
si onof
in s
t ari sth es tag eb etw e enth eeggandth efi rstmou lt.
po sto ccipit a
lsu tu re.
in te gum en t
,ou terl ay ero fanin s ect,comp risingep id erm isand
ha emo lymph ,w aterybodyf lu idinin se c
tsco rrespond ingto
cuti cle( seea ls oe x osk eteto n).
b
l o od.
in te rn als a c,p arto fth ea ed eagu s.
hab itu s
,g en er alfo rmandapp e aran c e
.
in te rse gm en ta Im emb ran e,fl exib le,in fold edm emb ran e
hem ist ern ites( off em aleg enitalia),tw os cle r
iteso fs tern um9
conn e ctings egm ent so fbodyandapp end age swh i cha l
low s
su rround ingvu lv a.
fre ed omo fm o v em ent(F ig.9 1).
he terog en eou s,d i f
f eringink ind ,un lik einqu ality.
Ju ra ssi c,s econdp eriodo fM eso zo icE r a,b etw eenT ria s
sicand
he terom ero id( oft ro ch ant erofem or alj unctio n)
,s tr on gly Cret a ceou s,ex t end ingabou t180 -35 m ill iony earsb eforeth e
obliqu e,soth atth erei sd i
r ectcon t a c
tb etw e en f em urandc oxa
pres e n
t.
.

(F ig.5 8,5 9
).
lab ium(p l.,lab i a),low erlip ,o rfu seds e condm axill a e
,
het erom erou s,w ithth eth re ep airso ft ars
ih avingd i fferent fo rm ingf loo ro fmou thinm and ibu lat ein sect s
,b eh indf i
r s
t
numb er so ft arsom ere s
,e . g
.,t arsalf orm u
la5 -5-4. max illa eandoppo s edtol ab rum .H en cel abi alp a lp,ap a
ire d
,
Hexapoda , sup er clas so fphy lumA rthropod a
,in clud ing 1 -4- se gm ente ds en so rya p p en da geo fl a bium .
Coll embo l a
,P rotu r a
,D ip lur a
,andln se cta,ch a
r acteris edby lab rum ,upp erl ip ,jo in edloc lyp eu si nf r onto fm o uth(F ig.1).
mou thp artscon si stingo fm and ibles,m axillae,andl ab ium ,
la cin ia(p l.la cini ae),b lad elik einn erlob eo fm axilla,a rt
ic u
-
he adw ithan t erio randpo st e
rio rten to riala rm s,3 -segm ented
late dt os tip esandb e aringb ru sh e so fh airso rsp in es(F ig.5 )
.
tho r ax,no rm allyw ith3p airso fl eg sinth eadu lt,andabdom en
with6 -I2s egm en t s
,w itha t mo strud im en taryl imb s. lam ella( pl
.l am ell ae),at hi n
,p lateli keo rl eafli kep ro cess.
He nc el am el
lat e(o fan tenn ae),w ithap i cals egm en tsh aving
hing em echan ism ,as tru c
tu reo fth em edialloop o ft heh ind
flat,l e aflik ep ro je ct
ion sonon es id ewh ichsom e
tim e sc annot
wingu sedfo rw ingfo ld ing( inA rcho stem a
t aandAd eph aga)
(F ig.3 0 )b utu s u al
l yc a n(F ig.3 1)b eb r o u ghtc l o
s el yt o g
et he
r.
(F ig.5 1).
la te rov ent ral,l ate rala ndb elowm e d
i a nh ori zo n
t alp l ane.
Hola r cti c
,f aun alr egioncomp ris
ingth eno rthernp arto fth e
No rth ernH em isph ere. ligu la( p
l.,li gul ae),c olle c
ti ven am ef org lo ss aep l usp ara -
glos s ae,w h e
t herf use do rs ep arate(F ίg.2 ).
holom e tabo lou s,p assingth roughacomp let em etam o rph o
sis
inwh i chth el arv ai sv eryd i
f ferentf romth eadu ltand litto ra l,i nf res hw atere c o
s y s
t em s,i ns h alloww a
t erw herelight
tr ansfo rm sd ram at
i callybym ean so fapup a
ls tag e. pen et rationex t end stoth ebo t
toms edim en t
s,wh icha r eco l-
onis edbyroo tedp l ant s;inm arin ee co sy st em s,in tertid al,
hum era lang l e,a nter olat eralp orti ono fe l y
tr a
.
in ha biti ngt h es h or e
.
hum eru s(p l.hum eri),shou ld er,an teriorb asalpo rtiono fw ing.
lo ck in gm ech an ism ,as tru ctur ep rev entingmov em ent,e.g.,
hyd roph ilou s,w at erlov ing,l ivinga tl ea s
tp ar
tlyinw at
er.
prono tallo ckingm ech an isminadu ltp tilod a ctylidand
hypha e,th re ad lik est rand sm akingupth e my c e
liumo fa ch elon ariidb eetl es(F ig.163 ,I64 ).
fu n gus.

-93-
ma
la,alo beo ft h
em a nd
ibleo rjaw. nl
omin a
l( ofas p e
cie
s),b earingan am e
,b u
tn otn ecessar
ilya
Ma
laisetrap,s eep.1 7. va
lidbi ologica
le nt
ity
.
Ma
lpighiant ubes,in
t erna
le x c
retorystructur
esr emoving notopleurals u
t ur
e,inA dep haga
,A rchost
em a
t a
,a n d
im pur
it
iesf romt heb odyfluid
. Myxopha ga(C oleop
tera)
,s utures eparat
ingpron o
t a
le pipleuron
mandib
les
,f irs
tp ai
re dm outhpar
ts,stouta ndjawl
ikein fromp leur on(Fig
.2).
chewingi nsects(Fig.1,4 )
.H encemandibularsocke,a
t n notos
ter nalsuture
,inP olyp h
aga,s uturebetweenh y pom eron
im pr
ess
i ono rem argi n
at
i onc onta
i n
ingm and
ibula
rb a
se. ofpron otuma ndprosternumw h erethesepla
tesm e
etd ir
e c
tly
max
il
la( p
l.
,m axil
lae)
,s ec ondp a
iro fjaw sininsec
tswith (
i.e
.,n ots epa
r a
tedb ya ne xte
rnalp leuron
).
chew-ingm outhpar
t s
;r epresent
e dinal
l insec
tsw i
thfunc
tiona
l notum (pl
.,n ota)
,d o
rsals c
l e
ri
teo fa t ho
raci
cse gm ent(Fig.1 —
mouthpar
ts(F ig
.5 )
.H ence max i
llaryp a
lp ,p
s ai
red,1-5- prono
t um).
segm en
ted( usu a
l
ly3o r4 inC o
leoptera
)s enso
rya ppend
ages oblongumc el
l,featu
reo fv e na
tio ninh in
dw ingo fA d ephaga
o
ft hem axi
ll a
e. (Fig
.4 6- 48).
max
il
l o
labia
lc om p
lex,ac om poun dstructu
rec ons
ist
ingof occ
iput,p oster
iorp a
rto fe pic
rani umb etweenv e
rt e
xa ndn e
ck,
max
ill
arya nd labi
alelem e n
ts( e
.g.
,i nla
r vaeofLim ni
chidae
)
. rar
elyp rese n
ta sadist
i nctscler
ite(F ig
.6).H enceocc ipi
t a
l
med
ia,fi
fth lon g
itud
i nalv e
i nsys
tem(M ),us u
al
lydi v
idedin
to car
ina,aw el
ld ef
ined,e levatedc restalonghin dm arg
i nof
age ne
ral
lyc onvexa n
t e
riorb ranch(MA )a ndac oncave occ
iput( e
. g
.,ins omeL e
io dida
e).
pos
terio
rb ra nch(MP )(Fig.46,4 7
). oce
llus( p
l.,oc e
ll
i)
,ina dul
t insects,asim p
leeyec onsis
tingo f
med
ial
,n earo ratthem iddleofas tructu
r eorarea
. asing
l eb eadl
ike l
e n
s,o ccurringsi ng
l yorinsm a
llg ro ups
; i
n
med
i a
lloop ,seeob longumc ell
. holometa bolouslarv
ae,as temm a.
med
ia nlobe,p artofaedeagu s
. ocu
larc ant hus
,a lobep artia
llyo rc om p
lete
lydi v
i d
i ngea ch
mem b
ran ous,thina ndm oreor le
sst r
ans pa
rent(ofwings
); eye(e
.g.
, inG y
rinida
e,T e nebr
io n
i dae —F ig
.11,f).
th
i nandp liable(ofc ut
icle)
. O
ligocen e
,g eolog
icale poc h
,a bo ut40-25m i
ll
io nye a
rsb efore
men
t um( p
l.
,m e n
ta)
,p a
rtof lab
ium ,proxim a
ltop rementum, theprese n
t.
a
ttachedt oa nds om e
tim esf u
sedw ithsu bmentum(F i
g.2
,4 )
. omm atidium( p
l.omm at
i d
i a
),av isual`ce
ll
'orel em ento fthe
m
e
s
o
-
,p
r
e
f
ix
o
f
t
en
p
er
t
a
i
n
in
g
t
ot
h
e
m
id
l
e
s
eg
m
en
t
o
ft
h
e a
rthropo dc om pounde ye
.
thorax
,u seda sin`m esoco xa
'
,`m esep
im eron
'. oni
sci
f orm( o
f lar
vae),s hapedlik eas la
ter(Onis cuss p
.)
,
Me
s ozo
ic,g eologica
le raa bo u
t2 25-70m il
lionyearsbefo
re depre
sse da ndb road
lys pin d
le-sha ped
;e.g.
,Elm idae.
thepresen
t. opercu
l um( p
l.
,o per
c ula
),a lido rc over
;inlarva
lD ryo p
i da
ea
m
eta-
,p re
fixo ftenp er
t a
iningt otheh indsegm entofthe ven
tra
l,flatc overtot hec ham berc ontain
ingther et
racteda na
l
thorax
,as in`m e
tac oxa
',`m e
tepim eron
', g
il
ls.
op
isthog natho u
s( o
fh ea d
),w ithap oste
rovent
ralp osit
io nof
m
etam orph osi
s,ar adica
lc h angeinf o
rm ,especia
ll
yt h
e
sinsects
. mouthpartsr e
sult
ingfr omd e
flex
i o nofthefac
ialre g
i on
.
changel
arva— pupa— a du
ltinholom etabolou
orogeny
,e pis
o deofm ou n
t a
inb uildingingeologicaltim e
.
m
icroscu
l p
t ure
,r nic
r oscopicte x
turalfeature
so finse
ct
in
teg ument. ov
ip o
sit
,t olaye g
gs.
m
icroset
ae,v erysm all
,s hort
,h air
likestructu
res;hence pa
lpiger
,as cler
itebearingap a
l p,e sp
.t h
ep a
lp-b ear
i ng
m
icro
seto
se. s
tructureo fthem entum .
mo
la
,ridgedorr oughenedgrindi
ngs u
rfa
ceofm andib
le, pa
raglossa( pl
.,p a
raglossae),ap airedl a
bia
lstructurea ta pex
co
rres
-po nd
in gtosubgal
eao fm a
xil
lawhenthem andib
lei
s o
fp rem entum ,c o
n n
ecte dateithers idetoglo
ssaea n deither
compoun d
. fr
eeo rtw o
-jointed
;c or
r e
s pondin gtog a
leaofm a xi
l
l a(Fig,4,
mon
il
iform( o
fa ntennae
),seep.1 4andFig
.19. 5
).
monophagou
s,h ost
-spec
if
ic;res
tri
ctedtoonespec
iesoffood pa
ra phy
l et
ic( ofatax ono rta x
a),n o
ti n
clud
inga l
lt hed escen-
p
lantora n
im a
l( c
f.polyphagous)
.
dan
tso fac omm ona ncestor,i
.e.
,n o
tan atura
l
'g r oup.
mono
typic(ofat axon
),conta
i n
ingo n
lyonesubordina
te pa
ra p
r octs
,t heh a
lveso ft henint htergi
te
.
ta
xo n
,e.g
.,ag enusofo n
lyo nesp e
ci
es(c
f.po
lytypi
c). pa
rasi
t o
i d
,a ninte
rnalo re xte
r na
lp a
r a
si
tethate ventu a
llyki
lls
mu
lt
ise
tose,be ar
ingnum erousset
a e
. i
tsh osto rgan
ism .
m
ycang
i um( p
l.,m y
cangia
)
,a nyo neofavar
ie
tyo fspec
ial par
atergite
, la
teralm arginalregio nofn otum,latera
ls cleri
teof
poc
ket-
sh ap
e drecep
tacle
su sedtocarr
ysym b
iot
icfu n
gi
,e.g
., abdomi nalsegm ent
s.
inbarkb e
et
l es(Sco
lyt
inae)
. pec
tinate( ofantennae)
,w it hon esi d
eo feachsegm e nt
my
co p
hag ou
s,f ungu
s-ea
ting(=f ung
ivorou
s)
. p
r o
trudin ggreatly
,form ingas erieso flong
,s h
ar pp ointslik
e
theteetho fac om b(Fi g
.2 2).
my
rm ecoph
ilo us
,ant-
loving
;a pp
liedtoin
sect
sthatliv
e i
na n
t
ne
st
s. ped
icel
,s ec onds e
gm ento ft h
ei nsecta n
tenna
,s up por
ting the
f
lagel
lum(F ig.1,6).
na
creous
,h av
i nganir
i d
escentlus
trel
ikem o
therofp e
arl
.
peduncle,as ta
lko rstalk
likes t
ru cture
,u sua
ll
ys up port
i ngan
n
i
ch
e
,
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
lp
o
s
i
t
io
n
of
a
no
rg
a
n
i
sm
i
na
co
mm
un
i
t
y
. o
r g
ano ro therstruc
ture;h encepeduncu la
te.
noc
turnal
,acti v
eatnight(cf.diurna
l)
. pha
lloba se
,p artofth eaedeagu s.

-94
4
--
-
pharyngeal process, a hollow membranous structure
projecting into the oral cavity from the internobasal angle of
the mandibles; present in nearly all Curculionoidea, absent or
only rudimentary in other beetles.
phloem, vessels transporting dissolved nutrients from leaves to
roots in vascular plants.
phreatic, underground, usually in reference to the moist
habitat between the particles of coarse alluvial sediments.
phylogeny, evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
phytophagous, feeding in/on plants; hence phytophage.
plasmodia, in myxomycete fungi, a motile mass of protoplasm
characteristic of the growth phase.
plesiomorphy, ancestral character state (cf. apomorphy).
pleurite, see pleuron.
pIeuron (pl., pleura), in adults of Adephaga, ventrolateral part
of thoracic wall meeting epipleuron Iaterally and sternum
medially; separated from pleuron by notopleural suture, and
from sternum by pleurosternal suture (Fig. 2).
plica (pl., plicae), a fold or wrinkle.
plumose (of antennae), see p. 14.
posterolateral, towards the rear and to one side; similarly with
-dorsal, -median, -ventral, etc.
postmedian, situated behind the middle.
postmentum, basal part of labium proximal to prementum.
postocular, behind the compound eyes.
predacious, preying upon other organisms, e.g., Carabidae,
most Staphylinidae.
prementum, region of labium distal to mentum, formed by
palpigers and labial stipites.
prepygidium, part of last abdominal tergum separated from
pygidium by a transverse suture.
pro-, prefix often pertaining to anterior segment of thorax, as
in procoxa, proepimeron.
prognathous (of the head), horizontal, with mouthparts
directed forwards (Fig. 8).
pronotum, upper and dorsal part of prothorax (Fig. 1). Hence:
pronotal carina, e.g., basal transverse carina in Anthribidae
(Fig. 245, 246), and sometimes referring to lateral margin of
pronotum (Fig. 1); pronotal comb, a row of spines on posterior
margin of pronotum, e.g., in Ptilodactylidae (Fig. 163);
pronotal epipleuron, in adult Adephaga, deflexed or inflexed
portion of pronotum (Fig. 2).
prosternum, sternum of the prothorax (Fig. 2, 3, 34-39).
Hence prosternal process, a posterior prolongation of
prosternum behind procoxae.
prothorax, first thoracic segment, bearing anterior legs but no
wings (Fig. 2, 3, 34-39).
proximal, near or towards the anchored end of any appendage;
that part of a segment closest to the body (cf. distal).
pseudotetramerous (of the tarsus), having apparently 4 con-
stituent articles, although 5 are actually present (Fig. 67-81).
pseudotrimerous (of the tarsus), having apparently 3 articles,
although 4 are actually present (Fig. 80-82).
pterostigma, pigmented spot on anterior margin of wing.
-95-
pterothorax, fused mesothorax and metathorax.
pubescent, clothed with fine hairs.
punctate, with puncture-Iike depressions, e.g., of the
integument.
pupa, inactive transformative stage of holometabolous insects,
intermediate between larva and adult; hence pupal cell, a
cavity in the soil οr made of plant material or debris in which
the larva pupates; puparium (pl. puparia), final-instar larval
integument within which pupation occurs.
pygidium (pl., pygidia), tergum of last visible abdominal
segment; in many adult beetles, the segment left exposed by
the termination of the elytra (Fig. 189, 238).
pygopod, paired footlike organ at hind end of abdomen of
certain larvae, assisting locomotion.
pyriform, pear-shaped.
radial cell (Fig. 46), structure formed around a sclerotised,
pigmented blood sinus (pterostigma), playing a part in folding
the wing apex beneath the elytra.
radial loop, hind wing structure in beetles, consisting of the
radial bar, which ends abruptly soon after entering the ptero-
stigma, and the pterostigma itself, transformed into the radial
cell (Fig. 46-51).
raptorial (of legs), adapted for seizing and holding prey (Fig.
1 10a, b).
recumbent, lying down, reclining.
relict, surviving in isolation.
rhabdom, site of photoreception in the compound eye.
riparian, living on banks of watercourses.
rostrum (pl., rostra), a snoutlike projection or rigid extension
of the head, bearing the mouthparts at the end, e.g., in adult
weevils (Fig. 6, 7); hence rostrate.
scape, first or basal segment of insect antenna (Fig. 1, 6).
sclerite, any discrete plate of the body wall bounded by mem-
brane or by sutures.
sclerolepidia, a row of pits with special setae or scales at the
metepisternal suture in some weevils.
sclerotisation, hardening of the cuticle, involving development
of crosslinks between protein chains.
scrobes, grooves for reception or concealment of an
appendage; in adult Curculionoidea a pair of grooves, one on
either side of the rostrum, in which the antennae can rest (Fig.
7, d).
scutellum (pl., scutella), any small, shield-shaped plate;
posterior division of pterothoracic notum; in adult beetles,
triangular piece at base of pronotum and between elytra (Fig.
1 ). Hence scutellary striole.
scutum (pl., scuta), second dorsal sclerite of mesothorax and
metathorax, the middle division of the notum.
securiform, hatchet-shaped; e.g., the terminal segment of the
palpi of some beetles (Fig. 15).
sensorium (pl., sensoria), a sensory receptor visible as a
circular opening covered by a membrane on antennae or legs.
sensory seta, a seta used as a simple sense organ, often a
contact or touch receptor.
seriate-punctate, with punctures arranged in striae.
s err ate(o fan tenn ae,e tc.),s eep .14andF ig .20 ,21 . tegm en ,p a r
to fth ea ed eag us.
s essil e,a tta chedd i rectly ,w ithou tanys temo rp e
tiole. tent o r
i alp it,l a
t erald epr essioninc r ani a
lw al
lu su allyn earor
s eta(p l.s et ae),ah airlik ep ro je ctiono fth ecu ticle;h enc e atf r onto cly peals utur e(F ig.1 ).
s e
ti ferou s,b earingas et ao rs et ae;s eto s e
,f ur n
is hedw ithsetae. t erg ite,s e etergum .
sinua te( ofe d gesa ndm a
r gi ns),w a vy. t er gum( pl.,terg a),u pp ero rd or sa
ls ur fac eofa n yb o dy
slim e mou ld s,M x om yc etes,o n eo ft hef ourf u ngalp hyla; s egm e n
to fa ni ns ect
,c o nsistingo fo n eo rm o
res clerites.
h en ces lim ef lux ,ap lasm a -lik es t ageo fs l
im em oulds. t err estri al,livingonl and( cf.aqu ati c);s om etim est a k
e nasthe
soo ty mou ld s
,f u ngio ft h eA s c om ycet es:C a p nodiace aeand c om plem entar yo p positeo fm ar
in e,i . e.
,i ncludin gfr eshw a
t e
r.
r e
l at edf am ilies. t est ace ou s,brow nishy ellow .
sp ir acl e,e xt ern alop en in go fatr a ch ea. tho rax ,midd l epo rtiono fin se c
tbodyb etw eenh e adandabdo -
sp or e
,am on gfun gi,am icro scop i cs tru ctur efun ction
ingin m en,c onsisti ngo ft hre es egm ents,e ac ho fw hichu s uallyb ear
s
disp e rs a
landv eg etativ er ep rodu ction . ap airo fa rtic u
late dl egs(F i g.2).
sp ring m echan ism ,i nP oly p ha g a
,a ne l ast
i cs tructureo fth e tibi a(p l.,t ibiae),f o urths e gm ento fI eg,b etw eenf em ura nd
me di anloopu sedfo rfo ld ingth eh indw ing(F ig.51 )
. t a
r su s(F ig.57 )
.H enc et ibi alspu r,asp in e
likep ro jectionato r
spu r,ath i ckcu ticu larapp end ag eo rsp in econn ectedtoth e ne are ndo ftibia.
bodyw allbyajo int,e sp eci allyonth etib ia. t om ent ose,c o vere dw it hs h ort,m a
tt e d
,w oollyh airs
.
st emma(p l.,s t emm ata )
,as imp l eey eo fth eo ftenc i
rcu la
r, too th( inin sects),asho rt,po intedp ro ce ssfromanapp end age
l a
t er aley e-g roup sinho lom etabo lou sin se ctl arv ae. οrm argin ;av erys tou tsp i cu lew ithab lun tap ex.
ste rn it e
,s ees t ern um . tra ch ea(p l.
,trach eae )
,asp ir a
llyr ing ed,in te
rn a
le la sti
ca i
r
ste rnum(p l.,s tern a )
,en tir ev en trald iv isiono fanybody t ubei ni ns ects
;a ne lem ento fth er es pirator ysystem .
se gm e nt. trilob ed( oft hea e de ag us),c onsist
i ngo fav e n
trallys clerot
i s
ed
stip e s(p l
.,s tip i
t es),b asi cs cl erit eo fm axilla,a r
ticulatingp ar
tly p hallo bas et ow h
i c hap airo ff r
e elya rti culatedp ar am eresar e
withh ead ,p a r
tlyw ithc ardo ,andb e aringg alea,l acinia,and attac h ed,a ndas im plep e n
i sl yinga bo v eit;g enerally
ma xillar yp alp. con sid eredtob eth emo stp rim itivecon figu ra
tioninb eetle
s.
stria(p l.,st ria e)
,ing en eral,anyf in elong itud in alimp re s
sed tr och ant er,s econds egm en to fin se ctl eg,b etw eencox aand
lin e;inb e e
t les,along itud in ald ep re ssedl in eo rfu rrow ,often femu r(F ig.57 -66 )
.
pun ctur ed,u su allyex t end ingf romth eb asetoth eap exo fth e tro chan t ero femo ral,p e r
t ainingtot ro ch anterandf emu rcon-
elytr a;h en ces triat e. jointly .
stridu la to ryappa ra tu s,s tru ctu reu sedinm akingsound s, tr och antin ,asm alls cl erites e parate df r omp leu
r onb yam em -
con si stingo faf il e-lik eo rg anandanoppo sings crapero rrasp. bran eandconn ect edbya rti cularcondy lew ithcox a(F ig.5 7)
.
strio l e
,rud im ent aryo rr edu ceds tria. troph i c
,p ertain
i n gtof o odo re at
i ng.
stroma(p l.s trom ata),m as so fv eg etativ efung a
lhyph ae trun ca te,c u
to ffs q uarel ya tt het ip.
be aringf ru i
tbod i esand /o rspo r es. tub er cl,asm
e a
ll,knob likeo rround edp rotub eran ce;h ence
sty lu s(p l
.s ty li),asm all,po in ted ,non - articu latedp ro cess
. tub e rcul ate.
sub -,p re f
ixd eno tingund er,s l
igh tlyl e ssth an,o rno tqu ite. Tulg renfunn e
l,f unn e
l -sh a pedd evic ef ors ort
in gIi vingi nsec
ts
sub co r t
i cal,b en eathth eb arko fat ree. fromo r ga nicd ebri sb ym ea nso fli ghta n dh eat
.
subm en tum ,b asalp ar
to f la b
i umb yw hich i
t isa t
ta ched t
o urogomph i( sin g
.,u r og om p h u
s),i nl ar valb eet
le su su al
l y
he adc ap su le(F ig.2 ). pairedpo st er
iorp ro cess esont ergumo fn inthabdom in a
l
segm ent,e ith e
rjo in tedandmov abl ebymu s c
leso run joint
ed
sul cu s,ag roov eo rsu tu r em ark ingth el in eo ffu siono ftwo
an dimm ov able.
form erlyd istin ctp la teso rs tru ctu r es.
UVl igh t-trap ,s e ep.1 7.
su tu r e,as e amo rimp r e ssedl in eind ic atingwh eretwos cle
rites
join .H en cesu tur alf lang e s,p ost er
i ors utur ale dgesofe l y
tra
, ven t er,en ti reund ersu r
f ac eo fbodyo fanan im al
;h en ce
sep a rat edbyth esu tu ralg ap(F i g
.9 3). ve n
t ral.
synapomo rphy ,as har edd e r
i v edc h a
r act er
. ven trad ,t ow a
r dst hev e n
te r.
sy stema tics,s tudyo fb io log i calc las s
ifi cationb asedon ven t r
it e
,s ter na
ls cleri
t eo fa b dom e n;t h efirstve ntr
itei se qui
-
rel ation sh ipth roughinh er en ts im ila ri
ty ;h en ces yst
em a
tic vale ntt ot h efirstv isibleb as alst ernite.
sequ en c eo ft a xa,a su s edinth i svo lum e. vert ex,topo fh eadb etw e eney es,f ron s
,ando cciput,an terior
ta ctil e
,p ertain ingtos en seo ftou ch,o ru s edfo rtou ching. too cci p
it als uture.
ta rsu s(p l.
,t arsi),t erm in all egs egm en ta tta ch edtoap exo f vesi cle,asm al
ls a co rb la dd er.
tibi a,con sistingo f1 -5a r
ti cl eso rt ar som er es.H en cet arsal waist,b asalcon strictiono fp rono tuminb eet
l e
s,e .g.
,
formu la,th enumb ero ft arsom e resonth ep ro tarsu s
, Anth icid ae(F ig.228 -231 ).
meso t arsu s,andm etat arsu s. weev il,b ee tleoft h ef am ilyC urc u
li oni da e
.
taxonomy ,th eor eticals tudyo fc las sific a
tion ,in c
ludingi ts windowt rap ,s eep .1 7.
bas es,p rin c
ip le s,p ro cedu r es,andru l es. wirewo rm ,s o
il-
i n habiti ngl ar vao fE l ateri daefee dingo nro o
ts
.

-96
-
 KEYSTOFAMIL
IESOFCOLEOPTERA SuborderPolyphaga
KNOWNFROMNEWZEALAND 5
(1)Ant
ennaewithalame
lla
te
,fla
bel
lat
e,orexce
ption
al
ly
pect
ina
teclub(Fig
.30-33) ...(p.98
)..GroupA
—A n
tenna
en o
tasa bo
ve .
.6
I
:PYRAM IDALKEY
[p
rov
idedbyJ
.Kl
imas
zew
ski
] 6
(5)Tarsi5 -5-5 -s
egm en
tedbu tappe a
ring4 -4-4-seg
-
1Firstv entr
ited ivid edby m eta cox ae(Fig.88 ,89 )
; mented,w iths egm ent4r educedands egm ent3
prothoraxu sual
lyw ithd is
tin ctno topleuralsuture
s, dis
tinct
lyb ilob ed
,no tsoinsom eCh rysom el
id a
e
dis
tinctfromsh arpl ate
r alm argins(Fig.2 )
;tarsi5- (exception :w eevi
lg roupsB e
lidae:Ag lycyd e
rinae
segm ented;an t
enn aeu sual
lyf il
iform(F ig.17,18 )
; andB rentid ae:Ap ion
inae(N eocyba)
,inwh ichtar
si
medialloopo fh indw ingw ithah ingem echanism appea
r3 - 3
- 3-segme n
tedbutthenheadwithar ost
rum)
( Fig. 51)... (p. 20) ADEPHAGA. .2 (F ig . 67-81). .. (p. 98). .G roupB
—F
irstv entr
iteu suallyund iv
id edby m e
t acoxaeand —Tar
sinota sa b ov
e,if5-5-5
-segme n
tedw i
ths egment4
continuousf roms id etos id e(F ig.90 )
;p rothorax reducedt he nal
ls egmentssimp
l e
,andifa ppear
in g3
-
wi
th ou
tn o
topleurals utur
e s —v entra
lp o
rtionofn ot
um 3-3-segm entedth enh ead wi
thoutaro strum. ..7
(hy pomeron)jointe ddireclyt os te
rn umo neithers
ide
byn oto
sternalsuture(F ig.3);t ars
ia nda n
te nn
aeo f
ten 7
(6)Bodybu l
let
-shaped,withsidessubparal
leland
notasabov e;m edi a
lloopo fh indw ingw ithasp r
ing abdomin a
lapextr
iangu
l a
r;headdef
lexed;abdom en
wi
thf i
rst2v en
tri
tesst
ronglyconn a
te,thesuture
mechan ism(F ig .51 )...(p .23 ) POLYPHAGA. .5
part
ial
lyob l
iter
ated;m e
tast
ernum withad ist
inct
transvers
esuture.
..(Fig
.157 ).
.[19]BUPRESTIDAE
—Bodyno tso;fir
st2ven tr
itesrare
lyfu sed...8
Subord e
rAd epha ga
SuperfamilyC araboidea 8
(7)Tar s
iu sually5 -5-5-segm ented,w i
tht e
rm in alseg-
2
(1)Ter
restr
ialbeet
lesw ithlegsad aptedforcrawlingor mente nlarg
e da nde nd
in ginst ro
n gclaws,oft
e nl ong
er
running;m e
tacoxaen otm ee
tinge lytr
alater
ally(Fig
. thana llothe rsegm entsc om b
ined(F ig
.1 60);a qua
tic
2)
;an tennaela
rgelypub es
c ent
;do rsalsurf
a cewith orsem i-aqua ticbee tle sb roadlyova linou t
line,
pronounced ,erectsen soryse tae(F ig.107 )..
.3 con vex,w i
thd eflexedh ea dm oreo rles
sc once al
edb y
—Aquaticb ee
tleswitha tleasthindl egsad aptedfor prono tumf romabov e;l egsr e
tra c
tablein tobody
swimm ing,of
tenflat
te ne
da ndw ithd ens
ep ubesce
nce cavities(F ig.52 ,53 );p rosternum w i
thap rocess
(Fig
.1 08-110
);m etacoxaee xt
en d
in glat
era
llyt omeet fi
ttingin toac avityo fm eso s
ternum(F ig
.52 ,53);
ely
tra(Fig.88
,1 10,b);anten n
aee nti
relyglabrous
,or antenn aew e ak
lyc lubb ed(3 -7s egm ents
),comb l
ike,
near
lyso ;dorsa
lsu r
f acewithou tpronoun ced,erec
t saw toothed,o rdi s
tinc
tlyc lubb ed(Fig.29 )
sensorys e
tae(phreaticsp ecie
s,e.g ,K
. u
schelydru
s, .
..(p.99)..G roup C
wi
thlong ,fine,setaeons ides —F ig
.109 )...4 —Tars
io th erth an5 -5-5,o rif5 -5-5-segm entedth en
term inalsegm e n
tn o
te nlarged;s om e
timess egm ent4
redu ceda ndt a
rsia ppear
i ng4 -4
- 4
-s e
gm ented(P hala
c-
3
(2)M e
tacoxaewidelys epara
ted;ant enn a
eth ick, mon-
ridae)
;o therf eaturesnota si nab ovecom bination
..
.9
il
iform(F ig
.19 );p ronotumu su al
ly w ith3d eep
longi
tudina
lgrooves,oratleas
t1g r oove
;h e
a dwitha 9
(8)M axi
lla
ryp alpsu suallylong e
rth anantennae(Fig.
di
sti
nctn e
ck;met a
sternumw ithoutt r
a n
sv e
r sesutu
re 112,116 )(ex cept
ion :M erop a
thus,w ith maxi
lla
ry
..
.(Fig.101 )..[1]RHYSODIDAE palps muchsho rt
erth anan tenn ae —Fig.117 )
;an -
—Metacoxaecon
tiguouso rnarr
owl ys epara
ted(F ig.2)
; tennae7-11-s egm entedw itha2 -5-segm ent
edclub;
anten
naeslende
r,fil
iform(F ig
.1 )
;p rono
t umw i
thout hydrophi
louss pec
ie s
,s pher
i c
alo rm ode
r a
telyconvex
deepgrooves
;h eadusu al
lywithou tad is
tin c
tn ar
row toovo idandf lattened. ..(p .99 )..GroupD
neck
;m etas
ter
numw ithatransvers esuture(F i
g.2) —Ma x
il
larypalpss ho
rtert hana n
ten n
ae,inconspi
cuous
;
..
.(F ig
.102 -107 )..[2]CARABIDAE antennaeusually11 -segm ented
,w itha3 -segmented
cluborun c
lubb ed;sh apeu su a
llynotasabov e..
.10
4
(2)Antennaelonge
r,fi
li
form ;eyesnotdivid
e din
t otw o
;
forel
egss h
ort
;hindlegslong
,m od
if
iedf o
rswimm ing
, 10
(9)Pronotumw i
thpo s
tero
later
alangle
ss t
ronglypro-
fla
ttenedandfringedw i
thhairs du c
edb ehind(Fig.165-167);bodye longateand
.
..(Fig.108,109)..[3]DYTISCIDAE n
arrowlysubpa
ral
le
l(Fi g
.165-16
7);c
lickm ec
h ani
sm
—A n
tennaeshor
t,wi
t halargepedi
c e
l;eyeseachdivi d
ed presen
t,cons
ist
ingofap ros
tern
alproc
ess(Fig
.5 4
,a)
intotw o
;fore
legslong
,r ap
tor
ial
;m iddleandhin dleg
s w
hichf
itsint
oad eepm eso
ster
nalcav
ity(Fig
.5 4,b);
shortandm odi
fiedforsw imming a
ntennaef
ili
form,ser
rate
,p e
ctin
ate
,flabe
lla
te
,o rin-
.
..(Fig
.110 )..[4]GYRINIDAE crassate ... (p. 99) .. G r oupE

—
97—
 —P
rono
tumandbodyshap
enotsasabov
e;c
li
ckm
ech
- -T
ars
alfo
rmul
a2 -2
-2,3
-3-3
,3-4-4
,4-4
-4,o
r5-5-5
,if
an
ismab
sen
t;an
tenna
eofte
ncl
ub b
ed .
..1
1 4-4
-4thencan
thusabs
entandfi
rst3ven
tr
ite
snot
f us e d t o g et h er ... 1 7
11
(10)E lyt
rasho r
t,truncate
,expo singa tleast2ab -
domina
ltergi
tes
,u sual
ly more,theexpo sedterg
ites 17(16)T a
rsalformula5-5-5(excludingthosefam il
ies
we
llscle
rot
isedratherthan memb ranous;abdom en wi
th5 -5
-5-segment
edtars
ia l
readyk ey
edo ut)
usua l
lyf lex ible. ..(p . 99). . Group F .
..(p.102)..GroupJ
—Elyt
ran o
tso,broadlyroundedp o
ste
riorlyandu sua
lly —Tars
alform ul
a2-2-2
,3 -
3-3,344 ,or4 -4
-4;a n
tennae
c ove
ringen
tireabdom en
,b u
tifs h
orterthenexp o
sing fi
li
form,m on
il
ifo
rm,o rwithadistin
ct
,c om pac
t,l-3
-
onlyth eabdomin a
lap ex;tergi
tesm emb r
anou sor segm entedclub; most
lysm allb ee
tlesofav erage
we
a k
lyscle
rot
ised ..
.12 length2.5-3mm ,butsom eupto17mmlong
..
.(p.104)..GroupK
12
(11)An tennaew i
thanab rupt3-or4-s
egm entedclub,
gen
iculate
,u s
u a
llyre
tractab
lein
toac av
ityo nu nde
r-
s
i d
eo fprotho
r a
x;b o
dyo v
al
,disc
-shape
d,m od
erate
ly G
roupA
tost
ro ng
lyc onvex
,glossy
,u s
ual
lyglab
rousa ndblack
; I
nclu
desfami
li
eswit
halame
lla
teo
rfl
abe
ll
ate(
exc
ept
ion
-
e
lytrashortened,exposingthepygid
ium;l eng
th2 -9 a
llype
ct
inat
e)ant
enna
lcl
ub.
m m ... (Fig.114,115).
.[6]HISTERIDAE
—An tennaeand body no tasabove. .. 13 SCARABAEO :L
IDEA uc
anid
ae,T
rog
ida
e,S
car
aba
eid
ae.
BOSTR
ICHO :B
IDEA o
str
ich
ida
e (Eude
ria
).BYRRHOIDEA:
1
3(1
2)B odybroad
lyo val
,stronglyc onv ex,glo
ssy;elyt
ra C
hel
ona
ri
ida
e(Β
rοu
nia
).TENEBRIONOIDEA:R
hip
iph
ori
dae
.
usu
allywith2fi
neg roovesn ea
rs uture;inlate
ralview
basa
lp ar
tofelyt
raandp ronotumangu la
r;antennae A
l Lame
llaeofantenna
lclubno
tcapab
leo
fclo
se
wi
tha3 -segmentedclub;t ar
si5 -5-5-o r5-5-4-seg- ap
pos
it
ion(F
ig.30 . . .
) 2
mentedbutappearing4-4 -4-
s egm ent edbecauseo f —L
amel
laeofa
nte
nna
lcl
ubca
pab
leo
fcl
osea
ppo
si
tio
n
ves
tigi
alsegment4...(Fig.196 )..[48 ]PHALACRIDAE (Fi
g.31)
. 3
—Bodynota sabove
;e lyt
rau sual
lyw ithout2g rooves
nea
rsu tu
r e
;inla
t era
lvi ewb a sa
lp a
rto fely
traand Α2
(1)An
tenn
aeg
eni
cul
ate(
exc
ept
ion
:Ce
ratogn
athu
s
pro
n o
tumn otd
ist
inctl
ya ng u
lar
;a ntenn aeandta
rsinot par
rianu)
s .
..(F
ig.139
-143
)..[13
]LUCANIDAE
a s a b o v e ... 1 4 —A
ntennaeno
tge
nic
ula
te . . . 4

14(13)Fronswi
th1or2o
cel
li.
..(p
.100
)..G
roupG Α
3(1
)E ly
tradull
,m or
eo rl
e sstu b
ercul
ate,withou
tstria
e
—Fron
sw i
thou
toce
ll
i .
.
.15 ...(F ig
.144 )..[14
]TROGIDAE
— E
lytra usua
llyglos
sy,gl abrous,ors emig
labrous,or
1
5(1
4)B odyl oo
selya r
ticu
la
ted,elonga
te,o b
l on
gt osub- wi
thv e
lv e
typubescence( e
.g.,Co s
telyt
ra)
,a ndo f
ten
para
lle
l;integum en
ts o
ft
,oftenvelvet
yi na p
p earance wi
thstr
iae . .
.(Fig.145 -152)..[15]SCARABAEIDAE
(e
. g
.
,F ig.169
,1 8
6,223)
,w i
thd ecumbentp ubes c
e n
ce
andoftena dd
it
io na
lscat
teredande re
ctsetae,o rw i
th Α4
(2)M
eta
tar
si4
-se
gme
nte
d
shor
tandin con spi
cuouspub e
s c
enc e
;prono tumand ..
.(F
ig.214
)..[64
]RHIPIPHORIDAE
e
lytrasom et
im e
sw ithrid
gesdividedintocell-shaped -M
eta
tar
si5
-se
gme
nted . . . 5
compa rtmen ts(Fig.168 )..
.(p.100 ). .Gr oup H
—Bodycomp ac
t;integum enthard,glabrouso rw i
th Α5
(4)Ant
enna
lc lubwi
thmo rethan3l am e
ll
ae(upto7)
decumb entpube sc
ence;pronotumande lyt
r ano tas ..
.(Fig.164
)..[26]CHELONARIIDAE (B
rouni
a)
above ..
.1 6 —An
ten
nalc
lubo fm a
lewith3flabe
lla
..
.(F ig
.174).
.[35]BOSTRICHIDAE (Eud
eri
a)
1
6(15
)T arsa
lf orm u
la5 -5-4,exceptional
l y4-4-4ins om e
Tenebrionidae,bu tth enb aseofe a chant ennaob -
scuredfroma boveb yas helf
-l
i keex pansion(can
t hus G
roupΒ[
ass
is
tedb
yG.K
usc
hel
]
—F i
g.1 1
,f)a ndfi
rst3v en
tri
tesf us
e dto g
ether
;b ody Includesfami
lie
sw i
thtars
i5-5
- 5
-se
gm en
tedb utappear
-
broadlyton a
rrowl yo val
,m edium -
si zedtolarge(l
. 5
- ing4- 4
- 4
-segment
edb e
causeofves
tig
ia
ls egme n
t4,a nd
20 mm );pro coxaeu su al
lycon icalandp roje
cting; segm en
t3d ist
inc
tlybi
lobed.Excep
tion
:Ag lycyder
in a
e
antennae11 -segm ented(10 -segm entedinA rchae o
- (fami
l yB e
lid
ae)andNeocyba(Bren
tidae
:A pionina
e),in
glenes
,T enebrionidae),fi
liform,s erra
te,incra
s s
at e
, whichtars
iapp ea
r3-3-3-
segmentedbutare4-4-4-seg-
sawtoothed,c omblike
,o rflabell
ate,w ithou
tac lubo r mented
,a ndheadwitharos
trum
.
w
ithaloo selyd ef
in ed,elongat e
,3-o r4-segment ed
cl u b ...( p. 1 0 1) .. G r
o upI CHRYSOMELO :C
IDEA h
rys
ome
lid
ae(
inc
l
.Br
uch
ina
e,C
) e
ram
-

