P

SAMPLE PROBLEM 11.2

D
A B (a) Taking into account only the effect of normal stresses due to bending,
determine the strain energy of the prismatic beam AB for the loading shown.
a b (b) Evaluate the strain energy, knowing that the beam is a W10 3 45,
P 5 40 kips, L 5 12 ft, a 5 3 ft, b 5 9 ft, and E 5 29 3 106 psi.
L

P SOLUTION
A D B Bending Moment. Using the free-body diagram of the entire beam,
we determine the reactions
a b
Pb Pa
RA 5 x RB 5 x
Pb Pa L L
RA L
RB L
For portion AD of the beam, the bending moment is
M
Pb
M1 5 x
L
M1 M2
x For portion DB, the bending moment at a distance v from end B is
x v
Pa
M2 5 v
L
From A to D: a. Strain Energy. Since strain energy is a scalar quantity, we add the
strain energy of portion AD to that of portion DB to obtain the total strain
A
M1 Pb x energy of the beam. Using Eq. (11.17), we write
L
U 5 UAD 1 UDB
Pb V1 a b
RA  M21 M22
L

x
5
0
# 2EI
dx 1 #0
2EI
dv
a 2 b
Pa 2
# #
1 Pb 1
5 a xb dx 1 a vb dv
2EI 0
L 2EI 0
L
2 2 3 2 3
1 P ba ab P2a2b2
5 a 1 b 5 1a 1 b2
2EI L2 3 3 6EIL2
From B to D:
Pa P2a2b2
M2  L
v or, since (a 1 b) 5 L, U5 ◀
6EIL
B

b. Evaluation of the Strain Energy. The moment of inertia of a

V2 RB  Pb W10 3 45 rolled-steel shape is obtained from Appendix C and the given
L
data is restated using units of kips and inches.
v
P 5 40 kips L 5 12 ft 5 144 in.
a 5 3 ft 5 36 in. b 5 9 ft 5 108 in.
E 5 29 3 106 psi 5 29 3 103 ksi I 5 248 in4
Substituting into the expression for U, we have
140 kips2 2 136 in.2 2 1108 in.2 2
U5 U 5 3.89 in ? kips ◀
6129 3 103 ksi2 1248 in4 2 1144 in.2

708
 PROBLEMS

11.1 Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following

metals:
(a) Stainless steel
AISI 302 (annealed): E 5 190 GPa sY 5 260 MPa
(b) Stainless steel 2014-T6
AISI 302 (cold-rolled): E 5 190 GPa sY 5 520 MPa
(c) Malleable cast iron: E 5 165 GPa sY 5 230 MPa

11.2 Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following

alloys:
(a) Titanium: E 5 16.5 3 106 psi sY 5 120 ksi
(b) Magnesium: E 5 6.5 3 106 psi sY 5 29 ksi
(c) Cupronickel (annealed) E 5 20 3 106 psi sY 5 16 ksi
 (MPa)
11.3 Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following
grades of structural steel: 600
(a) ASTM A709 Grade 50: sY 5 50 ksi
(b) ASTM A913 Grade 65: sY 5 65 ksi
(c) ASTM A709 Grade 100: sY 5 100 ksi 450

11.4 Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following alu-
minum alloys: 300
(a) 1100-H14: E 5 70 GPa sY 5 55 MPa
(b) 2014-T6 E 5 72 GPa: sY 5 220 MPa
(c) 6061-T6 E 5 69 GPa: sY 5 150 MPa 150

11.5 The stress-strain diagram shown has been drawn from data obtained

during a tensile test of an aluminum alloy. Using E 5 72 GPa, 0.14 0.18
determine (a) the modulus of resilience of the alloy, (b) the modu- 0.006
lus of toughness of the alloy. Fig. P11.5

11.6 The stress-strain diagram shown has been drawn from data obtained
during a tensile test of a specimen of structural steel. Using E 5
29 3 106 psi, determine (a) the modulus of resilience of the steel,
(b) the modulus of toughness of the steel.

 (ksi)

100

80

60

40

20

0 
0.021 0.2 0.25
0.002
Fig. P11.6

709
710 Energy Methods 11.7 The load-deformation diagram shown has been drawn from data
obtained during a tensile test of a 0.875-in.-diameter rod of an
aluminum alloy. Knowing that the deformation was measured using
a 15-in. gage length, determine (a) the modulus of resilience of
the alloy, (b) the modulus of toughness of the alloy.

P (kips) P

40

30 15 in.


