II - B Psychology

Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Group #01
Katutubong Konsepto sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino 1

I. KAPWA
ORIGIN OF ETYMOLOGY
● “Ka”
- A union refers to any kind of relationship, a union, with everyone and
everything.
● “Puwang”
- A space.
➔ Today, most people who hear the word ​“kapwa”​ think it means neighbor.
➔ Standard Tagalog dictionaries like Vito Santos define ​kapwa as fellow
being and other person.
➔ Spanish dictionaries translate ​kapuwa as both and the one and the other,
or others.
● Pakikipagkapwa ​(shared identity)
- The core of Filipino personhood is ​“kapwa”.​ This notion of a ​“shared self”
extends the I to include the other;
- Kapwa is the ​“unity of the one-of-us-and-the-other”​, According to the late Virgilio
Enriquez, who declared the concept as a Filipino core value underlying the
Pagkatao ng Filipino ​(The Personhood of the Filipino)​;
- It means connecting myself with others, feeling myself in the other, and having
a sense of shared identity and a shared inner self;
- But he also foresaw that this Filipino core value was threatened by spreading
Western influences when he wrote:

“…once AKO starts thinking of himself as separate from KAPWA,

the Filipino ‘self’ gets to be individuated as in the Western sense
and, in effect, denies the status of KAPWA to the other.” (Enriquez
1989).
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TWO CATEGORIES OF “KAPWA”

Ibang Tao - There are five interaction levels under this category:
(outsider)
1. Pakikitungo:​ ​(transaction/civility with)
➔ Right behavior meant the right demeanor towards
authorities (parents, elders, etc.).
2. Pakikisalamuha:​(interaction with)
➔ This is a social value that is primarily communitarian.
It espouses the ability to adapt.
3. Pakikilahok:​(joining/participating)
➔ This translates to the participation of the entire
community to help a person.
4. Pakikibagay:​ ​(in-conformity with/in accord with)
➔ This runs into conflict with individuality which many
Filipinos in fact willingly throw away in favor of
conformity with the demands of those who are in
charge.
5. Pakikisama:​(being along with)
➔ Being united with the group.

Hindi Ibang Tao - There are three interaction levels under this category:
(one-of-us)
1. Pakikipagpalagayang-loob:​(being in
rapport/understanding/acceptance with)
➔ The mutual trust.
2. Pakikisangkot:​ ​(getting involved)
➔ An act of joining others
3. Pakikipagkaisa:
➔ Being one with others
● On a ​personal level​, the ​“kapwa”​ in us will consider the welfare and well-being of
those whose lives we touch and will be more considerate of the effects of our
action on them.
● On a ​community level​, the ​“kapwa”​ in us will be concerned about what is
happening in the immediate environment and will respond in whatever way is in
reach to help make the community a better and safer place to live in.
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● On a ​wider and social level​, the ​“kapwa” ​in us will not tolerate disrespect for
human rights, will value human life, each human life. It will not disrespect women,
or dispossess minorities.

II. BAHALA NA
ORIGIN OF ETYMOLOGY
● The etymology of the phrase ​“Bahala Na”​ was based on the word ​“Bathala”​.
● Bathala is a Supreme Being worshipped by Filipinos during the Spanish era. Also
when you write ​“bahala”​ and ​“bathala”​ in baybayin, it looks almost the same.
● The term ​“Bahala Na” is one of the most used phrases in the Philippines, It
became one of the default answers, aside from yes and no. Also, it is included in
Filipino Confrontative Value.
● There is no definite translation in English but when it comes to Spanish, it is
somehow connected to the phrase ​“que sera sera” which means whatever will
be, will be.

COLONIAL INTERPRETATION
● In 1994 ​Thomas Alfred wrote a book entitled ​“Dictionary of Filipino Culture and
Values”​; He said that:

“The Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and

problems, leaving everything to God, “Bahala na ang Diyos” (God
will take care of us)... This attitude is a f​ atalistic resignation or
withdrawal from an engagement or crisis or a shirking from
personal responsibility”.