— 9
8—
byc
ida.CURCULIONOIDEA: N
e emony chidae
,An thr
ibid
ae, m
entscomb ined,andendinginstrongc laws(except
ion:
Be
lid
ae(i
n c
l.A gl
ycyd
eri
nae)
,B re
nti
d ae(
incl
.A pion
inae
), someL imnichidae(Hypha )a
lus nds omeB yrrh
idae
,w it
h
Cu
rcul
ionidae(inc
lud
ingB rachy
cerinae
,Cu rcul
ionina
e, 4
-4-4-segm ent
edt a
rsi
);bodyb roadlyov alandconv ex
,
Rhyn
chophor
i n
a e
,Cosso
ninae
,S co
lyti
n a
e,Pla
ty p
odina
e). d
eflexedh eadcon c
ealedbyp ronotumf romabov e
,legs
r
etrac
tableintobodyc av
it
ies,prosternumw ithaprocess
B1An
ter
iorpar
tofheadn ev
erw i
tharos
trum 2 f
it
tingintoac avi
tyofm esos
ternum ,anda n
te n
naew i
tha
—An
ter
iorpa
rtofheadelon
gate
,form
ingalongorshor
t w
eakcl ubof3 -
7s egment
s;aqu a
ticors emi
- a
q ua
ti
c.
ros
trum(excep
tional
lysho r
tinScoly
tinae
,Platy-
BYRRHO :B
IDEA y
rrh
ida
e,D
ryo
pid
ae,E
lmi
dae
,Lim
nic
hid
ae.
pod
inae)
,w i
th modi
fied mou
thpa
rts(F
ig.6,7).
..3
C
l Antennaeshor
t e
rthanpronotum,comb l
ike
,o ften
Β2
(1)An tenna eusual
lyin ser
tedonf ronta
lp rominence
s
andc apableofb eingflexedb ackwardsov erbody
,at co
nc e
aled ..
.(Fig
.159)..[21
]DRYOPIDAE
lea
sttwo -thi
rdsa slonga sbody —Antennaeusua
llylong
ertha
npr o
notum,sl
ende
r,saw -
.
..(F ig.234-237)..[76]CERAMBYCIDAE too
thed,somet
im e
sw eak
lyclubbe
d ...2
—Antenn aeno tinsertedonf rontalprom inences
,not
capableofb e
ingfl exedbackw a
r d
s,usuallyonl
ym od- C2
(1)Bodynar
rowlyelonga
te;ely
trawithla
teralm ar
-
era
telyelong ate(ex cep
tion:Cryptoceph al
inae
,w i
th g
inssub
par
al
le
l ..
.(Fig
.160)..[22]ELMIDAE
longa nte
n naec a
p ableofbeingflexedb ackward
s) —Bodybro
adl
yoval;e
lyt
raw i
thla
ter
alm arg
insbroadly
.
..(Fig .238-243)..[77]CHRYSOMELIDAE c
urve
d(Fig
.158,161) .
.3

B3(
l)An t
ennaeg enicul
ate,witha mo r
eo rles
scomp act C
3(2
)H i
n dm arg
inofpron o
tume ven
lyc urv
e dorslight
ly
club(Fig
.6,28 )
;s capelong si
nuate
;f ron
toclyp
ealsutu
rea b
se n
t;bodyglab ro
u sor
...(Fig
.251 -260)..[82]CURCULIONIDAE sem iglabrou s..
.(F ig.158 )..[20 ]BYRRHIDAE
—Antennaest
raight,witho rwithoutaclub(Fig.244 - —Hind m arg
ino fpronotumstronglysinuate
;f ronto-
c
lypeals u
turepres
ent
;b odydenselypubescent
249) . . . 4
..
.(Fig.161)..[23]LIMNICHIDAE
Β
4(3
)L abr
ums ep
ara
tedfromclyp
e usbyad
is
tin
cts
utu
re
(Fig.6
,b);mandib
leswithamo l
a .
.
.5 G
roupD
—Labrumfus
edw i
thclypeus
,withou
tasu
ture
;mand
i-
Includ e
sf ami
lieswi
thhydroph
ilousspeciescommon ly
bleswi
thou
tamo la .
..6
bea
rin gextr
em e
lyelo
n g
atemax
il
larypa
lps,usual
l yl
o nger
thanth eantennae
,andantenna
e7 -11
-segm entedw i
tha
Β5
(4)Pronotumw ithoutc arinaeasb e
low ;antenna
ls eg
-
2-5
- segm en
tedclub
.
men
t3 ,4,or5extend ingtoey e;spursp r
esentona l
l
HYDROPH ILO
IDEA:Hydroph
il
idae
. STAPHYLINOIDEA: H
yd-
t
i b
iae;al
l5ve nt
ri
tesf ree
raenidae
.
.
..(F ig.244)..[78]NEMONYCHIDAE
—P ro
notumu su
allywit hat ransv
ersebas a
lcarin
aa nda
D
B
o
d
y
u
s
a
l
1
p
h
e
r
i
c
b
o
d
y
v
a
l
n
s
t
r
g
lat
eralcar
ina;antenn als egment1o r2ex tendingto
convex
;m a x
il
larypalpsus ua
llysh or
terthanantennae
;
eyes;spursabsentona l
ltibiae;only5 thv entr
ite
antenn
aew itha3-se gm e
ntedp ube scen
tclu b
complete
lyfr
ee,oth erv entr
it
esp a
rtlyfusedorfirmly
..
.(Fig.111 -113)..[5 ]HYDROPHILIDAE
bra
ce d ..
.(F ig.245 ,246)..[79]ANTHRIBIDAE
—Bodyusually moderatelyn ar
row lye longa
t e
,rare
ly
morebroadlyrounded ;m axil
laryp alpsoftenlonger
Β6
(4)Ro s
trummod era
telyelongateandn ar
row ;pro
tibia
thanantennae(exception:Meropa thus s p
e c
ies
,w i
th
wi
thag roomingd eviceoninn e
rfaceoppo si
tetarsa
l
max
ill
arypalpsm uchs hor
terthana ntennae
);a n
tennae
ar
ticu
lation
,con s
ist
ingo ffineandd ensepubescence
usua
llywitha5 -
s e
gm ent
e dpub e
s centclub
inabro ad,shal
lowg rooveo rimp r
ession;gularsut
-
..
.(F ig.116 ,117). .[7]HYDRAENIDAE
ur
esdist
i nc
tlysepara
teo ro b
sole
te
.
..(Fig.247,248)..[80]BELIDAE
—Ros
trumu sua
llyextremelyelongate(Fig.249)
;p ro- G
roupΕ
ti
biawit ho
utagro omingde v
ice
;g ul
ars u
turesm er
ged
Inc
ludesfamil
ieswithpost
erola
ter
alanglesofp
ronotum
in
toon eanda lwaysdistin
ct
st
ronglyproducedpost
erior
ly,bodyn a
rrowlyelonga
te
...(Fig.249,250)..[81]BRENTIDAE
andsubpa
ral
lel
,clic
kinga p
para
tuspresen
t,andantenn
ae
fi
li
form,s
erra
te,pec
tina
te,fl
abel
lat
e,orincra
ssa
te.
G
roupC
ELATERO :E
IDEA l
ate
rid
ae,E
ucn
emi
dae
.
Inc
lude
sfam
ili
eswith5-5
-5-
segment
edtars
i,eachter
-
min
als
egmen
tenla
rged
,oft
enlong
erthana
lloth
ers eg
- Ε
1Lab
rumcon
cea
ledb
ene
athc
lyp
eus
,ex
tern
allyno
t

-99 —
 v
isibl
e;v
ent
ri
tes4and5conn at
e F7
(6)An
tenn
aef
il
ifo
rm,s
err
ate
,orp
ect
ina
tebu
tnev
er
.
..(Fig
.165).
.[27]EUCNEMIDAE wi
thadi
st
inc
tclu
b...(Fi
g.169
)..[30] CANTHARIDAE
a
—Lb r
umvis
ibl
e;ven
tr
ites4a n
d5n o
tc o
n na
te (
inpar
t;seealsoG ro
u pH)
..
.(Fig.166
,167).
.[28]ELATERIDAE —A
nten
naewi
thadi
stinc
t,compa
ctclub(Fig.23)
..
.(F
ig.187).
.[42
]NITIDULIDAE (
inpart
)

G
roupF
Includesfami
lie
sw i
thshor
tandu sua
llytrunc
ateely
tra
, G
roup G
exposingatlea
st2butusua
lly moreabdomina
ltergi
tes
, I
ncl
ude
sfam
il
iesw
ithf
ron
sbe
ari
ng1o
r2o
cel
li
.
thee xpos
edter
git
eswel
lscl
erot
ised
,an dabdomenusua
lly
BOSTR
ICHO :D
IDEA e
rme
stid
ae(
inp
art
). DERODONTOIDEA:
flexi
ble
.F ami
lyPti
li
ida
e,withsomes pec
ieshav
ingtrun
-
cateely
traand2abdomi
nalt
ergi
tesexposed
,isi
nclude
din D
erodon
tid
ae.STAPHYLINOIDEA:Staphy
lin
ida
e(M
icro
si
l-
GroupK(p .104)
. p
hinae
,Om a
li
ina
e,som ePr o
teini
na e
).

CHRYSOMELO :C
IDEA h
rys
ome
lid
ae(B
ruc
hin
ae)
.CUCUJOIDEA: G1H
eadw
ith1o
cel
luso
nfr
ons
,po
si
tio
nedm
edi
al
ly
N
itidu
lida
e(inp a
rt;se
ealsoG roupJ), Monotom idae(in .
..(F
ig.173).
.[34 ]DERMESTIDAE (
inpar
t)
par
t;seeal
soG roupsJ,K).ELATEROIDEA:C a
nthari
dae( i
n ..
.[12
]STAPHYLINIDAE( someProte
ini
nae)
part
;seealsoG roupH). STAPHYLINOIDEA:Staphy
linidae —H
eadwi
th2o ce
ll
io nf
ro n
s,posit
io n
edlate
ral
ly(Fig
.
(exceptMicro
silphina
eandsom eP rotein
inaeo fg enus 123
,124) . . . 2
S
ilphote
lus.TENEBRIONOIDEA: S
) alpingidae(Inopeplinae
only
),Rhip
iphoridae(
seealsoG roupA ). G2
(l)H
eada
ndp
ron
otumn
ots
tro
ngl
ysc
ulp
tur
ed;b
ody
smoo thandg labrousorw i
thsp a
r sepub e
scenceand
1E
F l
ytr
aus
ual
lyt
run
cat
epo
ste
ri
or
ly
,ex
pos
inga
tle
ast3 pun cta
tion..
.(F ig
.123 ,124)..[12]STAPHYLINIDAE
bu
tmo sto
ften6or7abdom in
alte
rgi
tes ..
.2 (M i
cros
ilp h
inae
,Om a
li
i n
ae,s om ePro
tei
n i
n a
e)
—E
lyt
ratrun
cateorroundedpos
ter
ior
ly,expo
sing2or —H
e adw i
thas er
i esofcan a
lsandb ridg e
s;pronotum
ra
rel
y3a bdomina
lterg
ite
s ..
.4 dividedbylong itudin
alridgesintos ever
alcel
l-like
dep ressions...(Fig.170 )..[31 ]DERODONTIDAE
F
2(1
)A bdomensho
rt,b
road,in
flex
ibl
e;head
,prono
tum,
andof
tenely
trawit
hs e
tosefove
ae
.
.(Fig
.126)
..[12
]STAPHYL INIDAE(Ps
ela
phin
ae) roup Η
G
—Abdomenm o
reelong
ate
,n a
rrowtom o
dera
te
lybroad
, I
nclud
esfami
lie
sw ithsof
t-b
odiedspec
ieshav
ingdecum-
fl
exi
ble;usu
al
ly6o r7terg
ite
se x
posed
.
.
.3 b
entpube
scenceando f
tenaddi
tiona
lscat
ter
edanderec
t
s
etae
,orwithinconspi
cuouspubescen
ce,andbodysur
-
F
3(2
)M eta
tars
i4-
segmente
d;tar
salform u
la5-5-4 f
aceof
tenwithav e
lvetyapp
ear
a nc
e.
..
.(Fig
.227).
.[72]SALPINGIDAE(Ino
pepl
inae
)
—Met
ata
rs
in o
t4-se
gm e
nted
,orifsoth e
ntars
alfo
rm u
la BYRRHO :P
IDEA t
ilo
dac
tyl
ida
e.CLEROIDEA: C
ler
ida
e,M
ely
-
othe
rthan5-5
-4 r
idae.ELATEROIDEA:C anthar
idae(
inp a
rt;seea
lsoGroup
..
.(e.g
.,F
ig.125).
.[12]STAPHYLINIDAE(i
np a
rt
) F
),L ycidae.EUCINETOIDEA:Sc
ir
tidae(=H e
lod
idae
).
TEN
EBR
IONO
ID :O
EA e
d emeridae,Pyro
c h
roida
e,S c
rap
ti
idae
.
F4
(1)An
tenn
aeapp
ear
ing10
-segm
ent
ed,w
ithu
sua
llya
1-s
egmen
tedc
lub;elyt
rapara
lle
l-s
ided
,usua
llywi
th H1Ta
rsa
lformu
la5-
5-5 .
.
.2
rowso
fpunc
ture
s,tr
uncat
ep o
ste
rio
rly
,lea
vin
gp y
gid
- —Ta
rsa
lformu
la5-
5-4 .
.
.7
iumexpo
sed.
..(Fig
.188,189).
.[43]Μ
Ο
Ν
Τ
Ι
D
A
Ε
(L
enax
, Mono
tom
a) H
2(1
)B odyfla
ttened
,l oose
lyarticula
ted;pronotumw ith
—An
tenn a
eu sua
lly11-
segmen
tedandno
tasabov
e; severa
lridgesdividingdis cintoirregul
arlyshaped
e
lyt
ralshapenota
sabove .
..5 cel
l-
liked epr
e s
sions;elytral ea
thery,w i
thstrong,
depr
essedp un
cturesb e
twee nl o
ngitudin
alridges
F5
(4)T
ars
iapp
ear
ing4
-4-4
-segm
ent
ed,w
iths
egm
ent3 .
..(Fig.168 ).
.[29]LYCIDAE
b
ilob
ed;bodyrobu s
t,egg-shaped
,u sual
lybroade
st —Bodyformn otasa bo
ve;pron ot
umw i
t hou
tridgesand
towa
rdsapex
;he a
do ft
e nconce
aledfroma bove ir
regula
rlyshap edcell
-l
ik ed epre
ssions
;elytrahard
,
.
..(F
ig.238).
.[77 ]CHRYSOMELIDAE (B
ruch
inae
) wi
thorw ithoutlongitud
in a
lr idges
,bu tneverw i
th
—T
arsi5
-5-5
-segmented
;bodysh apeno tasabove.
..6 st
ronglyimp r e
s s
edpun ctu resb e
tw eenth em...3

F6
(5)A
nte
nna
efl
abe
ll
ate
;bo
dyw
edg
e-s
hap
ed Η3
(2)Scu
te
llumhear
t-
shaped
;hindmarg
ino fprono
tum
.
..(F
ig.214
)..[6]RHIPIPHoRIDAE (
4 seea
lsoG
rou
pA ) w
ithm
inute
,bl
untte
ethfo
rmingat
r a
nsvers
ec om b
n
—Aten
na ea
ndb o
dys h
a pen o
ta sabove .
..7 ..
.(Fig
.163).
.[25
]PTILODACTYLIDAE

— 100
—
 —S
cutel
lumsub
tr
iangu
lar
;hind m
arg
ino
fprono
tum I1Bodymod
era
te
lyt
ost
ron
glyf
la
tt
ene
d(F
ig.1
92-
195
),
w
ithou
tsu
chtee
th .
.
.4 of
tenhai
rles
s;antennaef
ili
formorbead
like
,som e-
timeswithaloose2-4-segment
edclub;mandibl
es
Η4(3
)Penul
timateta
rsalsegmentsimple
,n everbi
lobed moreo
rlesspoin
tingfo
rw a
rds
;ely
trausu
al
lyst
riat
e
.
..(Fig
.186 ).
.[41]MELYRIDAE (=Das y
tid
ae) 2
.
..(Fig.183).
.[39]CLERIDAE (Metax
ina) —Bodyandantennaenotasabove
;m and
ible
susual
ly
—Penu
lt
imateta
rsa
ls egmentbilob
ed .
..5 notpo
int
ingforwards
;ely
trast
ria
teorno
t ..
.4

Η5(4
)Bodyo f
tensub cyl
indr
ical,usu a
llycov eredw i
th 12
(1)Body mod erat
elyflat
tened,app ear
ingpub escent
;
bri
stlyh ai
rs;h eadbroad,asb roada sp ronotumo r ta
rsalse gm ent2a nd/o
r3l obedbelowo r
,ifn otlobed,
broader
;p ronotum mu chn a
rrow erth anelytra
;ant- th
e nanten nalscapeatleas
taslo n
ga s3f ol
lowi n
gs eg-
ennaeoftenw ithaloose3-segm entedclub men
tsc om bi ned
;p rono
tumw ithouts u
bla
t e
ralridges,
..
.(Fig.184 )..[39]CLERIDAE o
ftenw ithan ter
iorang le
sprodu ced
;an tennaw ithor
—Bodyf l
attenedtomod era
telyconv ex,lackingbris
tly w
ithou tc lub(F ig.192 ,193 )[45 ] SILVANIDAE
hai
rs(pu be
s c
en c
es ho
rtandd ec
um b
e n
t);h e
a dusua
lly —Bodystrong lyf l
attened,usual
lyg labrous(Fig.194 ,
nar
r owerthanp rono
tum;p rono
t uma sb r
o adaselyt
ra 195)
;t a
rsals egm ent
s2a nd3n otlobedb elow;anten-
orsl
i g
htlyn a
rrow e
r;ant
en n
aew ithouta3 -segmented na
ls capea slonga sorshorte
rth anthe2fo llow ing
club ..
.6 segme n
tsc ombined;prono
tumu su a
llywiths ubl
atera
l
ca
rinae;a ntennaew i
th o
utaclub ... 3
Η6(5
)L abrumsclero
tisedanddist
inct
,visib
l efrom
above
;h e
adwi
thc h
arac
ter
is
ti
ck ee
lsbe
lowe yes(Fig. 13
(2)P
ron
otumw
ith
out2s
ubl
ate
ralc
ari
nae
12 )...(Fig. 153 , 154). .[16 ] SCIRTIDAE .
..(Fig
.194).
.[46]CUCUJIDAE
—Labrum membranousandcoveredbyclypeus,no t —P
rono
tumw
ith2 sub
late
ralca
rin
ae
v
isibl
efromabove.
..(Fig
.169).
.[30]CANTHARIDAE .
..(F
ig.195).
.[47]LAEMOPHLOEIDAE

Η
7(1
)E y
esn o
tproj
ect
ing,C -
shaped,s
trong
lyem arginate
; 14
(1)B
aseo
fea
cha
nte
nnac
ove
redb
yac
ant
hus(F
ig
.11
,
pron
otumu sua
llywit
h2sm allba
salimpress
ion s f);abdomin
alste
rni
tes1-3fusedtoge
the
r
...(Fig
.233)..[75]SCRAPTIIDAE .
..(Fig
.219-221)..[68
]TENEBRIONIDAE
—Eyespromi
nent
,slig
htlytostrong
lyproj
ecting
,sli gh
t- —B
aseofan
tennaeexpo
sed
;a bd
om ina
lst
ern
it
es1 -3not
lyem a
rgin
ateornot
;p ronot
umu sua
llywithou
t2b asa
l fusedtog
ethe
r ..
.5
i m p r e s si o n s ... 8
15
(4)P ronotumdi s
tinct
lynar
row eratbasethane
lytr
a,
Η8
(7) Ey
esno
tst
rong
lyp
roj
ect
ingl
ate
ral
ly;on
lyp
en- h
alftotwo -
thirdsofely
tra
lw id
th(Fig
.228-232)
..
.6
ul
timat
etarsa
ls egmentb
ilo
bed;an
tennaeusua
llyfi
li- —Pron o
tumu su
allya swid
eatbaseasel
ytr
a,ornea
rlyso
for m. ..(F ig. 223). .[70]OEDEMERIDAE (
ex cept
ion:Ul o
di d
ae,wi
thpronotumm uchnar
rower
—Eyesst
ronglyproject
ingla
ter
ally
;penult
im a
teand b
asallythanelytra–Fig
.217) ..
.9
antep
enul
timatetarsa
lsegmen
tslobe
d;a n
tennaeusu-
al
lyp e
ct
inateors e
rra
te 16
(5)P
ron
otumw
ith
outl
ate
ralm
arg
ins
;bo
dya
nt-
sha
ped
.
..(Fig
.224,225).
.[71]PYROCHROIDAE (F
ig.228
-232)
. . . 7
—P
rono
tumw i
thla
ter
almar
gin
s;b
odyno
tasa
bov
e..
.8

G
roupI I
7(6
)V en
tri
te sal
lfre
e;p enu
lt
im ateta
rsalsegm en
tl obed
;
eyeswi
t hfineface
ts,notnotchedne a
ra n
ten n
alb a
se;
Inc
lude
sfami
lieswith5-5-4
-segmentedta
rs
i,excep
tio
nal
ly
4-4
-4-
segment
e dinsomeT enebr
ionidae(bu
tthenbaseof ely
tra
lepi pl
euraincomple
te
ant
ennacover
edbyac anthu
s)
,p rocoxaeusua
llyconica
l .
..(Fig
.228 -231)..[73]ANTHICIDAE
—B as
al2v e n
tri
tesconnat
e;pen u
ltimatetar
salse gment
andproj
ect
ing,andant ennaewithoutorw i
thaloo s
ely
def
ined
,elo
ngate,3-or4 -
segmentedclub. sm a
ll
,simp le,andan t
epenu l
tim a
tes egmentlob ed
benea
th;ey escoa
r s
elyfacet
ed,slightlynotchedn e
ar
CUCUJO :C
IDEA u
cuj
ida
e,L
aemoph
loe
ida
e,S
ilv
anid
ae(
in ant
ennalb ase
;elytr
alepip
leuraa bsent
part;seea lso G roupJ ).TENEBRIONOIDEA: Ader
ida
e, ...(Fig
.232 ).
.[74]ADERIDAE(= E ugleni
dae)
Anthi
cidae(incl
.P edi
linae
),A r
cheocrypt
icidae,Ch a
lco
-
dryidae
,M elandryidae, Morde
ll
ida e
,Ph loeostich
idae 18
(6)P
rono
tumande
lyt
raw
ithf
ineandd
ens
epun
c-
(m alesonly;fem alesin GroupF),S alpingidae(excl
. t
ation
;antenn
aesligh
tlyincrassate
,butw i
thou ta
Inop epl
inae:s eeG roupF ),Tenebrionidae,U lodida
e d
is
tinc
tcl
ub;bodyformn o
ta sbel
ow
(formerlyasZ opheri
d a
e). .
..(F
ig.190)..[44]PHLOEOSTICHIDAE
(m a
lesofAgapy ;s
tho eealsoG roupJ)

-101
-
 —P
ronotumu sua
llyco
arselypun
ctat
e,andelytraw ith Chaetosom atidae
,Phy cosecidae
,T rogos s
it
id ae(inc
l.
rowso fcoarsepunc
tur e
s;an
tennaew i
tha3 -seg- Pro
to p
elti
na e
).CUCUJOIDEA:Cavognath
i d
ae,C r
y p
t oph
ag-
men
ted,loo
selyform
edclub;of
tenres
emb l
ingsm all idae(inp a r
t;m alesw i
tht ar
si5-5-4a rein G roupI),
car
abidbee
tles . ..(Fig
.226).
.[72]SALPINGIDAE Cucuj
idae,L aem oph
loeid
a e
,Silvan
idae(inp a
rt;seealso
(ex
cl
.I nopepl
i nae) GroupI)
,E rotyl
idae,Langur
idae,Nit
idul
idae(inp ar
t;see
al
soG roupF ),Phloeos
tich
id a
e, Monotom idae(inpart
;
I9
(5)Antennaewi
tha3 -s
egmented,elonga
teclub.
..10 seealso G roup sFand K ).EUCINETOIDEA:Eucine
tidae
.
—A n
ten
naefi
li
form
,s e
rra
te,o
rsli
ghtl
yi nc
ras
sate
,with
- STAPHYLINOIDEA:Agyr
tid
ae,L e
iodidae
,S cydmae n
idae.
ou
tadist
inc
t3-segment
edclub .
..11
J1Pronotumhood-l
ikeinl a
t e
r alvi
ew ,par
tia
llycove
ring
I10
(9)Bodyi
rregu
larl
yo va
lino u
tl
ine
;pronotuma nd headfromabove;antenn ae,ifclubbed
,thenw i
thall
ely
trawi
t hmar
ginsn o
tasb el
ow segm en
tslon
ga ndclubn ots ymm et
ric
al;bodyshape
.
..(Fig
.191 ).
.[44]PHLOEOSTICHIDAE fr
ome longa
tecylindr
icaltoo val
(m a
lesofPr
iasilpha) .
..(Fig.177
)..[36]ANOBIIDAE( exc
ludingPt
inin
ae)
—Bodyapprox
im a
telyov a
linou t
line
;pronotumand —P
ron o
tumn o
tasab o
ve;ant e
n nae
,ifclubbed
,thenwith
ely
trawi
thdis
tinc
tsh a
rpm argin
s c
lubsymm et
rica
l( exception:som eD erm e
st
idae)
;
..
.(Fig.210)..[60]ARCHEOCRYPTICIDAE bodyshapera
relycyli
ndrical ... 2

I11
(9 )Bodyb roadlyov a
l,flattened,wi
thd ecumbentor J2
(1)An tennaeno
tclubbed . . . 3
erec
tp ube
s cence,bris
tles,o rsca
lesformingpa
tter
ns; —Antenn
a ewi
tham oreo
rl e
ssdi
sti
nct
,1-8
-segmen
ted
,
prono
tumn arrow e
rth ane lytra
lb a
se,oftenwi
thapi- el
o n
gateandloo
selyf
o rmedorcompac
tclub
;ifc
lub
calanglesp rodu ced...(F ig.217)..[66]ULODIDAE notdis
tinc
tthensegm en
t8sm a
lle
rthanad
join
ing
(
former
l yasZophe
ridae
) segments . . . 8
—B odynarrowl yelongate,c on v
extosl
i gh
tlyf
lat
tened
,
wi
thd ecumb entpub escen ceo f
tenformingpat
terns
; J
3(2
)B odyappea
rin gspide
r-
like
;legsandantennaelong
prono
tuma sw idea selytralb as
e,withapica
langles andthin
;an t
enn alinser
tionsc
lo s
etogether;body
roundedbu tno tprodu ced ..
.1 2 coveredwithd ensepub es
cenceorscalesform ing
patterns. ..(F ig. 178). .[36 ] ΑΝΟΒΙΙDΑΕ
I
1
2
(
)
B
o
d
y
n
a
r
w
l
s
u
b
p
e
,
f
t
n
d
;
h
a
o (Pt
ininae
)
de
flex
ed,no tde eplyinser
tedintop ro
thorax
;tibiae —B odyelo
ngateoro val
;legsandantenn
aem o d
erately
w
ithou
tcomb so rspu rs long;an
tennalinser
tionsdis
tan
tfrome achother..
.4
...(Fig.218)..[67]CHALCODRYIDAE
—Bodyw edge
-sh ap ed
,t ape
ringpo st
erio
rly
,conv ex; J4(3
)Bodye long a
te-ov a
l,nar
row edpo s
terior
ly;head
headdef
lexed,d eeplyinse
rtedintopro
thorax
;tibiae conce
ale
df romabove,rest
ingagains
tprocoxaeinnat
-
o
ften wi
ths er
r a
t ecomb so rspines(Fig
.84)...13 ura
lposi
tion;m e
tacox a
eg r
eat
lyexp anded,cove
ring
muchof1stvent
ri
te;el y
traof
tenw i
thcross-s
tr
iat
ions
I13
(12)L as
ts c
lero t
isedtergi
teu sual
lycov eredbye ly
tra .
..(Fig
.155)..[17] E
U
C
I
N
T
D
A
E
andnotfo rmingana cutepro c
e s
sex tendingbeyond —Bodybroadlytonarrowlyelonga
te,subparal
lel
,oft
en
ely
tra;headno tabrup t
lycon stric
tedb ehindey es; fl
att
ened
;h e
adus u
allyprogna
th ous
,expo s
eda n
dn o
t
prono
tumw i
thl ater
alc a
rinaein complete
;m etacoxae concea
ledbyp rono tum;m etacoxaenoten la
rged;
notpla
te-shap ed..
.(Fig.212 ).
.[62 ]MELANDRYIDAE elytra w ithou t cross-s triation. .
.5
—L as
ts cl
erotisedt ergi
t eprodu cedpo s
terior
lyand
formingana cutepro ces
sex tendingb eyonde lyt
ra; J5
(4 ) Body wi
thlongande recthairs
,spa r
selyand
headabrupt
lyc on
str
ictedbehi n
de y
es;pro no
tumw ith coarse
lypun ct
ate
, mode
ratelyfla
ttened;e
lytr
ano t
late
ralcar
ina ecomp lete;m e
t acoxaeenlarged,pla
te- str
iate...(F ig.182)..[38 ]CHAETOSOMATIDAE
shaped ..
.(Fig.213 )..[63]MORDELLIDAE —Bodyw i
thoutlongander
ecth a
irs
,gl ab
rousorwith
sho
rt,spa
rsep ube
sce
nceandc oa
rsepu n
cta
tio
n;ely
tra
usu
allyst
ria
te .
..6
G
roupJ
Inc
lud e
sfam i
lie
switht
ars
alfo
rmu
lacl
ear
ly5
-5-5no
t J6
(7)Body mod er
atelyfla
ttened,usual
lypub esc
ent;
al
readyli
sted(s
eeGroup
sB,C,D,F
,andH)
. tar
salsegment2and/or3lobedbelowor,ifnotlobed
,
thena n
tenn
alscapeatlea
staslongasthe3f ol
lowing
BOSTR
ICHO :A
IDEA nob
iid
ae,Bo
str
ich
ida
e(inp
art
,in
cl. segme n
tscombin
ed;pronotumw i
thou
ts u b
la
tera
lcar-
L
y c
tin
ae;se
ealsoG
roupA),De
rmes
tida
e(inpa
rt;seeals o inae. .
.(F ig. 192 , 193)..[45 ]SILVANIDAE
G
roupG )
,Jacob
son
iid
ae(
inpar
t;s
eeG rou
pKf ors pec
ies —Bodys t
rong
lyfla
ttened,appear
ingglab rous
;tarsa
l
w
ithtars
i3-3-3
),Nosod
endr
idae
,Ptin
idae. CLEROIDEA: segm ent
s2and3no tlobedbelow;antennalscapeas

-102
-
 longasorsho
rte
rth
anthe2fo
llow
ings
egm
ent
s J14
(13)
)Bodysu r
faceglabrousorwithinconsp
icuous
combin
ed . . . 7 pub
escenc
e,usua
llyst
rongl
ygloss
y ..
.15
—Bod
ys u
rfa
cem od
erate
lytodens
elypubes
cent
,m a
ttor
J7(6)Prono
tumwi
thout2sub
l a
tera
lcarin
ae s
ligh
tlyg
loss
y ..
.18
..
.(F
i g
.194).
.[46]CUCU J
IDAE
—Pronotumwi
th2 su
bla
ter
alcari
nae J15
(14)Bodyn a
rrowlyelonga
te
,subpa
r a
lle
ltocyl
indr
i-
..
.(F
ig.195).
..[47]LAEMOPHLOEIDAE ca
l;p
ronotumsli
g ht
lytodi
st
inc
tlye
l ong
ate . .
.16
—Bodyb
roadlytonarrowlyova
l;p
ronotumtransv
erse
J8(2
) Antenn aew i
tha3 -5-o r7-segm entedc luband andn
arrow,aswideasely
tra
lbase ..
.17
usua
llyw ithsegm en
t8sm a
lle
rth anadjoin
ingon es
(Fig
.24 ),orifnotsoth enbodyd ense
lypub es
cent
; J16
(15 )Bodyn a
rrow lyelong ate
,no tcylindr
i ca
l,sub-
oft
eng labrousbeetl
es;l egsusuallybe a
ringstrong paral
lel
;p ronotumw ithoutra spliketeethatfront;
spines. ..(F ig.120 ,121 )..[10 ]LEIODIDAE meta
ster
n ume x
trem el
ye longa
te,a slon gasal
l5v en
-
—Antenna
eu sual
lyw i
thse gm e
nt8n orm a
llydeveloped
; tri
tescomb in
edo rlong er
;bodyl ength0.8-2mm
usua
llyp ube
scentbeet
les;legswith o
uts p
inesorw i
th .
..(Fig.171 )..[32]JACOBSONIIDAE
s m all s pi n e s ... 9 —Bodycy lindricalorn a
r rowlye long a
teands light
ly
fla
ttened
;p ronotumo f
t enwithr aspl
iketeethatfront
;
J9
(8)Bodyob longtob ro adlyoval
,robu st
,w i
thsho rt
, antennalclubo ft
ena symm etrical(enlargedtoon e
densepub e
scenc eorw itherec
th ai
rso rscalesoften side)
;m e
tasternumno textrem elye longate, much
formingpat
terns
;l ow e
rs ur
faceoft
e nwithcl o
se,s
ilky short
erthanall5v ent
ritescom bine d
;b odylength2.8
-
pubescence;elytraifstria
tethenw i
thas cute
llary 6mm .
...(Fig
.174 -176 )..[35]BOSTRICHIDAE
st
rio
le;a n
tennaew ithclub3-8-segm e
nted,u sua
lly3- (
incl.Ly c
tin a
e;s eealsoGr oupA)
segmen ted...(F ig.173 )..[34 ]DERMESTIDAE
—B odyshapev a
riable
,g l
a brou
sorw i
t hspar
s etod ense J17
(15)Bodyb lack,broadlyoval,stronglyconv ex;
pubescence
,rarelyform ingpat
terns(withp at
ternsin elyt
raw i
thtuft
so fshor
tpub escenceinrow s
;l egs
Trogo
ssit
idae
,s om eNit
i dul
idae
);low e
rs u
rf acewith- retr
act
ablein
toventra
lbodycavit
ies;scu
tel
luml arge
,
outsi
lkypub escen c
e;e lyt
raw i
tho rw i
thou tstr
ia e
; triangular..
.(F ig.172 ).
.[33 ]NOSODENDRIDAE
scut
ell
a r
ystr
iolea bsen
t .
..1 0 —Bodyoftenbico
lou r
ed,narrowlyov al
, moderately
convextos l
ightlyflat
tened,g labrous;legsno t
J10
(9)An
tenn
alc
lub5
-segm
ent
ed;bodyf
lat
,st
rong
ly retr
act
ablein
toventra
lbo d
yc av
it
ies;scute
llumsm a
ll
gl
ossy
;ely
traw
ithlon
gitud
in a
lst
ria
e ..
.(Fig.200)..[52] E
R
O
T
Y
L
I
D
A
E
.
..(Fig
.119)..[9
]AGYRTIDAE
—An
tenna
lclub1
-3-s
egm ent
ed ..
.11 J18
(14
)Ely
tra
lshou
lde
rs mo
reo
rle
ssp
rodu
cedan
t-
eriorly;elytr
alsu tu
rew ithapo s
ter
iorg ap(Fig.93)
J11
(10
)An
tenn
alc
lub1
-or2
-segm
ent
ed;an
ter
iorp
ro- cre at
edbyw id enedsuturalflanges
;p ronotumw ith
no
talang
lesproduced(F
ig.185
,189) .
.
.1 2 in dis
tinc
ta ndi ncomple
tel a
tera
lc a
rinae;fron
sus u
ally
—An
tenna
lclub3-segment
ed;ant
erio
rprono
talang
les withap a
irofc avi
ties
;b asalantenna
lse gmentenla
r-
no
tproduced .
.
.13 ge d,aslo n
ga st h
e2f ol
l owingsegm en
t scom b
ined
..
.(F
i g
.1 97
).
.[ 49
]CAVOGNATH IDAE
J12
(11
)Bodye
lon
gat
e-o
val
;pr
ono
tumh
ors
esh
oes
hap
ed, —E
lytr a
lshou ldersno tprodu cedan te
rio r
ly;ely
tral
wi
thanter
olat
erala n
glesst
ro n
gl ypr o
ducedanter
iorly
; sut ur
ec om p
lete(Fig
.9 4)(except
ion:Cry p
tophag
idae)
;
pyg
i d
iumc overedb yely
tra;tarsip ube
scent pro notumu sual
l ywithcom ple
telate
ralc ar
inae
;frons
.
..(Fig.185 )..[40]PHYCOSECIDAE withoutc avi
ties;basa
lan tenna
ls egments l
ight
lyen -
—Bodynarrowlyelongate;pronotumov alorrect
angu - la rged,u suallysho rt
e rthans egm ents2+3. .
.19
lar
,w i
thanterola
t e
ralangles mo reorlessproduced;
pygid
iumexpo s
ed;t a
rsiglabrou s;headw i
thprom i- J19(18)Bodyn arrowlysubp a
r a
llel
,sub cyl
indr
i calto
nen
ttemp le
s...(Fig
.188 ,189 )..[43]ΜΟΝΟΤΟΜΙDΑΕ sl
ig h
tlyfla
ttened
,m odera
tel
ye longate
;e y
escoarsely
(Lenax
, Mono
toma
) faceted;head,pronotum,ande lytranear
lyequ alin
width
;e lyt
rastri
ateors e
ria
t e
-pun cta
te;ta
rsa
ls eg-
J13
(11)Bodyan t
-l
ik e;antennalclubloose
;do r
s a
lsur- ments2a nd3w ithseto
selobes
fa
ceusua
llywithlon gpube
sce n
ce;headwit
had is
tinc
t ..
.(Fig
.199 )..[51]LANGURIIDAE
ne
ck,nea
rlyaswi d
ea sprono
t um;prono
tuma ndely
tra — Body broad
lyton a
rrowlyova
l,rare
l ysubpa
ral
le
l;e yes
ova
l,wi
thhum erirounded finelytom odera
telycoar
selyface
t ed;headdi
st
i nct
ly
...(Fig
.1 22).
.[11]SCYDMAENIDAE narrow e
rthanpronotum;ely
traasb roadaspronotum,
—B o
dynotant-
lik
e;a nten
nalclubdis
tinc
t,usua
llycom- usual
l ywith
o u
tdist
inc
tstr
iae;ta
rsalse gmen
ts2a nd3
pa
ct;d
orsa
lsurfaceglabrou
so rvar
iab
lyp ub
escent
..
.14 wit
h outse
toselobes ..
.20

-103
-
3
--
J20
(19)An t
enn a
eu sual
lyc los
elyapp roxim a
t edatbase
, 3
-3-
3;ant
e n
nae1 0
-or1 1
-se
gm ent
ed,incr
assa
teorwi
tha
of
tendiverg
ingtofo rmad istinctV;prono tumoften l
-3-
segmentedclu
b),M y
cetop
ha g
idae(t
ars
i3-4-
4or4-4
-
depre
ssedatbase;bo dyoft
e nw i
thsilkyp u b
esce
nce 4
;ant
ennae11-s
egm e
ntedwi
tha3 -or4-segmen
tedc
lub)
,
..
.(F ig
.198 )..[50]CRYPTOPHAGIDAE P
ros
tomida
e(tar
si444 ;an
tennae11-se
gm en
tedwi
tha3-
—Antenna
lb as
esbro adlyseparated,andan tennaenot s
egment
edclub)
.
formingaV -shap e
;p rono
tumno td epressed;body
wi
thshor
tp ubes
c encea ndsom et
imesw itha dd
it
ional Κ
1
T
a
r
s
l
f
o
m
u
2
-
;
b
d
yi
n
t
e
,
o
f
l
s
h
a
1
l o n g er h air s ... 2 1 mmlong ,broadlyton arrowlyov al;ely
trao f
tenex -
posing1or2a bdominalterg
ites
;h indw ingsfeather
-
J21
(20)Antenna
lclubabrup
tlycomp ac
to rbal
lshaped; like
,fringedw ithlongh air
s;an tennaeth
in ,bearing
ta
rsa
lsegm en
ts1-3moreorles
sd ila
ted,andsegm e
nt longh a
irsandw itha2 -or3-segm en
tedclub
4somet
im e
ssm a
lle
r .
..(Fig
.118 )..[8]PTINIDAE
..
.(Fig
.187).
.[42]NITIDULIDAE (
inpar
t) —Tars
alformula3 -3-3
,3 -4-4,or4 -4-4;bodyu sually
—Ant
enna
lclubloose
lyformed,no
tb a
llshaped;ta
rsa
l over1 mmlong ,variableinsh ape;elyt
racov ering
segmen
tssimple
.
..22 abdom en(ex
c ept
ion:R hizophag
i nae)
;hindw ingsn ot
feath
erl
ike,notfringe
dw i
thh ai
rs ...2
J22
(21)Bodyr egu la
rlyov alandconv exo relongat
eand
Κ2
(1)Bodyb roadlyova
ltohemi
sphe
rica
l;headmo
reor
subparal
lel
;p ronotalb a
seu sua
llyno tsinuate
;pub -
l
essconcealedbyprono
tum .
.
.3
escenceshorto rlong,w ithbrist
leso rscalesoften
—Bodyob longov altonar
rowlyelonga
teandsub-
formingpatt
er ns
p
ara
ll
el;h e
a dnotconc
eal
edbyprono
tum .
.
.5
..
.(F ig
.179 -181)..[37]TROGOSSITIDAE
—Bodyirregul
arlyov alandf la
ttened,narrow edpost- Κ3(2
)T ars
i4 -4-4s egm ented
,w i
thallsegm entssimp l
e;
er
iorl
y;pronotalb as
es inua
te;pu b
escences par
sea nd antennae8 -10 -s
egm entedwitha2 -segm entedclub;
shor
t,groupedin toclumpsone lytra me
ta co
x aee x
p andedintolarg
ep l
atesc onceal
in gfem-
..
.(Fig.191 ).
.[44 ]PHLOEOSTICHIDAE(P ri
asi
lph a
)
or
a;ey esp ar
tlyo rentire
lydivided
;bodysm a
ll(0.9-
1.5mm )
,inlif ecapableofrol
lingintoab al
l
..
.(Fig
.156 )..[18 ]CLAMBIDAE
G
roup Κ —Tar
sitruly3 -3-3-segm ent
edo rappearing3 -3-3-seg-
Include
sfamil
ieswi
thtar
salfo
rmu l
a2 -2-2,3-3
-3,3-4-4
, men
t ed
,w itha tleas
tth e2ndbilobed;ante nnae7- 11
-
or4-4-4
;antennaeof
tenwitha1 -3
-segm en
teddist
inct segm e
nte dwit ha1-6-(m os
toften3)-segm entedclub;
club;most
lysm a
llb
eet
lesaver
aging2.5-3.0mm ,though me
ta coxaew i
t houtlargepla
tes;eyesn otdi v
ide d
...4
som espec
iesupto17mmlong.
Κ4(3
)H eadp a
rtiallyo rentir elycon c e
al edbyp ronotum ,
BOSTR
ICHO :J
IDEA a
cob
son
iid
ae(
seea
lsoG
rou
pJ)(
tar
si2
- butan t
e r
iorp arto fprono tumu su allyem a
rginateand
2-2,or5 -5- 5b u
ta ppear
in g3- 3
- 3
;a n
tenn ae1 0
-or1 1 -
se g
- notex tend edin toash arp m a
rg inov erh ead;body
mentedw itha1 -3- segm entedclub). BYRRHOIDEA: H ete
r o
- oftenlarger(1- 7mm )
,o ftens potted,u su
allyglabro u
s
cer
i dae(tarsi444 ;a n
tennae1 1-segmente dwitha6 -or7 - ors ubg
l ab
r ous;a ntenna es hort
e rth anp rono
t um,w ith
segm entedc lub).CUCUJOIDEA: B othr
ideridae(tars
i4 - 4
-4; a1 -6-segm entedc lub;m axi
llaryp alpssecuri
formo r
antenn ae11 -s
egm entedw itha2 -or3-s egm entedc lub)
, withapexob l
iqu elytrun cat
e(F ig.13 -15
)
Cerylonidae( tarsi3 -3-3or444 ;a ntennae1 1-segm ented .
..(F ig.206 )..[56 ]COCCINELLIDAE
wit
hal -o r2 -se gm entedclub),C oc c
ine
llidae(tarsi3 -3-3 —Hea dpar
tial
l yore n
tire
l yc o n
ceale db yp rono
tum ,w i
t h
or4-4-4;an tenn ae7 -11-segm ented,incr a
ssateo rw itha an te
riorp arto fprono tumex t end ingintoash arp
1-6-segm e n
t edcl ub)
,C o
r y
lo ph
i dae(t
arsi3- 3
- 3
;a ntennae marginov erh e ad;bodysm a
ll(0 .5-2.5 mm )
,u sually
11-segm en tedw itha3 -segm entedclub),Endomy chidae unicoloured,d e n
selyp u be s
cent;a nte nnaelongerth a
n
(incl
.Ho lop aram ecinae)(tarsi3-3-3;an tennae11 -seg- pronotum ,w itha3 -segm entedc lub ;m axi
llaryp a
lp s
mented w itha2 -o r3-segm entedclub )
,Co rt
ic a
riid ae no tasabove. .
.(F ig.207 )..[57 ]CORYLOPHIDAE
(=L a
t hr
idii dae)(tarsi3-3-3;a ntennae1 1
- s
e gme n
te dw ith
a2-o r3-s egm e n
te dc l
ub),M o notomidae(seea l
soG rou p
s Κ
5(2
)P yg
idiume xposed;antenna
e1 0-s
egm e n
ted
,w i
t ha
Fa ndJ)(tarsi444 ;a n
tennae1 0-segm en
te dwitha1 -o r2- l-or2-segmentedc lub
;tarsa
lformula4 -4-4
segm entedc lub).EUCINETOIDEA: C lambid ae(tarsi444 ; ..
.(F ig.188,189)..[43]MONOTOMIDAE
antenn ae8 -10-s egm ented w itha2 -segm entedc lub )
. (Lenax,M ono
tom a)
STAPHYLINO IDEA:P ti
liidae(tars
i2 -2-2
;a n
t ennae1 0-o r1 1
- —Pygi
diumc ove
redb ye ly
traor(Pros
tomi dae
)p a
rt
ia
ll y
segm entedw i
tha 2-o r3-segm entedclub).TENEBRIONOIDEA: expos
ed;antennaeu sua
lly11-se
gm en
t ed(10-
segm en
-
Ci
id ae(tarsi444o r3-3-3;an tenn ae8-10 -segm ented tedinsom eColydiidae)
,w i
tha1 -4-
s egmentedclub;
wi
tha2 -or3 -segm e nt
edc lub),C o
l yd
iidae(tars
i4 -4 -4or tarsalfo rmu la3 -3-3,3 -4-4,o r4 -4-4.. .6