20

P'
10

 (in.)
1.85
0.104
Fig. P11.7

11.8 The load-deformation diagram shown has been drawn from data
obtained during a tensile test of structural steel. Knowing that the
cross-sectional area of the specimen is 250 mm2 and that the defor-
mation was measured using a 500-mm gage length, determine
(a) the modulus of resilience of the steel, (b) the modulus of tough-
ness of the steel.

P (kN)
P
100

75 500 mm

C 50

25 P'
3 ft 3
4 in.
 (mm)
8.6 78 96
B 0.6
Fig. P11.8
2 ft 5
8 in.

A
11.9 Using E 5 29 3 106 psi, determine (a) the strain energy of the
P steel rod ABC when P 5 8 kips, (b) the corresponding strain
Fig. P11.9 energy density in portions AB and BC of the rod.
11.10 Using E 5 200 GPa, determine (a) the strain energy of the steel Problems
711
rod ABC when P 5 25 kN, (b) the corresponding strain-energy
density in portions AB and BC of the rod.
20-mm diameter
11.11 A 30-in. length of aluminum pipe of cross-sectional area 1.85 in2
is welded to a fixed support A and to a rigid cap B. The steel rod B 16-mm diameter
EF, of 0.75-in. diameter, is welded to cap B. Knowing that the A
C
modulus of elasticity is 29 3 106 psi for the steel and 10.6 3 106 P
psi for the aluminum, determine (a) the total strain energy of the 1.2 m
system when P 5 8 kips, (b) the corresponding strain-energy den- 0.8 m
sity of the pipe CD and in the rod EF. 2m

A Fig. P11.10

E F
B P

D C
30 in.
1.6 m
48 in. 1.2 m
C
Fig. P11.11
B
A
11.12 Rod AB is made of a steel for which the yield strength is sY 5 P
450 MPa and E 5 200 GPa; rod BC is made of an aluminum alloy 14-mm diameter
for which sY 5 280 MPa and E 5 73 GPa. Determine the maxi-
mum strain energy that can be acquired by the composite rod ABC 10-mm diameter
without causing any permanent deformations. Fig. P11.12

11.13 A single 6-mm-diameter steel pin B is used to connect the steel

strip DE to two aluminum strips, each of 20-mm width and 5-mm
thickness. The modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa for the steel and
70 GPa for the aluminum. Knowing that for the pin at B the allow-
able shearing stress is tall 5 85 MPa, determine, for the loading
shown, the maximum strain energy that can be acquired by the
assembled strips.

0.5 m
B
A
C 20 mm
D
E
P
1.25 m 5 mm

Fig. P11.13

11.14 Rod BC is made of a steel for which the yield strength is sY 5 C B

300 MPa and the modulus of elasticity is E 5 200 GPa. Knowing P
that a strain energy of 10 J must be acquired by the rod when 1.8 m
the axial load P is applied, determine the diameter of the rod
for which the factor of safety with respect to permanent defor-
mation is six. Fig. P11.14
712 Energy Methods 11.15 The assembly ABC is made of a steel for which E 5 200 GPa and
sY 5 320 MPa. Knowing that a strain energy of 5 J must be
acquired by the assembly as the axial load P is applied, determine
the factor of safety with respect to permanent deformation when
18-mm diameter C (a) x 5 300 mm, (b) x 5 600 mm.

11.16 Using E 5 10.6 3 106 psi, determine by approximate means the

B maximum strain energy that can be acquired by the aluminum rod
12-mm diameter
shown if the allowable normal stress is sall 5 22 ksi.

A
x
900 mm
P 2.85 in.
2.55 in.
2.10 in.
1.5 in.
Fig. P11.15
P
3 in.
A

4 @ 1.5 in.  6 in.

A Fig. P11.16
2c

c 11.17 Show by integration that the strain energy of the tapered rod AB is
B P
L 1 P2L
U5
4 EAmin
Fig. P11.17 where Amin is the cross-sectional area at end B.

11.18 through 11.21 In the truss shown, all members are made of
the same material and have the uniform cross-sectional area indi-
cated. Determine the strain energy of the truss when the load P
is applied.

l
P

A
B C

P
l
A
B
C
60⬚ B P
A 2A
1
l B D
2

A A A 1
l
C 2 30°
1 C A
2 l D A
A
D l l
l P D

Fig. P11.18 Fig. P11.19 Fig. P11.20 Fig. P11.21

11.22 Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has the Problems
713
cross-sectional area shown. Using E 5 29 3 106 psi, determine the
strain energy of the truss for the loading shown.