For Andres, this phrase means that Filipinos are fatalist person which means a
person who believes that he/she has no control or power over the situation
because it is predetermined or planned.
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LOCAL INTERPRETATION
● In 1977, ​Alfred Lagmay opposed the idea of Thomas Alfred, and he said ​“Bahala
Na!”​ shows the determination in the face of uncertainty because:

“When Filipinos utter that expression, they are not leaving their fate
to God and remaining passive. Rather they are telling themselves
that they are ​ready to face the difficult situation before them, and
​ o their best to achieve their objectives​.”
will d

For Lagmay, this phrase means that Filipinos are determined and a risk-taker
type of person. Sometimes, Filipinos used it as a coping mechanism to continue
and lessen the feeling of being worried.

III. HIYA
WHAT IS HIYA?
● In Philippine culture ​“Hiya” gets its roots from the Spanish ​"amor propio" defines
shyness or shame as a form of anxiety it was also related to pride and connected
to our self-esteem. On the other hand ​“Walang hiya” means inconsideration for
the feelings of others and absence of sensitivity

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIYA OF A CHILD AND AN ADULT?

Child Adult

- He will turn away; - He will try to avoid ​(the individual

- Hiding behind a desk or a chair; encounter by not showing up at
- Holding his hand over his face. all)​;
- Keep as quiet as possible;
- Whisper to a friend nearby, rather
than expose his ideas to ridicule in
front of the big group.
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NAPAHIYA
● When the mask is pierced and the unindividuated ego is exposed for what it is,
disaster has struck. The person has been ​“napahiya”​, the relationship is changed
and will never again be the same.
● As I cleared being introvert and shy is a two different thing because the introvert
wants to have a time alone but gets drained after spending time with others while
a person who is shy doesn’t say want to be alone but they are afraid to interact
with others:
➔ Feel discomfort;
➔ Fear;
➔ Self-conscious;
➔ Nervous;
➔ Bashful;
➔ Timid;
➔ Insecure.
● The ​“Hiya” ​can affect the emotions and the behavior of a person like in: (1)
blushing; (2) feeling speechless; (3) shaky; (4) breathless.

HOW PEOPLE WHO HAVE “HIYA” OR “SHY” REACT TO NEW THINGS?

● Types of Shyness:
A. Situational Shyness
- Experiencing anxiety in certain, specific situations.
- The main challenge in this shyness is the timing. It never feels right. You
never feel ready to tackle the task before you.
B. Transitional Shyness
- Feeling anxious when experiencing change is called Transitional
Shyness.
- Things are changing and you may not be used to it.
C. Permanent Shyness
- Feeling anxious as part of daily life is Permanent Shyness.
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- The main challenge in this type of shyness is the anxiety itself.
- Remembered themselves to be a ‘shy’ person.
● Why are some people shy?
1. ​Genetics
- The genes also influence certain personality traits, including shyness.
About 20% of people have a genetic tendency to be naturally shy. But not
everyone with a genetic tendency to be shy develops a shy temperament. Life
experiences also play a role.
2. ​Life experiences
- For example, if people who are shy approach new things little by little, it
can help them become more confident and comfortable. But if they feel pushed
into situations they don't feel prepared for, or if they are teased or bullied, it can
make them even shyer.
● Strengths and weaknesses of shyness:

Strength/s - Become really good listeners;

- Especially caring toward others, and interested in how others
feel. People often consider them the finest friends.

Weakness/s - Extreme feelings of shyness are often a sign of an anxiety

condition called ​social phobia ​(people with social phobia often
need the help of a therapist to overcome extreme shyness).​