-104
-
Κ6
(5) Antenn a
ea slonga sw idtho fclypeus
,w itha —Bo
dyelong
atetobroad
lyo v
al,f
lat
tenedorm o
derat
ely
pec
tina
te7-segmentedclu
b;tibiaefl
att
ened
,s p
in-os
e; convex,rarelycylindrical(excep t
ion:some
bodyrobu s
t;elyt
rasubp aralle
l,w i
thp a
lerlongi- Co
lydi
idae
),vari
ablypubescen
t,rar
elyw i
thbris
tle
s;
tudinalspots.
..(Fig.162 )..[24]ΗΕΤEROCΕR1DΑΕ he
adandp rono
tumw ithouthorns
;h eadusua
llynot
—A n
tennaem uchlo
ngerthanw id
tho fc
l y
peus
,witha1- de
fle
xed ..
.1 4
4-
segm en
tedclub
;tib
iaenots p
inose;bodyusua
llynot
robus
t;ely
trarar
elyw i
thsp o
ts ..
.7 Κ14
(13)An t
ennalinser
tionsexpo sed;antenna
lc lubf-
o
r2 -
segmented
;bodyu su a
llynarrowlyelongateand
Κ7
(6)An tennaew i
thaloo sec lub;templesstronglypro- s
light
lyfla
ttened
,w ithdorsalsurfaceglabrousand
duc edpo s
terio
rly
;ey esp rom inen
t,proje c
ting;body g
lossy
,orwiths p
arseshortbr
istle
s;ely
trast
riate
strong lyd epres
sed,subp a
r a
lle
l,6-8 mmlong. .
. .
..(Fig.203)..[54]CERYLONIDAE
.
..(Fig .222)..[69]PROSTOMIDAE —Antenna
linse
rti
o n
sc oncea
ledfroma bov e
;bo dywith
—An tenn aew i
thas t
rong lyd efined
,u suallycomp act d
orsa
ls u
rfa
ceu sua
llypu b
escent .
..15
c
lub ;t emplesnotprodu cedpo ste
rior
ly;ey es moder
-
atelytos t
ronglyprom inen t
;bodyconv extoslight
ly Κ15
(14)T ar
salformu la3-4-4(m ale)o r4 -4-4;side sof
depr e
ss ed
,subpara
lle
ltob roadlyov l
a .
.
.8 p
ronotumsmoo thlycon tinuou sw ithsid esofe lytr
a;
p
ronotumo ftenw i
th2d epr es
sion sne arb ase;body
Κ8(7
)Pronotumd i
stinc
tlynarrowerthanely
tra
lbase b
roadlyton arrow lyov al
,d ense
lypub escent,often
(ex
cept
ion
:Li
thos ,C
tygnus or
tic
ari
ida
e) .
.
.9 w
ithorangeory ellowishs potso nel y
trao ru n
i fo
rm ly
—Pr
onotumasb
roada sely
tra
lb a
seorsl
ight
lyna
rrow
er b
rown ;antenn a eu sual
ly w ithaloo s e3 -or4 -seg-
.
.
.1 2 m
e n
tedclub
;a nt en na
li n
s er
tio n
se x pos
e d
...(F ig.209 )..[59 ]MYCETOPHAGIDAE
Κ9(8
)T ar
salformu
l a4 -4-4
;antennalinse
rt
ionsexpo sed; —T
arsalfo
rmu la3 -3 -3or4 -4-4inbo ths exes;sid esof
antenn
aew i
thac om pa
ct2-segm en
tedclub
;p ronotum pronotumno ta sabov e;p ronotumw ithou t2b asa
l
usua
llywitham ed ia
limp r
ession;ely
trawithdist
in c
t de p
ress
ionsa ndd if
ferent
l ys cu
lptur ed
,o ftenc overed
st
riae
;b odyna
rrow l
yo va
l,de p
ressed
,glossy w
ithpubescenceo rscalesfo rmingp a
tterns;anten nae
..
.(F ig.201,202)..[53]BOTHRIDERIDAE withanabrupt,1 -3-segm entedc lub ;antenn alinser-
—Tars
alformula3-3-3 ..
.1 0 tionsconcealed. ..(Fig.215 ,216 )..[65 ]COLYDIIDAE

Κ10
(9)Pronotumd is
tinct
lyw a
isted
,w ithab asa
lserie
s
o
fl a
teral
lyelongat
efov ea
e;ant enn aewitha2 -
seg-
men
teds phe
ric
alc
l ubandwithsegm entsa
p pe
ari
ngto
befusedtoge
ther
;sm al
lb e
etles
,1 .4-1.7 mmlong
..
.(Fig.205)..[55 ]ENDOMYCHIDAE
(Holopar
am e
cinae
)
—P
ronotumno tasabove ..
.11

Κ11
(10 )Bodyl e
ssthan0.6 mmlong ,rus
t-brown;h e
ad
abrup
tlyconstr
ict
edb ehindey es;an
tennaewithclub
appea r
ing1 -
segmen ted. ..[32]JACOBSONIIDAE
(Derolathus)(
seealsoGro u
pJ)
Body0 .8-3.0 mmlong ,b rowntob l ack
;h eadno t
abrup
tlyconst
ric
tedb eh
indey es
;antennaewithclub
2-or3-segmented.
..(Fig.2 0
8 ).
.[58
]CORTICARIIDAE
(=L at
hrid
iidae
)

Κ
12(
8 )Pronot
umw i
thac ons
pic
u ou
sraised
,sharpcar
ina
oneithersid
eofdi
sc(excep
tion
:Ho lopar
am ec
inae)
..
.(Fig
.204)..[55]ENDOMYCHIDAE
—P ronotumnotasabove ..
.13

Κ13
(12 )Bodyelonga
te,usual
lycyl
indri
cal,glab
rou sor
wi
therec
tbrist
les
;pronotumand/orheadoftenb ear
-
ingtuber
clesorhorns;headde
flexed;antennalclub
large
,loos
e,2-or3 -
segm en
ted
;bodyl eng
th1 -3 mm
..
.(F
ig.211)..[61] C
I
D
A
E

— 105
—
 I
I:L
INEARKEY 8
(5)Tars
ip seudote
tramerous(5-5-5butappearing4 -4-
[providedb yJ .C.W att
] 4)
,w iths egment3u sua
llystronglybi
lob ed,rarely
Fami
lieswi
thta
rsa
lform u
la5-5-5infema
lesb u
t5 -5-4i
nsomeor pseudotr
im erous(4-4-4butapp ear
ing3-3-3 )(Fig.
al
lm ales—MONOTOM IDAE ,CUCUJIDAE,LAEMOPHLOEIDAE, 67-81) .
..CHRYSOMELOIDEA,CURCULIONO IDEA,

IDAE (
CRYPTOPHAG al
lN .Z.g enera)
,PHLOEOSTICHIDAE(a
llN
.Z. someBYRRHOIDEA .9
.
gener
a),andPHALACRIDAE(Cycl
axyra)—keyo u
ti ntwopl
ace
s. —Tar
sinotso .
..1 9

1M
etacoxaelarge
,f usedtom et
asternum,c omplet
elydiv- 9
(8)Antennaelame
lla
te(Fig.22)
;pronotumhump ed
iding1 stventrite(Fig.88,89 )
;sternites1-3fused; la
ter
ally
.
..(F
ig.164).
.[26]CHELONARIIDAE
prothoraxw i
thd ist
inctnotopleu
r a
lsutur e
s(Fig.2) —Ant
ennaean dp
rono
tumn otso ..
.10
.
.. ADEPHAGA..2
—Metacoxaev aryingins iz
e,usu a
lly mov ablyart
icu- 1
0(9
)H e adw i
thoutar os
trum,orr are
ly(A c a
nth o
s c
elide
s)
latedto m e
tasternum,n evercomp le
telyd iv
iding1st sl
igh tlyrost
rate;antenna ewithoutac lub,no tgeni-
ve n
tri
te(Fig.9 0)
;a l
lstern
itesusual
lyf ree
;p ro
thor
a x cula
t e;antenna
ls c
r obesabsent;gul
ars utu
r esdist
inct
withoutnotopleuralsutu
res(Fig.3)..POLYPHAGA. .5 ands e p
arat
e .
..CHRYSOMELOIDEA. .11
—H eadu sual
lyp rodu cedintoaro strum(F ig.6,7 )
2
(1)Hindlegswi
thou
tswimm inghai
rs;proste
rnumno t (rostrumsho r
tandno tapparentinS colyt
in a
e,P la
ty-
p
rolongedbeh
indasam e
diankee
l;terre
stri
albee
tl
es podin ae)
;antennaew itha mor eorlessdistinctclub
,
nots trea mlinedfor aqua ticl ife...3 of
teng en
icula
tea ndretra
ctab
lei n
tos cr
o beso nsideof
—Hindlegswi
thswimminghai
rs;p
rost
er n
ump rol
onged ros
t rum(F ig.6,d )
;gu larsu
tu resusua l
lycon fluent
be
hindasam ed
ianke
el
;b odyst
reamlinedforaqu
at
i c (Fig.7 )orobsolet
e ...CURCULIONOIDEA .1
. 3
l
ife
.
..4
11(10
)An tenn aeinser
tedontub erc
les
,andc apableof
3
(2)Antennae moni
liform(Fig.19)
;h eadandpronotum be
in gf
lexedb ackwardsaga
ins
tb ody
,u su
all
ye x
tend-
wi
thd eep,pa
ired,long
itudina
lgroov e
s ingatlea
stt obaseofely
tra
.
..(Fig
.10 1
)..[1]RHYSODIDAE ..
.(Fig.234-237).
.[76]CERAMBYCIDAE
—An
ten naeusua
llyfil
ifo
rm(F ig
.1),ne v
erm oni
li
form; —Antennaeno tinser
tedontub e
r c
les
,notc apab
leo f
heada ndpr
o no
tumw i
thoutdeep
,p a
ired,lo
ngitud
inal be
ingf l
ex edb ackw a
rdsag a
instbody,usual
lyno t
grooves ..
.(Fig.102-107)..[2]CARABIDAE ex tend ingto base of e ly tra. .
. 12
(incl
.Cicind
elinae
)
12
(11)H eadsom ewhatros
trat
e;an t
enn aeandbody
4
(2)Ey esnotdiv
ided,o rab sent(e
.g.,K u
sche
l ydru
s);
b
ear
ings c
ales.
..(F
ig.238)..[77]CHRYSOMELIDAE
hi
n dleg
slongerthanforeleg
so rmid d
l eleg
s
(Bruchinae
)
...(Fig.108,109)..[3]DYTISCIDAE
—Headnotatal
lrost
rate
;antennaeandbodyw i
thout
—Eyescomplete
lydividedintoupp e
randlow erp ar
ts;
s
cal
es . .
.(Fig
.239-243)..[77]CHRYSOMELIDAE
forel
egsdis
tin
ctl
yl ongerthanmiddleo rhindle gs
(exc
l.Bruchinae
)
.
..(Fig
.110 )..[4]GYRINIDAE
1
3(1
0)A n
tenn
aeu s
uallygen
icu
late(Fig
.6,28)
,w ith1st
5
(1)Antennaew i
th10o rfewers egment
s,theterminal segmen
tre
tra
ctablein
toscr
ob e
s(Fig
.7,d)
segm en
tslamel
late
,produ
ce da n
ter
ior
lyin
t ol
ate
r a
lly .
..(Fig.251
-260)..[82
]CURCULIONIDAE
fl
a t
tenedplates(Fig
.30,31 )..
.SCARABAEOIDEA.
.6 —Ante
nnaeno
tge n
icula
te ..
.14
—Antennaera
relylamell
ateo
rflab e
lla
te
,ifsothen11-
segm e
nte
d . . . 8 14(13)Tar
siappear
ing3-3-3
;bodyformch a
rac
ter
ist
ic
,
asfi
gured
..(Fi
g.248
)..[80
]BELIDAE(Ag
lycyde
rin
ae)
6
(5)Ant
ennaegenicu
la
te,withc
lubsegmentsno
ta b
leto —Tar
si a
ppear
ing
44 -
b
4o
;dyformno tso .
..
15
befol
dedclose
lytoge
ther
;m and
ible
sprominen
t
..
.(Fig
.139-143).
.[13]LUCANIDAE 15(14
)Lab
rumdis
tinc
t,s
epa
rate(F
ig.6
,b) .
.
. 1
6
—Ante
nnaenotgen
icula
te
,w i
thc
lubsegm e
ntsab
letob e —Lab
rumnotd
is
tinc
t,no
tsep
arate .
.
. 1
7
fol
dedclose
lytoge
ther
;m an
dib
lesnotpromine
nt..
.7
16
(15)Prothoraxwithouttran
sv e
rseorlate
ralc a
rinae;
7
(6)Abdom enwith5v en
tri
tes;ely
tra
ls cu
lpturev e
ry abd
om i
nalv en
tr
itesfreeandn o
tstron
glysclero
tised
rough .
..(Fig
.144).
.[14]TROGIDAE .
..(Fig.244).
.[78]NEMONYCHIDAE
—Abdomen with6ven tri
tes;elyt
rasmoo th,o rif —Proth
oraxwithatransve
rsecar
inaa n
doftena d
dit
ional
scu
lptur
edth
enno trough l
atera
lcarinae
;v entr
ites1-4fused
,stronglysclero
-
...(F
ig.145-152).
.[15]SCARABAEIDAE t
ised
.
..(Fig
.245,246 ).
.[79]ANTHRIBIDAE

—
106—

17(15) Body strongly elongate, at least 18 mm long in- abdominal ventrites free; body form not as above; hind
cluding rostrum (Fig. 249) [81] BRENTIDAE
...
(Brentinae)
—Body length considerably less than 18 mm 18...
18(17) Trochanters strongly oblique, not separating fem-
ora and coxae (Fig. 62); 2 gular sutures, distinct and
separate (Fig. 247) .. [80] BELIDAE (Belinae)
...
—Trochanters slightly oblique, distinctly separating
femora and coxae (Fig. 63); 1 gular suture, positioned
medially (Fig. 250) .. [81] BRENTIDAE (Apioninae)
19(8) Antennae geniculate, with a compact 3-segmented
club; elytra truncate, exposing last 2 broad abdominal
tergites, never regularly 9-or 10-striate; body strongly
sclerotised, usually black, distinctive in form
(Fig. 114, 115) .. [6] HISTERIDAE
—Antennae rarely geniculate, or if so then without a
compact and 3-segmented club; other characters never
all present in combination ...20
20(19) Metacoxae with posterior face vertical and at least
slightly, usually strongly, excavate to receive retracted
femur (Fig. 66); antennae filiform, serrate, pectinate,
or thickened but never with a true club; ocelli absent;
procoxal cavities open behind (Fig. 40) 21 ...
—If metacoxae with posterior face vertical and excavate
(Nosodendridae, Dermestidae, Anobiidae) then anten-
nae with a distinct 3-segmented club, or head with a
median ocellus, or prothorax produced over head in
the form of a hood; procoxal cavities usually partly or
completely closed behind (Fig. 41) 37 ...
21(20) Abdomen with 2 basal ventrites fused together,
the suture partly obliterated; tarsi with ventral adhes-
ive lobes on segments 2-4; body form distinct, cylin-
drical anteriorly (Fig. 157) .. [33] BUPRESTIDAE
...
—Abdomen with all ventrites usually free, or if fused
(Elateroidea) then suture between 1st and 2nd vent-
rites as distinct as that between 2nd and 3rd; tarsi
rarely with adhesive lobes on more than 1 segment;
body form not as above 22
...
22(21) Anterior median part of mesosternum deeply and
narrowly excavate, with sides of cavity vertical,
receiving narrow, pointed posterior process of
prosternum, these together usually forming part of
`click mechanism' (Fig. 54); abdomen with basal 4
ventrites fused; body form characteristic, as in Fig.
165-167; hind angles of pronotum almost always
produced backwards, partly around elytral shoulders
ELATEROIDEA.. 23
...
—Anterior median part of mesosternum shallowly and
broadly excavate, or not excavate at all; posterior
prosternal process absent, or not shaped as above;
—107—
angles of pronotum at most rectangular, not produced
backwards 24
...
23(22) Labrum not visible externally; antennal insertions
distant from eyes (Fig. 165) .. [27] EUCNEMIDAE
...
—Labrum free, visible externally; antennae inserted near
eyes (Fig. 166, 167) .. [28] ELATERIDAE
...
24(22) Minute beetles less than 1 mm long; antennae
slender, filiform, with last 3 segments enlarged; wings
reduced to a central axis with anterior and posterior
fringes of long hairs (Fig. 118) .. [8] PTILIIDAE
...
—Larger beetles, length exceeding 1 mm; antennae not
so; wings (if present) with a broad lamina and venation
... 25
25(24) Elytra truncate, leaving usually 6 sternites ex-
posed (Fig. 124, 127-130) .. [12] STAPHYLINIDAE
...
(in part)
—Elytra rarely truncate, leaving fewer than 6 sternites
exposed (usually 1-3) 26
...
26(25) Loosely articulated, elongate beetles with soft
integument (e.g, Fig. 169); elytra not closely em-
bracing abdomen laterally; metacoxae very short,
without plate-like extensions of ventral hind margin
(femoral plates) 27
...
—Compact, usually less elongate beetles, with firmer
integument; elytra closely embracing abdomen later-
ally; metacoxae usually longer, and with distinct
femoral plates (Fig. 52, 53) 28
...
27(26) Elytra with longitudinal costae between pairs of
striae; trochanters long, transversely joined to femora
(Fig. 64) (Fig. 168) .. [29] LYCIDAE
...
—Elytra without distinct striae or longitudinal costae;
trochanters short, obliquely joined to femora (Fig. 65)
(Fig. 169) .. [30] CANTHARIDAE
...
28(26) Base of pronotum crenulate; scutellum heart
shaped (Fig. 163) .. [25] PTILODACTYLIDAE
...
—Base of pronotum not crenulate; scutellum not so 29 ...
29(28) Metacoxae at least narrowly separated by a tri-
angular anterior median projection of basal sternite;
body without sessile scales; anterior part of proste-
rnum somewhat produced forwards to partly cover
ventral Surface of head BYRRH IDEA (in part) .. 30
... O
—Metacoxae contiguous, or if narrowly separated
(Byrrhidae, Curimus) then body clothed dorsally with
sessile scales; prosternum emarginate anteriorly 34...
30(29) Antennae very short, with anterior processes on
last 7 or 8 segments (Fig. 29); body densely setose or
with very long pubescence (Fig. 159, 162) 31
...
 —An
tenn
aeno
tasabov
e;bodyne
ith
erd
ens
elys
eto
se —An
tenn
aenota
sabov
e,long
erthan m
axi
lla
ryp
alps
;
n
orwi
thve
ryl
ongpube
scen
ce .
.
.32 he
adwith
outaY-
sha
pedimpres
sedl
ine ..
.39

31(30)Legswi
thoutsp
ines;tar
salformul
a5 -5
-5 38
(37)Bodyu sual
lyv eryconvex,e longate-ov alto
..
.(Fig.159).
.[21]DRYOPIDAE a
lmosthemi
spher
ica
l;abdom e
nw i
t h5v ent
rit
e s
—L egs
,espe
cial
lyfore
leg s
,w i
tharowo fspineson ..
.(Fig
.111 -113).
.[5 ]HYDROPHILIDAE
e x
tern
aledg
e;ta
rsa
lform u
la4 -
4-4 —Bodyles
sconve
x,m o
reelonga
te;abd omenwith6o r7
..
.(Fig.162).
.[24] Η
Ε
T
R
O
C
Ι
D
Α v
ent
ri
tes .
..(F
ig.116,117)..[7]HYDRAENIDAE
32
(30)M e
tacoxaewidelysepa
rat
ed,oval
;bodyl essthan
1
.4mml on
g;int
ert
i d
al ..
.[23]LIMNICHIDAE 39
(37)E lyt
ratrunca
tea tapex,leavinga tleast3scle
ro-
(Hy pha
linae
) tis
eda bdomina
ltergit
esun c
o ve
r ed
;a ntennaefi
li
form
—Meta
cox aenarrowlys ep
arat
ed,transvers
e;body orthickenedtow ardsap ex
,bu tw ithou tastrong,
l
arge
r,leng
th morethan1.4 mm;notin
t e
rt
id a
l...33 comp ac
tclub(exception
:S taphyl
inid ae:Eu ae
sthe
t-
inae , Microsilphinae). .. 40
33(32
)Bodye longate
,w i
thpub escencenotforminga —
If3o rm o
res c
ler
oti
sedt e
rgi
tese x
p osedt he
nelyt
ran o
t
pat
tern
;vent
ralsur
facew ithoutgroovesforlegsand trunca
te(Salp
ingidae:Inopepl
in a
e),o rantenn
aew i
th
antennae. ..(F ig. 160). .[22] ELMIDAE astrong ,compac tclub(N itidu lidae)..
.41
—Bodybroad
lyoval
,withpube s
cenceformingapatter
n;
legsandant
ennaeret
ractableintogroovesonv en
tra
l 4
0(3
9)A bdomenw ithv e
rylimiteddorso v
entra
lflex
i b
ility
;
sur
face
..
.(Fig
.1 61
).
.[23]LIMNICHIDAE(L imn
i c
hinae
) max
illa
ryp alpsu su a
llylongand mod if
ied(Fig.16 );
int
egum entw i
thc haract
eri
st
i cdee pfoveaeinv arious
34
(29)M etacoxaescarcelycon t
iguous,occasiona
llynot pos
it
ions,es pe
ciall yonv er
texo fh eadan dpronot um
contiguous;bodyb ro ad,convex;m esocoxaew ide
ly ..
.(Fig.126 )..[12 ]STAPHYLINIDAE (Pselaphinae)
separated(Fig
.52 ,53 );legsandantennaer e
trac
table —Abdom enflexibledo rsoventra
lly;m axi
lla
ryp alps
intog r
o ove
so rdepres s
i on
so nven
tralsurface usua
llym odera
tel ylo n
ga ndn o
tm odif
ied;in
teg um en
t
...(FIg
.1 58
)..[20]BYRRHIDAE rar
elyw i
ths uchf o vea
e
—Metacox aest
ronglycon tiguous;bodyformv ar
iable
, .
..(e.g.
,F ig.127-138)..[12 ]STAPHYLINIDAE
notasa bove;m es
oco xa enar
rowlysepar
ate d
;legsand (excl
.P se
la phinae
,Sil
p hote
l us
)
antenna eusual
lyno tr etra
ctabl
eintogroov esord e
-
pressionsonv ent
ralsu r
face...EUCIΝΕTOIDEA.. 3
5 41
(39)Bodyles
sthan1 .8mmlong ,conv ex;v e
rtexwith
apai
rofdeepfove
a ebe
tw eeneyes;side
so ffron
sw it
h
35
(34)Metacoxaeconsid
er ab
lyn a
rrow edla
tera
lly;fem - adeepsemi
cir
cula
ri nc
isioninfrontofe acheye
o
ralpl
atessm a
ll;4tht ar
som erelobedbelow ;h ead ..
.(Fig
.125)..[12]STAPHYLINIDAE (Si
lpho
telus)
w
ithcha
racte
ris
ti
ck ee
l sb e
hinda ndbel
owe yes(F ig
. —H e
adw i
thou
tthiscombin a
tionoffov eaeandl a
teral
12)...(F ig. 153 , 154 ). .[ 16 ] SCIRTIDAE inc
is
ions
..
.4 2
—Me
tacoxaenotnar
row edl a
ter
al
ly;f emor
alpla
tesv ery
l
arge
;tars
iw i
thoutlobedsegm e
nts;headwithoutsu c
h 42
(41)Meta
coxaewithpost
erio
rf a
cev e
rti
calandex-
k e e l s ... 3 6 c
ava
tedt
orece
ivere
trac
tedfemur(Fig
.56) . .
.43
—Me
tac
oxaewi
thposte
rio
rfacenotver
ti
cal ..
.47
3
6(3
5)Elong
ate-ova
lbeetle
s;headnarrow,c onceal
edb y
prono
tum;ta
rsa
lf o
rm ul
a5 -5
-5 43(42
)H eadwithap a
irofocel
libetwe
enandclo seto
.
..(Fig
.155)..[17] E
U
C
I
N
T
D
A
E eyes
;smal
lb ee
tl
es,len
gthle
ssthan1
.8mm
—Hemisphe
rica
lb ee
tles
;h eadv e
ryb road,reflex
ible .
..(F
ig.170).
.[31
]DERODONTIDAE
aga
ins
tac a
vit
y( b
ou n
dedp os
ter
ior
lyb yas emici
rcul
ar —Pai
redoce
ll
ia b
sent ..
.4 4
car
ina
)onu nde
rsideofthora
x;tar
salf o
rm ula4-4-4
..
.(Fig
.156). .[18]CLΑΜΒΙDAE 44
(43)H eadwi
tham ed
ianoce
llus(
sometimesobscu
red
bylong,coa
rses
etae
)..
.[34]DERMESTIDAE (
inpa
rt
)
—Headwithou
tanyoce
llu
s .
.
.4 5
37
(20)An tenna
esho r
t,with6thsegm en
t modi
fieda sa
cupul
e(F ig
.26,27 )andt e
rminal3o r4segm ent
s 45
(44)P ro
thoraxproducedoverh eadinahood -
like
form
ingas t
rong,pubesc
entclu
b( e
x c
ept
ion
:M eropa- f
ashion;an
tennaeser
rate
,flabe
llate
,orw ith3s eg
-
thus
,wi
t hc
lubelonga
teandn o
tasab ov
e —Fig.1 17)
, m
entseachenl
argedbu
tn o
tformingac om p
a c
tclub
or
,ifclubw eakandno tpubescen
t,then maxil
l a
ry ..
.(Fig
.177).
.[36]ANOBIIDAE (Anobi
inae
)
pa
lpsm uchlong
erthanante
nnae;headof
tenwithaY - —Prot
h or
axnothooded
;a n
tennaewi
t hacom pactclub
shapedimp ressedl ine on ve rtex. .. 38 ..
.4 6

— 108
-
46(45)Formveryconv ex
,b roadlyoval;tib
iaeflat
tened
, -B
-Baa
ss
aa
ll3v ent
ritesfused,thesutu
r esbetw eenth em
e
xpandedtoward
sa pex;proc ox
alprocessrec
eivedby shallowerandn a
rrowerthanthosebetw e
en3 rd/4th
m
edia
nc av
ityinme so
sternum and4 th/5thv entr
ite
s(wh icharefreely mov able,
..
.(F ig
.172 ).
.[33]NOSODENDRIDAE usuallyw i
thexpo sedinte
rsegmentalm emb ranes);
—Formlessconvex,elongate;tibi
aeno tfl
attenednor antennaev a
riableinshape
,butveryrarelyw i
tha3 -
expandedapic
al
ly;p r
o coxalproces
sa bsen
t segm en
te dcl
u b;bodyleng
thusua
llyo ver3.5mm
.
..[34 ]DERMESTIDAE (Derm e
st
inae
) ..
.(Fig
.219-221)[68]TENEBRIONIDAE

47
(42
)Tars
alfo
rmul
a5-5
-4 .
.
.48 56
(54)P rocoxa
lc avit
iesclosedbeh
indbyla
tera
lexp an-
—Ta
rsa
lformu
lano
t5-5
-4 .
.
.69 sio
nso fapexo fpros
terna
lproce
ss(F
ig.39
);basal3or
4 ven tri tesfusedtoge ther. .. 57
48(47)H e
adsha
rplycons
tr
ictedtoanarrowneck
,best —P ro
co xa
lc av
itiesclo
sedb eh
indbyinwar
de xt
e n
sions
s
e e
ninob
liq
u ev
iewsinm os
tspe
cime n
s ..
.49 ofhypop l
eur a(Fig
.38 ),ornotcomple
telyclosed;
—H eadno
tsha
rplycons
tr
ict
edtoan ar
rown e
ck..
.53 ventri
tesu suallyfree,rare
ly wi
thbasal2fu sed
toge
t he
r ..
.58
49
(48)Apica
labdom ina
lterg
iteproducedpo
sterior
ly
in
toastoutsp
ine..
.(Fig
.213)..[63
]MORDELLIDAE 57
(56)Pros
ternalinter
coxalpro c
essbroad;bas
al3v en-
—A p
ica
labdomin
alte
rgi
tenotp
r o
ducedasasp
ine...50 t
ri
tesfusedto g
ether
,and4t hand5thm ovab
le;sca
les
u
suallyp resen t.
..(Fig.217 )..[66]ULODIDAE
5
0(4
9)A n
ten
naef
lab
ell
ate
;tar
salcl
aw st
o o
t hed(Fig.87) (forme
rlyasZ ophe
rida
e)
..
.(Fig
.214)..[64]RHIPIPHORIDAE —Pros
tern
alproc e
ssverynar
r owb etw
e e
nc o
xae;basa
l4
—Ante
nnaeno
tfl
abe
ll
ate
;tar
salcl
aw sno
tt oothed.
..5 1 v
ent
rit
esfu s
e dtoge
ther
,onl ythe5thm ovab
le;sca
les
u
sual
lyab sent..
.(Fig.218 ).
.[67]CΗΑLCODRΥΙDAE
51(50
)T ib
ialspu
rspub
escen
t(Fig
.85)
..
.(F
ig.233).
.[75
]SCRAPTIIDAE 58
(56)Tib
ialspu
rsse
rra
te(exc
eption
:Dοxοzi
lo )(
ra Fi
g.
—Tib
ialspu
r sab
sen
t ..
.52 8
4) .
..(F
ig.212)..[62
]MELANDRYIDAE
—Tib
ia
ls pur
ssimp
leorabse
nt .
..59
52(51)Fi
rst2s tern
ite
sfu sed,thesu turebetweenth em
obl
ite
rated,atleas
tm edially
;t arsiwithpenult
im a
te
5
9(5
8)Penul
tima
tetar
sals
egme
ntb
ilo
bed,e
xte
ndi
ngb e
-
segmentsm a
llandsimp l
e,ant epenul
tim a
tesegm ent
nea
thlas
tsegmen
t .
.
.6 0
lobedbe low. ..(F ig.232 )..[74 ]ADERIDAE
—Al
ltar
salsegme
ntssimp
le
,wi
tho
utlob
es .
.
.6 2
—Fir
st2sterni
tesfreely mov ab
le,th esutu
r ebetw een
themd i
stinct
;tarsiwithp enultim a
tesegm entlob ed
below
,a ntepenu
lt
im a
tes egm entsim p
le 6
0(5
9)B a
sal2vent
rit
esfusedto
g e
the
r,andv ent
ri
t es3-5
.
..(Fig.228-231 )..[73]ANTHICIDAE wi
thvis
ibl
eint
ersegment
alm embr
an e
s
..
.(Fig
.229)..[73]ANTHICIDAE
53(48
)Elytr
aabbrev
iat
ed,leav
ingatleast4s c
l ero
tised (Lagr
ioidinae
)
te
rgi
tesexpo
sed ...(Fig
.227)..[72]SALPINGIDAE —V en
tr
ite
sfree
,thelin
esbetweenequal
lydist
inct.
..61
(Inop ep
linae
)
—Ely
tranotoronlysl
ightlyabbrevia
ted,cov er
ing 61
(60)Elyt
ralepip
leuraindi
stinc
t(Fig.95),res
tr
ictedto
abdomina
lte
rgit
es,whichexceptforpygidiuma re p
roxima
l( b
asal
)h a
lfofelyt
ra;bodyforma si
llu
st
r a
ted
m e m br a n o u s ... 5 4 ..
.(Fig.223)..[70]OEDEMERIDAE
—Elyt
ralep
i p
leur
ad is
tinc
tb utnar
row(F ig.96
),exten-
54
(53)W ithash el
f-
likecan
thusform edbydorso
lat
era
l d
ingto,oralmo sttoap exofelytra;bodyfo rma s
mar
gino ffronsunde
rw hic
ha n
tennaearein
ser
ted
,the i
llus
tra
ted...(Fig.224,225 ).
.[71 ]PYROCHROIDAE
can
thu sext end
ingb a
ckandu sual
lyen c
roach
ingon
f
rontm arginofeye(Fig
.11,f);antenna
lsocke
tand 62(59
)Bodyu su
allystronglydepre
ssed,usua
llyna
rrow
scape no tv isiblefro m above. .. 55 andpa
ral
lels
id ed(Fig.193 )
-195 .
..63
—Wi
t h
outat ruec a
nthu
se x
tend
ingb a
ckt oey
e;ant
enna
l —Bodynotst
ronglyd epress
ed,ifbroadthennotpar
-
socke
ta ndb a
seofscapeusua
llyvisib
le .
..56 al
le
lsi
d e
d .
..65

55
(54)Onlyv ent
ri
tes1and2fu sed
,remainingventri
tes 63
(62)Bodypub escent
;tar
sals
egm ent2and /or3lob ed
mo
vable
,wi t
hvisib
lei n
ters
e gme
nta
lm em b
ranes
;a nt
- be
lowor,ifnotlobed
,thenan
tenn a
ls ca
p eatleas
ta s
e
nnaewithad i
stinc
t,loose
lyart
icu
la
ted,3-se
gm e n
ted longa
sthe3f ol
lowingsegmen
tsc ombined;pronotum
c
lub;bodylengthlessthan3.5mm wi
thou
tsub l
ateralcar
inaeandof tenwithan ter
ior
.
..(Fig
.210 )..[60
]ARCHEOCRYPTICIDAE ang
lesproduced
...(F
ig.192
,193 )..[45]SILVANIDAE

— 109
-
9-
 o
—Bd yap
pear
in ggl
abrous
;ta
rsa
lsegmen
ts2and3n o
t -Anter
iorma
rginofpronotumalmo s
ta lwaysconvex,
lobedbe
low;a n
tenn
alscapea
slonga
sorsho
rte
rthan cover
inghead
,wh ichisnotvisiblefromabov e
;if
the2fo
llowingsegmen
tscombin
ed;p
rono
tumusua
lly prono
tumem a
rgin
ateanter
ior
ly,leavingh eadpar
tly
w
ithsub
late
ralcar
inae(F
ig.195
) .
..64 vis
ibl
e(Or
thoperu
s),thenfemorallinesabsen
t
.
..(Fig
.207)..[57 ]CORYLOPHIDAE
64
(63)Prono
tumwithou
t2subm arg
inalcar
inae
.
..(F
ig.194).
.[46]CUCUJIDAE 73(70
)Bodych a
racte
ris
tica
llystronglydepressed;head
—Pronotumwi
th2subm a
rgin
alcar
inae sharplycons
tri
ctedtoad is
tin c
tn eckbehindp rom-
...(F
ig.195).
.[47]LAEMOPHLOEIDAE inenttemple
s;basa
l2v ent
ri
t esfused
.
..(F
ig.222 )..[69]PROSTOMIDAE
6
5(62
)Procoxa
es t
rong
ly,o b
liq
uelypr o
ject
ing,c
o n
tiguous —Bodyc onv
extom oder
atel
yd epressed
;h eadwithouta
oralmos
tso,obscu
ringinte
rcoxa
lp r o
cess
;bodys hape di
st
in ctneck
;allventr
itesfree,orb asa
l3v ent
rit
es
asil
lust
rated..
.(Fig.226,227 )..[72]SALPINGIDAE f u s e d ... 7 4
—Procoxaenotprojec
tingabov el evelofint
er coxal
proce
ss,whichisc
l e
arlyvis
ibleb etweenth
em ;body 74(73
)T rochan
terso fobl
iqu eclav
icorntype(Fig
.60,d);
shape not as above ... 66 te
rm i
nalsegm entofm axil
l a
rypalpm oreslend
erthan
penu
lt
im at
es egm en
t,of
t enn eed
le-
like
;b odyforma s
6
6(65
)Elytratru
ncat
e,lea
vingp y
gidiume xp
osed
;a n
ten- il
lustrated. ..(F ig.203 )..[54 ]CERYLONIDAE
naeappa r
ent
ly10 -
segm en
ted(segm ent
s10and11 —Tro
chanterso fh e
t e
rome roidtype(Fig.58,59)
,w ith
fused
,forminga1 -
segme n
tedclubinm a
les
) ba
seoff emurextendin
ga ro un
dt ro
c han
terononeside
..
.(Fig.189).
.[43]MONOTOMIDAE (M ono
toma) tocoxa;terminalsegm ento fm ax
ill
aryp a
lpbroad e
r
—Ely
tranottrunca
te;pyg
idiumno texposed
;antennae thanpenul
timates egment .
..75
1
1-se
gm ented
,witha3-segmentedcl
u b .
..67
75(74)B as
al3v ent
ri
tesfused
,thelinesb
etweenthem
67
(66)Formb road,conv ex
,almosthemispher
ical
;body fineandsh al
lowincon tra
stw i
ththebro
ad,d eep
g
los
sy,glabrous,1.6-
2mml ong(m a
leso fCycl
axy
ra) su turesbe tweenven t
rites4and5. .
.76
.
..(Fig.196).
.[48]PHALACRIDAE (
inpar
t) —V en
tri
tesfr
ee,thedivi
sionsbetweenth
emequ alin
—Forme longate,l e
ssconvex;body m at
ttosligh
tly d e
pthandwidth ..
.77
g
los
sy,pub e
s c
en t .
.
.6 8
76
(75)Antenn
ae10-segmen
ted;sidesofheadandante-
68
(67)M alemesocoxalcavit
iesop enlate
r a
lly,rea
ched r
iorpa
rtofpro
thora
xw i
thde epcav
it
iesforre
trac
ted
bymesepimer
a;b odyforma si
llus
trat
ed;l e
n g
th2.5-5 antennae(F ig.8 ,b)...[68 ]TENEBRIONIDAE
mm .
..(Fig
.190 ,191)..[44]PHLOEOSTICHIDAE (Ph
renapat
inae
)
—Mal
em esocoxa
lc a
vit
iesclosedla
teral
lyb ym ee
tingof —A n
tenn
ae11-se
gme n
ted
;sid
e sofheadandp ro
thora
x
me
sost
ernumandm etas
ternum,no treachedbym e
s- w
ithou
tcavi
tie
s..
.[65]COLYDIIDAE (Pyc
n omer
inae
)
ep
im e
ra;bodyforma sil
lustra
ted;leng
thu sual
lyless
than2.5 mm...(Fig.198 )..[50]CRYPTOPHAGIDAE 7
7(7
5)A ntennae9 -or1 0
-segm en
tedw i
tha3 -segm e n
ted
club(Fig
.9 );headdeflexed(Fig
.9 );prothoraxs om e
-
whathood edov erh ead(Fig.9);lateralm argin sof
69(47)Tarsalformula4-4
-4,ra
rely3
-4-4in ma
les fronse x
planateabovea n
te nna
lb ase(Fig.9),b uttan-
(M yce
tophag
ida
e) .
.
.70 gent
ialtoto pofe y
e,n o
tformin gatruec anthus
—Tar
salformul
anota e
sabov .
.
.80 .
..(Fig.211 ).
.[61 ]CIIDAE
—Antennae11 -segmented,usual
lyw itha3 -segm ented
70
(69)T a
rsiwi
thantepenul
tima
tes egmentando f
ten cl
u b
;h eadn o
td e
flexed;protho
raxs om et
im esexte n
d-
ba
salsegm
entlob
edb e
low;femorall
inesof
tenpres
- ingfo rwardov e
rh ead,butnothood eda sinC iidae;
ent on ven trite 1(F ig. 92 , a)... 71 la
t e
ralm arginoffronsof
t enformingac anthu
si nline
—Tarsa
lsegmen
tsnotlob
ed;femo
ralline
sa b
sent
..
.7 3 wi
the yean doftenencroa
c h
i n
go nfrontm a r
gin...7 8

71
(70)Bodyformch a
rac
ter
is
tic
,w i
thpronotumbea
ring 78
(77 )M esocoxalcavitiesop enla
t e
ral
ly(Fig.42)
,
aconsp
icuousra
ised
,curved,sha
rpc a
rinaoneach r eac
hedb ym e
sepim e
ra;dorsalbodysur
facesmooth
,
s
ide
..
.(Fig
.204).
.[55
]ENDOMYCHIDAE (Myce
tae
inae
) p ube
scent,wi
thoutscales
;m aleta
rsi3-4
-4
—Bodyandpronotumnotasabove .
..72 .
..(Fig
.209 )..[59
] M
Y
C
E
T
O
P
H
A
G
I
D
—M e
socoxalcav
it
iesclosedla
teral
ly(Fig
.43)bym e
so-
72
(71) An
ter
iormarginofpronotuma lmostalw ays st
ernuma ndmeta
sternum,notreac
hedb ymese
pimer
a;
em
argi
nat
e,l
eav
ingm o
stofheadvis
iblef
roma bo v
e dor
salbodysurfaceoftenrough(e.g,F.ig
.215)and
.
..(F
ig.206
)..[56
]COCCINELLIDAE cl
othedw i
thsca
les;ta
rsi4-4-4inb o
thsexe
s . .
.79