3 in2 80 kN
4 ft
C 30 kN
D C 2500 mm2
20 kips
4 in2
2000 mm2
24 kips 2.4 m

7.5 ft
D
Fig. P11.22 B

11.23 Each member of the truss shown is made of aluminum and has 2.2 m
1m
the cross-sectional area shown. Using E 5 72 GPa, determine the
strain energy of the truss for the loading shown. Fig. P11.23

11.24 through 11.27 Taking into account only the effect of normal
stresses, determine the strain energy of the prismatic beam AB for
the loading shown.

w w

B A B
A

L L
Fig. P11.24 Fig. P11.25

M0 P P
a a
A B
D E
D
A B

a b
L L
Fig. P11.26 Fig. P11.27

11.28 and 11.29 Using E 5 200 GPa, determine the strain energy
due to bending for the steel beam and loading shown. (Ignore the
effect of shearing stresses.)

180 kN 80 kN 80 kN
W360  64 W310  74
C D E
A B A B

2.4 m 2.4 m 1.6 m 1.6 m 1.6 m

4.8 m 4.8 m
Fig. P11.28 Fig. P11.29
714 Energy Methods 11.30 and 11.31 Using E 5 29 3 106 psi, determine the strain energy
due to bending for the steel beam and loading shown. (Ignore the
effect of shearing stresses.)

2 kips 2 kips 1.5 in.

4 kips

B B C
C A D D
A 3 in.
W6  9
8 ft 60 in.
2 ft 15 in. 15 in.
Fig. P11.30 Fig. P11.31
w

11.32 Assuming that the prismatic beam AB has a rectangular cross sec-
B
A tion, show that for the given loading the maximum value of the
strain-energy density in the beam is
L
U
Fig. P11.32 umax 5 15
V
where U is the strain energy of the beam and V is its volume.
A

11.33 The ship at A has just started to drill for oil on the ocean floor at
a depth of 5000 ft. The steel drill pipe has an outer diameter of
8 in. and a uniform wall thickness of 0.5 in. Knowing that the top
5000 ft of the drill pipe rotates through two complete revolutions before
the drill bit at B starts to operate and using G 5 11.2 3 106 psi,
determine the maximum strain energy acquired by the drill pipe.
B
11.34 Rod AC is made of aluminum and is subjected to a torque T applied
at C. Knowing that G 5 73 GPa and that portion BC of the rod is
Fig. P11.33
hollow and has an inner diameter of 16 mm, determine the strain
energy of the rod for a maximum shearing stress of 120 MPa.

24-mm diameter

A
B
C
400 mm
T
500 mm

A Fig. P11.34
2c

c 11.35 Show by integration that the strain energy in the tapered rod AB
T
is
B
L 7 T 2L
U5
48 GJmin
Fig. P11.35 where Jmin is the polar moment of inertia of the rod at end B.
11.36 The state of stress shown occurs in a machine component made Problems
715
of a grade of steel for which sY 5 65 ksi. Using the maximum-
distortion-energy criterion, determine the factor of safety associated y
with the yield strength when (a) sy 5 116 ksi, (b) sy 5 216 ksi.
σy
11.37 The state of stress shown occurs in a machine component made
of a grade of steel for which sY 5 65 ksi. Using the maximum-
distortion-energy criterion, determine the range of values of sy for
which the factor of safety associated with the yield strength is equal
8 ksi
to or larger than 2.2.
z x
14 ksi
11.38 The state of stress shown occurs in a machine component made of
Fig. P11.36 and P11.37
a brass for which sY 5 160 MPa. Using the maximum-distortion-
energy criterion, determine the range of values of sz for which
yield does not occur.

20 MPa

75 MPa

σz
100 MPa
z
x
Fig. P11.38 and P11.39

11.39 The state of stress shown occurs in a machine component made of

a brass for which sY 5 160 MPa. Using the maximum-distortion-
energy criterion, determine whether yield occurs when (a) sz 5 b
145 MPa, (b) sz 5 245 MPa. M0

11.40 Determine the strain energy of the prismatic beam AB, taking into
A B d
account the effect of both normal and shearing stresses.

*11.41 A vibration isolation support is made by bonding a rod A, of radius L

R1, and a tube B, of inner radius R2, to a hollow rubber cylinder. Fig. P11.40
Denoting by G the modulus of rigidity of the rubber, determine
the strain energy of the hollow rubber cylinder for the loading
shown.

B
R2 R1 Q
A
A

B
A L
Q
(a) (b)
Fig. P11.41