-110
-
79(78) Body usually subcylindrical, glabrous or micro-
setose, glossy; antennal insertions exposed; all vent-
rites free ... (Fig. 201, 202) .. [53] BOTHRIDERIDAE
—Body rarely subcylindrical, its surface usually rough
and clothed with hairs or scales, usually dull; antennal
insertions concealed; ventrites 1-3 or 1-4 connate
... (Fig. 215, 216) .. [65] COLYDIIDAE
80(69) Tarsal formula 3-3-3 ... 81
—Tarsal formula 5-5-5 ... 84
81(80) Body minute, less than 0.7 mm long; antennal
pedicel larger than scape; common in bat guano, and
known from nests of Rattus exulans
... [32] JACOBSONIIDAE (Derolathrinae)
—Body larger, exceeding 1 mm in length; antennal scape
larger than pedicel ... 82
82(81) Eyes absent; body parallel-sided
... (Fig. 201) .. [53] BOTHRIDERIDAE (Anommatinae)
—Eyes present; body not as above ... 83
83(82) Procoxal cavities open behind; body form char-
acteristic, as illustrated
... (Fig. 205) .. [55] ENDOMYCHIDAE (Holoparamecinae)
—Procoxal cavities closed behind; body form not so
... (Fig. 208) .. [58] CORTICARIIDAE (= Lathridiidae)
84(80) Metasternum longer than combined length of ven-
trites 1-4; legs very short; body depressed, character-
istic in shape, as illustrated
... (Fig. 171) .. [32] JACOBSONIIDAE (in part)
—Metasternum shorter than combined length of ven-
trites 1-4; legs longer; body shape not so ... 85
85(84) Prothorax hooded (Fig. 10), produced over head;
head partly or entirely concealed from above ... 86
—Prothorax not hooded; head not concealed ... 87
86(85) Antennal insertions separated by more than length
of scape; trochanters obliquely joined to femora (Fig.
60, a); elytra elongate, parallel-sided
... (Fig. 174-176) .. [35] BOSTRICHIDAE
(incl. Lyctinae)
—Antennal insertions closely approximated on frons,
separated by much less than length of scape; troch-
anters squarely joined to femora (Fig. 61, d); elytra
broad, convex ... (Fig. 178) .. [36] ΑΝΟΒΙΙDΑΕ
(Ptininae)
87(85) Antennae with last 5 segments distinctly broader
than basal segments, forming a loosely articulated
club, with segment 8 smaller than segment 7 or 9 (Fig.
24), or rarely with a 4-segmented club with segment 8
smaller than segment 9, 10, or 11, or if antennae
filiform then elytra with transverse striae; protarsi
broader in males than in females; body moderately to
strongly convex, oval in outline
... (Fig. 120, 121) .. [ 10] LEIODIDAE
—Antennae not so; elytra without transverse striae;
protarsi usually not broader in males than in females
... 88
88(87) Antennae weakly but distinctly clubbed, with
segments 1-6 glabrous, segment 3 longer than scape,
and segments 7-11 much broader, pubescent, forming
a loose club; protarsi and mesotarsi expanded in males
... (Fig. 119) .. [9] AGYRTIDAE
—Antennae not so; protarsi and mesotarsi rarely
expanded in males ... 89
89(88) Body small, less than 2.5 mm long, glossy, very
convex; elytra truncate apically, exposing sclerotised
pygidium; ventrite 1 at least as long as next 3 ventrites
together ... (Fig. 131) .. [12] STAPHYLINIDAE
(Scaphidiinae)
—Body usually larger, if small then not glossy and
strongly convex; elytra not truncate; pygidium not
sclerotised; ventrite 1 shorter than next 3 ventrites
together ... 90
90(89) Body shape characteristically ant-like; head
strongly constricted to a narrow neck; prothorax and
elytra narrowed at base, forming a distinct waist;
antennae not clubbed; body strongly pubescent;
terminal segment of maxillary palp short and sharply
pointed ... (Fig. 122) .. [11] SCYDMAENIDAE
—Body shape not so; other characters not present in
combination ... 91
91(90) Abdomen with pygidium not exposed; antennae
with last 2 segments fused, forming a conspicuous
club; body moderately to strongly elongate
... (Fig. 188) .. [43] MONOTOMIDAE
(Lenax)
—If abdomen with pygidium exposed and sclerotised
then antennal club 3-segmented and body less
elongate ... 92
92(91) Antennae with a very broad, compact, 3-segmen-
ted club; pygidium, and sometimes 1 or 2 tergites in
front of it, usually sclerotised and exposed
... (Fig. 187) .. [42] NITIDULIDAE
—Antennae with club (if any) narrower and more loosely
articulated; abdominal tergites concealed under elytra
... 93
93(92) Procoxae strongly projecting and contiguous
externally, their cavities oblique; body with stout,
erect pubescence (Fig. 182-184) ... 94
 —Procoxae not or weakly projecting, not contiguous ex-
ternally, their cavities not oblique; body if pubescent
dorsally then with pubescence shorter, finer, and less
projecting, or with short bristles ... 96
94(93) Tarsi with at least segments 2 and 3 lobed below
(exception: Metaxina, all segments simple); antennae
usually with a loosely articulated, 3-segmented club
... (Fig. 183, 184) .. [39] CLERIDAE
—Tarsi with all segments simple; antennae filiform ... 95
95(94) Body bearing very long, erect dorsal setae; mouth-
parts, especially mandibles, prominent; body shape
characteristic, as illustrated
... (Fig. 182) .. [38] CHAETOSOMATIDAE
—Not as above ... (Fig. 186) .. [41] MELYRIDAE
(also as Dasytidae)
96(93) Antennae 10-segmented, with a strong, apparently
1-segmented club formed by fusion of segments 10
and 11; body shape characteristic, as illustrated
... (FIg. 185) .. [40] PHYCOSECIDAE
—Antennae not as above, usually 11-segmented; body
shape not so ... 97
97(96) Mesocoxal cavities open laterally (Fig. 44), i.e.,
mesepimeron reaching cavity ... 98
—Mesocoxal cavities closed laterally (Fig. 45) by
meeting of mesosternum and metasternum, which
exclude mesepimeron from cavity ... 106
98(97) Body elongate, strongly depressed
... (Fig. 194) .. [46] CUCUJIDAE
—Body usually less elongate, less depressed, and if
elongate then strongly convex ... 99
99(98) Protibia with outer edge characteristic, carinate,
with regularly spaced narrow, transverse indentations
(Fig. 83); body usually very small and convex, less
than 1.7 mm long ... (Fig. 179) .. [37] TROGOSSITIDAE
(Rentoniinae)
—Protibia with outer edge not so, not carinate; body
length exceeding 1.7 mm ... 100
100(99) Procoxal cavities closed behind; elytra distinctly
striate ... (Fig. 181) .. [37] TROGOSSITIDAE
(Trogossitinae)
—Procoxal cavities open behind; elytra without distinct
striae, though occasionally with numerous rows of
punctures ... 101
101(100) Elytra with numerous long, erect setae on dorsal
surface (Fig. 180), or with numerous rows of punc-
tures; body broad, parallel-sided; lateral margins of
pronotum and elytra explanate ... 102
—112-
-Elytra without erect setae on dorsal surface, without
definite rows of punctures; body shape not so; lateral
margins of pronotum and elytra usually not explanate
... 103
102(101) Protibia with a single spur; antennal club
usually markedly asymmetrical
... (Fig. 180) .. [37] TROGOSSITIDAE (Lophocaterinae)
—Protibia with 2 unequal spurs; antennal club sym-
metrical ... [37] TROGOSSITIDAE (Protopeltinae)
103(101) Body small, strongly convex, glossy, less than
2.5 mm long; elytral epipleura each with 2 very deep,
interconnected pits in females
... (Fig. 196) .. [48] PHALACRIDAE (genus Cyclaxyra)
—Body not so, more than 2.5 mm long; elytral epipleura
without deep pits ... 104
104(103) Body broadly oval; sides of pronotum explan-
ate; antennae with last 3 segments much broader than
the remainder in females
... (Fig. 191) .. [44] PHLOEOSTICHIDAE (Priasilphinae)
—Body elongate, parallel-sided; sides of pronotum not at
all explanate; antennae with last 3 segments scarcely
differentiated from the remainder ... 105
105(104) Prothorax with lateral gibbosities, but not car-
inate laterally in females; body form as illustrated
... (Fig. 190) .. [47] PHLOEOSTICHIDAE (Agapythinae)
—Prothorax without lateral gibbosities, carinate later-
ally, at least at apex and base; body form as illustrated
... (Fig. 197) .. [49] CAVOGNATHIDAE
106(97) Elytral epipleura indistinct or well marked only
in proximal half; epipleural carinae indistinct or
absent posteriorly; body form as illustrated
... (Fig. 198) .. [50] CRYPTOPHAGIDAE (females)
—Elytral epipleura distinct, extending to apex or almost
so; epipleural carinae distinct throughout ... 107
107(106) Tarsal claws strongly toothed at base; body
broad, strongly convex
... (Fig. 196) .. [48] PHALACRIDAE
—Tarsal claws simple; body less convex, more elongate
... 108
108(107) Pronotum with distinct paired impressions
basally; procoxal cavities open behind
... (Fig. 199) .. [51] LANGURIIDAE
—Pronotum without paired impressions basally; pro-
coxal cavities closed behind
... (Fig. 200) .. [52] EROTYLIDAE
 I
LLUS
TRA
TIONS

f
lage
l
lum
ped
ice
l
s
cape
an
tenna
mand
ib
les
lab
rum
c
lypeu
s
HEAD
^ ^ - - ten
tor
ia
lpi
t
p
reta
rsu
s
gena
f
ron
toc
lypea
lsu
ture

p
rot
ib
ia

la
tera
l
ma
rgin PRONOTUM
p
rofemu
r

hume
rus

me
sofemu
r

su
ture
me
sot
ib
ia

d
isc —s
ideo f
me
sota
tsu
s d
isc ELYTRA

me
tafemu
r
me
tat
ib
ia

me
tata
rsu
s

(1
)
/c
la ws

F
ig.1Bod
ydi
vis
ion
sinCo
leopte
ra:do
rsa
lview
,basedonAdephaga
:Ca
rab
idae
[a
fterLawren
ce&B r
it
ton1994
].

-113
-
 mand
ib
les

ma
xi
lla
rypa
lp(pa
lpu
s)
ma
xi
lla lab
ia
lpa
lp(pa
lpu
s)
men
tum
ga
lea
HEAD submen
tum l
igu
la
gena p
rono
talep
ip
leu
ron

gu
larsu
ture p
leu
ron
p
leu
ros
terna
lsu
ture

p
roep
iste
rnum no
top
leu
ralsu
ture

p
rocoxa
lcav
ity p
ros
ternum

p
roep
ime
ron p
roco
xa

me
sep
iste
rnum t
rochan
ter
THORAX me
sep
ime
ron p
ros
terna
lpro
ces
s

me
socoxa
lcav
ity e
ly
tra
lep
ip
leu
ron

me
sos
ternum me
soco
xa

me
tep
iste
rnum me
tas
ternum
me
tep
ime
ron f
irs
tvisib
leste
rni
te
(
ventńte1
)
me
taco
xa
me
taco
xalca
vi
ty

ABDOMEN
v
ent
ri
tes

(2
)
t
ran
sve
rse me
tas
terna
lsu
ture

F
ig.2Bod
ydi
vis
ion
sinCo
leopte
ra:vent
ralv
iew,basedonAdephaga
:Ca
rab
idae
[af
terLawrence&B r
it
ton1994]
.

—114—
 no
tos
terna
lsu
ture
p
ros
ternum
p
ros
terna
lpro
ces
s
hypome
ron
p
ro coxa
lcav
ity
(open)
me
sos
ternum
me
sep
iste
rnum
me
sep
ime
ron
me
so coxa
lcav
ity
(
closed)
e
lyt
ralep
ipleu
ron
me
tep
iste
rnum
me
taste
rna
l — ep
ipleu
ralca
rina
su
ture
me
tas
ternum
me
tacoxa
lcav
ity
me
tep
ime
ron

ven
tr
ite1

(3
)

F
ig. 3Bodyd
ivi
sion
sinCo
leopte
ta:vent
ralv
iew,basedonPo
lyphaga
:Cryp
tophag
idae
[af
terLawren
ce&B r
it
ton1994
].

-115
-
 J•ή•
(4
)

ga
iea max
il
larypa
lp

lac
inia \ \\
pa
lpi
fer

subga
lea

s
t
i
pe
s

ca
rdo

(5
)

F
ig.4 ,5Head ,vent
ral
,show ing mouthpar
ts,andde tai
lof max
il
la,ven
tral (Creoph
ilusocu
latu,S
s taphy
l
inidae
).
Flg
.6 ,7Snout
likeheadofCu rcu
lion
idae:(6)dorsa
lview(a, mand
ible
;b,epis
tome ;c,snouto
rro s
trum
;d,scape;e,funic
le;
f,club;g
,frons;h,vet
tex;i,occipu
t;
],epic
ranium)
;(7 )ven
tralv
iew(a, mand
ible;b, mou
thpar
ts;c,gu
larsu
ture;d,antennal
scrobe;e
,gena ;f
,occipi
talforamen;g,occip
ita
larea )
.

-
11
166
1W
--
 (8
)

(10
)

(12
)

4
9
(13
) (14
) (15
) (16
)

Fig.8 -12Schema ticlateralviewso fhead/protho rax :(8)p rognathous —A rchaeog lenescos t

ipennis (Tenebr
ionidae)(a,
anter
iorpa r
to fpronotum ;b ,antenna lgrooves;c,hypome ron );(9)hypognathou s —C iszee
land icus(Ci
idae)(a,pronotum ;
b,comp le
tep ronotalcar
ina ;c,hypome ron;d,pro coxa ;e,p rosternum);(10)hypogna thou s— P t
inusspec iosus(Anob i
idae)
(a,p rothorax,b,incomp letep rono ta
lca r
ina) ;(11 )heado fA r
tystonae r
ich soni(Tenebrionidae),showingcan thus(a,
pronotum ;b,comp letep ronotalcarina;c ,hypome ron ;d,p rocoxa;e,prosternum ;f,canthus);(12)heado f Veronatu ssp.
(Scir
tidae),show ingcha racter
isti
ckee longena la rea.
Fig.13 -16Max il
larypalp s:(13-15)apexob l
iquelyt runcateo rsecur
iform — S cymnu s,Rodalia,Co c
cine
lla(Coccinel
lidae)
;
(16)apexe longate,withpeg l
ikeex tension—Phy sob ryax
i sinf
lata (Staphyl
in idae :Pselaph
inae).

—
117—
 (19
)
(17
) (18
) (21
)

(22
)

(28
)
(27
)
(25
) (26
)
(23
) (24
)

(30
) (31
) (32
) (33
)

Fig.1 7-33Typeso fantennae(pubescenceno tshown ):(17,18)fi

li
form —17 ,Cantha r
idae;18 ,Staphylin
idae :Habro-
cer
inae ;(19) mon
ili
form,Rhysodidae;(20,21)ser
rate
-20 ,Pti
lodac
tyl
idae;21,Lycidae
;(22 )pectinate
,Che lonari
idae;(23-
29)clavate-23
,ab ruptc
lubofNi
tidulidae;24,g
radua
lclubw ithreducedsegmen t8ofLeiodidae;25, moree venlydeveloped
c
lubo fLe lod
idae;26,27,segmen tprecedingc
lubacupu le(c)
,H yd
roph i
l
idae;(28
)geniculate,Curcul
ionidae;(29)e x
tended
,
Dryopidae;(30,31)lamel
late —30 ,Lu can
idae
;31,Trogidae;(32,33)flabe
l
late —32,Bo stri
chidae;33,Rh ip
iphoridae.

-118
-
 ANTER
lOR p
rono
talep
ipr
euron p
rono
tald
isc

no
top
leu
ralsu
tur
e
p
ieu
ros
terna
lsu
tur
e

p
rop
leu
ron
no
top
leu
ralsu
tur
e
ANTER
IOR

procoxa
l
procoxa
lcavIty
cavi
ty
(openpost
erior
ly)

p
leu
ros
terna
lsu
tur
e

p
rono
talep
ipl
euron

(34
) (35
)

ANTER
lOR
no
tos
terna
l su
tur
e

.
:hypome
ron

procoxal no
tos
terna
lsu
tur
e
cavity

p
rocoxa
lcavI
ty
(c
los
edpost
erio
rly
)
(36
) (37
)

(38
)
(39
)

Fig
.34-37 D iv
isionofpro
thoraxinthesubo rde
rsofCo leopte
ra ,ventra
landla tera
l:(34
,35)Adephaga(Mao r
ipamboru
s
fai
rburn
i,Ca
rabidae)
;(36
,37 )Polyphaga (Mimopeussub cos
tatus,Tenebrion
idae )
.
Fig.38,39Typeso fpro
coxalclosure:(38
)tenebr
ionid;(39)zophe rid/ulodid(a,p ro
ste
rnum ;b,pro
sterna
lproce
ss;c,
hypomeron;d,coxa;e,tro
chanter;f,femu
r;g,concealed memb ranousextension;h,aper
tu ;i
re ,memb
rane).

-119
-
 p
ros
ternum■
Ιp
rocoxa
lca
vit
y

p
roc
oxa
lca
vit
y

(40
)

OPENPROCOXAL CAV
ITIES (41
) CLOSEDPROCOXAL CAV
ITY

m
esep
ime
ron

m
eso
ste
rnum
me
socox
al
m
esep
ist
ernum ca
vit
y
m
esep
ime
ron
e
lytra
l
ep
ipleuron
m
eso
ste
rnum e
lyt
ral
ep
ipleu
ron
m
eso
cox
al
c
avi
ty m
eta
ste
rnum
m
etep
ist
ernum

m
eta
ste
rnum

L m
etep
ist
ernum

(42
) OPEN MESOCOXAL CAV
iTY (43
) CLOSED MESOCOXAL CAV
ITY

me
socoxa
l
cav
ity
m
esep
ist
ernum

m
esep
ist
ernum
m
esep
ime
ron
m
eso
ste
rnum
me
socox
al m
eso
ste
rnum m
esep
ime
ron
ca
vit
y

m
etep
ist
ernum

m
etep
ist
ernum

m
eta
ste
rnum m
eta
ste
rnum

L
1

OPEN MESOCOXAL CAV
ITY
(44
) (45)CLOSED MESOCOXAL CAVITY

Fig.40-45T ypesof coxa

lclosure
:(40
)procoxaecomp le
tel
yopenbeh ind
, Nasc
ioidesenys i(Buprest
idae) )p
;(41 rocoxa
l
cavi
tyclosed, Ryg modusincer tus(Hydroph
i
lidae
);(42 ) mesocoxalcavityopenla teral
ly, Typhaeas tercorea
(Mycetophag
idae);(43) mesocoxa
lcavi
tyclosedlate
ral
ly,Enarsusbakeweli(Co
l lydi
idae);(44) mesocoxalcavi
tyopen
late
ral
ly
,Plaisussp
t .(Cucuj
idae)
;(45) mesocoxa
lca v
ityc
losedlate
ral
ly
,Cryptodacneb rouni(Ero
t y
l
idae).

—
120
-
 endo
frad
ialba
r
RA3+
4 rad
Ialc
elI
mp
-cu
acro
ssv
ein

ob
lon
gumc
ell
κ
ΑΡ
3+
4
a
ω
A m
edia
lfl
eck

(46
)
rad
iath
ing
e

rad
ialc
ell

ob
longumc
ell

(48
)
m
edia
lhing
e
m
edia
lba
r

RA1
+2
SCP
cA
S
S
cP

rad
iaIc
ell

Mp 1 +2
ΜΡ 3
a
AP3+4
ΜΡ 3b
AA3+4 CuA+AA
(47
) ΜΡ4

w
edg
ece
ll

F
ig -49H
.46 indw
ingvena
t
ion
inCo
leop
tera
:(46
)examp
lef
romAdephaga
;(47
)examp
lef
romPo
lyphaga
;(48
,49
)po
si
tion
o
fr ad
ia
lIoop(
radi
alc e
ll
)a n
dm edia
llo
op(ob
lon
gumc e
ll
)inth
eu n
fo
lde
da n
dfo
ldedw in
ginAdephag
a,af
terKuka
lov
á-Pe
c k
&Law rence(1993 ).Veins:A,anal;AA,analanter
ior
;AP ,ana
lposter
ior;Cu, cubi
tus;CuA,cubitusante
rior
;CuP,cubi
tus
poster
ior
;J,jugal ;M, media
; MA, med
iaanter
ior
; MP, med
iaposte
rio
r;R ,rad
ius
;RA ,radiu
san te
rio
r;RP,radiuspo
ste
rio
r;
r,radia
lcross-vein;Sc,sub cos
ta;ScA,subcostaanter
ior
;ScP,subcostaposter
ior
.

-121
-
 rad
ialsp
ring

A
rchos
tema
ta ap
ica
lhinge
RA1
.2

r
, ScP\ScP
RA3
r4
RΑ3

rad
ialsp
ring

f
lat
tened ScP ap
ica
lhinge

RA

ι4
Adephaga
ap
ica
lhinge
rad
ialsp
ring

(50 )

Hypo
the
tica
lAnces
tor

r3r4+RP
,+RP
2
Ρ? 1 RP3,
,
RP
,
A
rcho
stema
ta υ' \ RP2
e
ι
iιts
α P
Μ
,ο

Po
lyphaga Ά
.

med
ialh
inge
RP
,RP2 ά
,
4/
r l/
/ med
ialsp
ring
Adephaga Q -
ΠΡ3

U 2
επρ
,

RP

RP
,
RP2

RP
med
ialh
inge

(51
) Hypo
the
tica
lAnces
tor
med
ialsp
ring

Fig
.50 ,51E v
o
lu
t
i
ono
f
en
d
of
ra
d
i
a
ll
oo
p
(5
0
)a
n
dm
ed
i
a
l
lo
op
(
51
)
i
nC
ol
e
op
t
e
ra
.
Ve
i
ns
:
c
r
o
s
-
v
e
i
n
;
M
P
,
m
d
a
C
,p
o
s
t
r
r,rad
ialc ross-vein
; RA,radiusan ter
io ,ra
;RP
r d
i
u
s
p
o
t
e
r
;
—
m
1
a
n
d
2
,
i
o
-
e
l
c
r
s
v
n
;
S
P
,
u
b
o
t
a
poste
rior[Fig
.48 -51a f
terKukalová-Peck&Lawrence1993
].

-122
-
 (54
)

(55
)

(56
)

Fig.52 -56S truc

tu ralfeaturesofven tra
ltho raxandabdomen :(52)Syno rthusin sula
ris (B yr
rhidae)
,a fter Wat
t(1971)—
a
,an tennalg roove;b ,epipleuron;c,cruralo rfemo raldep ression;d
,p rosternalp rocess;e , mesosterna ldepressionfor
rece iv
ingp rosternalp rocess;f, mesosternum ;g, metasternum ;h, metacoxa;i,ven tr
ite1 ;(53)Epicho r
iuslongulus (B y
r-
rhidae )
,after Watt(1971 )—a , mesepis
ternum ;b , mesep
ime ron;c,epipleuron;d, me tep
isternum;e , metepimeron;(54)click
mechan ism'inE lateridae —a ,prosternalp rocess;b , mesosternalcavityreceivingp roste rna
lp rocess;(55 ) Pri
as
li
pha
ob scura(Ph loeosti
chidae) —a ,an tennalgroo ve;b,prosterna
lp rocess
;c , mesepisternum;d , mesepime ron;(56)Derme s
tes
macu la , De
tus rmes t
idae —a ,coxaw i
thex tendedfemo ralplate;b,t
rochan ter
;c ,femu r;d,femo ra
lexcava t
ion;e, meta-
s
te rnum ;f, metep
isternum ;g , me
tep imeron;h ,ven t
ri
te1 .Scalelines=1 mm .

-123—
 t
rochan
tin

t
rochan
ter
‚ -
f
emu
r

t
rochan
ter
(62
)

(63
)
t
rochan
ter

t
rochan
ter
y
c
oxa
lpo
ste
rio
rfa
ce

c
oxa
lex
cava
tion

(64
) (66
)

(59
)

(60
) (61
)

Fig.57 D iv
isionso fforeleg(C reophiluso cu
latus,Staphylinidae).Fig .58 -66Coxa /
femu ra rt
iculat
ionth rough ttochanter
:
(58)he terome roidtype ,ob liqueven tral,Phyma tophaealugub ri
s(C ler
idae )-a ,prosternalintercoxalprocess;b,coxa ;c,
trochante r
;d,femu r;(59 )he te rome roidtype,Pycnome russopho rae(Co lydi
idae)-a ,basa lpa rtoffemu r
;c ,coxa ;d,
trochante t
;(60 )oblique me sotrochan terofemoraljun c
tion,Eude riasquamosa(Bo s
tri
chidae )-a ,ba sa
lpa rtoffemu r,d,
trochante r
;(61 )tran sve rse me sot
ro chanterofemo raljun c
tion,Ptinusspec iosus(Anob i
idae :Ptininae)-a ,basalpa rtof
femu r
;c ,coxa ;d ,trochan te r;(62)femu rcon t
iguou swithcoxa ,no tsepa ratedbyt rochan ter
,Agathinustridens(Belidae:
Bel
inae);(63 )femu rsepa ratedf romcoxaby t rochanter
,Apionsp .(B rentidae);(64) metatrochanterIong,transver
selyjoined
tofemu r,Porrostomaru fipenne( Lycidae);(65) metatrochantersho r
t,obliquelyjoinedtofemu r
,As
il
i
s
f
um
i
da
(
C
a
n
t
h
r
i
d
e
)
;
(66) me tacoxaex cava ted ,w ithpo steriorfaceve r
tica
l,Na s
cioideseny s
i(Bup res
tidae)
.

—
124—
 (
68) (
69)
(
67)

(
76)
(
73) (
75)
(
72)

(
77)

(
78)
(
79)
F
ig . 67-81P ro tarsalconfigurat
ioninCh rysome loideaandCu rcu
lionoidea,5 -5-5 withredu ced4 thsegmen t(67 -79)and
4-4-4withreduced3 rdsegmen t(80 ,81):(67)A rnomu ssp.,Chrysome l
idae;(68 )A canthos ce
lidesob tectus,Ch rysomelidae
;
(69)Adoxiasp ., Chrysome l
idae —4 thand5 thsegmen tsoftenimpe rcept
iblyfu sed;(70) Ca ccomo lpussp., Ch rysomelidae
;
(71)Alemaspa tiosa ,Chry somel
idae ;(72 )Eua lemaspe cul
ife
ra,Ch rysome l
idae ;(73 )Allocharissp., Chrysome l
idae;(74 )
Prionop
lu sreticular
i s
,Ce ramby cidae;(75 ) Anago tusfa
irburni
,Cu rcul
ionidae;(76 ) Cacepha tusincertus
,An th r
ibidae
;(77)
Rhinorhyn chusru fulus, Nemony chidae;(78 ) Aga th
inust r
idens,Belidae;(79 )La s
iorhyn chu sbarbicorn
i s
,B rentidae
;(80)
Aral
ius wol
la s
ton i, Be
lidae;(81 )Neo cyba me trosideros
,B tent
idae.
Fig.82R igh t me tatarsus, Coc
cinellaleonina(Cu cujo
idea:Coccinel
lidae)
,show ingredu ced3 rdsegmen t( shaded ).

-
125
-
 (85
)

(83
)

(91
)

88)
( (89
) (90
)

F
ig.83
-87D
iagno
sti
cfea
ture
sofco
leop
teranleg
s:(83
)pro
tib
ia w
itht
ran
sve
rse
lyinden
tedou
terca
rina
, Ren
ton
idium
cost
iven t
ris(T rogossit
idae:Ren toni
inae);(84 )right metatarsusandt ibialspurs,Hylob
iapu lla (Meland ryidae)
;(85)ba sa
l
metata
rsalsegmen tandt ibialspur, Nothotelusu s
itatus(S crapt
iidae);(86 )serrate me
sota rsalclaw s,Ta
n
yc
hi
l
u
sso
p
ho
r
ae
(Tenebrionidae:Allecul
inae )-a,empod ium;(87 )toothedta rsalclaw,Allocinopsbrookesi(Rh ip
ipho r
idae).
Fig.88-92D iagnost
i cfeaturesofcoleopte
ranabdomen :(88,89 )1stventri
teb i
se c
tedby me ta coxae(Adephaga — Lance tes
lancelatus,Dytisc
idaeand Loxome rusneb rio
ide s
,Ca rabidae);(90 )1 stven tr
iteundividedby me tacoxae(Po lyphaga —
Plat
isussp .,Cu cuj
idae );(91 )in
tersegmen tal memb ranes(freeven tr
ite s
), Baeocerascu tellaris (Staphyl
inidae:Scaphidi
-
inae);(92)pa tt metathoraxandabdomen ,Co c
inell
idae(a ,femo rall
ine ;b,ven t
rite1;c,ep ipleuron;d ,epipleura
lcarina)
.

-126
-
 (93
) (94
)

(95
) (96
)

(97
)

(
98) (100
)

Fig.93 -96Diagnost
icfeaturesofcoleopteranelytra:(93)ely
tra
lsuturew i
thapos ter
io rgap, Neoce rcuse tus (Ca
lec vo
-
gnathidae)
;(94)ely
tra
lsu turecomplete,Lobe rusdep ressus(Languri
idae )
;(95)elyt
ralepipleuraindist
inc
t,Par
isopa
lpus
maclea i (Oedeme
ry r
idae )
;(96)ely
tra
lep ipleuradist
inct
,Techmessatelepho ro
ides(P yroch
roidae).
Fig.97 -100Mo rpho
logicaltypesofbee tlelarvae:(97)e ruc
ifo
rm , Eucolaspisbrunnea(Ch rysome l
idae
);(98)scarab
-
aei
fo rm,Coste
lytrazealandica (Scarabae idae
);(99 )apodous,Si
tonad iscoidea (Curcul
ionidae);(100)campodeiform
,
Arpediomimuskronei(S taphyl
in
idae)
.

Fig
.101-260Habi
tusstud
iesofrep
resen
tat
ive membe
rso
fthefam
i
lie
sofNewZea
landCo leop
tera(
ind
iv
idua
l
lycap
tioned
).
Sca
lel
ines1.0 mmunlessotherw
iseind
ica
ted. [Expandedcapt
ionscommenceonp.168.]

I
llus
tra
to :F
rs ig
.1-3
,101
-107
,110
-118
,120
-145
,148
,149
,151
,153
,155
,156
,158
,159
,161
-165
,168
,169
,171
-186
,
188-205
,207-214
,216-228
,230-260D.W.He
lmo re;Fig
.4-47,52-100J.Kl
imaszewsk
i;Fig.48
-51J.Kukalová
-Peck
;
F
lg.108,114
,119,138
,146,152,154
,157
,160
,166 ,170,187
,206,215,219A.C.Harr
ls
;F ig
.147S.Forg
ie;Flg
.150L.
A
lexander
;Flg
.167J.Lidd
iard
.Fig
.109af
terO
rdish(1976a)
;Fig.124,125
,132afte
rSteel(1964
,1966
,1950α )
.
-127
-
 E
E

(101
)Rhyzod
iastesprop
riu
s
Rhysodidae (103)Mao
ripambo
rusfai
rburn
i
Carab
idae:Carab
inae

(104)Loxomeru
snebrio
ides
Carabidae
:Migadop
inae

(102
) Neo
cic
indelatuber
cula
ta
dhie Carab idae:C ic
indel
inae

—
128—
 (105
)Cl
i
v
in
ab
a
sa
l
is
Carab
idae
:S car
i
tinae

(107
)Ctenognathu
snovaeze
land
iae
Carab
idae:Harpa
l
inae

(106)Zeci
llenusalac
r (108
is )Liode
ssu
spl
ica
tus

Ca
rabidae:Trech
inae D
yt
isc
idae
:Hyd
ropo
rinae
-129-
 (111
)Hore
lophu
s wa lkeri
H
ydroph
il
idae:Ho
relophinae
)Ku
(109 sche
lyd
rusph
rea
ticu
s
D
yti
scidae
:Hyd
ropo
rinae

(110
)Gyr
inu sconvexiu
sc
u
lus )Eno
(112 ch
rustr
itu
s
Gyr
inidae:Gyr
ininae Hyd
rophi
l
idae
:Hydroph
il
inae
-130
-
 —

(115
5)
)Tomogen
iuslatipe
s
His
teridae
:Sapr
ininae

(113
)Rygmodustib
ialis
Hyd
rophi
lidae
:Sphaer
idi
inae

(114) Re
ichard
tiapedatr
ix (116)Podaenalat
ipa
lpi
s

H
iste
ridae:Sapr
ininae Hydraen
idae: Hyd
raen
inae

—
131—
(117
)Meropa
thu
sze landicu
s
(119
)`Nec
roph
i
lus
'pro
longa
tus
Hyd
raen
idae:Och
thebiinae Agy
rtidae

)No
(118 topten
idium lawson
i (120
)Inoca
top
selonge
llu
s

P
ti
li
idae:Pt
il
i
inae Le
iod
idae
:Cam
iar
inae

-132
-
 (121)Colonh
irta
le
Le
iod :Co
idae lon
inae (123)M ic
ros
ilphalitorea
S
taphyl
inidae
:Micros
ilphinae

(122
)Adras
tiac
larke
i (124) Omal
iomimu
salb
ipenni
s
Scydmaen
idae
:Scydmaeninae Staphy
l
inidae
: Oma
li
inae
-133-

(125
)Si
lpho
telu
sni
tidu
s (127
)Pseudoph
loeocha
risaus
tra
lis

S
taphy
l
inidae
:Pro
tein
inae S
taphy
l
inidae
:Ph
loeocha
rinae

(126
)Sago
lalam
ina
ta (128
)Sepedoph
ilussp.

S
taphy
lin
idae
:Pse
laph
inae S
taphyl
inidae
:Tachypo
rinae

-134
-

(129
)Hab
roce
ruscap
il
lar
ico
rni
s (131)Baeoce
rascutel
lar
is

S
taphy
l
inidae
:Hab
roce
rinae S
taphy
lin
idae:Scaphid
iinae

(130
)Aleo
cha
rahammond
i (132
)Pa
ras
iagonumhudson
i

S
taphy
lin
idae
:Aleo
cha
rinae S
taphy
l
inidae
:Ple
stinae

-135-

(133)Nototor
chusfer
rugineus (135
)Agno s
thaetu
sv ic
inus

Staphyl
inidae
:O sor
iinae S
taphyl
inidae:Euaesthe
tinae

(134
)Ca rpe
limus sp. (136 is a
)Pseudops r
row !
S
taphyl
inidae: Oxy
tel
inae S
taphyl
inidae
:Pseudopslnae

-136
-

(137)Medonzee
land
icus (139
)Cera
tognathu
spa r
rianu
s

S
taphyl
inidae
:Paede
rinae Lucan
idae:Aesal
inae

(138) Caf
iuslito
reus (140)Pa
ral
isso
tesret
icu
latu
s,
S
taphyl
inidae
:S taphy
lin
inae ma
le,Lucan
idae:Lucan
inae

—
137—
s
s

(141)Geodo
rcusau
ricu
latu
s, (143
)Dendrob
laxear
li
i
male
,Lucanidae
:Lucan
inae Lucan
idae
:Lamp r
iminae

(142
)Geodorcu
sauri
cula
tus, (144
)Troxs
cabe
r
female,Lucan
idae
:Lucaninae T
rog
idae

-138
-
 )A
(145 c
ro
ss
id
iu
sta
sma
ni
ae
S
carabae
idae
:Aphod
i
inae )On
(147 thophagu
sgranu
latu
s
S
carabae
idae
:Sca
rabae
inae

(146)Phycochusg
ran
iceps (148
)Odont
riag i Wa
iven t
t
Scarabaeidae
:Aphod
i
inae Sca
rabae
idae: Me
lolon
thinae

-139-
 (149
)Co
ste
ly
trazea
land
ica
Sca
rabae
idae
: Me
lolon
thinae

(151)He
teronychusara
tor
Sca
rabae
idae:D yna
st
inae

(150)Prodont
rialew
isi (152
)Per
icop
tust
runcatus

Sca
rabae
idae: Me
lolon
thinae Sca
rabae
idae
:Dynas
tinae
—
140—
(153
)Amp
lectopuspa
ll
ico
rni
s
(155
)Eu
cine
tuss
tewa
rti
Sc
irt
idae
Eu
cine
t
idae

(154
)Ve
ronatust
rico
ste
llu
s (156
)Clambu
sdome
sti
cus
Sc
irt
idae C
lamb
idae
—
141—

(157
) Nasc
ioide
senys
i (159
)Pa rn
idaag re
sti
s

Bup
rest
idae D
ryopidae

(158)L
iocho
riahutton
i (160) Hydo
rapicea

By
rrh
idae:Byr
rhinae Elmidae:Lara
inae

-142
-
 (161
)Limni
chusn
igr
ipes
(163)Byr
rocryp
tusurquha
rt
i
L
imni
chidae
:Limn
ich
inae
P
ti
lodac
tyl
idae:Anchy
tars
inae

)He
(162 teroce
rusnovaese
landiae (164
)Brouniathorac
ica

He
terocer
idae
:Heteroce
rinae Chelonar
iidae

-143-
 E
E

(165)Neocha
rissimplex (167)Amychuscandezei
Eucnemidae: Me
las
inae Ela
teridae
: Den
tico
l
linae

(166)Thoramu
s wakef
ield
i (168
)Po
rrostomaruf
ipenne

Ela
ter :Agr
idae ypn
inae Lycidae

—
144—
 (169
)Asi
lisfu
lvi
thorax (171
)Saphophagu
sminu
tus

Can
thar
idae
:D ysmo
rphoce
rinae Ja
cob
son
i
idae

(170
)Nothoderodon
tusgou
rlay
i (172
)Nosodend
ronzealand
icum

De
rodont
idae:Lar
icob
i
inae Nosodend
ridae

—
145—

(173)T
rogoderma mae
stum (175)D
inoderusminutus

Dermes
tidae
: Mega
tominae Bo
str
ich
idae:Dinode
rinae

^φ § ^
ί^πλ1
9
^
a
.
ι ^ ., s>9 ι
,

(174)Euder
iasquamo sa (176)Lyc
tusbrunneu
s
Bost
rich
idae
:L y
ct
inae

Bost
rich
idae:Eude
rinae
— 146
—
 (179
)Ren
ton
idiumco
stiven
tri
s
T
rogo
ssi
tidae
:Ren
ton
i
inae
(177
)Hadrob
regmus magnu
s
Anob
i
idae:Anob
i
inae

)P
(178 tinusspeciosus (180
)Grynomaregu
lar
is
Anobi
idae:Pt
ininae T
rogoss
it :Lopho
idae ca
ter
inae

—
147—

(181)Lepidopteryxnig
rospar
sa (183)Me
tax
inaorna
ta

Trogoss
itidae:Trogos
sit
inae C
ler
idae:Thane
roc
ler
inae

(182
)Chaeto
somas ca
rit
ide
s (184
)Phymatophaeavio
lacea

Chae
tosoma
tidae C
ler
idae
:Enopli
inae

-148
-
 (187)Pla
tip
idiaaspere
lla
Ni
tidu
l
idae:Nit
idu
linae
)Phy
(185 cosec
isl
imba
ta
Phycosec
idae

(186)`Dasy
tes'sub
cyaneu
s (188
)Lenax mirandus

Me
lyr
idae: Da
syt
inae Monotom
idae: Monotominae

-149-

(189)Monotomaspini
col
lis (191
)P r
ias
ilphaobscu
ra

Monotomidae: Mono
tominae Ph
loeost
ich
idae:Pria
si
lph
inae

(190
)Agapythofove
ico
ll
is )B
(192 rontop
ris
cu spleu
ral
is

Ph
loeo
sti
chidae
:Agapyth
inae S
i
lvanidae
:B ront
inae

-150
-

(193
)Oryzaeph
i
lussur
inam
ens
is )M
(195 i
crob
rontesl
inea
tus
S
ilvan
idae
:Si
lvan
inae Laemophloe
idae

(196)Cyc
laxy
raimpressa
(194)P
lat
isussp
.
Cucu
jidae Pha
lacr
idae:Cyc
laxy
rinae

—
151—

(197
)Zeonid
icolachathamens
is (199)Hapal
ipsp
rol
ixus

Cavognath
idae Langu
riidae
:Xenosce
linae

)Tho
(198 rtusova
li
s (200)Tha
ll
is po
li
ta

Cry
ptophag
idae
:C ryp
tophaginae E
rotyl
idae: Da
cninae

—
152—

(201)Anomma tu
sduode
cimst
ria
tus (203
)Hypodacne
llarubr
iceps

Both
ride
ridae
:Anommat
inae Ce
rylon
idae:Euxes
tinae

(202
)Ascetoderesobso
letus (204
)Mycetaeasubte
rranea

Both
ride
ridae
:Bo th
ride
rinae Endomy
chidae: My
cetaeinae

-153-
 (207
)An
isomeri
stessharp
i
Cory
loph
idae
: Ser
icode
rinae
)Ho
(205 lopa
rame cu
stenu
is
Endomych
idae: Ho
lopa
ramec
inae

)Co
(206 cc
inellaleon
ina (208)Enicmuscaviceps

Cocc
inel
lidae: Coccine
ll
inae Cort
icar
iidae
: La
thr
ldi
inae

-154
-
 (209)T
riphy
llu
sh i
spide
llu
s (211
)Ciszee
land
icus
My
cetophag
idae: Mycetophag
inae C
iidae
:Ci
inae

(210
)Archeocry
pt
icu
stopa
li )Hy
(212 lob
ianubecu
losa

A
rcheo
cryp
tic
idae Me
landry : Me
idae landr
yinae

-155-
 (215)Pr
istoderusan
tarc
t
icus
(213)Morde
l
laanta
rct
ica Co
lyd
iidae: Co
lyd
i
inae
Mordel
l
idae: Mo
rde
l
linae

)Rh
(214 ipis
tena
lugub
ris ) Rh
(216 izon
iumant
iquum

Rh
ip
ipho
ridae
:Pe
leco
tom
inae Co
lyd
iidae:Co
lyd
i
inae

-156
-

(217
)Sy
rphe
tode
s ma
rgina
tus (219
)Chae
rodest
rachysce
lides
U
lod
idae Teneb
rion
idae
:Lag
ri
inae

)Cha
(218 lcod
ryava
riega
ta (220)Act
ize
taalbata

Cha
lcod
ryidae Teneb
rionidae
:Pimel
i
inae

—157 —
 (221)Mimopeuselongatus

Teneb
rionidae
:Tenebrion
inae )The
(223 lyphassal
ineata
Oedemer
idae: Oedemer
inae

(222
)Dryoco
rahowi
tt
i (224)Te
chme ssaconcolo
r

P
rostom
idae Pyro
chroidae
:Pil
ipa
lpinae

-158
-
 (227
)Diag
rypnode
s wake
fie
ldi

(225
)Exoca
lopu
spe
ctina
tus Sa
lping
idae
:Inopep
l
inae
Py
roch
roidae
:Pi
l
ipa
lpinae

(226
)Sa
lpingu
sbi
luna
tus (228
)An
thi
cushe
spe
ri

Sa
lping
idae
:Sa
lping
inae An
thi
cidae
:An
thi
cinae

—
159—
 (229)Lag
rio
idab rouni
Anth
ic
idae:Lagr
ioidinae
(231)Ma
cra
triaexi
lis
An
thic
idae
: Macra
tr
iinae

(230)Co
tescr
ispi (232
)`Xy
loph
ilu
s'n
it
idu
s
An
thic
idae:Lemodinae Ader
idae

—
160—
 )Zo
(235 rionsp
.
Ce
ramb
ycidae
:Ce
ramb
ycinae

(233
)No
tho
telu
sus
ita
tus
S
crap
t
iidae

(234
)Pr
ionop
lusre
ticu
lar
is )Oemonah
(236 irta

Ce
rambyc
idae
:Pr
ion
inae Ce
rambyc
idae
:Ce
rambyc
inae
—
161—
 )Chr
(239 y
sol
inahype
ric
i
Ch
rysomel
idae
:Ch ry
somel
inae

(237)Xy
loto
lescos
tipenn
is
Cerambyc
idae:Lami
inae

)B
(238 ru
chid
iusv
il
losu
s )Aga
(240 s
icleshyg
roph
ila

Ch
rysome
l
idae
:Bru
chinae Ch
rysomel
idae
: Gale
ruc
inae(Al
tic
ini
)

-162
-
 (241
)Adoxiavulgar
is
Ch
ry some
lidae: Ga
leru
cinae
(Gale
ruc
ini)
(243)Eucolasp
isb
runnea
Chrysome
lidae:Eumolp
inae

(242)A
rnomusbroun (244
)Rhino
rhyn
chusru
fulus

Ch
rysomel
idae:C
typ
tocepha
linae Nemonych
idae:Rh
ino
rhynchinae

-163-

) Sha
(245 rp
iusvenustu
s (247
)Cyrotyphu
striden
s

Anth
rib
idae:An
thr
ibinae Bel
idae:Bel
inae

(246)Dysnoc
ryp
tuspal
lidu
s (248)A
ral
ius wo
lla
ston
i

Anthr
ibidae
:Chorag
inae Bel
idae:Agly
cyder
inae

—
164—
 )Neo
(250 cyba me
tro
side
ros
B
ren
tidae
:Ap
ion
inae

)La
(249 sio
rhyn
chu
sba
rbi
corn
is
B
ren
tidae
:Bren
tinae

)Manda
(252 lotu
smi
rico
ll
is (251
)Anago
tustu
rbo
tt
i

Cu
rcu
l
lon
idae
:Bra
chy
cer
inae Cu
rcu
l
ion
idae
:Bra
chy
cer
inae
—
165—
 (253)Andraca
llesspurcus
Curcu
l
ionidae:Cu rcu
l
ioninae
(255)S
tephano
rhyn
chuslawson
i
Cu
rcu
lion
idae
:Curcu
l
ioninae

E
E

(254)Myr
tonymu
szeland
icus (256)Macroscy
talu
sremo tus

Curcul
ion
idae
:Curcu
lion
inae Cu
rculionidae
:Co sson
inae

-166
-
 (259)Phloeos
inuscupress
i
(257)Xenocnemaspin
ipes Curcu
l
ionidae
:Scoly
tinae
Curcu
lion
idae:Cos
soninae

(258)Hylas
tesater (260)Pla
typu
sap ica
lis
Cu
rcu
lionidae
:Scolyt
inae Cu
rcul
ionidae:P
latypod
inae

-167-
 EXAMPLES OF SPEC
IES
[1]Rhysod
idae labrum;hindwingsabsen t
.Foundunde rfal
lenbranches
F .101Rhy
ig zod
ias
tesp
rop
rius (B
roun
) andatthebaseofplan
ts,feedingono the
rg round
-dwel
ling
Ablack
,g lossy
,subpara
l
lel
-sidedbeet
le6 -7 mmlong, ar
thropods
.Incoasta
lareasf romPo r
t Waikatonor
th,and
l
iv
ingunde rbarko
rinwoodofpart
lydecayedlogs
.Known especia
l
lycommonono ffshoreis
lands.
f
romNo rthland
,Auck
land
, Waika
to,and Grea
tBarr
ierl
.
[3] Dy
tisc
idae: Hyd
roporinae
[2]Carab
idae:Cic
indel
inae F .108L
ig iodessusp l
ica
tusSharp
F . 102 Neoc
ig icinde
latubercu
lata(Fab
ric
ius
) Anelongate-oval,slightlydepressed,blackbeetle2.5-2.7
Aconsp icuous lytwo -
tonedtigerbee tle10 -12 mmlong , mmlong .Ely
t rastronglypunc ta
te,Iackingstr
iae;protarsi
mostlyda rk wi
th me ta
ll
icg reenref
lec t
ionsandi rregular and meso tarsiexpandedin ma le,and me ta
tarsiwitha
lateralc ream -co
loureda reasone l
ytra.An tennaeand legs fr
ingeo fsw imm ingha i
rs.P r
ima ri
lyaponddwe ller,
longands lender;eyesIa rgeandp rom inent;elyt
ra w i
th inhabi
tingalp ineta rnsat1700 maswe l
laslow landand
s
triae,close lypunc tate
,andw i
tharowo fabou t4foveae tempo raryponds ,andeven wa rmpoo lsinthethe rma l
nearsu tu re; mandib
lesIargeandsha rp -poin
ted.Abundan t regionofRo torua,andfoundi nqu
ietreacheso fst
reams .
ind ry,openhab itat
ssu cha sclayban ks,whe rei
tp re yson Adu
ltshavebeenobse tvedinfl
ight
.Reco rdedfromNo rth
o
t
h
e
r
i
ns
e
c
t
s
.
M
o
v
es
v
e
r
ys
w
i
f
t
l
y
,
a
n
dt
a
k
e
s
to
f
l
i
g
h
t
r
a
p
i
dl
y
. CapetoS tewa r
tI.
Larvaeliveinbu rrowsinexposedwa rma reas
. Occu rson
both main is
lands. [3]Dy
tisc
idae
: Hyd
ropor
inae
F .109Kusche
lg lydrusphrea
ticus O
rdish
[2]Ca
rab
idae:Ca
rab
inae Asma ll
,sub ter
raneand iv
ingbee t
le1 .5-1
.6 mmlong ,
F .103Mao
ig r
ipambo
rusfai
rbu
rniB
rookes narrow
lyelongate,subparal
lel-s
ided,brown.H indlegsand
A
Iarg
e,b
lac
kgro
undbe
et
le2
0-2
4mm lon
g,w
iths
li
gh
tly body,pa r
ticu
larlylate
rally
,w ithlong,e rec
t,finesetae;
i
ridescentuppe rbodys ides. Headd is
tinc
tlyelongate, pronotum withsidesa rcuate. Col
lectedfrom we l
lsand
p
roject
inginfron
to fpro
trudinghem ispher
icaleyes; man- boresintheno rthernpa r
to ftheSou thI.[Red rawnafter
d
iblesst
rong,broad.Apredatorofsnails
.Re corded ma
inl
y O
rdi
sh1976a
]
f
rom Wa ipouaForest
,No r
thland.
[4]Gy
rin
idae
[2]Ca
rab
idae
:Migadop
inae F
ig.110Gyrinusconvex
iuscu
lus Mac
leay
F
ig.104Loxome
rusnebrio
idesGué
rin Ablack,glossy,boat-shapedwhirl
igigbeetle4 .3
-4.5 mm
A medium-s
izedgroundbee t
le15 -17 mmlong
,redd
ish long.Antennaesho rt
,withsegmentsco -adapted;hindlegs
darkbrowno rblack w
ithreddish-brownappendages
. paddle-shaped ,withaf r
ingeo flongsw imm ingha irs.
Prono
tumna r
rowedposter
ior
ly
;e l
ytraova
l.Reco
rdedf
rom Occursonthesu r
faceo fponds,row ingrapidlyove rthe
theAucklandIs
. wa
te
ran
dpr
ey
ingo
noth
er
in
se
ct
s.T
hed
iv
id
ede
ye
(arrowed)enab lesittosees imultaneous lyaboveand
[2]Ca
rab
idae:Scar
itinae belowthesu r
face. Mostrecent
lycollectedontheAh ipara
F .105C
ig l
ivinabasa
lis Chaudo
ir Pla
teau,No r
thland.
A modera
telysma l
l,peduncu la
tegroundbeet
le6-8 mm
Iong,dar
kb rowntoa lmostblac
kw i
thredd
ishappendages [5] Hyd
rophi
lidae
: Ho
relophinae
andbasa lhalfofelytra. Achatac
ter
ist
icnarrow waist F
ig.111Ho re
lophus walke
riO rchymon
t
be
tweentho raxandel y
tra
.Rangingfromcent
ralNor
thI.to Aweak lyconvex ,elongatebee t
le2.0-3.0 mmlong .Body
Sp
ir
itsBayintheno rth. ou
tlineinterruptedbe tweenp ronotumande lyt
ra;pronotal
s
ide ssinuate;an tennaeve rylong
,w i
tha loo se
lyformed3 -
[2]Ca
rab
idae:Trech
inae segmen tedc lub.Desc ribedfrom2spec imensco llectedat
F .106Zec
lg il
lenusalacr
is(B
roun
) Reefton,and w i
thsubsequen trecordsfrom Caw thron
Asma l
lgroundbeet
le4.0-5
.5 mmlong ,brownwithpaler
, Park,Ne lson,thisuniquespec iesrepresen tsanendem ic
ye
llowish
-brownappendagesandlatera
lely
tra
.E ye
slarge; NewZea landsub fami
ly.Spec imenscollectedonrocksin
poster
iorp rono
tums tronglynarrowed ;elyt
ra wi
th2 thesp rayzoneo f waterfal
lssugges tthatit maybe
poste
rola
tera
lpro
jec
tions
.Colle
ctedfromunderlogsonthe sem iaquat
ic.
beachandf romsandnea ras t
reama t Ka
rekareand
What
ipu,nearAuck
land. [5] Hyd
roph
il
idae: Hydroph
il
inae
F
ig.112Enoch rust
ritus (B
roun)
[2]Ca
rab
idae: Ha
rpalinae Anelonga te-o
val
,yel
low
ish-b
rownbeet
le4.4
-4.5 mm long
.
F .107C
lg tenognathusnovaeze
land
iae Fa
irma
ire Maxi
llarypalpslonge
rthanantennae
;ely
trapunctate,no
t
Averyagi
le,elongate
,glossyblackgroundbeet
le11-12 st
riate.Anadven t
iveAust
ral
ianspec
iesoccurr
inginNew
mmlong.Antennaeandlegsthin;ely
traregu
lar
lyst
ria
te, Zealandinsma l
lponds
;commoninca tt
letroughsinthe
fused
;2p rominenttac
ti
lesetaeaboveeyeandarowon K
e
rm
a
de
c
Is
.
Ad
u
l
ts
a
n
dl
a
rv
a
e
fe
e
d
on
al
g
a
e
.

-168
-
[5]Hyd
roph
il
idae
:Sphaerid
iinae [9]Agy
rtidae
F .113Rygmodust
ig ibia
lis Broun F .119`Nec
ig roph
ilus
'pro
longa
tus
Astronglyconvex,ova lbeet
le6 .5-8
.0 mmlong , meta
ll
ic A modera
telyIarge,broadlyova
l,dep res
sedbeetle9.0
-10
black withlegs, maxil
larypa lps,andbasa lan tenna l mmlong ,darkb rown w i
thsideso fpronotumande ly
tra
segmen tspalerandoftenwithareddishtinge
; moderately yel
lowishbrown ,exp lanate.Protars
iand meso ta
rsiex
-
todense lypunctate. Antennaelong ,w i
thaloose3 - pandedin male;el
ytrastr
iate
;antennaew i
thanindis
t
inct5
-
segmen tedclub
.O r
ig
inallydescr
ibedfrom MtArthu
r,north- segmentedc lub.Reco rdedf
romtheNo r
thI.
westNelson;wehaveseenspec imensofpresumablythis
speciesfromL .Roto
rua,Salisbury
,and M tRobert
. [10
]Leiod
idae
:Cam iar
inae
F
ig.120Inocatopse
longelusB
l roun
H
[
i6
s]
ter
idae
: Sapr
ininae Asma llcarr
ionbee tle2.5-2
.9 mmlong ,reddish wi
th
F
ig.114Re
icha
rdt
iapedat
rix(Sha
rp) whi
t
i shpubescen
ce.P rono
tumnarrowedposte
rio
rly
,witha
Arobust
,oblong,stronglyconvex,glossyb lackpi
l
lbeetle trans-versebasa limp ress
ion
;e ly
traovalinou t
line;
4
.8-5.0 mmlong.Elytraabb rev
iated
,expos inglas
t3seg - antennae witha4 -segmen tedclub,i
ts2ndsegmen t
ment
sofabdomen ;leg sstout
,withnume rou ssp
ines;f
ront narrowerthantheo thers
.Foundinleafl
it
ter
. Recorded
legswel
ladap tedtobu rrow
ing.O ccur
sonsand ybeaches, fromtheNe l
sona rea.
of
tenunde rdeadf isho rbirds
,occas ionallyundersea-
weed.RecordedfromNo rth
landtoS tewartI. [10]Le
iod
idae:Coloninae
F .121Co
ig lonhi
rtale (B
roun
)
[6]His
ter
idae
:Sap
rin
inae Anoblong, moderate
lycon vexsma l
lcarr
ionbee t
le2.3-2
.5
F .115Tomogen
ig iusla
tipes (B
roun
) mmlong ,pubescen t
,du llda
rkb rown,withlegsandan t-
Anova l
,convex ,glossyblackpil
lbee t
le4.5-4 .7 mmlong. ennaered;an tennalclubda rker,4-segmen ted.Termina
l
Antennaes tout
,bearingacompa ctclub;e
lytraabb rev
iated segmentof ma x
il
larypalpssma llandsharplypointed
;head
apical
ly,leavingpygidiumexposed ;fore
legsf la
ttenedfor w
ithad ist
inctneck .W idelyd istr
ibuted
,andf requent
ly
d
igging,w i
thapp rox
ima te
ly6teetha longou teredge,and caughtinf
ligh
t in
terceptiont
raps .
otherlegsbea r
ings tou
tb r
ist
les.At Omahu tafoundina
short
-ta
iledba troos
t inahollowfal
lenkau r
itree,on Great [11]Scydmaen
idae:Scydmaen
inae
B
a
r
ie
r
I
s
l
an
d
f
o
u
nd
i
n
k
i
n
g
f
is
h
e
r
n
e
st
s
.
A
d
u
l
ts
a
n
d
l
a
r
va
e F
lg.122Adrast
iacla
rkei(F
ranz
)
probab lyfeedonf lyla rvaeinguano . Reco rdedfrom Ane
long
ate
-o
va
lb e
et
le3
.3-
3.
5mmlon
g,
r e
dd
is
hbr
o w
n,
Omahu taS tateForesttoCod f
ishI.nearStewa r
tI. g
lossy ,spa rselypubescen t.Antennae10 -segmented;
apexo fely
trano tful
lycoveringabdomen ;
lastsegmen to
f
[7]Hyd
raen
idae
: Hydraen
inae max
illarypalpsma ll
;headw i
thane ck
,anda ma rkedcon-
F .116Podaenala
ig t
ipalp
isOrdish s
tri
ctionbetweenp ro
thoraxandabdomenfo rmingadis
tinc
t
Asmallcascadebee t
le1 .9 mmlong,reddishb rownw ith waist'
. Occu rsinlea fl
it
ter
. Reco rded most
lyfromthe
pa
lerclypealborderandhume ra
la reao fe
lytra
. Max i
l
lary SouthI.(or
iginal
lyfoundintheRou teburnVal
ley)andfrom
pa
lpslong,reachingbeneatheyes
;e l
ytrawith7th in
ters
tr
ia t
hec
en
t
ra
lNo
r
th
Is
l
an
d(D
es
er
tRo
ad
)
.
bear
ingalowca r
ina
.Adu ltshavebeenco l
lec tedfrom
Oc
tobertoJunef romstreamsintheNo r
thI
. [12]S
taphy
lin
idae:Mic
ros
ilphinae
F
lg.123M
icros
ilphal
ito
rea Broun
[7]Hyd
raen
idae: Och
theb inae Asma l
lbeet
le2.2-2
.9 mmlong ,darkbtownw ithreddish
F .117Me
lg ropa
thusze landicus O
rdish tars
iandbasosutura
lpartofelyt
ra.Sparselypubescen t
;
Aun i
formlydarkb rowncascadebee tle2.5 mmlong ,wi
th ely
tracove
ring mostofabdomen ;prot
ibaes trong,f
lat-
paler
,dense ,st
rong lyrecumbentsetaeonp rono
tumand tened,bear
ingteethandsp ines;antennae withclub4 -
e
ly t
ra. Headandtho rax w
ithgranulose microsculp
ture; segmented
.Knownon lyf
romthebea chatPo r
tCha lme rs
,
e
l y
traglabrousbetween m i
croscu
lptureandse tae
.O ccur
s Dunedin
,al
though mos
to the
rspeciesinhabi
tfo res
tsand
inlit
ter,andistyp ica
llycove
red withdebrisamongs tthe havebeencaught ma
inly
infl
ightinte
rcept
iontraps.
setae.Re co
rdedfromtheCha thamI s
,Duned indis
tr
ict
,and
StewartI. [12]S
taphy
lin
idae
: Oma
iinae
F .124Oma
ig l
iomimusa
lbipenn
is (K
iesenwe
tte
r)
[8]Pt
il
iidae
:Pt
ili
inae A medium-s
izedrovebee t
le3.5 mmlong , mode rate
ly
F .118No
ig top
tenid
iumlawson
i Ma
tthew
s convexandg lossy,w i
thheadb lack
,p ronotumredd ish-
Anelongate-oval
,convexfeather
-wingedbeet
le1.0-1 .1 browntob
lack,ely
traen t
ire
lyyel
loworblack
,andan tennae
mmlong,blackw i
thyellowlegsandantennae
.P ro
tho rax w
ithsegmen ts1-5ye l
lowishbrown,rema inderda rker
.
w
ithsidesst
ronglycurved;p
ronotumir
regu
lar
lypunctured; Occur
sunderde cayingseaweed sonthesho re
.Re corded
Occu
r sunderdeca y
ingseaweedsontheshore
.Re corded fromtheAucklandIs ,Campbe l
lI.
,and(extral
imi
tal) Mac-
fromtheAuck landIs,CampbellI
.,and(ex
tra
lim
ita
l) Mac - quar
iel.[Redrawna fterStee
l1964.]
quar
ieI.

-169
-
[12]S
taphy
lin
idae:P
rotein
inae [12]S
taphy
lin
idae:Scaph
idl
inae
F .125S
ig i
lphote
lusnit
idusBroun F .131Baeoce
ig rascu
tel
lar
is (Red
tenbache
r)
Asmallbee t
le1.3-1.6 mmlong withbodypaletodark Astronglyconvex ,high
lyglossybee t
le2 .4
-2.5 mmlong,
redd
ish-brown,andsome t
imesw i
thyel
lowishhumer
iand w
ithe ly
tralong,trunca
teapica
lly,expos
ingsma l
l
,palered
pos
ter
iorelyt
ralangles
.Headw ithapuncti
formfoveaon pygidium;an tennaeandlegsa lsopalered .Foundunde r
e
ithe
rside;elyt
racoveringnear
lyallofabdomen.Found looseba rkofdeadt runk
sandb ranches,understones
,o r
in
amongstlea
f mould
.Reco rdedf
romtheSou thI
.[Redrawn moistleafl
it
ter.Somescaph idi
inelarvaea reassociated
a
fte
rStee
l1966
.] w
ithfungi
.Re cordedf
romthePoorKnight
sIslandsto
Southland.
[12
]Staphy
linidae
:Pselaphinae
F
ig.126Sagolalamina
taB roun [12
]Staphy
lin
idae
:Pies
tinae
Ane longate
,slende r
,somewha tdep ressedbeetle2.2-2.3 F
ig.132Paras
iagonumhudsoni(Came
ron
)
mm long,glossyred,w i
thely
tra
,an tennae ,palp
s,legs,and Asubparal
lel
,fla
ttenedbeet
le6 .0-8
.0 mm long,dar kbrown
pubescenceye llowish.Adis
tinct'waist'betweenprothorax w
ithreddishlegs.Headtransverse,wi
than tennaeapp rox-
ande ly
tra
;e l
ytraleaving5segmen t sofabdomene xposed, imatelyaslongasbody ;p ronotum withan ter
io rangles
w
ithou tst
riaebu twithcharacter
isticpos tbasa
lfoveae .A pro
ject
ing ;ely
tragrooved.Foundunde rbarko fka raka
d
ist
in ct
ivelaminaontheunde rs
ideo fthehead ,jus
tbeh ind (Corynocarpuslaeviga
tus),andp robablysap rophagous.
the men tum . Occursinleafli
tter
,espec ia
llyofsedges . Recordedfromthe We l
l
ingtona rea. [Redrawna fterStee
l
Fai
rlycommon intheAucklanda rea. 1950a
.]

[12]S
taphy
lin
ldae
:Phloeocha
rinae [12]S
taphy
linidae: Oso
riinae
F .127Pseudoph
ig loeochar
isaustra
lis(Fauve
l) F .133No
ig totorchusferrugineus (B
roun
)
Asmallbeet
le1.8-2
.0 mm long,yel
lowi
shbrownwithhead Anelongate,paral
lel-s
ided,reddish-b
rownbee t
le3 .4
-3.5
brown,oren t
irelybrown . Abdomenbea ring meshed mmlong.Abdomency l
indr
ical
,withtergi
tesands te
rni
tes
m
icroscu
lptu
re. Occu
rsonbo th mainis
lands
,and maybe fusedla
teral
ly;paraterg
ite
sab sent.Foundinleaf
lit
terand
advent
ivein NewZea lands incei
tisknowna lsofrom humus, mostfrequen t
lyundertaraire
-dominatedvegeta-
Aus
tral
iaandNewCa ledonia
. t
ionintheno rthoftheNo r
thIsland.RecordedfromNo rth
-
landtoNe lson.
'
[12]S
taphy
lin
idae
:Tachypo
rinae
F .128Sepedoph
ig ilussp
. [12]S
taphy
lin
idae
: Oxy
tel
inae
Asma l
l,br
ightlycolouredbeetle1.8-2.1 mmlong ,teddish F .134Ca
ig rpe
limussp.
brown wi
thheadandpos ter
io rpartofe ly
tradarkb rown, Asmall
,fla
ttened,darkbrownorblackbeet
le1.5
-1 .7 mm
rema inderofe lyt
raye l
lowish,andabdomenye llowish long;abdomenb roadeningapical
lyexceptforcon ica
l
poster
ior
lyandb rownishbasally
,bea ringlongp ro
trud
ing apex.Carpeimus spe
l c
iesaresaprophagesoccurringin
setae.Sepedoph ilus spec
iesa l
lhaveapubescen tp ro
- fore
stl
it
ter
,bu t ma
ybea t
trac
tedtodungandcarr
ion .They
notum.Theya recommoninfo restl
it
le r
,rott
inglogs,and areof
tenabundan t,butli
tt
lestud
ied;threespeciesa re
fungiando ccuronbo th ma
ini s
lands.The rearenume rous knowntobead ven
tive
.
Sepedophi
lu sspe cie
s inNewZea land,se vera
lofthemno t
yetnamed . [12]S
taphy
lin
idae:Euaes
the
tinae
F .135Agnos
ig thae
tusvic
inus (B
roun
)
[12]S
taphy
lin
idae: Hab
rocerinae Asma l
l,redd ishbee tle2 .8-3.0 mmlong w ithada rk
F .129Hab
lg roce
ruscap i
lla
ricorn
is (G
ravenho
rst
) transversespo t
inap ica
lthitdofabdomen ;forebodyglo
s s
y
A medium-sized,fla
ttenedbee t
le2.7
-3.0 mmlong,brown andspa rselypubescen to rnaked ;ely
traextremelyshort
;
w
ithforebodys tronglyg lossyandabdomen mode rately abdomen mode rate
lyglossy,w ithdense wh i
tishpubes-
g
lossy.D ist
inctbyitsth inan tennae w
ithlongsetaeand cence.Likea l
lNewZea landeuaes thet
inesitisendem ic
,
long,protrudingabdom inalsetae.Anadven t
ivespecies
, f
light
less ,andinhab i
tsfo restl
itte
r. Recordedfromthe
recordedfrom m idCan terbury. no
rt
he
rn
pa
rto
ft
heSo
u
thI
sl
and
and
th
eWa
ika
t
o.

[12
]Staphyl
inidae
:Aleocha
rinae [12]S
taphy
lin
idae
:Pseudops
inae
F
ig.130AleocharahammondiK l
imaszewsk
i &C
rosby F .136Pseudops
ig isa
rrowiBernhaue
r
Arobust
,na r
row lyovalbee t
le5 .0-7.5 mmlong,strongly Asma l
l,f
lat
tened,reddish-brownbee t
le2 .8-3
.3 mmlong .
g
lossy,black w i
thappendagesandcen tra
lpa r
tofelytra Headbea ringasha l
lowdep ressionla teradofm iddle
;
redd
ishb rown .Likeal
lspe c
ieso fAleocharaithasad i
st
inct pronotum with5cos tae;elytraeach w ith2long i
tudinal
butminu
tepseudosegmen tterminatingthe maxi
l
laryand costaeand2la terallongi
tudinalca rinae;abdomen w i
th
lab
ialpalps.Aleochara occur
sonbo th ma
inis
landsandthe s
light
lyclubbedsetae.Knownf romlea f
li
tterinNothofagus
Kermadecs;th isspeciesisrest
rictedtotheSou thI. forest
.Pseudops
isspe c
ieso ccur mainlyinfores
tl
itte
rand
moss,andappeartobep redators.Re cordedfromtheBa y
o
fP lentyandtheNe lsonarea.

-170
-
[12]S taphy l
inidae:Paede rinae Elyt
raeach w ith3o r4b road,longi
tudinalridges;legs
Fig.137Medonzee landicus (Red tenbache
r) fossoria
l
;antennalclubsegmen tschunky
; mandiblestr
ian-
A medium -sized,subpa ral
lel
,redd ishbeetle4
.5-5.0 mm gular
.Theso lespec iesofanendem icgenus withclose
Iong,o f
ten w i
thheadandbaseo fabdomenda rker.Ter
- rela
tivesinAu s
tra
l
ia,NewGu inea,andCh i
le.Larvae l
ivein
m
inalsegmen to f maxi
llarypalps minute.Recordedfrom soi
landp robablyea tgrassroots.Adultsflydu r
ingthe
Foxton, No r
thI.Paede rinaeoccu rindamphab itatsin eveninginspringandsumme r
.Reco rdedfromthe Moko -
fores
tso rnea rbod ieso f water
,anda repredatorsthat h
inauIs intheno r
thtoBenLomond inthesou thernlakes.
employp re-ora
ld igest
ion.
[14]Trogidae
[12]S taphylinidae:S taphylininae Fig
.144T roxscabe r(Linnaeus )
Fig.138Ca fiuslitoreus Broun A medium-sized
,p redominantlyfuscousca rcassbeetle
AIarge ,glossyb lackbee t
le11 -13 mmlong ,w i
thsome 6.4
-6.5 mmlong,ovalandcon vex,rugose
.An tennaeshort
segmen tsofan tennaeandta rsiredd ish
,andpubescence andstou
t;legsslender
,notob v
iou s
ly mod
if
iedfo rdigg
ing.
yel
low ish.Abdomencoa rselypunc tured;tib
iaecove red Anadven t
iveEu ropeanspeciesreco rded mos t
lyinthe
w
ithblun tspines.Un l
ike mos t Cafiusspe cies,head mu ch nor
thernpartoftheNo r
thI.
,some t
imesatlight
.
largerin malethaninfema le.Foundunde rdecayingsea -
weed,whe rebo thadu l
tsandthela rge,paleb rownla
rvae [15] Sca rabae idae:Aphod i
inae
arep redatorsonl it
toralamph ipods .Adu l
tsflyreadily, Fig.145Ac rossidiustasman iae (Hope )
especial
lyinho tsunsh ine,andhavebeenco llec
tedfrom Astout,glossybee t
le10 -11 mmlong ,redd ishb rownto
Octoberto Ma rch
.Reco rdedw idelyfromCapeRe ingato b
lack ,withappendagesusua llypa ler
.E lyt
raeachw i
th5
Dunedin. imp tesseds tr
iae;p rot
ibiaeeach w i
th3la rgetee th
,and
othertibiaeeach w ith1la rge rand1sma llersp ine;
[13]Lucan idae:Aesa l
inae antennaew itha3 -segmen tedlame llateclub .Accidental
ly
Fig.139Ce ra
togna thuspa r
rianus Westwood introducedf romsou th -easte rnAus tra
lia, whe reitisa
Alarge
,browns tagbee tle14 -20 mmlong,withpu rp
lish
- commonpas turepes t.La rvael iveintunne lsintheso il
,
blackblotchesonp ronotumande lyt
ra. Antennaeno t eme rg
ingtofeeda tnight.Theya reunusua linfeedingon
e
lbowed ,witha3 -segmen tedsetoseclub.Larvaea reC- grassleavesra therthanroo ts,o ftend raggingleavesin to
shapedg rubsoccu r
ringindecayingwoodo fkarakaand thetunne lfo rconsump tion.Adu ltsflytol ighton wa rm
othert
rees . Adultsa resome t
imesfoundinthela rva
l summe re ven ings.Re cordedf romtheNo r
th l,espe c
ia
llyin
habi
tat
,andoccu rthroughouttheyear.W ide
lydist
ributed
, areasw i
thl ightvolcanicso il
,andtheSou thI.sou thofM t
andsome -t
imesf lyingtoligh
t. Grey
,Can te rbury.

[13]Lucan idae:Lucan inae [15]Sca rabae

idae:Aphod iinae
Fig.140Pa ralisso
tesre t
iculatus(Wes twood ), male Fig.146Phycochusg ranicepsB roun
A
l
a
r
g
e
,
d
k
b
r
o
w
n
r
ae
l
y
d
i
s
h
t
a
g
b
e
t
l
1
2
-0
m Asma ll
,strong
lyconvexbee tle3.0-4.0 mmlong,g lossy
long. Headandp rono tum w i
thdu llyellowish -brown , reddishbrowntobla
ck.Leg swithbroad,spinoset
ib
iaeand
appressedsca lesarisingfromcoa rsepunc tures ;elyt
ra shorttars
i mod
if
iedfordigging;headg ranu la
tef
rontally
,
ret
icula
ted,w i
thseve ralnarrow,elevated
,non -squamose w
ithsma l
leyes;e
lyt
raa lmos tglobose, weaklyst
riated.
bands; mandib
leseachw ithas trongapicaltooth,asma l
l Found inseaweedonbeaches .Recordedf romboth main
subapica
ldo rsalandven t
raltooth,andab roadb ifurca
te islands.
basallobe. Adultsandla rvaea recommon lyfoundin
decaying woodontheg round,andadu lts maya lsobe [15]Sca rabae idae :Sca rabaeinae
foundunde rba rkoflivingtrees,pa r
ticu
larlyNo thofagus
. Fig
.147On thophagusg ranulatus Boheman
Recordedfrombo th mainislands. A medium -sizedbee t
le5 -8 mmlong ,withheadand
pronotumla rgelyb ronze -greenande lyt
rapa lefu lvous
[13]Lucan idae:Lucan inae mot
tled withda rkb rown .E ly
tralinterva
ls witharowo f
Fig
.141 ,142Geodo rcusauriculatus (Broun ) prominentg lossyg ranules,eachw i
thane rec tbr
istle.An
AIarge,glossy
,sexuallydimo
rphics tagbeet
le20 -25 mm adventiveAus t
ra l
ianspec iesoftenassoc iated withcow
Iong.Ely
traw i
therect
,yellow
ish-brownscale saris
ingfrom andho rsedung .KnowninNewZea lands
incethe1870s ,
dense,coa rse
,c i
rcularpunctu
res ;head wides tbeh ind havingp robab lya rrivedins tab le manu re withs tock
eyes. Maleshavetheheadexpandedand mand ib
les impo r
tedbyea rlyse tt
lers. Occursonbo th ma inislands,
b
ifurcateatthetips,withadorsaltoothnea rthe m iddle
. w
ith mostreco rdsf romtheSou th l
.
Recordedfromthe Wa ika
toandCo romandela reas.
[15]Scarabaeidae
: Melolonthinae
[13]Lucanidae:Lampriminae Fig.148Odon t
riagiveni Wa
tt
Fig.143Dend rob
laxearl
iiWhite A
l
a
r
g
e
,
p
a
r
-
s
h
pe
d
,
u
b
e
s
c
n
t
b
e
l1
3
-
5
m
l
o
n
g
;
Achocola
te-brown
,glossy
,heav i
lypuncta
testagbee
tle headred-brownorpiceous;pronotumandely
traredd
ish
17-28 mmlong,wi
thconspicuousfu
lvoushai
rsven
tra
l
ly. mott
led w
ithdarkbtown;scutel
lumda tkb
rown ;vent
ral

— 1
71—
surfacenac reousoncoxaeands te rna.Antennaeinbo th exposed. Occursincoastalareas,onsandybeaches
sexe s3-
lame l
late
.A sinallchafers
,the legsareadaptedfor abovehighwater ma
tk,wherelarvae maybefoundunde
r
digging
.Adu ltsarefoundon leaveso fshrubsatnight,and logs.RecordedfromtheNorthIslandandtheNelsona
rea
some timesflytoa r
ti
fic
iallight.Larvaeo f mostspeciesof o
ftheSou thI
.
Odon tia occu
r rinforestso il,andoccas ionallyinsoilof
nativetussockg rass
land .Oneo fag roupo falp
inefo res
t [16]Sc
irt
idae
formsrang ingthroughouttheSou thI.andon totheranges F .153Amp
ig lec
topuspa
ll
ico
rnis B
roun
oftheNo r
thI . Asma ll
,e longate-oval, moderate
lypubescen t
,reddish-
brownbee t
le1.9 -2.0 mmlong ,w i
than tennaeandlegs
[15]Sca
rabae
idae: Me
lolonth
inae yellowish.Ventralsu r
facew i
tho va
ldep re ss
ionsintowh i
ch
F .149Cos
ig te
lyt
razealandica Wh
ite head ,an tennae,andlegscanbefo lded;an tennaew itha
Amoder
at
el
yla
rgebe
et
l e9
-10mm l
ong,br
ownis
hbla
ck
to regu lar6 -segmen tedc lub,and withprox imalsegmen ts
paleb rown ,w ithedgeo fc lypeusandeyesda rker; irregularinform ;legsfoldingtogetherliketheb ladeso fa
antennaeand(usua l
ly )e lyt
rates taceous ;prono tumpa le pocke tkn i
fe.Adultshavebeenbea tenf romfo l
iageo fthe
reddishb rowntob rown -b lack,ands cu tellumo ftenredd ish; treefe rnDickson iasqua rrosa at Pe
lo rus Bridgenea r
ventralsu rfacepa leb rown .Pyg idiumpa rtlyexposed , Nelson.O r
ig
inal
lyfoundon M tPi
rongiaands incecol
lected
smoo thandg lab rousexcep tfo r ma rginalb r
is tles. Com - at Wa ipouaFo res t, Hunua Range ,M tA rowhana(G is-
monlyknownastheg rassg rub,aname mo rep rope r
ly borne),Daw sonFa ll
s(M tEgmon t)
,andTa kaka(Nelson)
.
appl
iedtothe la rvae ,wh i chliveinso ilfeed ingontheroo ts
ofgrasses . Ma ture larvaepupa teintheso i
l,usua l
ly inlate [16]Sc
irt
idae
Augus ttola te Oc tobe r,andthebee tleseme rgein Nov - F .154Ve
ig rona
tust
ricos
tel
lusWh
ite
embe r
. On wa rm ,stil
ln igh tstheyf ly,anda l
igh tonthe Am
o
d
er
a
te
l
y
la
r
g
e,
na
r
ow
l
yo
va
l
,s
l
i
gh
t
ly
d
ep
r
e
ss
e
d
leaveso fva riousfoodp lan tssucha stu rnip,p lum ,rose , beet
le9 .0-10 mm long,palebrownw i
thantennaeandleg s
apple,strawbe rr y
,andA ra l
iasp inosa.A fter mating,u sual
ly ye
llowishb rown.Ely
traw i
th6cu rvedlong
itudina
lcostae;
onthefoodp lan ts ,fema leslaythe i reggsin mo istso il
. uppersu rface withf
ine ,decumben tpubescence ;head
Larvaeha t
ch in16 -21da ysandpa s sth roughth ree in s
tars usuallys tronglyben tdownwa rds;penult
ima teta
rsal
lastingf rom Novembe rtothefo l
low ingSep tembe r.En - segmen tbilobed. Collec
tedbybea t
ingsh rubs.Widely
dem ictoNewZea land ,fromNo r
thCapetoB lu ff
,bu tno t d
istr
ibutedonbo th mainis
lands.
commoninNo rthlandandAuck land,andno tp reva lentin
nat
ivetussockg rass lands . Causes mos tdamageinthe [17]Euc
ine
tidae
SouthI.,espec ial
lyin O tagoandSou th land. F .155Euc
ig inetuss
tewa
rt
i(B
roun
)
Asma l
l,broadlyoval,glossyb lac kbeet
le3.5-3.6 mm long.
[15]Sca
rabaeidae: Me
lolon
thinae Headandp ronotumspa rselypunc tate;e
lyt
raw ithcross
-
F .150P
ig rodont
rialewisiBroun st
ria
tions;an tennaecy l
indrical,11-segmen ted ,thelast
A
l
a
r
g
e
,
p
a
le
r
d
i
s
h
-
b
ro
w
n
b
e
t
l
1
5
-
6m
l
o
n
g
; segmen tblack; metacoxaela rge,fusedto mesos ternum;
antennae4 -
lamella
tein maleand3 -lame l
lateinfemale; legsslender,thehind legslarge st
,withsmal
lsp ine s
.Adults
c
lypeusandf ronsdenselyandcoa rselypunc ta
te;pro- andlarvaep robablyfeedons l
ime mou lds.Discove redat
notums tronglyconvex;elyt
ras t
riate,stronglyconvex, Boatmansnea rRee fton,ands in cefoundatS t
ratford
;like
ly
truncatebehind,wi
thshou ldersbea r
ingapos te
rola
tera
l toprovew idelydist
ributedwhe reversl
ime mou ldsoccu r
.
depression.Knownon lyf
romroughpas ture
landinare -
s
t r
ictedareaofCromwe l
l,Centra
lO tago. [18]C
lambidae
F .156C
ig lambusdomes
ticusB
roun
[15
]Scarabaeidae
: Dynas
tinae Am inute
,b road
lyova lbeetle1 .0 mmlong ,paletoda rk
F
ig.151Heteronychusara
tor (Fab
ric
ius
) brown ,s
tronglyglossy,spa rselypubescen t
. Headve ry
Am
o
d
er
a
t
e
ly
l
ar
ge
,
s
t
ou
t
,
co
n
v
ex
,
g
la
b
r
o
us
b
ee
t
l
e1
1
-
13 broad ,def
lexedbenea thp rono tum;an tennae8 -seg -
mmIong ,st
rong lyglossyblack.M iddleandh indfemo ra mented,wi
tha2 -segmentedse toseclub;
leg sslender
,with
eachw ith2s trongspu rs
.Common lyknownastheb lack t
ibiaeIackingspurs
.Anadven t
iveAus t
ral
ianspec ies
,fully
beetle
,thisspe cieswasa cc
idental
l y
introducedfromSou th w
inged ,andcommon lyo ccu
rring inlawnclipp
ing s
,garden
Af
rica.Adultssome timesf
lytolightatnight.Larvaefeedon prunings
,compos t
,and l
itte
rinna t
iveforest
.
theroo tsofgra sses
,and ma ycau sesub s
tant
ialdamageto
lawnsandpas tures
.W ide
lyd is
tr
ibuted inwarme rareasof [19]Bup
res
tidae
theNo r
thI. F .157Nasc
ig ioidesenys
iSha
rp
Am
o
d
er
a
te
l
y
l
ar
ge
,
s
om
e
wh
a
t
de
p
r
es
s
ed
,
b
ul
e
t
-
sh
a
pe
d
[15]Sca
rabaeidae: Dynast
inae beetle7-8 mmlong, metal
licg reenwi
th2ob liqueye l
low
F .152Pe
ig ricoptust runca
tusFab
ric
ius spots; males w
ithf
ronsredd ish.Ely
trapointedap ica
lly
.
A
l
a
r
g
e
,
s
t
o
u
b
e
tl
2
1
-
3
0
m
l
o
n
g
,
da
r
k
b
o
w
n
,
f
t
e
n Common lyknowna sthebee chbupre
stid
,theful
lyw inged
choco
lateb
rown med
ia
ll
y.Leg
sbroad
,adaptedfo
rdigg
ing
; adul
tsfeed insumme ronleaveso fNothofagus, andarea
prono
tumin ma
lesbear
ingablun
tapica
lhorn;pygid
ium potent
ialpestofbeechforests.

—172—
[20 ]Byr rhidae :By rrhinae [25]P t
ilodactyl
idae :Anchy ta
rsinae
Fig.158L iocho riahu tton iPascoe Fig.163By rrocryp tusu rquha rt
iB roun
A mode ra telysma ll,b road lyova l,convexbee t
le3 .6-3.7 A moderate
lylarge,c lose
lypube scentbee t
le6 -7 mmlong,
m
l
o
ng
,
s
h
i
n
gb
l
a
c
k
w
i
t
h
g
r
en
i
s
h
r
e
f
l
c
t
i
o
ns
.
A
n
t
e
n
a
e w
ithbody med iumb rownandleg sandan tennaeyellowish
.
insertedons ideso ffron s,witha3 -segmen tedclub;elytra Antennaeserrate;s cutel
lumhea rt-shaped ;hind marginof
each withabou t5long itud inalrow so funconne c
tedcoa r
se pronotum w i
thb lun tteethfo rmingat ransve rsecomb .
pun c
ture s;abdom inals terni
te sbehind me tacoxae wi
tha Adult
shavebeenco llectedbetween O c
tobe randFeb ruary
.
largeova ldep ressionfo rrecep t
iono fretractedhindleg s. Larv
aeli
veinsandnearthew a
ter
'sedgei
nrive
rb eds
.
Adultsa reo ftenfoundunde rstone ssurroundedby mo ss, RecordedfromAu cklandto m idCanterbu ry
.
usuallyassoc iated w ithla rvae ,andhavebeenobse rved
feed ingena lpine da isies(Ce lmisia
).Reco rdedinthe [26]Che lona riidae
southe rnSou thI .fromthe G ramp ian Moun ta
ins(Mac - Fig
.164a ,bB roun iatho racicaSha rp
kenzie Bas in )totheg reatb lock moun tainso f Central A mode ratelyIa rge ,narrowlyova l
,sligh
tlyglos sybeetle5-
Otago,a taltitude sfrom350 mtoove r3000 m . 6 mmlong ,b lack w i
thtar s
iyellowish
-redande ly t
raviole
to r
purple-tinged ; mode ratelydense lypunctateandpubes -
[21 ]D ryopidae cent.Headpa rtiallycon cea
ledf romabove ;an tennae w
ith
Fig .159Pa rnidaag restisB roun segmen ts6 -10eachbea r
ingalong ,inward lyp roduced
A mode ratelysma ll
, mode ratelyglossyb lackbeetle3 .9- lobe ;p rono tumhump -shapedinla tera
lv iew .Theon ly
4.0 mmIong ,covered withir
regu la
rye l
lowha ir
s.An tennae knownspe cimen sa retheo rigina
ltwoco llectedbyB roun
sho rt,withacha racte r
ist
ica symme t
rica
lc lub;prono tum (lo
calityun spe ci
fied)andano the
r Mala
isetrappeda tEa st
w
i thadeep lyimp ressedg roovedoe i
thers idenearlateral Cape.
ma rgin. Oneo fanumbe rofte rrestr
ialD ryopidae( the
dryop idsino the
rzoogeog raph icalregionsa re mos t
ly [27 ]Eucnem idae
: Melas
inae
aqua ti
c).Adu ltsandla rvaeoccu rcommon lytogetherinlea f Fig.165Neocha r
issimp lexSha rp
l
i tterofNotho fagusfo rests
. A mode rate
lysma l
l,e
longateova lbee t
le3.8-4.0 mmlong,
b
lack w i
thg reyi
shpubescence.An tennaelong,the2ndand
[22]Elm idae :La ra inae 3rdsegmen tssmal
les
t;elytra w
ithou tdef
ini
testr
iae.Found
Fig.160Hydo rap iceaB roun onfo restgrowthandinleafli
tterand wood mou ld
,andha s
A modera telysma l
l,b road,sl
igh t
lydep ressed,brownish
- beentakenin Ma la
isetraps . Reco rdedfrom Ka ihuin
b
la
ck
be
e
tl
e3
.
4-
3
.5mmlo
ng
.H
ea
dna
r
ro
w,
wi
thp
r
om
in
en
t NorthlandtoHumpR idgeinSou th land.
eyes;an tennae w ithou tadistinctclub
;po s
terio
redge sof
pronotumsha rp;e lytra wi
throwso fpunc tures;body [28 ]Elateridae:Ag rypninae
c
lothed w ithfairlysho rtpube scence.Widelyd is
tr tedi
ibu n Fig.166Tho ramus wake f
ie ld
iSha rp
r
iverbed s,ons tone satthe wa ter
'sedge . Alarge ,narrowlyova l
,b lackish-brownc lickbeet
le15 -30
mmlong .Side so fp rono tumeven lycu rvedan ter
io r
lyto
L
[i23m
]nich idae:L i mn ichinae bluntpos teriorang les;e lytraeach w ithabou t5s t
riae;
Fig.161L imnichusn igripesB roun antennaes lende r
;legss tout; me tacoxaeexcava ted
Asma ll,oval,convex ,glossyb lackbee t
le2.3-2.5 mmlong, posterior
lytore ceivere tractedfemu r. Oneo fourIargest
c
lo thed w i
thye l
lowishsca le-l
ikese taea r
rangedin wavy c
lickbee tles,qu iteva r
iableinshapeands ize
.La rvaeate
patterns,thesetaef inerandha ir-
likeonp ronotum.An ten
- foundindead woodinfo res
t s
, whe retheyp reyonlarvaeof
nae w i
thasma l
l2 -segmen tedc lub ,inse
rtedonbaseo f otherbee tlessuchasce rambyc ids.Adu l
tso fth
is w ide
ly
frons.O ccursunders tonesins tream sanda tthe marginof dis
tributedspe cie sflyread i
lytoligh t.
r
ive rs.Alsofoundinte rre s
trialhabitatsin mo
i s
tli
tterand
unde rstone s,butp rima r
ilyanaqua ticspecies.Recorded [28]Elateridae: Dentlcol
linae
atLowbu rn,jus
tno rtho fC romwe ll,inthe MotuR .
,Bayo f F .167Amychuscande
ig zei Pascoe
Plenty,andintheKe reuS tm ,EastCape . AIarge,brown ishcl
ickbee tle16 -23 mmlong ,variegated
andvariab
leinco lour,resemb l
ingba rk.Pronotumb roader
[24] Hete roce r
idae: Heterocer
inae thanlong,roundeda tsides,and w ithp rominentpo s
terio
r
F .162He
ig te rocerusnovaese landiae Cha rpentier ang
les;elytranarrowetthanp ronotum ,tapetingposter
iorly
;
A mode ratelysma l
l,elongate,convex ,b rown ishbee t
le bodysurface moderatelyrough.O ccursincrevice
sinro cks
3.9
-4.0 mmIong ,bearingnume rousbristles.An tennae andunde rlog sands tones.Re co rdedf romthei slandsof
shor
tandth i
ck ;elytra w
ithoval,yellowish-b rownspo ts; the Cook S tra
itandthe Cha thams ,thisendem ic New
t
ibiaefla t
tenedandsp inose,b lack
ish-b rown .Theon ly Zea
landspe c
iesiscon sideredtobeendange red
.
spec
ieso fhe terocer
idknownf rom NewZea land,froma
few widelys catteredrecords. [29]Lycidae
F .168Po
ig rros
tomaruf
ipenne(Fab r
icius)
A moderatelyla
rge
,soft-bodied,elongate
,dep ressed
bee
tle9-10 mmlong
,bla
ck withely
traorange(of
tenbrigh
t

—173—
redinlivingspe c
imen s).Antennaedeeplyser
rate;e
lyt
ra males w
ithac lubconsis
tingof3longb ranches,andin
w
it
hi
nd
ef
i
ni
tel
ong
it
ud
in
a
lr
id
ge
san
dla
rg
epu
nc
tu
re
s females imple,withclubsegmen tssmal
lerands l
ight
ly
be
tweenth em.Rec
ordedfromtheNor
thI.
,esp
eci
al
ly asymme trica
l. Desc
ribedonthebas isofa ma leanda
nor
therna reas,anda roundNelsonintheSouthI. femalefoundnea r Whangare
i HeadsandatTairua
.

[30 ]Can tharidae : Dysmo rphoce r

inae [35 ]Bostr
ichidae:D inoderinae
Fig.169As i
lisfu lvithorax B roun Fig.175D inode rus minutus (Fabr
icius)
A med lum -s
ized,so ft-bodied,fair
lyflatsold
ierbeet
le4 .8
- Asma l
lbeet
le2 .0-3.0 mmlong,darkbrown withredelytra.
5.0 mmlong ,black w i
thp ronotumb rightorange
.Antennae Head withfronsdense lypunc tate;prono tumcoa rsely
s
len
de
ran
d s
l
ig
ht
l
yse
rr
at
e,
in
ser
t
ed o
nf
ro
ns
ju
stbe
fo
r
e asperatean te
rior
ly,denselypunc ta
tepos terio
rly;elytra
eye s
.Adu lts maybebea tenf romfoliageofvariou
st ree
s irregu
lar
lypun c
tate w
ithsho r
t,erec
tse tae.Apan tropica
l
andsh rubs,espec ial
ly wheninf lowe r
. Commoninthe pestspeciesdeve loping in bamboo,andsome t
imesin
NorthI.no rthof Wa itomo ,includ
ingtheHenandCh ickens maize
.Re cordedfromAu ckland.
IsandL i
tt
leBa rrier.
[35 ]Bostrichidae :Lyctinae
[31]De rodontidae:Laricob iinae Fig.176Lyc tusb runneusS tephens
Fig.170No thoderodon tusgou r
layiC rowson Asma llto mode rate
lylarge,brownbee tle2.0 -7
.0 mmlong .
Asma l
l,b road
lyova lbeetle1 .9-2 .0 mmlong ,somewha t Uppe rsurfa ce withbrownde cumben tpube scen ce;head
depressed ,brownishtob lack. Head w ithcharacteris
tic andp ronotum w ithcoa rse,sha l
lowpunc tures ;elytra
depress
ion sand wi
th2o cel
li,ea chnex tto marg
ino feye ; str
iate,w i
thf inepun ctat
ion;p ronotums l
igh t
lydep ressed
eyesp rom inent
,coa rselyface ted;an tennae wi
tha3 - medial
ly;po sterior ma
rgino f4thven tr
ite withfinepube s-
segmen tedclub;elyt
ra withdeeps t
riae.Adul
tshavebeen cenceinbo thsexe s.Aco smopolitanpe stina w ideva r
iety
col
lectedf romJanua ryto Ma rch.D iscoveredatA rthurs oft
imbe r
s.Re cordedfrombo th ma inislands.
Pass,andrepo r
tedf romseve rallocalit
iesbetweenthe
Nel
sona reaandCap les
ton ,nea rRee fton. [36 ]Anob iidae:Anob iinae
Fig.177Had rob regmus magnus (Dumb leton)
[32 ]Jacobson ildae A med ium -si
zed ,reddish -brownbee t
le7.0-8 .0 mmlong .
Fig.171Saphophagus m inutusSha rp Headconcea led by p ro thorax ;an tennae w itha 3 -
Asma ll,elonga te-oval
,dep ressed,redd i
sh-brownbee t
le segmen tedclubcon s
istingo fe longateanda symme tr
ical
1.9-2.0 mmlong .Pronotumapp roxima te
lyheart-
shaped , segmen ts;p rothoraxcons tr
ictedpos ter
iorlynea rbase ;
w
ithap ronounced med iandep ressionand w i
thcoa rse ely
tra w ithrow so fpun ctures; mo stofbodysu r
face wi
th
puncture s
;headle sscoa rse
lypun ctate;antennaestra
igh t, shortpubescence .Adul tsandla rvaeoccurino ld,partly
w
ithaloose3 -segmen tedc lub;e lyt
ra w i
thoutdistinct decayedr lmulog sandinr imuf loor
ingando thertimbers;
str
iae,bu twithpun ctu
re sarrangedinsomewha tir
regu lar
, theyu sual
lybo reinto we ttimbe r
.W idelydistr
ibuted
,from
curved ,longitud inalrows ;legsta thersho rtands tou t
. NorthlandtotheTa ier
iP lains, Dunedin.
Col
le c
tedinthe Ne lsona rea,atPicton,andnea rM tCook .
[36]Anob iidae :Pt
ininae
[33]Nosodend r
idae Fig.178P t
inusspec iosusB roun
Fig.172Nosodend ronzea
landicum Sha rp Asma l
l,b roadlyoval,sp ider
-l
ikebee t
le2 .3-2.4 mmlong ,
A mode ratelysma l
l,ova
l,s
tronglyconvex,glossyb
lack w
ithadeepb rownand wh ites tripeac rosse lytraand
beet
le4 .3-4.5 mmlong,f
ine
lyandc lo
selypuncta
te.E
lyt
ra addi
tional wh i
te marking sbehindshou lders;bodyc lothed
w
i
t
hr
o
ws
o
f
la
r
g
e
pu
n
c
tu
r
e
s
.W
i
d
e
ly
d
i
s
tr
i
b
u
t
ed
in
t
h
eN
o
r
th wi
thlongye llowha irs.Headu sual
lys tronglyde f
lexedand
I.,anda lsore co
rdedf
romtheSou thI
. part
ial
lycon cealedfromabove ;an tennae w ithoutaclub;
legsandan tennaelongands lende r;elytra mu chbroadet
[34 ]Dermestidae : Megatom inae thanp rothorax.Adultso ccu
rinlea fli
tter
.W idelydi
str
ibuted
F .173T
ig rogode rma maes tumB roun i
nt
he
No
r
th
I
.a
ndn
o
r
th
er
nS
o
ut
hI
.
Asma ll
,broadlyoval,slight
lydepressedbee t
le2.9-3.0 mm
Iong,black,covered wi
thb lackand whi
tishrecumben thai
rs [37 ]Trogoss it
idae :Ren ton i
inae
formingacha rac
terist
icpa tte
rn.Antennaeo f maleblunt
ly Fig.179Ren tonidiumcos tiventr
is Crowson
serrate,thoseo ffema le weaklyclubbed .Adults maybe Am inute
,ova l,stronglyconvex ,palereddish-brownbee t
le
foundonf lowe rs,andla rvaeonfea thersanddeadb irds. 1.3 mmlong .An tennaeandlegss lender;headb road;
Recordedf romtheno rtho fthe NorthI.,asfarsou thas uppersurface withfinepube scence;ely
tra wi
thoutstr
iae;1
Okauianea r Matamata. v
isiblesternite witha med iankee l.Discove redin male
f
lowe r
so f"Pinusin signi
s"(probablyinerro
rfo rP.rad
iata)in
[35]Bost
rich
idae:Eude r
inae WaipouaS tateFo re st
, North
land .Alsocol
le ctedinother
F .174Eude
ig riasquamosaB roun NorthI.local
itiesinfo restleafli
tter
,ando ccurr
inga sfar
A modera
telysma l
l,elongatebeetle4.0-5.0 mmlong, southa s Ne
l son.
brown
,covered w
ith whi
teandb rownscales
.Antennaein

—174—
[37]T
rogoss
itidae
:Lophoca
terinae co
loured
, most
lydullb
lackwithely
tralshouldersorenti
re
F .180G
ig rynomaregula
ris Sharp e
lytrapa
leyellowish
,orelyt
raappea ringyellowish w
ith
A medium -sized, mode rate
lyconvex ,ven t
rallyflatbee t
le var
iouscombinat
ionsofbrowno rb
lackspo ts. Occu
rson
5.3
-5.4 mmlong ,e longateovalwiths ides mostlypa ral
lel. sandybeaches. Recordedfrombo th mainislands,the
Colourp redom inan t
lyb lack;elytra with wh i
te ma rks Cha
thams,andtheKe rmadecs.
var
iegatedw ithpalered,coa rse
lypunc tatebu tnotstriate;
Iong, wh it
ishha irscove ring mos to fdo rsalsu rface ; [41]Me
lyr
idae
: Dasy
tinae
maxi
llarypa lpsp rom inent
,thelas tsegmen tha tche t- F .186`Dasy
ig tes'subcyaneusB
roun
shaped . Collectedbybea t
ingfores tfol
iage .La rvaea re A med
ium -s
ized,sof
t-bodied,elonga tebeetle3
.8-4.0 mm
some t
imesfoundunde rlooseba rk,whe retheyp robab ly long,slightlydepressed , metal
licb lue
. Head withouta
feedono therinsec ts
;adu l
tstooa rep robab
lyp redacious. d
ist
inctneck ;eyesprominen t
;an tennaef i
l
iform
,w i
thouta
W
idelydistr
ibu ted. c
lub;elytrapubescent,withouts t
riae.Commononf lower-
ingshrub s,andwhena lertedtake stofl
ightrap
id
ly.Larvae
[37]T
rogoss
itidae:Trogoss
itinae l
iveunde rloosebarko fdeadb ranches. Occursonbo th
F .181Lep
ig idop te
ryxnigrosparsa(Wh
ite
) ma
inislands ,bu
tw i
th mostreco rdsfromtheSou thI.
Alarge,elonga
te,para
l
lel
- s
ided,sl
igh t
lyconvexbee t
le11-
12 mmlong ,glossygreenishblack.Headandp ronotum [42]N
itidu
lidae:Nit
idu
linae
w
ithdep resseda reasbea r
ingye llow ish
-whitescales; F .187P
ig lat
ipidiaaspere
llaB
roun
e
lytraw i
th14longitud
ina
lkee ls.Adu ltshavebeenfound A med ium-s
ized,b roadlyova l
,slight
lydep ressedbeetle
undetba rkandintheshea thofafa llennikaupa lmleaf. 4.8-5 .2 mmlong , mostlyda rkb rown,w i
thpa leir
regular
Col
lectedfromSeptembertoAp r
il.W idelyd
ist
ributed
,w i
th mark ings.Eyess t
rong lyconvex ;head,p ronotum,and
recordsrangingfromLit
tleBa r
rierI.toS i
lve
rstreamnea r e
lyt rafine
lypunc tate
;e lyt
raw i
thou tst
riae; ma
lew i
thhind
We
ll
ington. femo raexpandedtowa rdsapex.Adu ltsarefoundont ree
trunks ,especial
lyw i
thf lowingsap ,andsome t
imesinthe
[38]Chae
tosomat
idae ba seo ffa
l
lendeadn ikaupalm lea ves
.O ccursenboth main
F .182Chae
ig tosomasca
ri
tides Wes
twood islands ,butwith mostreco rdsfromtheSou thI.
AIarge
,elongate,subparal
lel-s
idedbee t
le13 -14 mm long
,
coarse
lypun c
tate,bla
ckw ithpaleredshou ldersandelyt
ral [43] Mono
tom
idae: Mono
tom
inae
apex.Dorsalsurfacewithlong,e recthai
rs;antennaeand F .188Lenax m
ig irandusSha
rp
legsslender
;pronotumsubquad rate,wi
thas trong
lyglossy A medium -s
ized,nar rowlyelongate,subpa ral
lelbee t
le4 .0-
medianelevat
ion.Co l
lectedfromunde rba rkoflogsand 6.0 mmlong ,usua llyda rkb rowntonea r
lyb lack ,w i
th
stand
ingdeadt reesofvariousspe cies
.W idelydis
tr
ibuted
. appendage spaler,u suallyrus
t-brown ;glossy,with m inute,
sparseandinconsp icuouspubescence . Headsho r
t,as
[39
]Cle
ridae:Thanoc
ler
inae broadastho rax,with2deepcav i
tiesbeh indeacheye ;
F
ig.183Metaxinao
rnata B
roun labrumconcea led;p ronotumna rrow lyelongate,w ithf ront
A medium-s ized,slight
lyfla
ttenedbee tle4.0-6.0 mm long
, anglessha rpands lightlyproduced,la tera
lca r
inaesha rp,
brownw i
thwh it
ish- ye
l
low ,sinuate,
irregular
lyshapee lyt
ral andw ith2rowso fIa rge,deeppunc tu resin medialpa r
to f
spots
.Do rsa lsurfacew ithlong ,erectsparsese tae;head d
isc;e ly
trana rrowlye longate,w i
th8punc tateg rooves .
andp ronotumw ithlongitudinal
lyelongatepunc tures,and Col
lectedunde rbarkinbeech (No thofagus)fo rests,and
e
lytraw i
throundones .O r
iginal
lydesc r
ibedf romB roken some t
imesbybea tingfo restgrow th.W idelydis t
ribu ted,
River
, Can terbury. Wehaveseenadd i
tionalspeclmens especial
lyintheSou thI.
from Dun Moun tain,nea r Nelson,andanunde termined
specimeno fthesamegenusf romNo r
thland. [43]Mono
tom
idae: Monotominae
F .189Mono
ig tomaspinico
ll
is Aubé
[39]C
ler
idae
:Enopl
iinae Asma llbeetle2 .1
-2.2 mm long,enti
relyrust
-brown ,orda rk
F .184Phyma
ig tophaeavio
lacea(Fab
ric
ius
) brownw i
thrus t-b
rownedgesandappendages .Headand
A med ium-sized,elonga te
-oval,sl
ight
lydep ressedbee tle prono tum w ithcoa rse,b road ,densepunc tation;head
6.5-7.0 mmlong , mainlyv
iolet,wi
thd is
tinc
tyellow ma rk- abrup t
lycons t
ric
tedbeh ind,w i
thp rotrud
ingeyes ;p ro-
ingsone ly
tra .Eyesp rominent;antennaew i
thane longa te notum w ithan ter
iorang lesp roducedandla teral margin
andasymme tr
ical3-segmen tedc lub;2tarsalsegmen ts serrate;ely
trasho rtened ,w ithrowso fpunc tures;pubes -
stronglylobed ;elytracoa rselypunctate,w i
thouts t
riae, cencesho r
t,inconsp icuous,ye l
lowish.Adultsofthis in
tro-
c
lo thedwith long,protrud
ingha i
rs.Adult
so ccurinsumme r ducedEu ropeanspec iesa recommoninlawnc l
ippings,
onfloweringt reesandsh rubs,wherethe yprobabl
yp reyon gardenl i
tter,andcompos t
,inpaddocks whe resheep
otherinsects. shelter,and inchickens traw .Reco rdedfromAuck land
.

[40]Phycosec
idae [44]Ph
loeos
tichidae
:Agapyth
inae
F .185Phycosec
ig isl
imba
ta(Fab
ric
lus
) F .190Agapy
ig thofove
ico
ll
is Broun
Asma
l
l,e
longa
te-ova
lbee
tle2
.5-3
.0 mmlong
,va
riab
ly A mode
rate
lysma
l
l,na
rrow
lye
longa
tebee
tle3
.0-3
.2 mm

—175—
long,rus tbrown w i
thda rkbrownspo tsand2pa le, [47]Laemophloe
idae
transversespotsone lytra
. Mode ratelyglossy,spa rsely F
ig.195Microbrontesl
inea
tus (B
roun
)
pubescent,withdepress
ionsonp ronotumande lyt
raand Asma ll,flat
tenedbee t
le2 .8-3
.0 mmIong ,b rown witha
w
ithinconspicuoustubercles;antennaebead -
l
ike,w i
tha reddisht inge ,sl
ight
lyg lossy,w i
thinconspicuoussho r
t
weaklyde f
ined3 -segmen tedc lub.Adu ltshavebeen pubescence .Heade longate,w i
fha medianr idgeand2
col
lectedfromDecembe rtoFeb ruary.O r
igina
llytakena t lateralridges ;antennaew i
thscapeen largedandasym -
Routeburn
,buta l
soknownf romtheHo l
ly
fordVly,Balloon metr
ical,ped icelbroadenedap ical
ly,andrema iningseg-
Hut(MtA r
thurTable
land,Ne lson),Ta kakaHil
l,M tRobe rt mentss trong
l yelongate
;p ronotumb roadestapical
ly,wi
th
(NelsonLa kesN.P.
),uppe r Wa
iroaVl y,and Makarora. 2sub lafe ra
lridges ;elyt
ra w i
th10long itudinalridges.
Knownf romfheNo r
thI.andTh reeKingsI
s.
[44
]Phloeost
ichidae
:Pr
iasi
lphinae
F
ig.191P r
iasi
lphaobscuraBroun [48]Pha lacr
idae: Cyc
laxyrinae
A medium -si
zed,broadl
yo val,fla
ttenedbee tle4 .7-5.0 mm Fig.196Cyc laxyraimp ressa B roun
Iong ,na rrowedpos terior
ly ,blackishb rown ,coa rsely Asma l
l,s t
ronglyconvexbee tle2 .0
-2.2 mmIong ,g lossy
punctate.Uppersurfacew i
thg rey
i shpube scen ceg rouped b
la ckwithlegsandan tennaeredd ishche stnu
t.Headand
inclump sonely
tra;ely
trawithouts tr
iae
,slightlye xplana
te; e
lytraspa rse
lypunc tate
;an tennae w i
tha3 -segmen ted
an
tennaew i
thadist
inct3-segmen tedclub;an tennaeand c
lub;el y
tranotstr
iate
.P resumab lyfungivorous,occurring
legsslende r.Adu
ltsand larvaeo c cu
rinleaf l
i
tte rofbee ch insoo ty mouldsonNothofagu s andOlea r
ia. Knownf rom
(Notho fagus)forests.W idelyd istr
ibutedonbo th main both mainis
lands.
is
land s.
[49]Cavogna
thidae
[45
]Silvan
idae:B
rontinae F .197Zeon
ig id
icolacha
thamens
isWa
tt
F
ig.192B ron
topr
iscuspleura
lis B
roun Asma ll
,e longate-oval
, mode ratelydep ressedbee t
le2 .7-
A mode ratel
yIa rge,narrowlyo va
l,flat
tened,brownbee tle 3.2 mmIong ,darkb rownw ithlegsandan tennaeredd ish
7.5-8.0 mmIong .Heads l
ight
lyna rrowerthanp ronotum; brown ;su r
facere lat
ivelydu ll
,w ithfine microscu lpture.
antennaew i
ths capee xt
reme lyelongate,asIonga s3o r4 Headdense lypunc tate;an tennae w ithaloose3 -seg -
fol
low ingsegmen tscomb ined;prono tumw i
thdeep inden - mentedc lub;p ronotum w i
ths ides weak lyangu latejust
tat
ion son latera
l margins;ely
trao valandfla
tlatera
lly
,w i
th beh
ind m iddle;ely
traelongate ,wide s
tatm id-length;w ings
long i
tudinalrowso fpunc tures;do rsalsur
facesome times ves
tigial
;s cute
llumtran sver
se ;legsstout,w i
thp rotars
iand
bearingirregularpiecesofplant mate r
ialadhe
ringtosapp y mesotarsi(segmen ts1 -4)expandedin ma le. Occu rsin
secretion
.Adu l
tsand larvaeo ccurunde rbarkofdeadt ree b
irds'ne s
t sontheCha thamI s
.
trunk sandb ranche sofnati
vetree s
.Common in mostpart
s
oftheNo rthI.,w i
thafewre cordsfromtheSou thI. [50]C ryptophag idae:C ryptophaginae
Fig.198Tho rtusova l
isB roun
[
Si4
l5
]an
v idae :S i
lvan inae Asma l
l,ova l,convexbee t
le1 .7-1.8 mmIong ,redd ish
Fig.193O ryzaeph ilussu r
inamens is (Linnaeus ) brown w ithshou lderso felytraandpa tchesnea relytra
l
Asma ll
,na rrowlye longa tebeet
leb rown2 .8-3.2 mmIong , apexpa ler; mosto fuppe rsurface wi
ths lenderse tae.
of
tenw ithru st
-brownappendage s;do rsa
lsu rfacecovered Antennaew ithaloose3 -segmen tedclub,fhei
rinserf
ions
w
ithsho rt,yellow,recumben thairs.Heade longate
,w ith depressedin toane leva tedsu r
faceandsepa ratedbya
temp lesaslongasd iametero feye;an tennae w i
tha3 - longitudina lcarina;lateralca r
inaeo fprothorax without
segmen tedc lub;p ronotum with6tee thone i
therside; serra
tion ;elytra w
ithfinepunc ta
tionand w i
thoutstriae;
e
l yt
raw ithlongitudinalrow sofpun c
tures.Aco smopol
itan w
ing sab sent.O ccursinleaflit
ter
,e spec
ia
llyinNo thofagu s
pe s
tofs toredp rodu cts,advent
ive inNewZea land
.Adu lt
s forests.D iscovereda tBoa tmansnea rRee f
ton,andla ter
and la
rvae infestce reals,dr
iedfrui
ts,ando i
lseed s.Known foundonS tephensI.and mo rewidelyonthewe s
terns ide
frombo th ma inisland s. oftheSou thI.

[46
]Cucu
jidae [51 ]Languri
idae :Xenosce l
inae
F
ig.194Plat
isussp
. Fig.199Hapa lipsp rolixus (Sharp)
A
l
a
r
g
e
,
f
l
a
t
b
e
l1
5
-
2
0
m
l
o
n
g
,
d
a
rk
b
o
w
n
,
i
t
h
e
a
d A med ium-s
ized,na rrow lyelongatebeetle5.0 -6.0 mm
andp ronotumnea rl
yb la
c k,ande ly
traunifo
rml
yda r
kb rown Iong ,subparalleltos l
ightlyconvex ,yel
low ish -brown
.
orredd ishap ical
ly,coarse lypunctate.Headtransverse, Antennaew i
thane longa te3-segmentedc lub
;p ronotum
posterio r
lyslightlybroade rthanp ronotum; mandibles w
ithou fabasalimp ressiono rgroove;ely
traw ithrowso f
s
trong ,cu rved,withinnertee th
;antennae moni
li
form,w i
fh punctures
.Adu l
tsand larvaeoccurondead leaftissueof
basa land3 rdsegmen tss tronglyelongateand2nd tree-fe
rnsandn ikaupa lm.Knownf romtheNo rthI.andthe
segmen tredu cedandbead shaped
;p ronotumwi
thse rra
te northernpar
toftheSou thI.
lateral margin s
.Anendem icNewZea landspec
iesknown
onlyfromtheTh reeKing sI s
.

-176
-
[52
]Ero
tyl
idae: Dacninae [55]Endomych
idae: Ho
lopa
ramec inae
F
ig.200Thal
lispoltaWh
i i
te Fig
.205Holoparamecustenuis Re
it
ter
A medium -s
ized,elongate-oval
,con vexbee t
le5.8-6.0 mm Asma l
l,elonga te
-oval
,reddish-brownbee tle1.5 -1.7 mm
long,blackish-b
rown,s t
rong l
yglossy.Headw i
thp rominen
t Iong.Antennaew i
thaIarge,2-segmen tedc lub;p ronotum
eyesandtwodeepg rooves ;antennae w ithaloose3 - convex,rest
rictedbehindtoad ist
inct'waist
',wlthase ries
segmen tedc lub
;e ly
traw ithir
regularlongifud
inalrowso f ofla
teral
lye longatefoveaeform ingabasa limp ress
ion ;
f
inepunc tures.Adu ltsa refoundonb racketfungiand e
lytrapubescen t
,withoutstr
iae;legss lender,w ithtibial
occas
iona l
lyinleafl
it
terorunde rbark.W ide
l yd
ist
ributedin spurs
.A ssocia
tedw i
thleafl
i
tterunde rrot
tinglog sandw i
th
theNo rthI. fungi
.Fairlycommon ,andp robab lywidelydist
ribu ted
.

[53]Bo thr
ide rldae :Anomma tinae [56]Cocc inellidae : Coccine
llinae
Fig.201Anomma tusduodec ims t
riatus(Mü l
ler) Fig.206Cocc inellaleonina Fab ricius
Asm al
l
,s ubpara
lle
lb e
et
le2 .0
-2
. 2mm long,dors
ally A medium -sized,hem ispher
icalladybird5 .3
-5.5 mmlong,
g
lo ssy,depigmen ted,pa lebrown ,somewha tf
la t
tened,with w
ith manyconsp icuous,regu laro range ma rk
ingsona
short,spa rseandinconsp icuousse tae. Headpa rt
ial
ly b
la ckba ckground .Adu l
tsand larvaefeed mo st
lyonaphids
concea ledbyp rono tum ,distinct
lyna rrowe rthanap ical occu r
ringong rassesandtussock ,buta reknownf roma
pronotal ma rg
in;eyesreduced ;antennae10 -segmen ted, w
ide rrangeo fp lants. Recorded w idelyove rboth ma
in
w
ithaIa rge1 -segmen tedclub;p ronotumt rape zo
ldal,wi
th islandsandf romsma lle
rislandsc loseoffshore
,fromnear
large,longitudinallyelonga tepun ctat
ion;elytraw i
thnarrow sea leveltosuba lpine.
epipleura,andw i
th6rowso fsetosepunc turesone i
ther
s
ide .Adu ltsreco rdedf romro t
ten woodbu riedinea r
th, [57
]Cory
lophidae
:Se r
icoder
inae
unde rdeep lybu rieds tones ,andf romdeepp i
tfa
llt
raps F
ig.207Anisomer
istessharpi Ma
tthew
s
sealedo ffa tthetop .Anin troducedhypogea lEuropean Asma l
l,denselypubescent,glossy,b r
igh
to rangebeetle
spe c
ie s
,re cordedf romL ynfie
ld,Au ckland. 1.2-1
.4 mmIong . Headconcea ledbyf rontofpronotum;
antennae10 -segmented,w i
tha3 -segmen tedclub;p ro
-
[53]Bo
thr
ide
ridae
:Both
rider
inae notum withhindang lesstronglyproducedpos te
riorly
;
F .202Asce
ig tode
resobsole
tus (B
roun
) ely
tra wi
thoutstriae
,sligh
tlytrunca te
,expos ingpa r
tof
A medium -sized,elongate-ova l
,sligh
tlydep ressedbee t
le pygid
ium;2ndta r
salsegmen tbi
lobed.Foundonandunde r
5.0
-6.0 mm long,da rkbrowntob lackw i
th mostofsu r
face leafl
it
terattheba seofsedgesandf lax,andincoastalcl
if
f
coarsel
ypun c
tate.Antennae insertedinfrontofeyes,w i
th vegeta
tionaroundAu ck
land.
a2-segmen tedc lub;pronotumw itha med ialimpress
ion ;
e
lytrastr
iate ;legsstout,thesegmen tss imple.Adultsare [58]Co r
tica r
i
idae:La thrid
iinae
occasionallyfoundunde rba rkofdeadt reetrunks. Col
- F
lg.208En icmuscav iceps B roun
lectedNo vembe rto March.Re cordedfromtheNe lsona rea Asma ll
,e longate-oval
,g lossyb lackbeetle1.9-2.0 mm
(severalreco rds)toInvercargil
l. Iong.An tennaes tra
igh t
,w i
fha3 -segmentedblackclub;
e
lytralintervalsconvex ,w ithin terva
ls3and5cos ta
te
[54]Ce ry
lonidae :Euxes t
inae poster
ior
ly ,andinterval7cos tatethroughout. Occu
rsin
Flg.203Hypodacne l
larub iceps (Re
r it
ter) leafli
ttera tthebaseo fsedges .Foundf requen t
lyinthe
Asma ll
,oval,strong
lycon vex,glab rousbee t
le2.0-3.0 mm Aucklanda rea,andappa rentlyw idelyd
ist
ributed
.
long,da rkb rownandg lossy w ithappendagesredd ish.
Heads l
ight
ly incl
ined
,na r
rowe rthanp ronotum ;antennae [59]Myce tophagidae : Mycetophaginae
10-segmen tedw i
tha2 -segmen tedroundc lub,andped ice
l Fig
.209T r
iphy l
lush isp
ide lus(B
l roun)
andscapeasymme t
tical
;p ronotumt rapezoidal,sinuate Asma ll
,ova l
,slight
lydep ressedbee t
le1 .8 -1
.9 mmlong ,
basally;elytra wi
thfinepunc tu res;abdomen w ith1s t b
lackw ithan tennaeandlegsye llowish;fine,sho r
tb lack
ventr
itebea r
ingfemo rall
ines;5 thven tr
itew i
thfinelatera
l pubescenceandpa ler-co
lou redspotsone lyt
ra.An tennae
expansions .Adu l
tsoccu rinlea fli
tterando the rorganic s
lende r,witha3 -segmen tedclub,thesegmen tss imple
.
l
itter
.P redom inant
lyfromtheNo r
thI.,butsomereco rds Beateno rsweptfrom manu ka (L
eptosp
erm ums copa
rium)
fromtheNe lsonarea. ando thershrubs ;alsoonrushes .Adu lts we reoriginal
ly
d
iscove redat Whanga re
iHeads ,andla te rrepo r
tedf rom
[55]Endomychidae
: Mycetae
inae TheNo isesIs, Mokoh inauI.,andseve ralloca l
it
iesinthe
F .204Myce
ig taeasubter
ranea (Fab
ric
ius
) Nel
sona rea.
Asma l
l,oval
,ha iry
,reddishbee t
le1 .7-2.0 mmIong ,wi
th
sparsepro
trudinghairs.Pronotums inuatebasal
ly,w i
than [60
]Archeocrypt
icidae
impressedlaterall
ineone itherside;elytrae
longa te
,with F
lg.210A rcheocrypt
icustopa
li Kaszab
d
ist
in c
tshoulders
.Anad ven
tivespe cies
,knowna sa minor Asmal
l,uni
form
lyoval,fine
lypubescentbeet
le2.7
-3.5 mm
pest
intempe rateregions
,feedingon mou ldsinstoresand Iong
,da rkbrowntonea r
lyblack. An
tennae witha3 -
ce
llars
.Reco rdedfromtheNe lsona rea
. segmentedclub;prosterna
lprocessab rup
tlyexpanded
ap
ica
l
ly.Int
roduced
intoNewZea landf
romSou thAmerica
.

—
177—
[61]C
iidae:C
iinae ten
tat
ive
lyass
ignedtoth
isspec
ies
.Reco
rdedf
rombo
th
F .211C
ig iszee
landicus Re
itte
r ma
inis
lands
.
Asma l
l,sub cyl
indricalbeetle1.8
-2 .0 mmlong,darkbrown ,
wi
thsho rtbristles.An ter
io r ma
rg inofhead w i
th2b lunt [65]Colyd i
idae: Colydi
inae
teeth;antennaew itha3 -segmen ted,looselyfo
rmedc lub
; Fig.216Rh izoniuman iquumSha
t rp
pronotumb road lyroundedan ter
iorly,approxima tely Asma ll
,na rrowlyova lbee t
le1 .9-2.0 mmlong ,s
ligh
tly
stra
ightatbase ;elytra wi
thcon fusedrowso fpunctures. depressed,w i
thuppe rsu r
facebea ringdenseandcoa rse
Adultsandla rvaea reoftenfoundtoge therincyl
indrical punctu
res.An tennaew i
tha loo se3-segmentedc lub
;ba sa
l
tunnelsina rtists
'she l
ffungus(Ganode rmaapplanatum )
, antennalsegmen tfu
llyvisiblefromabove ;e lyt
ra mos
tly
bu tadultsa lsooccu rinthefo restcanopyandless subparal
le l
;legssho rt
.Adu ltsoccu rinrachidesofdead
frequentlyinl i
tte
r.Afa irlycommonspec ies,widelyd is
- leaveso fthetreefernCya theadealba , and
ta indecay
ing
tr
ibuted. woodo fb road leaved woodyp lants. Wehaveseen
specimen sfromtheNo rthI.onl y
.
[62]Me
land
ryidae
: Me
landry
inae
F .212Hy
ig lobianubecu
losa Broun [66]U
lod
idae
A medium-sized,e longate-ova lbeet
le4 .3
-4.4 mmlong , F .217Sy
ig rphe
todes ma
rgina
tusPascoe
orange-b
rownva riegatedw ithda r
kbrown ,wi
thshor
terand A moderatelyIarge,b roadlyovalbee tle8 .0-9.0 mmlong ,
longerpubescence .Headben tunde rprono
tum;antennae sl
ight
lydep ressed ,w i
thintegumen tb rown ,bu tvar
iablein
w
ithoutad is
tinctclub;hindlegss toute
rthantheo the rs
, shapeandco lour;uppe rsu r
face withpa tcheso fscales
bear
ingIong,m inutelyserratetib
ialspurs
; meta
coxae large formingava riablepa ttern. Headpa r
tial
lyconcea ledby
andfla
t.Adults maybefoundadhe r
ingtotheundersideo f pronotum;eyesa lmos tc ircu
lar;antenna linser
tionsex -
decayinglogs , whe rela rvaep robablyfeedonfung i. posed;an tennaes lende r
,w i
thoutac lub;p ronotum with
Recordedfrombo th mainis lands,f
romnea rsealeve lto fron
tang less t
rong lyp roducedan te rior
ly;e ly
trabroad ,
montanehabita
ts. muchbroade tthanp ronotum .Adul
t s ma ybefoundc l
inging
totheunde r s
ideo flogs,bu taredif
fi
cu l
ttospo tbecauseo f
[63]Mo
rde
ll
idae: Mo
rdel
linae thei
rc rypticco lourpa ttern.La rvael iveinro ttenlogs.
F .213Mo
ig rdel
laantarc
tica Wh
ite RecordedfromtheCo romande lto MtHopenea rNelson.
Alargep intai
lbee tle13-17 mmlong ,black withcharac-
ter
ist
icwh ite mark
ingsone lytra.An tennaslight
lyserrate; [67]Cha
lcod
ryidae
pronotums inuatebasa l
ly;elytraroundedpos ter
ior
ly;Iast F .218Cha
ig lcodryava
riega
ta Red
tenbache
r
abdom inalsegmen tprolonged intoaterminalspine.Adul
t s A
l
a
r
g
e
,
l
o
s
y
b
e
tl
1
5
-
6
m
l
o
n
g
,
p
a
l
e
t
od
r
k
g
e
n
o
r
occurf requen tlyonf lowe ring manuka (Lep tospe
rmum greenishb rown ,oftenw i
th me tal
l
icre f
lect
ions ,andb rown
scoparium )o rrata(Me troside rosrobusta)infullsun,a re spotsone l yt
ra,bu tcolou rpa t
ternva r
iable;unde r s
ideda rk
veryac t
iveandgoodjumpe rs,andtaketof l
ightreadi
ly green isho rb rown ;apexo ffemo ra,tibiae,andta rsi
whend isturbed.W idelydist
ribu ted. darkened ;an tennaepa leb rown;do rsalsu rfaceo fhead
parallelto ma rginso feyes ,p ronotalsides ,andd isco f
[64]Rh
ipipho
ridae:Peleco
tominae e
lytraw ithsma llpatcheso fcoa rseye l
lowishpubescence .
F .214Rh
ig ip
istenalugubr
is Sha
rp Antennaes lende r,
la ck
ingac lub,withinsert
ion se xpo sed
;
A med ium-s
ized,elonga te
-oval
,blackish-brownan tle
red vertexbe tweeneyesbea r
inganimpunc tatea rea;e ly
tra
beetle6 -8 mmlong .An tennaelame l
latein ma le;eyes subpa rallelfor mos to fleng th;legss lende r
. Con f
inedto
kidney -shaped,pa rt
lysurroundingbaseo fantennae ; h
igh -rainfallforests, mos t
lyNo thofagus. Re cordedinthe
pronotumw ithsidesa rcua
teandbases inuate;elytraw i
th NorthI.fromthecen tra
lvo l canicplateauanda round We l
-
roundedap icesba re
lycove r
ing w
ings ,non -st
riate,w i
th l
ing ton,and intheSou thI.from Wes t
landandF iord
land .
def
initelongi
tudina
lridges.Adultshavebeenco l
lec tedby
beat
ingvege tat
ioninsumme r
;theyfl
yve ryreadily.La rvae [68]Teneb
rion
idae:Lagr
iinae
apparen t
lyarepredatory
,indeadwood .Re cordedf romthe F .219Chae
ig rodest
rachyscel
idesWh
ite
Nor
thI .andtheno rthernSouthl. A medium-sized,robust,stronglyconvexbee t
le6 .5-8
.6
mmlong ;colourpatternve ryvariable
,fromun icolorous
[65
]Colyd
iidae
:Co lyd
iinae darkbrowntotanw i
thda rker markingsonp ronotumand
F
ig.215Pr
istoderusantarc
ticusWh
ite e
lytra.Prot
ibiaestronglyexpandedan terolatera
lly,wi
th
A moderate
lyIarge,b road,ratherconvexbee t
le7 .8-8.0 tars
isubtermina
l; meso-and me tat
ibiaew i
thpa irsofstout
,
mmlong ,with mos to fsurfacebea r
ingsho r
tb r
istles. b
lunt,pegl
ikeapicalspines; meta
tarsiangledupwa rdsand
Antennae witha3 -segmen tedclub;la tera
l marginso f backwards —a l
l modif
icationsfor movingonloosesand .
prono
tumw ith4p rominentteeth
;elytra mo s
tlysubparal
lel
, Recordedf
romsand ycoa s
t sf
romtheFa rNo rthtoS tewar
t
w
ithfai
rlyir
regula r
,longitudinal
lya rrangede levations; I.
,oftenunde rseaweedo ro therbeachw rack.
abdominalstern
itesfu
lly movable.Adu ltsoccurons tand-
ingdeadtreetrunksandsome t
ime sunde rloosebark,often
w
ith moulds
.La rvaefoundinassoc iation wi
thadultsa re

—178—
[68]Teneb r
ionidae :Pimeliinae quadrate
;e ly
t rabroad-shoulde red,coarse
lypunctate,
Fig.220Ac t
izetaa lbata Pascoe w
ithoutst
rlae.Foundonfo res
tg row thinsummer.Adults
Asma l
l,pa le-colouredda rk
lingbee tle2 .8-3.0 mmlong ; arepol
lenfeede rs,andlarvaep robab lyl
iveunderloose
uppersu rfacecove red withpa leg rey
ish-wh itescales. barkofdeadb ranche
s.W idelydi
st r
ibutedf
romAucklandto
Headpa rt
lyconcea ledbyp rono tum ;eyescoa rse
lyfac - South
land.
eted;prono tumb road,w i
thf rontang lesbroadands light
ly
producedan ter
iorly;elytra withstriae;forelegsb roadly [71]Py roch ro
idae :P il
ipa lpinae
expandedfo rdigging,andh indleg sbea r
inglongb ristles
, Fig.225Exoca lopuspec t
inatusB roun
anadap ta
tionfo r walkingonsand .Livesinloo sesandon A med ium - s
ized,e longa tebee t
le4 .5 -5.5 mmlong ,sub -
beachesth roughou t NewZea land. paral
lel- s
ided w ithely t
ras l
ightlyb roaden ingpo ster
io rly,
glos
syb la ck,w i
thfinepube scen ce.Headna rrowedbeh ind
[68 ]Teneb r
ion idae:Teneb rion inae eyes,fo rminga mode ratelyna rrowne ck;eye sp rom inen t;
Fig.221M imopeuse longa tus (B rême ) maxi
llarypa lp withIa stsegmen tb roadlyt r
iangu la
r ;anten -
A
l
a
r
g
e
,
l
o
n
g
a
t
e-
o
v
l
,
.
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
l
y
c
on
v
e
x
d
a
r
k
l
i
n
g
b
e
t
l naese rrateinfema le,pe ctinatein ma le;p ronotums l
igh tly
11 -15 mmlong ,blacko rredd ish -black ;uppe rsurface transver se
,w ithseve ralimp ress
ion s;elytra withp rom inen t
closelypunc ta te,thein ters ticesbe tweenpunc tures shoulde rs,coa rselypunc tate,w ithou tst r
iae . Occursin
variable;su r
fa cedu l
lo rg lossy ,w itho rw ithoutappa rent foresteda reaso fG isborne ,Taupo ,Ta ranaki, We ll
ing ton,
microsculpture. Head w ithexpanded ma rg
inbe lowea ch andNe lsontoSou thland , ma in
lya thighe ra l
ti
tude s.
eyefo rm ingacan thus ;an tennae w ithanind is
tinct5 -
segmen tedc lub ;prono tumt ransve rse,thefron tangles [72 ]Sa lpingidae:Salp ing
inae
produced ,w i
thou tstriae ;legss lende r.Adultsusuallyfeed Fig.226Sa lpingusb ilunatusPascoe
ondeadvege tab ledeb ris,bu tind rycond it
ionsfeedon Asma ll
,e longa te-ovalbee t
le2 .0 -2.2 mmlong ,w i
tha
l
ivingp lantti ssue .Wide lyd i
st r
ibu ted,pa rti
cular
lyincoa sta
l d
is t
inct'wa ist'be tweenp rono tumande lytra,yellowish
locali
tiesunde rc reepingcoa stalp lan t
ssu cha spohuehue . brown w i
th3b lackspo tsone lytra,thespo tsvariablein
lnAu ck
landandonsomeo ff sho rei s
land scommonunde r shape ,andsome timesfusedtoge ther
.An tennae w i
tha
stonesinc rater sofex tin c
tvo l canoe s. b
l ac
kish4 -
s e
gm ente
dclub;pron
otumw ithlar
ge,d eep
pun ctures;elytra wi
thou tdis
tin c
ts tr
iae,bu tw ithslight
ly
[69]P rostom idae irregularrow so fcoarsepun c
ture s
.Adu ltsfrequentlyfound
Fig.222D ryoco rahow it
ti Pascoe bybea tingsc rubbyfo restgrow thinsumme r.W idely
A medium -sized,elongatebee t
le6 .0
-8.0 mmlong ,sub - d
istributed.
paral
lel,dep ressed,usua l
lyredd ishbrown . Head with
poster
iorlyp roducedlobesbeh indeyes ;pronotume lon- [72 ]Sa lpingidae :Inopep l
inae
gate;elyt
rafa int
lypunctate-
str
iate
.Adu l
tsandla rvae may Fig.227D iag rypnodes wake fie
ldi Wa terhouse
befoundinlog so fr
imuandh inau,indampc revicesbe - A mode ratelyla rge,elongate,s t
ronglydep ressedbee tle
tween woodb locksinthe moist
,deepreds tageo fdecay. 5.0-10 mmlong ,glabrous,paleb rown w ithdarkere lytra.
W
idelyd i
str
ibu ted. Heade longa tebeh indsma lleye s;antennaef i
liform,w ith
scapeen larged ;pronotums tronglyna rrowedpo s
te r
io r
ly ,
[70 ]Oedeme ridae: Oedeme rinae trunca teap i cal
ly;elytrasho rtened,sligh t
lyconvex ,w ith
Fig.223The lyphassal inea ta(Fab ric
ius ) apexb roadlyrounded ,leavinga tlea st4abdom inalseg -
A
l
a
r
g
e
,
l
o
n
g
a
te
-
o
v
a
l
x
b
e
t
l
18
-
2
0
m
l
o
n
g
,
s
l
i
h
t
y mentsexpo sed .Found withlarvae ,alsove rydep res sed,
depressed,w ithintegumen tso ft
.Headp roducedinf rontof unde rloo seba rkofdeadt runk sandb ran ches,feedingon
eye s
;antennaelong ,paleye l
low ishb rown,w ithoutac lub, decayedcamb ialt
issues.W idelydist
ribu ted,andre co rded
thesegmen tssubcy lindrical,w ithscapefu llyexposed ; fromth eCh ath amI s
.
pronotum withada rk medians tr
ipe;e lyt
ra withdarkla tera
l
longitudinals t
ripes,coar selyandc lo se
lypun c
tate,w ith2 [73 ]Anthicidae :An thicinae
indist
inctlongitudina
lco stae.Adu lt
sa refoundonf lowe rsof Fig.228An thicushespe r
iK ing
nativesh rubs , wheretheyp robab lyfeedonpo l
lenand A med ium - s
izedan tbee tle3.5 -4.0 mmlong ,black wi
th
nectar.Occasionallytheyo c
cu rinro tten woodonthefo res
t orange -yellowe lytra
lspo tsandpos teriorprono tum ;
f
loo r
.Larvaeliveinwe tro
t tenwood .W idelydistr
ibuted,w i
th pubescencespa rse. Headsubpa rallelbehindeyes ,then
recordsfromS tewartI.andtheCha tham s. ab rup t
lycons trictedin toana r
towneck ;eyessma ll;
an tennae w ithou tac lub ; maxil
la rypalps w i
thbasa l2
[71]Pyroch ro
idae :P i
lipalpinae segmen tssma llandcy l
ind r
ical ;p ronotumna rrowed
Fig.224Techmessaconco lorBa tes po ster
iorly
;e lytra withpronoun cedshou lders,almosttwice
A medium-sized,elonga te,subpa ra
lle
l-s
idedbeetle5.0- prono talw idth ; metacoxaesepa tatedby mo rethanone
6.0 mmlong ,sl
ightlydep ressed
,cove red w
ithf
inepub - coxa lwid th. Reco rdedin Auck landf romapaddock ,
escence. Headna rrowedbeh indeyes ,formingab road heaped -upcoa rsep runing s
,andas t reambedinthebu sh.
neck;eyesp rominen t
;an tennaese rra
te;Ias
tsegmen tof A
l soknownf romNe lson,andp robab ly w
idelydist
ributed.
maxi
lla
rypa lpbroad lytriangular
;p ronotumsma l
l,sub-

-179
-
[73]An
thic
idae:Lag
rio
idinae mmlong ,s l
ight
lydep ressed,withbodyso f
tandf rag
ile,
F .229Lag
ig rio
idabrouniPascoe pubescent,paleyel
loww ithdar
kb rown mar k
ingsonelyt
ra.
A medium-sizedantbee
tle4.0-5.5 mmlong,orangew i
th Heads l
ightlyt
ransverse,def
lexed;eyesC -shaped,part
ly
reddishhead ,orheadandp ronotumb rown wi
the ly
tra surroundingan tennalbase;antennaef il
iform; maxi
l
lary
mott
ledyellowandb rown;legsandan tennaeye llowto palps withlastsegmen tbroadlyexpanded ;pronotum
orange;antennalc
lubsometimesda rke
r.Associa
tedw i
th s
tronglytransverse,with2sma l
lbasa limpress
ions;elyt
ra
coastalsanddunes ,and maybefoundbenea thbeach w
ithconfu sedpun c
tat
ion,Iack
ings tr
iae
;tib
ialspurssma l
l,
debr
is.Reco rdedf
rombo th mainis
lands,StewartI.
,and w
ith minutepubescence .Frequentlyfoundonfo l
iageand
theCha thams. f
lowe rsinsumme r.Widelydis
tr
ibutedonbo th mainis
lands.

[73]An
thic
idae
:Lemodinae [76]Ce
rambyc
idae:Prion
inae
F .230Co
ig tescr
isp
i (B
roun) F .234P
lg r
ionoplusre
ticu
lar
isWh
lte
A mode ratelysma llantbee t
le2 .9 -3.1 mmlong ;head , Thehea v
iestNewZea landbee t
le,40-50 mm long,though
pronotum,andbaseo felytraredd ish;rema indero fely
tra l
ike mos tothe rwood -borersvar
iableinsizedepend ingon
orange,w ithab rownt ransve rsespo t med ial
ly;appen - thenu t
ri
tiono fthelarva ,darkbrown w i
thare ticu
late
dagesye l
low ,glossy;pubescence mode ratelydenseand yel
low ishpa tternone lyt
ra.Bodye longa te,somewha t
yel
low . Headna rrowlycons tr
ictedbeh indeyesin toa depressed ;an tennaea lmostaslongasbody ;prono tum
narrowneck ;eyesla rge
,p ro t
ruding;an tennaeinc rassate w
ithlateral marginbea r
ingspines;ventra
lsu r
fa ceco vered
apical
lybu tw i
thou tadistinctc lub;basa l2segmen tsof w
ithdensepubescence ;legslongands lende r
.La rvae
maxi
lla
rypa lpw i
thsma l
lp roject
ion s;prono tumcon st
ric
ted at
tack ma inlydeadcon ifers
,especial
lyrad iatapineand
nearba se
;e lyt
raw i
thoutdistinc
tshou lders,le s
sthantw ice r
imu ,bu tarerepo rtedalsofromwa tt
le;theyrequ irewood
pronotalwidth. Col
lectedunde rPho rm iumtenax ,A ste
lia w
ithah igh moisturecontent.Adul
tsdono tfeed ,ut
il
i s
ingfat
banksi,andGahn
i iase t
ίfolίa.O riginal
lydesc r
ibedf rom reserve s
laiddownb ythelarvae.Huhug rub swereon cea
Parau,andw ide
lyrecorded intheNo rthI. s
ignif
ican tfoodresou rcefo r Mao
ri. Recordedf romthe
K
er
m
ad
e
c
Is
t
oS
t
ew
ar
t
I.
,
o
f
te
na
t
l
i
gh
t
.
[73]An
thic
idae: Mac
ra t
riinae
F .231Mac
ig ra
triaex
ilis Pascoe [76
]Cerambyc
idae:Ce
rambyc
inae
A medium -s
izedantbee t
le4.0-4
.2 mm long,da rkbrownto F
ig.235Zo
rionsp.
nearlyb lack w
ithbasa lan tenna lsegmen tsandlegs Asma lllongho rn6 .0-7.0 mmlong ,reddishb rown wi
th
reddishb rown;prono tumande lytracoa rselypunctate
. yel
lowishspo tsone lyt
ra,occur r
ingonthe Can terbury
Headab rupt
lyconstr
i c
tedbehinde ye sintoana r
rowne ck; Pla
ins.The rea reseve ra
lendem ic Zoionspe
r ciesinNew
eyesIarge ,pro
truding;antennae w ithaloose lyformed, Zealand,allsma llands t
rik
inglycolour
ful
,pubescen to r
indist
inct,3-segmen tedclub; maxil
la rypalps wi
thbasal a
lmo stglabrou s(e.g
.,bluew i
tho rangespots
,o rangewith
segmen tsbea r
ingtriangularproject
ions ;pronotumova l
, yel
lowspo ts)
,bu tbecauseo ftheirsmallsizetheya re
w
ithbaseandapexb road;e lyt
ta w ithp ronounced frequen t
lyove r
looked .Adultscanbefoundfeed ingin
shoulders,almos
ttw icepronota
lw idth; metacoxaealmost nat
iveflowe rs
.Reco rdedfrombo th ma
inislands.
touching.Beatenfromfoliagein midsumme r
,andfoundon
sedges.Reco rdedfromnea rsea levela roundtheNo r
thI. [76
]Cerambyc
idae
:Cerambycinae
F
ig.236Oemonahi
rta (Fab
ric
ius
)
[74]Ade
ridae Alar
g
e
,
s
u
b
c
y
l
i
n
d
o
h
r
et
l
1
5
-
2
m
o
n
g
,
F .232'Xy
ig ioph
ilus
'ni
tidusB
roun mattdar kbrownw i
ths cutel
lumande yesorange.An tennae
Asma ll
,e longate-oval
,s l
ightlydep ressedbee t
le1.9 -2.0 s
lende r,aslongasbodyo rnear
lyso ;p ronotum w i
th
mm long ,blackw i
thlegsandan tennaeye llowi sh
,pun ctate, irregulartransversegroo ve s
;ely
trawi
thouts t
riae,co vered
c
lo thed w i
thg reyishrecumben tha irs. Heads t
rong ly w
ithcoa rseb rown ishpubescence .Adultsco l
lectedby
narrowedbeh inde yesintoad ist
inctne ck;e ye sprominen t, bea t
ingfo restgrow thdu r
ingsumme r,oroccas ionallya t
coa rselyfaceted;an tennaes l
ight
lyb roaden ingap ically, light.La rvaea t
tack many woodyp lants,bo r
ingin tolive
w
ithte rminalsegmen tenlargedandova l;p rono tumsma ll, woodo fc i
trustrees(hen cethecommonname '
lemont ree
hal
fo fe lyt
ralwidth;ely
trab road,w i
thadep re ssionbeh ind bo rer
'),g rape,andva r
iousna t
ivep lants,espec ial
ly
shou lders ,punctatebu tw ithouts tr
iae ;hindt ibiae w ith rang iora. Recorded mos tlyfromtheno rthernha lfo fthe
sharpap icalprocesses.Adu ltsoccu ronfo liageo fMe ryta NorthI.anda roundNe lson intheSouthI.
sinclair
ii(Th reeK ingspuka )ando thersh rubs ,andone
spec imen wasfoundinarob in'snes t.D iscovereda t [76
]Cerambyc
idae
:Lamiinae
Northco te,Auck land,andsubsequen tlyreco rdedf rom F
ig.237Xy
loto
lescos
tipennis(B
reun
ing
)
Lynfieldandf romLadyA l
iceI.,HenandCh ickensg roup . A
mo
de
r
a
t
el
y
l
ar
g
e
,n
a
r
ow
l
yo
v
a
l
,c
o
n
ve
x
lo
n
g
ho
r
n
be
e
t
le
8.0-14 mmlong ,w i
thprothoraxcy
lind
rical
,subglabrous,
[75
]Scrap
tiidae palebrowntoda rkbrownw ithpa
tcheso fpa
ler
,ye l
lowish
F
ig.233Nothote
lusus
ita
tus (B
roun
) pube scenceons ideso
fp ronotumand4na r
rowlyelongate
A mode
rate
lysma
l
l,e
longa
te-ova
lleap
ingbee
tle2
.9-3
.0 spotsone lytra
.Heado rienteddownwa rds
;eyess t
rongly

-180
-
emargina
te;antennaelonge
rthanbody
, inse
rted
in [77]Ch rysome lidae:C ryptocepha l
inae
ema rginat
iono feyes ;pronotumcy lind
rical
;elyt
ra w
ith Fig.242A rnomusb rouniSha rp
incon sp
icuousshoulders,broade
stinba salha
lf;
legss
tout
. A mode rate
lysma ll
,sub cy
lindricalbeetle2.5-3.5 mmlong
,
Recorded mainlyfromAuckland,Co romandel,andNor
th- rustbrown w i
th6ap ica
lan tenna lsegmen tsdarker
,and
land. of
tenda rkerhead ,legs,andbody ma rgins;denselyand
coarselypunc tate.Eyeseven lyconvex ;p ronotumema r
-
[77 ]Chrysome l
idae :B ruchinae g
inatedandw ithoutteeth
;p ygidiumu sual
l ypar
tlyexposed
.
Fig.238B ruch idiusv i
llosus (Fab ric
ius) Col
lectedbybea ting manuka (Lep tospermums copa
rium)
Asma ll,ovatebeanbee t
le1 .7-3
.5 mmlong ,pubescent, inflowe r
. Reco rdedfroma roundAuck land,andinthe
s
lightlyglossy. Heada lmos ten t
ire
lyconcea ledbypro- Nel
sona rea.
notum ;an tennae w ithIas t4o r5segmen tsen la
rged;
pronotumsem icircularan te
rior
ly,sinuatebasa l
lyandwith [77]Ch
rysomel
idae:Eumolp
inae
pube scenceform ings inuatepatternsin media
lpa r
tofdi
s c
; F .243Euco
ig lasp
isbrunnea(Fabr
icius
)
e
ly t
rab roadandsho rtened ,expos ingpyg idium,with A medium -sized,elonga te-ovalbeetle4 .8
-5.0 mmlong ,
d
istinctst
riae; me tatibia wi
thaninconsp icuousposter
ior yel
lowishb rownbu tva riable,rang
ingf romda rkbrownto
spine.Int
roducedf romtheUn itedKingdomfo rcont
rolof brownish-ochreous
,u sual
lyw i
thab lack
i shstr
ipedownthe
broom(Cy ti
su ss copa r
ius). sutureandoneone ithe rsideo felyt
ra . Uppersu
rface
st
ronglypunc tate
;an tennaef i
li
form.Commonon manuka
[77]Ch rysome l
idae :Ch rysome linae (Leptospermumscopa r
ium ),especial
ly whenflowering,
Fig.239Ch ryso linahype r
iciFo rster andonthefo l
iageofo thernativet
ree sandsh rubs.B
ron ze
A medium -s
ized ,broadlyo va
l leafbee t
le5.0-7.0 mm long , beet
lelarvae inhab
itso i
l,espe c
ial
lyunde r manuka.Widely
meta
llicgreeno rb lackish me tal
licg reen
. Headdeep ly d
i s
tr
ibuted.
inser
ted intop rothorax;antennaesho rt
,broad lyseparated
basal
ly;prono tumt ransverse,s l
ightlyemargina teapical
ly, ]Nemonych
[78 idae:Rhino
rhynchinae
s
inuateba sal
l y
,a lmo s
tequa linw idthtoely
tra;e ly
trabroad, F
ig.244Rh
inorhynchusru
fulus (Broun
)
roundedpo ster
iorly,wi
thfine,den sepun c
tat
ionand large, Asma llweev i
l2.0-2.8 mm long,narrowlyoval,rustbrown
sparsepun ctures indoublecon fu sedrow s
;leg sstout,with toda rkb rownw i
th mode rate
lydense ,decumben t,yel
low -
a
l
lt
ib
ia
es
imi
l
ar
l
yde
ve
lope
d
.In
t
rodu
ce
di
n
toNe
wZea
l
and ish-greypubescence .Headab rupt
lycons t
rictedinfrontof
forbiologicalcon t
rolo fStJohn 's wort(
Hyp
er
i
cu m
)
,a
n
d eyesin toana rrow,apica l
lyfla
ttenedrostrum ;antennae
nowes tabl
ished . insertedinap icalhal
fofros trum,stra
ight,withaloose3 -
segmen tedclub;p ro
thotaxaslongas w ideo rlonge rin
[77 ]Ch rysome l
idae : Gale rucinae(A lt
icin i) male,as w ideaslongo rslight
ly widerinfema le;elytra
Fig.240Agas icleshyg roph i
la Se lman&Vog t d
istinctlystr
iate;hind wings welldeveloped .Adu l
tsa re
A med ium -s
ized ,elonga te -ovalfleabee t
le4 .5-5.0 mm associa ted w
ithPodoca rpacae ,andla rvaea repo llen
long ,b lackw i
thbaseo fan tennaeye l
lowishred ,andw ith feede rsin maleinflo
rescenceso fpodoca rps. Recorded
long i
tud inalU-shapedwh i
tish-yel
lowspo t sone l
ytra;uppe r fromtheFa rNo r
thtoS tewa r
tI.
surfacedense lypunc ta te,thepunc turescon fused .
Antennaeapp roxima tedbasa l
ly;p ronotumsubquad rate, [79] An thr
ibidae : An thribinae
d
istinctlyna rrowe rthane lytra;latera
l ma rgino fp ronotum Fig.245Sha rpiusvenus tus(B roun )
and med ia
l margin sofelytrasubpa ral
lel
;e lytraw i
thd is
tinct A mode ratelysma l
l,e longate-ova lfungusweev i
l3.1-3.4
shou lde rs;legsrobus t; me tafemo raswo llen. A Sou th mmlong ,pubescen tandsca led;in tegumen tblack w i
th
Ame ricanspec ies int
roduced intoNewZea landf romAus - bri
l
liantc reamando range ma rk ings. Head w ithrostrum
tra
liafo rbio
logicalcon trolo fal
ligatorweed(A l
ternanthera longe rthan w ide,expandedap ica l
ly;an tennaes traight,
phylloxe ro
ide s
),andnowwe l
les tabl
ished inNo r
thland. w
itha3 -segmen tedc lub,thebasa lsegmen tsymme tr
ica l
andsegmen t8e longa teands lightlyna rrowedap ica l
ly;
[77 ]Ch rysome lidae : Gale
rucinae(Ga leruc ini) pronotums light
ly longe ro rsl
ightlysho rterthanw ide,w ith
Fig.241Adox iavu lgaris (Broun) transve rsecarinas lightlycurvedandla teralca r
inasho r
t;
A med ium -sizedbee tle3 .0
-6.0 mmlong ,w ithhead ,pro- pygidiumrugosein ma leandpunc to-aspe rateinfema le.
notum ,ande lytraun iformlyyel
lowishrus t
-brown ,o rhead Beatenf romva riousna t
iveand introducedsh rubs.W idely
brown ,prono tumo range -ye
llow,andelytraoliveo ryel
low- d
istributedonbo th ma inislands ,from Ro toehu S tate
ishb rownw ithda rkb rownedge s
;appendage su sual
lydark ForesttoIn vercargil
l
.
brown .Uppe rbody mode ra
telyconvex,glab rouso rnear
ly
so,dense lypunc tate,thepunc turesfine ;headand [79
]Anth
ribidae
:Chorag
inae
pronotumd ist
inc t
lyna r rowerthanelyt
ra . Collectedfrom F
ig.246Dysnocryp
tuspal
lidus B
roun
rottenb ranches(e .g.,Podocarpus),in florescenceso f Asmall
,oval,pubescen
tfungusweevi
l1.2-2
.3 mmlong,
rangio ra(B rachyglottisrepanda),andbea tenf romsh rubs
. var
iegatedredd
ish-b
rownandye l
low,of
tenw i
thb
lackor
W
idel ydistr
ibu teda cro sstheNo r
thI.andno rthe rnSouthI. darkbrown mark
ings,ra
relyent
ire
lyblack
. Head w
itha
shor
t,broadrostrum;antennaestra
ight
,witha3-seg-

—181—
rentedclub,thebasa lsegmen tasymme tr
ical
;pronotum browno rb rowntoa lmos tblack w i
thspa rse, mode rately
w
iderthanIong ,witht ransversebasalcar
inatermina
ting long ,yellowi sh-greypube scence.Headandp ronotumw ith
abrup
tlyatlatera
l marg in
,andla te
ralcar
inaabsent
;elyt
ra meshed m icrosculpture;ros trume longate,narrow;an ten -
e
longa te
,w i
ths tr
iaecon tain
inglargepunctures
.Adu l
ts naes
l
i
gh
t
lyge
n
ic
u
la
te
,i
n
ser
t
edne
arm
id
d
leo
f
ro
st
ru
m,
havebeenco llec
tedf romlea fl
it
terandbeatenfromdead withscapea lmos taslongasrema inde rofan tennaand
honeysuck
le.D is
tr
ibuted inthesouthernpar
toftheNor
thI. c
lub3 -segmen ted;p rono tumna r
rowe rthane lytra
,s l
igh t
ly
andno r
theasternSouthI .,inc
lud
ingsomeo ffsho
reis
lands elonga teandcon tractedan ter
iorly;ely
t raovalinou t
l
ine ,
(StephensI.,D'Urv
il
lel .,andChe twodeIs)
. w
ithcoa rsel
ypun ctatestriaeandcon vexinters
tices.Adu lts
occu ronfo liageo fpohu tukawa(Me t
ro s
idero sex ce
l sa)
,
[80]Be
lidae
:Be l
inae andla rvaelivesubco r
ticallyinb ranchlets.Reco rdedf rom
F .247Cy
ig rotyphust
ridens (Fab
ric
ius
) No r
thlandtoAu ck
landandtheCo romande larea,including
A
l
a
r
g
e
,
i
r
e
gu
l
a
r
y
s
h
a
p
e
d
we
v
i
l
1
0
-
3
m
l
o
n
g
,
pa
l
e TheA ldermen , MercuryIs ,L i
tt
leBa r
rie
rI .
, OhenaI .,Hen
brown , most
lycoveredw i
thwh it
ishandp inkscales.Head a
nd
Ch
ic
k
e
ns
I
s
,C
op
pe
r
m
in
e
I
.
,a
nd
t
he
M
ok
oh
i
n
au
Is
.
andp ronotumna rrowerthane l
ytraandtaper
ingan ter
iorly
;
headno tcon st
ric
tedbehinde ye s
,withros
trum mode ratel
y [82]Cu
rcu
lion
idae
:B rachycer
inae
e
longa te,broad;eyesp rom inent;antennaestra
ight,w i
th- F
ig.251Anago
tusturbot
ti (Sp
il
ler
)
outac lub;pronotumtrape zoidal
;elyt
rabroad,tuberculate
, Alargeweevilupto24 mmlong ,b rowno rreddishb rown
narrowedsubap ical
ly;tarsa lsegmen t3s t
ronglylobed . w
ith whit
ishdo rsalspots, well ma rkedon m iddleand
Adultsarefrequen t
lyfoundindeadwoodo f manyk inds. poste
rio
rely
tra
;ventra
lsurfacewh i
t
i sh.El
yttawithlarge,
Reco rdedfromtheNo rthI.andno rthernSouthI. cone-shapedpos ter
iorp ro
tube rances .Adu lts maybe
foundintheb ranchesofna tivetrees(e .g.
,nga io),where
[81]Be
lidae
:Aglycyder
inae larvaeare mostl
ikelywood -borers .Surviv
ingon lyonrat-
F .248A
ig ra
lius wo
llas
ton
i (Sha
rp) freeo f
fshoreislandssuchastheTh ree K ings, Poor
A mode ratelysma l
l,elonga te,subpa ral
lel weev i
l3.0-3.2 Knigh
ts,and Muriwhenau intheHenandCh ickensg roup
.
mm long,du l
lb rown ,pube scen t
.Headab rup
tlycon str
icted
behindeyes ,w ithabruptpos ter
iorangles;ros trumsho rt
, [82
]Curcu
lion
idae:Brachycer
inae
broad,sho r
te rinfemale sthan in males;antennaes t
raight
, F
ig.252Manda
lotus m
irico
ll
is (Broun
)
w
ithad istinct2 -segmen tedc lub;pronotumapp roxima te
ly A med ium-sized ,na rrowlyova l weev i
l4 .0
-7.0 mmlong ,
subquad rate ;elytrastr
iate-punc tate
;ta rs
iw ith2ndseg - mat
tb rownish-g rey,u sua
l
l yva r
iegatedw i
th inconspicuous,
ments tronglylobed . Adultsandla rvae maybefound sma ll
,irregu la r
lyshapedpa lerspo ts.P rono tumand
benea thba rko fdeado rdy ingb rancheso ffive-f
inge r
. par
ticular
lye lytraw i
thsca tteredelonga tesca les
;rostrum
Apparen t
lyw ide lydis
tr
ibuted . broad,sho rt;an tennaes tronglye lbowed ;p ronotumas
broadase ly tra,w ith mo reo rlessd istincttransve rse
[81]B
ren
tidae
:Brent
inae wr
inkles;ely
traw i
th longi
tudinalsha l
lowr idges.O ccurson
F .249Las
ig io
rhynchusbarb
ico
rnis(Fab
ric
ius
) sandybeachesandcoas talvege tation,thoughoccas ion-
A
v
e
ry
l
a
r
ge
,
e
x
t
re
m
e
ly
n
a
r
o
w
ly
e
l
on
g
a
t
ew
e
v
i
l1
8
-
7
5 a
llyfoundinga rdensinc lustersoff lax. Reco rdedinthe
mmIong(ma le;fema le18 -47 mm ),punc tate,w ithlarge r Aucklandarea .
pun cturesone ly
tra;minuteye l
low ishpube scen ceonhead ,
prono tum ,ande lytraandadd it
iona lb rownandlonge r [82]Cu
rcu
lionidae:Cu
rculion
inae
pubescenceonros trum ,an tennae ,andta rs i
.Body ma t
t F .253And
ig racal
lesspurcus (B
roun
)
brownva r
iega ted withredd ish -b rownspo ts,insome Asma ll
,oval weevil1.9-2.4 mmlong , ma
ttbrown ,w i
th
spe c
imen salmo s
tuniformlyda rkb rown ;ro strume xt
reme l
y brownandpa le
rb rownp rojec
tings cale
s.Ro s
trumna rrow,
e
longa te
,sho r
terinfema lethan in ma le;an tennaes traight
, long;an tennaed ist
inct
lygen icu
late;pronotums light
ly
i
n
s
e
r
t
d
a
p
c
l
y
m
s
,
e
d
i
a
n
f
l
;
p
r
o
t
u
m narrowerthanelytra;ely
tra withscalesformingirregular
w
itha med iansulcus ;elytracons trictedsubap icallyin rows;legsstout
,w ithproject
ingsca les
.Adu l
tshavebeen
males ,evenlytape r
inginfema les;ta rs
ilong . Ov iposition col
lectedbybea t
ingAs teia sp
l .atdusk;alsofoundon
s
itesa reprepa redbyfema lesf rom Oc tobe rto Ma rchby pohutukawaandinb ryophytes indenseforest
.Reco rded
chew ingacav ityintheba rkofdy ingo rsupp ressedt rees fromNo rth
land
,Auck land,andtheBayo fPlenty
.
(kau ri,pigeonwood ,rewa rewa ,tawa ,ka raka )o rlogs .
New lyha tchedla rvaebo rerad iallyin tothe wood ,and [82
]Curcu
lion
idae
:Curcu
lionidae
enlargethetunne lastheyg row .Amb rosiafung iandyeas t F
ig.254Myr
tonymusze
landicus Kusche
l
grow inginthetunne ls mos tlikelyse rveasla rvalfood . Am inu
te,na r
rowlye longa teweev i
l0 .7-0.8 mmlong,pa le
Re cordedfromtheNo rthI.andno rthe rnSou thI .
, mo st
l yat yel
lowisho rredd ishb rown w ithappendagesusua llya
lowe ral
ti
tudes. shadepa le
r.Ro s
trum mode ratelyelongate,sparse
lypun c-
ta
te ;eyescomple te
l yredu ced;pronotum longerthanwide,
[81
]Bren
tidae
:Apioninae variab
lyandspa rselypunc ta
te;elytraflat
tened,withfine
F
ig.250Neocyba me
troside
ros (B
roun
) puncta
tionformingobso lescentstr
iae .Asfa rasisknown ,
Asma
l
l,py
ri
formweev
i
l1.8
-2.5 mmlong
,glossyredd
ish thisblindspec iesisthesma l
les t weevilinthe wo r
ld.

—182—
Consis
ten
tlyfounda roundthefineroot
letsofa
llnat
ive [82
]Curcu
lion
idae
:Sco ly
tinae
specieso
f Myrtaceae,i
toccu rsinthetop10cmo fsoi
l F
ig.258Hy
lastesa
ter (Paykul
l)
dur
ingwette
rcond i
tionsandatg rea
terdepth
,30-60cm, A medium-sized,narrowlyelonga te weev il3.5-6
.0 mm
dur
ingdryper
iods.Reco rdedf
romtheno r
thernNor
thI
. long,darkbrowntob lack,rare
lyredd ishb rown;antennae
andtarsiusual
lyreddishb rown.Prono tume longateand
[82]Cu
rcul
ionidae
:Cu rcu
lion
inae denselypunctate
,thepunc turesround ;e ly
tralpunctu
res
F .255S
ig tephanorhynchuslawson
iSha
rp round ,andfo rmings tr
iae,w ithsho rtinconspicuous
Asma l
l,dis
tinc
tiveweevil3.2-4
.8 mmlong,charac
terised pubescence.Found ma in
lyinindus t
rialtimbe randunder
byitslong,deep lyconstr
ictedhead,conicalprothorax, barko fPinusrad ta logs
ia . Recordedf rombo th main
tubercu
lateely
tra,ande x
traord
inar
i
lylonghindleg
s.The se is
lands,rangingfrom WaipouaS tateFo restto O
tago.
havestronglycurvedtib
iaeandfemo rawithalarge,
rectangu
lartooth,enabl
ingtheweev i
ltoclaspbuncheso f [82]Cu
rcu
lionidae:Sco
lyt
inae
f
lowe rstamensandrakepo l
lentowa rdsthe mou th. F .259Ph
ig loeosinuscupress
iHopk
ins
CommoninNo rthlandandtheno r
thernSouthI. Asma l
l, moderate
lysho rt weevi
l2 .8
-3.0 mmlong ,sub -
cyl
indricalwi
thfo rebodys l
ightlytape r
ingan teriorly,
[82
]Curcu
lionidae:Cosson
inae subglabrous w
ithinconsp icuoussho rtande rectse tae,
F
ig.256Macroscyta
lusremotus (Sha
rp) moderate
lyglossy.Headla rgelyconcealedbyp rono tum
Asma l
l,narrowlyelonga teweev i
l2.5-3.0 mmlong,glossy fromabove;rostrumsho r
tandb road;pronotumnarrow ing
yel
lowishredo rda rkredd ishb rown ;subglabrous,w ith ante
rior
ly,asbroadase lytraatbase ;ely
tra most
lysub -
inconspicuoussho rtande rectse tae.Ro s
trumlong,broad, pata
lle
l,wi
thdeep ,coarselypunc ta
testr
iae.Anadven tive
s
light
lyexpand ingap ical
ly;an tennaes trong
lygeniculate; spec
iesrecordedfromAuck landonCup re
ssustorulosa .
pronotuma lmostasb roadase lytra,roundedlateral
ly ;
e
lytra mostlysubpa ral
lel,w i
thangu larbasalanglesand [82
]Curcul
ion
idae
:P la
typod
inae
w
ithdist
inctpun c
tatestr
iae .Bea tenfromva r
ioust
ree s
,and F
ig.260Pla
typusapica
lisWh
ite
rearedfrom la
rvae inCop rosma ma c
rocarpa.Fi
rstrepor
ted A medium -sized,subcy lind r
ica l
,na r
row lyelonga teweev il
fromAuck land. 6-7 mmlong ,subpa ral
lel-sided ,g lossyredd ishb rownto
darkb rown . Rost
rumve rysho r
t;an tennae weak lygeni-
[82
]Curcu
lion
idae:Cossoninae culate,withab roadc lub ;p rono tums light
lye longa te,
F
ig.257Xenocnemaspinipes Wo
llas
ton rectangula r
,sha l
low lyema rginated med iolaterally;ely
tra
Asomewha tflat
tenedande longa te weevil3.0-4.8 mm subparal
lel,fine
lyst r
iate;ta rsilongands lende r
,w ithbasal
long,w i
thasho r
t,broadro st
rum ,elonga
tep ro
thorax,el
ytra segmen ts tronglye longa te.Adu ltsa refu l
ly winged ,and
w
ithwe l
l markedstr
iaeandpun ctat
ion,andhea vylegswith maybeco l
le ctedusing Ma laisetrap s.The ybo rein toaw ide
s
t rongtee
thattheape xo fthetibiae.Adult
sand larvaecon- rangeo fna tiveandexo tictrees , mak ingtunne lsabou t2
structgal
ler
iesunde rlooseba rko fAgath
isandA raucar
ia mm indiame teratrigh tang le stotheg rain.The sebe come
species.Restr
ic
ted indistr
ibut
ionbytheava ilabi
l
ityofhos t infected w i
thamb ros iafung i,on wh ichthela rvaefeed .
trees,andhencereco rded mos tlyfromnorthernlocal
it
ies. Occurswidel yonbo th ma in is
land sandontheCha thamI s
.

-183
-
 APPEND
IX1
:En
dan
ger
edb
eet
les
pec
ies APPEND
IX2
:Ma
joren
tomo
log
ica
lco
l
lec
t
ion
s
[mod
if
ieda
fte
r Mo
lloye
tal
.19
94] inNewZe
ala
nd
Anumb e
rofspecie
sa r
ea sye
tund es
cribed
,andar
e AMNZ Au
ckl
andIn
st
itu
te & Mu
seum
ref
erredtobyin
formalnamesorby`sp
.'Synonym
sand Pr
ivat
eB a
g9 2-
018,Auck
land
super
sedednamesar
einp a
ren
thes
es. At
tn:MrJohn W.Ear
ly,Cur
ato
rofEn
tomo
logy
Tel
:+6493090443Fax :+6493799956
•S ev
ensp ecie
sarel
i s
tedinCatego
ryA( h
i g
hestpr
iori
ty
Int
erne
t:e
arl
y@ akmus
.org
.nz
th
rea
te n
e dspec
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Geodor
cus(=Do rcus
)au r
icu
latus
,G.ithag
inis
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tonAve,Chri
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ta,P.lewis
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tn:SimonPol
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sa relis
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econdp rio
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T tehrl
eat
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neds peci+
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Amychusgranulatus
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Had
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lenus(=Cillenum )t
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P
rodont
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ta DeptofE ntom o
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M.pun ctellum ,M eg acol abu sscu lp turatus,M egadromu s MONZ Mu seumo fN ewZ ealandT eP ap aTong arew a
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ax :+6443817310
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Amy chu s1s p,B
. losyropu ssp ino su s
,B rulleaan tarctica, NZAC N ewZ ea
landA rthropodCo llection
carabid`K amo ',Eu connu sm icro cil
ip es
,E .p ar aci
lipes, LandcareR esearch, Moun tAlb ertR esearchC ent
re,
Holcaspisf al
c i
s,Lyp erob iu sc arin atu s
,M aorinu shunu - Pr
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teB ag9 2-170,A uckland
aeformi s+1s p
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9M .b rit
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M.mi nax,M .m o r
io,M .n iti dum,M .p avidum ,Μ .p lut
o,Μ . OMNZ O t a
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proximum ,M .pu lch ellum ,Μ .quo inen se,Μ .r ex
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haplopu s,M .`Om aram a'
,M .v irens+5s pp.
,M etablax1
sρ.,M imop eusp arallelu s,N esop ty chiassimp l
i ceps, Note.N ewZ ealandb eet
lesm ayb efoundinin st
i tut
ional
Neu raphaconnu sto ronou ii, No tha ldonu speace i, andpriva
tec ol
lectionsaroun dthew or
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Ocland iu sc inna raeu s,Pa ralis sote s mangonu ien s
is, BrounC o
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Paratorchu sa lifer
,P .f l exuo su s,P ericop tusf ront a
lis, heldattheN a
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eldM u
seum ,C hicago
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seto sa,P .`Tw izel
',S cia ch arisy ak asen s
is,S teph ano - yl
inidaeandL eiodidaefromN ewZ ealand.D espiten ame
rhyn chu sin so l
itu s
,Sy rph etod es1sp .
,T ang aron ap en- changesaff
e c
tings omei n
sti
t ut
ion s
,t heli
s tofrep osi
tori
es
sus,Ty ch anop aistub ero su s,Z eopo e ci
lus5o r6s pp. publ
ishedby W a
tt(1979 c
)i sstil
lau sefulintrodu ct
ion.

—
184—
 APPEND
IX3
K
eyt
otr
ibe
sofCa
rab
ida
einN
ewZ
eal
and
[
pro
vid
edb
yJ.F
.Law
ren
ce]

1C
lypeusbro
ad e
rthandis
tanceb e
tweenant ennalsock- -E
lyt
raw ithaninne
rl o
n g
itu
dina
lrid
g e
,it
sendvis
ible
et
s;eye
slargeandprotrud
ing;protib
iaw ith2spu rs beneathedg eofelytron
,levelwithapic
alendo f
te
rmina
l;la
tera
lprono
talcar
i n
aea b
s e
ntori n
com ple
te ep
ipleuron;headwithfron
talfu
rrowsnotext
ending
p o st eri orl y ... C ic
indel
in
i beh
inde yes ..
.10
—Clypeusnarrowerthandistancebetw e
enan t ennal
sock
ets
;w i
thoutoth
erch a
racte
rsincomb inat
ion...2 10
(9)M axi
lla
rypalpwithpenu
lt
im a
tesegm ents e
tose;
m
alepro
tars
iwi
th2s egment
sdi
l a
tedandd ent
ateon
2
(1)Met
epimeronnotv
is
iblebetweenpo
ste
rioredgeof i n n e r f a c e ... Z o
lin
i
me
tepi
ste
rnumandanter
ioredgeof1s
tv en
tri
te.
..3 —Maxi
lla
ryp a
lpwithpenu
ltima
tesegm en
tg labrous;
—M e
tep
imeronvi
sib
lea
salo b
eb e
tw e
enmet
e p
is
tern
um m
alepro
tar
siunm o
dif
ied
,oronlys
ligh
tlyso
and1s
tventr
it
e ..
.5 Psydrin
i

3
(2)Procox a
lc av
it
iesclos
edb ehind;apica
ls egm entof 11
(7)E lyt
raw ithap exround eda sasinglecurve
,or
maxi
llaryp a
lpslende
randfu s
iform;leng
thl essthan a cute
lyang ledatap ex; Abdom ina
lap exusua
lly
15m m ... Migad op
ini con cea
ledfromabov e;c
lor a
tionra
r e
lyy e
llowand
—Procox a
lc avi
tiesopenb eh
ind ;apica
ls egm entof b l a c k ... 1 2
m
axil
laryp alp mor
eorlessexp andedandt run c
ate —Elytr
aw ithapextransver
selyo robl
iquelyt
runca
te,
apica
lly;lengt
hm o
rethan15mm ..
.4 expo s
ingabdom inalapexf romabov e;colo
rat
ion
oftenyel
lowandb la
ck;bodyo ftenf
lat
tened
,o rw
ith
4
(3)M and
ibl
es mu
lt
ident
ate
,smoothonuppersur
faces; pr o
thora
xe l
o ng
atean dnar
r ow .
.
.1 5
clypeu
sw i
thou
tset
ife
rouspunc
t u
res . .
.Cychrin
i
—Mandib
lesnottoo
thed,rugos
eonupp e
rsu r
faces; 12
(11)Headwi
thasing
lepa
irofsup
rao
rbit
alse
tif
erous
clypeuswithase
ti
ferouspunctur
eate
achan t
erior p
unc
ture
s ..
.Harpa
lin
i
angle ...
Carabini —Headwit
h2pai
rsofsup
rao
rbi
tals
et
ife
rouspunc
ture
s
..
.13
5
(2)Bodyp edunculat
e,w ithadist
inct
,nar
roww a
i s
tor
pedun c
lebetw eenp rothor
axande ly
tra
;scut
ellum 13
(12)Clypeu
sem a
rginate
,w i
thap a
lem embranebet
-
ent
irelycontained w i
thinpeduncle
,notforminga w
eencly
peusandlabrum(usua
llyw
ith
inemarg
i n
at
ion)
;
wedge be t ween e ly tral bases. .
.6 m
andib
lesch a
racte
rist
ical
lybifu
rcat
e,withal a
rge
—B odyn o
tp e
du nc
ulate,orifsl
ight
lysothens
cut
ellum m
esa
ltooth
;labrumo ft
end e
eplyemarg
ina
te
extendingbehindp eduncleandforminga wedge Lic
inin
i
be
tw eenely
tra
lb ases .
..7 —Clypeusnotem arginate
,w i
thoutanobviousp a
le
m
em b
ranebetweenitandlabr
um .
..14
6
(5)M e
socoxa
lcav
iti
esopenl
ate
ral
ly,p
art
lyclosedby
mesep
imeron ..C
. l
ivinin
i 14
(13 )Elyt
r awithaninn erlongi
tudinalcar
in a
,it
sapical
—M esocoxa
lcav
iti
esclo
sedlat
era
llyby mee
tingo f endv is
ibleb e
lowl ate
r a
ledgetow ardsap ex
,causing
st
erna .
.
. B
roscin
i endo fepipl
e u
ront oappeartwis
te d
;c a
rinasomet
im es
concealedb yla
teraled g
eo fabdom en,whichfi
tsinto
7
(5)M andibl
esw ithaset
ife
rouspunc
tureincon
cavity ag rooveb etw eenitandep ipl
eu ralapex;m entum
(scrobe)alongoute
redge ...8 usua lly b ifid a t apex. ..P t er
ost
ichini
—Mandib
lesw i
thoutaset
ife
rouspun
ctur
einconcav
ity —E ly
traw ithoutaninn ercarinaor,i
fp resent
,notex -
(scrobe)alongout
eredge .
..1 1 tendingtolatera
le dge
;m entumu sual
lysim p
leorw i
th
as ing le med ianap icaltoo th. .. Agon in i
8
(7)Maxil
larypalpwithterm
ina
lsegmen
tverysma
ll
Bemb
idi
ini 15
(11)M entumsuppo r
tedonap ro je
ctingsubm en
tum ;
—M a
xil
lar
yp a
lpw it
ht e
rmina
lsegme
ntus
ual
lyabo
utas headno
tsh arplyconstr
ictedbehindey e
s;m and
ib les
longasp en
ultima
tes e
gment
..
.9 wi
thhol
lowo u
t e
rface;clawsoftenp e
ct
i n
ate
...Lebiin
i
9
(8)E
lyt
rawi
thou
taninnerlong
itudin
alr
idgebenea
th —W i
thoutap rojectingsubmen tum;headsha rply
ap
ica
ledge
;head wi
thf ron
talfur
rowsext
ending cons
tr
ictedb ehindey e
s;m andible
sw ithou
tho llow
beyondposter
ioredgeo feyes. .
.Tr e
chin
i outerface ;c lawss imp le...P entagonicini

—185
-
 APPEND
IX4
:Di
str
ibu
t
iono
fco
l
lec
t
ionr
eco
rds
forb
eet
lef
ami
l
ies
inN
ewZ
eal
and
(Nth
,Nor
thI
.;S
th,Sou
thI
.;S
tw,Stew
artI
.;Ke
,K e
rmadecIs
;3K,Thr
e eKi
ngsI
s;C
h,Cha
t h
am
I
s;Sn
,TheSna
resI
s;An,An
tipod
esI
s;Bo,Boun
tyIs
land;Au,Au
cklandI
s;Ca
,Campb
ellI.
).

F
ami
ly Nt h Sth St w Ke 3 Κ C h S n An Bo A u C
a
Aderid ae •
Agyrtida e •
Anobiid ae •
•
•
•
•
•
Anthicid ae •
Anthribid ae •
•
Arche ocrypticidae •
•
Be
lid ae •
Bostr
i chid a
e •
Bothride r
id ae •
Brentida e •
Bupre st
id ae •
Byrrhid ae •
Canth ar
id ae •
Carabid ae •
Cavogn athida e •
•
Ceramb ycidae •
Cerylonid ae •
•
Chaeto s
om at
id a
e •
Chalcod ryidae •
Chelon ari
id a
e
Chrysom e
lidae • •
Ci
idae •
Clamb ida e •
Cl
e r
id ae •
Cocc
ine
llidae •
Colydi
id ae •
Cortica
riid ae •
Corylophid ae •
Cryptoph a g
id a
e •
Cucujida e •
Curculionida e •
•
Derm es
tid ae •
Derodontid ae •
Dryopida e •
Dyt
iscida e •
Ela
terida e •
E
lm idae •
End omy chidae •
E
rot
yl
ida
e •

—186—
F a mil y Nth Sth St w Ke 3 Κ Ch Sn An Bo Au C
a
Eu cin et
id ae
Eu cn em idae • .

Gyrin ida e .9

Hete ro c
e r
ida e
Histe r
ida e
Hyd ra enida e
Hyd roph i
lidae
Jac ob son i
idae
La em ophloeidae .
•

Lan gu r
iidae • •

Leiod ida e
Limn ichida e
Lu can ida e • •
Lycida e
Meland ryidae
Mely rida e
M
ono
tom
ida
e
Mord el
lida e •

Mycet opha gidae

Nem on y chida e
Ni
tidu lida e
Nosod end r
ida e
Oedem e r
ida e
Phala crida e
Phloe ostich idae
Phyc os ecid ae • . 9

Prost om ida e
Pt
ili
ida e
Pt
iloda ctylidae
Pyro ch roida e
Rhipiph orida e
Rh y
s od ida e .9

Salpin gida e
Scaraba eida e
Scir
tida e
Scrap ti
ida e
Scydm a enid ae
Si
lvan ida e
Staph ylinida e
Teneb ri onida e
Trogida e
Trog os s
itida e
Ulodida e
—
187—
 TAXONOM
ICIND
EX
On
l ycoleopteranta xaareindexed,sin
ceo therorgan
i sms ment
ioned inthetex
t,e.g.
,ho sttaxa
,are
largelyde r
ivedf romo therpublishedsou rces.Namesa relis
tedinatypog raphicalhiera
rchy,as
fo
llows . CAP ITALS :taxaabovefam i
lyleve l
.Bo : the82fam
ld i
liestha toccurin NewZea land.
Normal:exoticfam i
l
ie s
,famil
ys ynonyms,sub fami
l
ies,tr
ibes
.Ita l
ic:genera,spec
ie s
.Pagenumbe rs
on whichataxoniskeyedou ta resuf
fixedk '
.Boldtypedeno testhepageon wh ichafam i
lyis
d
e
sc
r
i
b
ed
,a
n
dI
t
a
l
i
ct
he
p
ag
e
on
w
h
ic
h
at
ax
o
n
is
i
lu
s
t
ra
t
e
d
.

Ab
rae
inae24 An
thicus 63
:hespe
ri63
,159
,17
9
Acanthosce
lides 106:obtec
tus125 Anthren inae40
Across
idiustasman iae 31
,139,17
1 Anthrenoce rus 40 :aus tra
lis41
Acro
trich
inae25 Anthrenus 40 :ve rbasci40
Act
izeta 60
:a ta61
lba ,157,179 Anth r
ib idae 16 ,68 ,99k,106k,125 ,1
,164 86
Adel
i
ini61 Anthr
ib inae68 ,69k ,164
ADEPHAGA13 ,15,18 ,97
, 20 k,105k
,113
,114
,121
, Aphod i
inae30 , 31 k,139
122,126 Aphto ra 60
Ade r
idae64 , 101k,109k,160
,1 86 Apion 124
Adoxia125 :vulgais 67
r ,163,1 8
1 Apioninae16 ,69 ,70k,97 ,106k, 165
Adrastiac
la i 26
rke ,133 Aral
ius wo l
las toni 69,125,164,18 2
Aegial
itinae63 Archaeog lenes 98 :costipenn
is117
Aesalinae29 , 137 Archeoc rypticidae 13,56 ,102k,109k,155
,186
Agapy thinae13
,47k ,112k, 150 Archeo crypt
icu stopali 56,155,177
Agapy tho 101:foveico
lis47
l ,15,17
5 Archeog lenes 6 0
Agasicleshygrophla 67
i ,162,181 ARCHOSTEMATA13 ,15,122
Aga
thinu
str
iden
s124
,125 Arhopa lustrists6
i 5
Ag
lycyde r
inae69k ,97
,98,106k,164 Ar
idiusnod i
fe r5 5
Agnosthaetusv inus 27
ic ,136
,1 70 Arnomus125 :b rouni 67 ,1
,163 81
Agonini185 Arpediomimu skrone i127
Agrypninae37 ,144 Arthopus 5 9
Agyrtidae 12,25,103k
,111 k
, 132,186 Arthracanthus45
Ahasverus 48:advena48 Arthroips5
l 4
A
lemaspa t
iosa125 Artystona 61:e richsoni117
A
leocha ra 16 ,27 :hammond i27 ,135 ,169 Ascetode res 52:obso letus52,153
,177;payn
tei5
r 2
A
leocha rinae16 ,27,28k, 135 Asiis 38
l :fu lvi
tho rax38,145
,174;fumida124
A
llecu linae60 ,61, 126 Asphae r
ites 2 6
A
llocha ris125 A
toma r
i
inae50
A
lloc inopsb rookesi 58,126 A
ttagen
inae40
A
lph itob ius 6 1 A
ttagenus 40
A
lticini66 ,67 , 162
Ama rygmus 6 1 Baeoce
rascute
lla
ris 27,126 ,1
,135 70
Amp lec topuspa ll
icornis 32
,141 ,172 Bel
idae69,97,98 ,99k,106k
,124,125 ,1
,164 86
Amychus 184 :candeze i37,144 ,173, Be
linae69k
,106k , 124
,164
184 ;g ranulatus1 84 Bemb
idi
ini185
Anago tus 71 :fairburni125,1 84; Bemb
idion 2
1
stephenens is184 ;turbot
ti70 ,165,182,184 B
losyropusspinosus 184
Anchy tars inae35 ,143 Bostr
ichidae 13
,41,42 ,44
,98k
,103k
,111k
,118
,124
,
And raca llesspu rcus 70,166 ,1 82 146,186
Anisome ristes 54:sha rpi55,154 ,1 77 BOSTR ICH IFORMIA38
Anob iidae 16 ,17,41 ,42,44,102k ,107,108k,111k
, Bost
rich
inae41
117 ,124 ,147,1 86 BOSTR ICHO IDEA 39,98 k
,100k,102k
,104k
Anob iinae42 ,108k, 147 Bothrideidae15
r ,52,105 k
,110k,111k,153
,186
Anob ium :punc tatum 42 ;ruficorne4 2 Bothr
ider
inae52 , 153
Anomma tinae52 ,111k ,153 Brachycer
inae70, 71k,165
Anomma tus 52 :duodec imstr
ia tus52 ,153,177 Brachypeplus 46
Anta rcticodomus 63 Brentidae69 ,97,99k,106k,124,125
,165,186
Anth icidae63 , 64,101k,109k ,159 ,160,1 86 Brent
inae70k ,106k, 165
Anthicinae63 , 159 Bront
inae48

-188
-
Bron top r
iscusp leurais 48
l ,150,176 Chrysomeidae 12
l ,13,16,17,54,60
,66,97
,99k
,
Brosc ini 185 ,106
100k ,125,127,162,163
,186
Broun ia 35 ,98k : thoracica14,36,143,173 Ch
rysomel
inae66, 67k,162
Broun iphylaxsquam iger 59 CHRYSOMELO IDEA 65 ,98k
,99k,106k
,125
Bruch idiusv i
llosus 67 ,162,1 81 Ch
rysopep
lus 61
Bruchinae16 ,66 ,67k ,98,100k ,106k
,162 C
ic
inde
l
idae21
Brul
leaan tarct
ica 184 C
ic inae 21k
inde
l ,106k
,128
Bup res tidae 12 ,16 ,33,44 ,97k,107k,120
,124
,142, C
icinde
lin
i185
186 C
iidae 16,56,105k ,110k,117
,155,186
Bup res inae 3
t 3 C
iinae57, 155
Bupres tisau rulenta 33 C
il
laeinae 46
BUPRESTO IDEA33 C
iszeelandicus 57,117,155,178
Byrrh idae 12 ,13,33 ,40,90k ,107,108k
,123,142
,186 C
lamb idae32 , 104k
,108k,141,186
Byrrhinae33 , 142 C
lambus 32 : domesticus32 ,1
,141 72
BYRRHO IDEA33 ,99k,100k ,104k,106k
,107k CLAV ICORNIA46
Byrroc ryptus 35 :u rquharti36,143,173 Cleridae 13
,16,44, 101k
,101k
,112k
,124
,148
,186
C
lerinae 44
Cacepha tusince r
tus125 CLERO IDEA 43,102k
Caccomo lpus125 Cl
ivinabasais 21
l ,129 ,168
Cafiuslitoreus 28,137,171 C
liv
inin
i 185
Cam iarinae 25,26k ,132 Cocc
idu
l
inae54
Can tha idae 1
r 6
,38 , 101
,100k k
,107k,118
,124,145
, Cocc
inel
la117 :leon
ina 54
,125
,154,177
186 Coccine
llidae 15,16
,54
,55,104k
,110k,117
,125
,
Carab idae 13,16 ,21,60,97k,106k
,113,114
,119, 126,154,186
126,128 ,129,185,186 Cocc
inel
linae 54,154
Carabinae21 , 22k ,128 Coelometopinae60
Carabini185 Colon 26 :hi
r le26
ta ,133
CARABO IDEA 20 Co
loninae25 , 26k,133
Carabus 2 1 Colydiidae 12,13,16
,52 ,53 ,104
,58 ,105k
,110k
,
Ca
rdiopho
rinae37 111k, 120,124,156,186
Ca
rpe
limus 27 ,1
,136 70 Co
lydiinae 59,156
Ca
rpoph
i
linae46 Co
lymbe tinae22
Ca
rpoph
ilus 46 Copelainae 22
t
Cathartocryptus macu
losus 51 Coprostygnus 28
Catopsolius 26 Cort
icaria 55
Cavogna thidae 12
,16 ,50,103k
,112k,127,152,186 Cort
ica ridae 13
i ,16 ,46,55 , 111
,105k k
,154,186
Cerambyc idae 13,16,17,37,44
,58 ,65,99k
,106k, Cort
icar
iinae 55
125
,161 ,162,186 Coryloph idae54 , 104k
,110k,154,186
Cerambyc inae 65k,161 Cory
loph inae 55
Ceratogna thus:gibbosus 29
;pa rr
ianus30,98,137
, Cossoninae70 ,71k, 166 ,167
171;passa li
formis29 Costelytra 98:zealandica30,31,127 ,1
,140 72
Cerodolus 6 1 Cotes 63 :cr i63
isp ,160,180
Ceryl
idae 52 Creophi
lu so cu
latus116
Cerylonidae52 , 105k,110k,153,186 C
ryp
tarch
inae46
Cery
loninae53 C
ryp
tamorphab rev
ico
rnis48
Chaerodes 60 :t rachysce
lides61,157,178 C
ryp
tocepha
linae66, 67k
,99,163
Chaetosoma idae 12
t ,44,102k,112k,148,186 C
ryptodacne 52 :b rouni120
Chaetosoma 44 :sca riides44
t ,148,1 75 Cryp
toles
te s 49: ferrugineus49
;pusil
loides 49
Chaetosomodes 44 C
ryp tophagidae 16 ,50 ,51,103k,105
,110k,112k,115
,
Chalcodrya 60:va riegata60,157,178 152,186
Chalcod ryidae 13,16,59,102k ,109k,157,186 C
ryptophaginae50 , 51 ,152
Chelagyrtodes 26 Cryp
tophagu s 50
Chelona ri
idae 14,35 ,36,98k ,106k,118,143,186 C
ryp
torhynchin
i71
Chelonarium 36 C
ryp
tosoma tul
ini 51
Ch
ilocorinae 54 C
ten
icera 37
Cholev
inae25 , 26k Ctenognathusnovaeze iae 21
land ,129
,168
Choraginae68 , 69k,164 Cucu j
idae 14,16
,48 ,49,101k
,103k
,105,109k
,112k
,
Ch
ryso
lina
:hype
ric
i 67
, 162
,181
;quad
rigem
ina67 120
,126,151,186

-189
-
 CUCUJIFORMIA38, 42 Epicho r
iu slongulu s123
CUCUJOIDEA 46,99k,101k
,102k ,125
,104k Epu rea4 6
Cu
rcul
ionidae 13
,16,17,27,57
,70,99k ,1
,106k 1
6, Erotylidae1 6
,51 ,103k ,112k
,120,152,186
118
,125
,127
,165
-167
,186 Euaes thetinae27 ,28k ,108,136
Cu
rcu
l
ion
inae70
, 71k
,166 Eualemaspecu li
fera125
CURCUL
IONOIDEA 14
,67
,98k
,106k
,125 Eucine tidae32 ,102k,108k ,141,187
Curimus 107 Euc
ine tu sstewa rt
i32 ,141,1 72
Cychrin
i185 EUC INETO IDEA100k ,102k,104k,108k
Cyclaxyra 50
,105,110,112
:imp
ressa49 ,1
,151 76
; Eucnem idae36 ,100k ,107k,144,187
pol
itula49 Eucolasp isb runnea67 ,127 ,163,181
Cyc
laxyrinae13, 49
, 151 Euconnus m icroci
lipes 184
Cyphon 32 Euconnuspa rac
ilipes 184
Cyphon
idae31 Eude ia41
r ,98 :squamo sa41,124,146,174
Cy typhus 69
ro :tidens69
r ,164
,182 Eude r
inae13 ,41 ,103,146
Euglenidae64,101
Dacninae 52, 152 Eumo lpinae66,67k ,163
Dascyl
l
idae31 Eupines2 8
Dasytes 45:subcyaneus45 ,1
,149 7
5 Euplectopsis 28
Dasyt
idae45, 101k ,112k Euxestinae53 , 153
Dasyt
inae45 , 149 Exapionu l
icis70
Demtr
ius 61 Exocalopuspec t
inatus 62
,159
Dend
roblaxear
li
i30 ,1
,138 7
1 Exochomus54
Dendrophi
linae24
Dent
icol
linae37, 144 Ga
leruc
inae66, 67k
,162
,163
Dermestes 40:maculatus 41
,123 Ga
leruc
ini66
, 67,163
Dermestidae 16,17,40,100k,103k
,107 , 123
,108k , Geodo rcus:auriculatus 30 ,171
,138 ,184;ithagin
is14,
146
,186 184 ; 'Moehau '184
Dermest
inae40 , 108k Gnathoce rus 6
1
Derodon t ,39
idae 14 ,100k,108k
,145
,186 Gonocepha lum 6 1
DERODONTO IDEA 38,100k Grynomaregu laris 43,147,175
Dero
lath
rinae 111k Gymnus ini 14
Dero
lathrus 39
,105 Gyrinidae 13,14 ,22,97k,106k,130
,187
D rypnodes 63
iag :wake f
ie i 63
ld ,159
,179 Gyr
ininae22 , 130
D
iaper
inae60 Gyrinus:convex iusculus 22
,23,130
,168;hutton2 2
D
inoder
inae41, 146 Gyrophaena 27
D
inoderus 41
:minutus 41
,146
,174
D
iscy
l
lidae31 Hab
roce
rinae 27
,29k
,118
,135
Do
rcatominae42 Habroceru
scapil
larico
rnis 27
,135,170
1
0
9 D
o
x
z
i
l
r
a Hadramphu s
:spinipenni
s,sti
lbo
carpae
,tube
rcu
latu
s
Dryocora 61: howit
ti 61
,158,179 184
Dryophthor
inae70, 71k Hadrobregmus magnu s 42
,147,174
Dryopidae 34,63 ,99k,107,118,142
,186 Ha
lmus 54 : cha
lybaeus54
Dynastinae 30
,31k , 140 Hapaips 51
l :prol
ixus51 ,152,176
Dysmo rphocer
inae38 , 145 Harpa
linae21, 22k,129
Dysnocryptuspalidus 68
l ,164,181 Harpa
lin
i185
Dyt idae 22
isc ,97k ,106k,126,129 ,186
,130 He
lod
idae31
Dyt
iscinae 22 He
terexisset
icosta
tus 184
He
teroce idae 35
r ,105k,107k,143
,187
E
later
idae13,17, 37
,100k,107k
,123,144 He
terocer
inae35 , 143
ELATERIFORMIA31 He
terocerusnovaese iae 35
land ,143
,173
E
later
inae37 HETEROMERA56
ELATERO IDEA 36
,99k,100k
,107k Heterony
chusa ra
tor 31
,140,1 7
2
E
lm idae34,63
,99k ,108k
,142,186 H
ippodam ia 54
Enarsusbakewe ll
i120 Histeldae 23
r ,98k,107k,131
,187
Endomych idae53 ,55
,105k,110k
,111k
, 153
,154
,186 H
iste
rinae24
Enicmuscav iceps55, 154
,177 Hoheius 6
r 8
Enochrust
ritus23 ,130,168 Ho
lcasp
isfa
lcis 184
Enopl
iinae44 , 148 Ho
lopa
ramec
inae53
, 105k
,111k
,154

-190
-
Holopa ramecus 53 ,55: tenuis54,154,177 Li
tho stygnu s55,105
Hore lophinae13 ,23 , 130 Loberono tha5 1
Hore lophus 14 ,2 3
: walkeri23,130,168 Lobe rus :dep ressus51 ,127;nitens51
Hydo rap icea 34,142,1 73 Longitarsusjacobaeae67
Hyd raena 24 Lophoca te r
inae43 ,44k
,112k ,147
Hyd raen idae 12 ,13,24 ,99k,108k,131,132
,187 Lorelus6 1
Hyd raen inae24 , 131 Loxome rusneb rioides21,126,128,168
Hyd roph iidae 13
l ,14
,23 ,24,99k,108k,118,120
,130
, Lucan idae1 6,29 ,98k,106k,118,137,138,187
131 ,187 Lucaninae29 ,137 ,1
,138 71
Hyd roph i
linae23 , 130 Lycidae13 ,16,37 ,100k,107k,118,124,144
,187
HYDROPH ILO
IDEA 23 ,99k Lyct
inae41 ,103 ,111,146
Hydropo rinae22 , 129
,130 Lyctus :b runneus41 ,146,174;linea
ris41
;planico
ll
is
Hylas tesa ter 71,167,183 4
1
Hylob ia:nubecu losa 57,155,178;pul
la126 Lype
rob
ius
:ca
rina
tus184
;hu
tton
i 184
Hype romma 2 8
Hypha l
inae 34,107k Mac
ratia 63
r :exilis63
,160
,180
Hypha lus 34,99 Mac
rat
ri
inae63, 160
Hypodacne 5 3 Mac
rau
lac
inae36
Hypodacne l
la 52: rubiceps53
r ,153
,1 77 Mac
roscy
ta tus 70
lusremo ,166
,183
Ma
lth
ininae38
Il
leis54 Manda lo tusm i r
i coll
is 70 ,165,182
Inocatopselonge
llus26, 132 Mao rax iae rem ita 3 3
Inopeplinae62,63 ,102
,100k ,108
,109k
,159 Mao r
inushunuae fo rmis 184
Mao r
ipambo ru sfa irburn 21 ,119 ,128 ,168 ,184
Jacobson
iidae12
,39
,103k
,105k
,111k
,145
,187 Mecodema 2 1
:a llani,angu s
tulum ,a trox,br
itton
i,chi
l-
ton i
,co stel
lumco ste
llum,co stel
lumlew is
i,coste
llum
Koryne
tinae44 o
be
sum
,co
st
el
um'
sp
ele
s
',
cu
rv
id
en
s,
dun
en
se
,d
ux
,
Kusche
lyd rus 97
:ph
rea
ticus22
,130
,168 how itti,in tegra tum ,laeviceps,li
to reum,m inax, mor
io,
nitidum ,pav idum ,pluto
,p roximum ,pulchel
lum,pun c-
Laemoph loeidae47 ,49, 101 k
,103k ,105,109k
,151
, tellum ,quo inen se,rex,stri
ctum184
187 Medonzee land icus 27 ,137 ,1 71
Lag ri
inae60 ,61 ,157 Megaco labus :b ifurca tus,obesus ,scu lpturatus 184
Lag rioida63 :b rouni 63 ,160
,180 Megad romus 21 ,184 :an tarcicus21
t ,184 ;bu co
licus
,
Lag rioidinae63 ,109k ,160 cap i
to ,comp res sus,ful
toni,hap lopu ,`Oma
s rama',
Lam iinae65k ,161 virens184
Lamp rim inae29 ,138 Mega tom inae40 , 146
Lance teslancelatus126 Meland ryidae 12 ,13 ,57,64 ,102k ,109k ,126,155,187
Langu ri
idae51 ,103k ,112k,127 ,152,186 Me
land ryinae 57 ,155
Lara inae34 ,142 Me
lanoph tha lma 55
Laricob iinae39 ,145 Me
las inae36 , 144
Lasio rhynchusba rbico is70
rn ,125 ,182 Me
lo lon th inae 30 , 31 k
,139 ,140
Lath r
id i
idae13 ,46 ,55 ,105,1 1
1 Melyridae45 , 101 k,112k ,149,187
Lath r
id i
inae55 ,154 Men imus 6 0
Latridiidae55 Meropa thus 24 ,97 ,99 ,108
Lebiini185 Meropa thusze land icus 24 ,132 ,1 69
Leiod idae12 ,13 ,25 ,103k, 111k,118,132 ,187
,133 Me
rophys
i
idae53
Le
iod inae25 ,26k Me
rophys
i
inae53
Lemod inae63 ,160 Me
tablax 184
Lenax46 ,100,103,104 ,111:m i ,46
randus 14 ,47,149
, Me
tacorneo labium 1 2
175 Me
tascle ra 6 4
Lepidop ryx43
te :nig rsa43
rospa ,148,1
75 Me
taxina 44 ,101 ,111:ornata45,148,175
L
icinini185 Me
toph thalmu s 55
Limn ichidae35 ,99k,107k ,187
,143 Me
trio
rrhyn chuse r
rat
icus3 8
L
imn ichinae35 ,108k,143 M
icrobron tes 49
L
imn ichus35 :nig
ripes35,143,173 M
icrobron teslineatus 49
,151 ,176
L
iocho riahutton
i34 ,142,173 M
icros
ilpha 14 ,28 :li
torea27,133,169
L
iodessusp l
icatus22 ,129
,168 M
icros
ilph inae 27 ,28k,100k,108,133
L
issom
inae37 M
igadop inae21 , 22k
,128

-191
-
M
igadopini185 Orthoperu ,1
s 54 10
Mimopeus 61:elonga
tus61 ,158
,179
;opaculus60
; Oryzaephlus 48
i :sur is48
inamens ,151
,176
pa
ral
lelus 184
;subcosta
tus119 Osori
inae 27,28k,136
Monomma t
idae 59 Othius 28
Monotoma 46,100,103,104,110
:sp
inico
lis47
l ,150
, Oxytel
inae 27,28k,136
175
Mono tom idae 14 ,46 ,100k
,103k,104k,105,110k, Pachyu inus6
r 9
111 k
, 149 ,150 ,187 Paede r
inae27 ,29k,137
Monotom inae47 , 149,150 Paral
isso tes mangonu iens
is184:ret
icula
tus30
,13
7,
Mordel
laan ta rc
tica 58,156,178 171
Mordellidae57 , 102k ,109k,156,187 Paramu l
inae55
Mordel
linae 58 ,156 Parasiagonumhudson i27,135,170
Mycetaea 53 :luc idus53;subter
-ranea54,153,177 Paratorchus28 :a l
ifer184;f
lexu-osus184
Mycetaeinae53 , 110k,153 Parepierus2 4
Mycetophag idae 50 ,56,105k,110k,120,155,187 Par
isopa lpus mac leary
i127
Mycetophag inae56 , 155 Parnidaag resis34
t ,142,173
:longu lus34
Myl
laena 27 Paropsischa is6
rybd 6
Myrtonymusze landicus 70,166,182 Partystona6 1
MYXOPHAGA13
,15 Paup is4
r 4
Pe
leca tom inae58 ,156
Nacerd
inae62 Pe
lt
idae43
Nanose
ll
inae25 Pen
tagon
ic
ini185
Nasc ioidesenys i 33,120 ,124,142 ,1 72 Pe
ricoptus30
:fron
tal
is,n
it
idu
lus184
;trun
ca s3
tu 1
,
Naus ibiusc lav
icornis 4 8 ,1
140 72
Nec robia 44 :ru f
icollis44;ru fipes4 4 Per
imylopidae60
Nec rophilus 25,132 :p ro
longa tus25 ,132 ,16
9 Phalacridae13,49,97
,98k,105
,110k,112k
,151
,187
Nemonych idae 12,16 ,67,99k ,106k,125 ,163,187 Pha
lacrinae49
Neoce rcus 50:e lectus50 ,127 Phalac
rus49 : un
ifo
rmi
sfr
igor
i la5
co 0
Neocha r
iss implex 37 ,144,1 73 Pheloneisg raiosus184
t
Neoc ic
inde latubercu lata 21,128 ,1 6
8 Phi
lothermus52 ,5 3
Neocyba 69 ,97:me trosideros 70 ,125 ,165,182 Ph
loeocha rinae27 ,29k,134,169
Nesop tych iassimpliceps 184 Phloeosinuscup i71
ress ,167
,183
Neu raphaconnusto ronou ii 184 Phloeos t
ich idae 13,47,101k,102k,104k,105,110k
,
Ni
tidu lidae 16 ,46,100k ,104k ,108, 111k,118,149, 112k,123 ,150 ,1 87
187 Phreatodessus2 2
N
itidu l
inae46 , 149 Phrenapatinae110k
Nosodend ridae 33 ,40 ,103k ,107 ,108k,145,187 Phycochusg raniceps 31,139,1
71
Nosodend ron 33 :ova tum40 ;zea landicum40 ,145,17
4 Phycosec idae12 ,45,103k,112k,149 ,187
Notha ldonuspeace i 184 Phycosecis45 :l imbata45
,149,1 75
Nothode rodontus 39 :gou rlayi39,145 ,1 74 Phyl
lobaen inae 4 4
Notho telus 64:us itatus64 ,126 ,161 ,180 Phyma tophaea44 :lugubr
is124;v io
lacea45,148,175
Notolaemus 49 PHYTOPHAGA65
Notop tenidiumlawson i 25,132 ,1 69 Physobryax
isinf
lata117
Noto torchusferrugineus 27 ,136 ,1 70 P
icrotus5 0
P
iest
inae27 ,28k,135
lea 2
Oca 8 P
il
ipalpinae12,62,158,159
Och
theb
iinae24
, 132 P
ime l
i
inae60 ,61,157
Oclandiuscinnaraeus 184 :laevi-uscu
lus184 P
ityob
i
inae37
Odontriagiveni 31 ,139,171 P
l
a
c
on
o
t
u
s
4
9
Oedeme idae 61
r ,101k,109k,127,158,187 P
latip
idia46 :asperela46
l ,149,175
Oedeme rinae62 , 158 P
latisus14,48 ,120,126
,151,1 76
Oemonah ir
ta 58 ,65 ,161,180 P
latypodinae70,71k, 98,106
,167
Ol
igota 2 8 P
latypus4 7: apica
lis71
,167,183
Oma l
i
inae12 , 14,27 ,28k,100k,133 Podaenalatipa
lpis131,169
Oma l
iom imusalb ipennis 27
,133,1 69 POLYPHAGA12 ,13,15,18,22,97k,105k
,115,121
,
Omedes 6 1 122,126
Onthophagusg ranu latus 31
,139,1 71 Porro
stomaru fpenne38
i ,124,144,173
Oregusinaequa lis 184 Pr
iaslpha102
i ,103:obscura47,123,150,176

-192
-
Prias i
lphidae47 Salp ing inae63 ,1 59
Prias i
lph inae47k ,112k ,1 50 Salp ingus 63 :b iluna tus63 ,159 ,179
Prion inae65k ,1 61 Saphophagus 39 :m inutus 12 ,39 ,145,174
Prionop lus58 :re ticularis65,125 ,161,180 Sap r
in inae24 ,1 3 1
Pris tode rusan tarcticus59 ,156 ,178 Sap inus 2
r 4
Prodon tria30 :bico lorata,'Five R
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; Sap rosi tes 3 0
lew isi30 ,31 ,140 ,172 ,184 ;modesta
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,
Pros tom idae 61 ,104 ,105k ,110k,158,187 140,187
Pro teininae27 ,29k ,100k , 134 SCARABAE IFORM lA29
Pro telaterinae37 Sca rabae inae30 ,31k , 139
Pro tope l
tinae43 ,44k ,112k SCARABAEO IDEA15 ,16,29 ,98k,106k
Pse laph idae13 Sca rit
inae21 ,22k ,1 29
Pse laph inae12 ,13 ,16 ,26 -28k,100k,108k , 117,134 Sciacha risyakasens is 184
Pseudhe lops6 1 Sci rtidae12 ,13 ,31 ,101k ,108k ,117,141,187
Pseudoche lona ium36
r SC IRTO IDEA31
Pseudoph loeocha risaus trais27
l ,134,170 Sco lytinae41 ,44 ,57 ,70 ,71k ,98 ,106,167
Pseudops inae27 ,29k , 136 Scopodes 2 1
Pseudops isa rrowi27 ,136 ,1 70 Sc rap tildae64 , 101 k,109k ,126,160 ,187
Psyd r
ini185 Scrap tiinae64 ,65
Pte rost
ich ini185 Scrap toge tus 64
Ptiliidae 12 ,16,24 ,99 ,104k ,107k,132,187 Scydmaen idae12 ,13,26 ,103 k
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Pt
iliinae25 , 132 Scydmaen inae26 ,1 33
Ptilodac tylidae35 , 100 k,107k ,118,143,187 Scymn inae54
Pt
in inae16 ,42 ,102 ,111k , 124 ,147 Scymnus 54 ,117
Ptinus :spec iosus 42 ,117 ,124,147,174;tec tus42 Sepedoph lus 27
i ,28 ,134,1 70
Pycnome r
inae59 ,110k Se r
icode rinae55 ,154 ,177
Pycnome russopho rae 1 24 Sha rp iu svenu stu s 68 ,164 ,181
Py roch ro idae62 , 101k ,109k ,127
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ilph idae25
Py rono tafes tiva30 Si
lpho te lus 108 :n iidus27
t ,134 ,170
Pyth idae62 Silvan idae16 ,47 ,101k ,102k ,109k ,150,151,187
Si
lvan inae48 ,1 51
ius 28
Qued Slvanus4
i 8
Sirrhas6 0
Reesavespulae 40 Sitonad isco idea 1 27
Re
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:peda t
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,131 69 So ron ia 4 6
Renton
idiumco s
tiven
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s 43 ,147
,174 Sphae r
id iinae23 ,1 31
Ren toniinae43 ,44k ,112k, 126,147 Sphae ro tho rax 3 2
Renton lini43 Spondy l
inae65k
Rhino rhynch inae68 , 163 Staphy lin idae12 -14 ,16 ,26 ,100 k
,107 k
,108 k
,111k,
Rhino rhynchusru fulus 68,125,163,1 81 116 ,117 ,118 ,126 ,127 ,133 -137,187
Rhip ipho idae 58
r ,98k ,100k,109k,118 ,126
,156
,187 STAPHYL lN IFORM IA 23
Rhipistena 58 :lugub is58
r ,156,178 Staphy lininae27 ,29k , 137
Rhizon iuman iquum 59
t ,156,1 78 STAPHYL INOIDEA12 ,15 ,24 ,99 k
,100k,102k,104k
Rhizope rtha 41:dom inica41 Stegob iumpan iceum4 2
Rh
izophag inae104 Stephano rhyn chu sin sol
itus 184 :lawson i70,166,18
3
RHYNCHOPHORA67 Ste thasp is 30 :convexa1 8 4
Rhynchopho r
inae70 ,71 Stylogymnu sasuban tarctica12 ,14
Rhysod idae20 , 97k,106k,118,128 ,187 Synca lyp tinae33
Rhysod ini20 Syndes inae29
Rhyzob ius 5 4 Symo rthusinsu la ris123
Rhyzod iastesproprius 20,128,16 8 Syrphe todes 59 ,184 :ma rginatus 59,/57,178
Roda lia 54 ,117
Rygmodusince tus 1
r 20
:tib
ialis 23,131
,1 69 Tachypor
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Rytino tus 5 8 Tangaronapensus1 84
Tanychlus61
i :sophorae1 26
la 28
Sago :lam ta27
ina ,134,170 Tarsos
teninae44
Sa
lping ,100
idae62 k,102k
,108
,109k ,159
,110k ,187 Techmessa :conco
lor 62,158,179
;te
lepho
roides127

-193
-
Techmessodes6 2
Teneb rio6 1
Teneb rion idae 13,14,16 ,56
,59,60 ,98
,101k,109
k,
110k ,117 ,119,157 ,158,1 8
7
Teneb r
ion inae60 ,61,158
TENEBR IONO IDEA12 ,15,56,98 k
,100k,101k
,104k
Teneb roides mauri icus4
tan 3
Tha l
lispo lita52,152 ,1 77
Thanoc lerinae44 ,148
The lyphassal ineata62 ,158,1 79
Tho ramus37 :wake f
ieldi 37,144,173
Tho rtusova is51
l ,152 ,1 76
Tho tmusha l
li184
Tomogen iuslaipes24
t ,131,169
Trech inae21 ,22k,129
T
rechini185
T
ribal
inae24
Tr
iboium 61
l
Tr
iche s 40
lode
T
riche
lodin
i40
Trichocolposinus63
T
rinod inae40
Triphyllus5 6:hispidellus56,155,177
Trog idae 13 ,30,98k,106k ,118,138,187
Trogode rma40 :maes tum 41 ,146,174
Trogoss itidae13 ,16,43 ,104k,112k,126
,147
,148
,
187
T
rogoss i
tinae43k ,112k ,148
Troxscabe r30 ,138,1 71
Tychanopa istuberosus1 84
Tymbop iptusvaleas 12
Typhaeas
terco
rea120

U
lod
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,101
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loma 6
U 0
U
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Ve tus 32
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:tr
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ste
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lu ,1
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2

Xenocnemaspin ,1
ipes167 8
3
Xenosce
linae 152
lochus 6
Xy 1
Xy
loph
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idae64
Xy
lophlus 64
i :nit
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Xy
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ipenn ,161 ,180

Zearagytodes 26:macu l
i r2
fe 6
Zec
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ton
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i 84
Zo
lin
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Zo
lodin
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Zo
lodinus 60
Zomedes 61
Zopher
idae59,102,109
Ζoion 65
r ,161,180

-194
-
 NOT
ICES NGAPANU
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—
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 172
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—
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 Nor
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—
197—
 T
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1Te
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ISBN0
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-06687
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. $29
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ISBN0
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3 An
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ISBN0
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-06703
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5E
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ISBN0
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-06746
-8•14 Nov1984•128pp
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6 Hyd
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ISBN0
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7C
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-06762 .
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8Ca
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ISBN0477067646•24Feb1986•88pp
- - - . $18
.60
9P
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ra (
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ta)•S
.L.Tuxen
ISBN0477067654•24Feb1986•52pp
- - - . $18
.60
10Tubu
life
ra(
Insec
ta:Thysanop
tera
)•Lau
ren
ceA
. Mound&Anne
tteK
. Wa
lke
r
ISBN0477067840•22Sep1986•144pp
- - .
- $34
.65
11Pseudococc
idae (
Insec
ta: Hem
ipte
ra)•J
.M.Cox
ISBN047706791 3•7 Ap
- - .
r1987•232pp
- $49
.95
12Pomp
il
idae(
Insec
ta: Hymenop
tera
)•A
.C.Ha
rri
s
ISBN0
-477
-02501
-3•13 Nov1987•160pρ
. $39
.95
13Ency
rtldae (
Insec
ta: Hymenop
tera
)•J
.S.Noye
s
ISBN0
-477
-02517
-X•9 May1988•192pp
. $44
.95
14Lep
idop
tera — anno
tatedca
talogue
,andkeystofam
i
ly-g
rouptaxa
J
.S. Dugdale•ISBN0 -477-02518
-8•23Sep1988•264pp. $49
.95
15Ambos
itrinae (
Insec
ta: Hymenopte
ra:D
iap
ri
idae
)•I
.D.Naumann
ISBN0
-477
-02535
-8•30 Dec1988•168pp
. $39
.95
16 Nep
ticu
lidae(
Insec
ta:Lep
idop
tera
)•Han
sDonne
r&Ch
rls
tophe
rWi
lkin
son
ISBN0477025382•28 Ap
- - r1989•92pp
.
- $22
.95
17 Myma
ridae(
Insec
ta:Hymenop
tera
)•J
.S. Noye
s &E
.WVa
len
tine
ISBN0
-477
-02542
-0•28Ap
r1989•100pp
. $24
.95
18Cha
lcido
idea(
Insec
ta:Hymenop
tera
)—in
troduc
t
ion
,andrev
iewo
fsma
l
lerfam
i
lies
J
.S. Noye
s&Ε
.W.Va
len
tine•ISBN0
-477
-02545
-5•2Aug1989•96pp $24
.95

—
198—
19 Man
todea(
Insec
ta)
,wi
tharev
iewo
faspec
tso
ffunc
tiona
l mo
rpho
logy
andb
iology•G
.W.Ramsay• ISBN0
-477
-02581
-1•13Jun1990•96pp $24
.95
20 B
ibion
idae(
Insec
ta:D
ipte
ra)•RoyA
.Ha
rri
son
ISBN0
-477
-02595
-1•13Nov1990•28pp
. $14
.95
21 Ma
rga
rod
idae(
Insec
ta: Hem
ipte
ra)• C
.F. Mo
rale
s
ISBN0
-477
-02607 .
-9•27 May1991•124pp $34
.95
22 No
tonemou
ridae(
Insec
ta:P
lecop
tera
)•I.D
.Mc
Lel
lan
ISBN0
-477
-02518 .
-8•27 May1991•64pp $24
.95
23Sc
iapod
inae
, Mede
ter
inae(
Insec
ta:D
ipte
ra)w
ithagene
ricrev
iewo
fthe
Do
l idae• D
ichopod .J.B
icke
l•ISBN0
-477
-02627
-3•13Jan1992•74ρρ $27
.95
24The
rev
idae(
Insec
ta:D
ipte
ra)•L
.Lynebo
rg
ISBN0
-477
-02632
-X•4 Ma
r1992•140pp
$34
.95
25 Ce
rcop
idae(
Insec
ta: Homop
te )•K
ra .G.A
.Ham
il
ton&C
.F. Mo
rale
s
ISBN04
770
-263
62•2
5Ma
y1992•40pp
- . $
17
-.
95
26Teneb
rion
idae(
Insec
ta:Co
leop
tera
):ca
ta ftypesandkeysto taxa
logueo
J
.C. Wa
tt•ISBN0
-477
-02639
-7•13Ju .
l1992•70pp $27
.95
27 An
tarc
tope
rlinae(
Insec
ta:P
lecop
tera .D
)•I .M
cLe
llan
ISBN04
770
-164
48•18Feb1993•70pp
- . $
-27.
95
28La
rvaeo
fCu
rcu
liono
idea(
Insec
ta:Co
leop
tera
):asys
tema
ticove
rview
B
renda M
. May•ISBN0
-478
-04505
-0•14Jun 1993•226pp
. $55
.00
29C
ryp
torhynch
lnae(
Insec
ta:Co
leop
tera
:Cu
rcu
lion
idae
)
C
.H.C l• ISBN0478045182•2 Dec1993•308pp
.Lya - .
- - $65
.00
30 Hep
ial
idae(
Insec
ta:Lep
idop
tera
)•J
.S. Dugda
le
ISBN0478045247•1 Ma
- - r1994•164pp
- . $42
.50
31Ta
li
tridae(C
rus
tacea
: Amph
ipods
)• K
.W. Dun
can
lSBN0
-478
-04533 t1994•128pp
-6•7 Oc . $36
.00
idae(
32 Sphec Insec
ta: Hymenop
tera
)•A
.C.Ha
rri
s
ISBN0
-478
-04534
-4•7O
ct1994•112pp
. $
33.
50
33 Mo
ran
il
ini(
Insec
ta: Hymenop
tera
)•J
.A.Be
rry
ISBN0
-478
-04538
-7•8 Ma
y1995•82pp
. $29
.95
34 An
thic
idae(
Insec
ta:Co
leop
te )• F
ra .G. We
rne
r& D
.S.Chand
ler
ISBN04
780
454
76•21Jun1995•64pp
- - . $
26.
5
-0
35Cydn
idae
,Acan
thosoma
tidae
,andPen
tatom
idae(
Insec
ta:He
terop
tera
):
sys
tema
tics
,geog
raph
ica
ldis
tr
ibu
tion
,andb logy•M
ioeco .C.La
riv
ière -

ISBN0
-478
-09301 .
-2•23 Nov1995•112pp $42
.50
36 Lep
toph
leb
iidae(
Insec
ta:Epheme
rop
te )•D
ra .R.Town
s& W
.L.Pe
ter
s
ISBN0
-478
-09303 .
-9•19 Aug1996•144pp $39
.50
37 Co
leop
tera
:fam
i
ly-g
rouprev
iewandkeystoiden
ti
fica
tion•J
.Kl
ima
szew
ski
&J
.C. Wa
tt•ISBN0
-478
-09312
-8•Ju
l1997•199pp
. $
49.
50

—
199—
 Fauna of
New Zealand
Ko te Aitanga Pepeke
o Aotearoa

Number 37

14.

roue review
and

J. Klimaszewski & J.C. Watt

with illustrations by D.W. Helmore
POPULARSUMMARY

CHECKL
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Ν /
.

REV
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IL
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KEYSTOTAXA

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