IV. SUMPONG
WHAT IS SUMPONG?
● “Sumpong”​, in Filipino psychology, refers to a range of short-term or temporary
temperaments, mood problems, or illnesses wherein a person withdraws
affection or cheerfulness from people in general. The behavior has roots in the
Filipino culture, so the term has no English equivalent, but ​"having a bad day,"
"temperament problem," ​"mood," ​"tantrum," ​"neurosis" and even ​"chronic illness"
may be considered close translations, depending on the context.
● The range of the term ​“sumpong” becomes even more evident when one, not
being able to explain ​“sumpong” more elaborately, at least tries to determine the
locus of causation and control. Some people will tell you that it comes from the
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outside; it is not within one's control. Others will tell you that it is spontaneous
and usually recurrent, but irrelevant to external precipitating factors. Apparently,
there is a shuffling or even virtual absence of locus of responsibility.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMPONG
1. A deviation from usual
- Change from the usual behavior of the person.
2. Temporary durations
- A burst of sumpong do not last for a lifetime.
3. Cynical and recurring in nature
- Goes off them comes back again; vice versa
4. Not directly explainable
- No specific triggers
5. Irrelevant behavior
- Behaviors are aligned to the prior event
6. Non-deliberate
- The person has no control over it

TYPES OF SUMPONG

Highly-specified - Examples are sudden burst goodness, a sudden

burst of industriousness, etc.

High-spirited - Impulsive, hyper and excited, unexpected humor.

Withdrawal - Self-isolated, silent, unapproachable, does not want

to be spoken to.

Aggressive - Hothead, cranky, throw things, impatient, irritable,

MANIFESTATION OF SUMPONG
● Sumpong is usually manifested by those who were not able to sleep well. There
is the absence of a cheerful behavior, and its expression is almost entirely
nonverbal. These manifestations include:
➔ Refusing to eat, work, or play;
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➔ Being unusually quiet;
➔ Simply keeping to one's self;
➔ Withdrawing from the group;
➔ Resisting expressions of affection;
➔ Locking one's self in his or her room;
➔ Not joining friends in group activities;
➔ Not talking to the person concerned, or to people in general.
● These are usually efforts to get the offending party to go away, and if these
behaviors do not work, the person with ​“sumpong” might choose to escalate
them; for example: (1) foot stomping, (2) door slamming, and (3) shouting.

CULTURAL REASON FOR SUMPONG

● While these external manifestations may indeed sound like a temperament or
mood problem in the western sense, the underlying cultural reason for them is
what sets sumpong apart. While tantrums and moodiness have strong negative
connotations in western countries, sumpong is understandable among Filipinos.
In fact, sumpong has positive connotations for the Filipino aside from the obvious
negatives ones. Having sumpong is a manifestation of being able to feel and not
being too passive.
● Like tampo, the cultural behavior sumpong roots from the non-confrontational
nature of Filipino culture. That is to say, it is a way of expressing hurt feelings in a
culture where the direct expression of anger or resentment is discouraged. The
withdrawal behaviors in sumpong are indirect ways of expressing hostility or
resentment.
● It can also be seen as a way by which Filipinos "save face," as direct
confrontation is usually a threat to "smooth interpersonal relationships", which is
a deeply valued in Philippine society

DEALING WITH SUMPONG

● The basic expectation of one who meets a person with sumpong is to go away or
to refrain from jesting with the person. One way of dealing with a person with
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sumpong is to respond to the person with the mood problem with friendly
overtures or expressions of concern. Not to do this may, however, cause
spontaneous healing ​("nawala na ang sumpong") after a short "cooling off"
period. In most cases of sumpong, healing the inner, emotional relationship
between two people is usually more critical than resolving the issue itself.

TERMS OF USAGE

May sumpong - The person has, currently, a temperament

problem that may last for a while.

Sinusumpong - Present participle form, or the person is currently

not in good mood and doing tantrums.

Sinusumpong ng - The person is not in good mood because of a

(asthma, or any other recurring illness, say, asthma or any other illness.
illness)

Susumpungin - Future tense of the word, usually an affectionate

threat.

Sumpungan - Meet the person head-on.

Sumpungin - A humorous adjective that refers to frequent

(accent on the second moodiness or temperament problems.
syllable)

Pasumpong-sumpong - A disease or an illness, such as allergy, that

happens once in a while and quite unpredictable.
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Reference

Kapwa
https://www.pressenza.com/2018/07/roots-of-filipino-humanism-1kapwa/#:~:text=%E2%
80%9CKapwa%20is%20a%20recognition%20of,unlike%20in%20most%20mode
rn%20languages.&text=It%20means%20connecting%20myself%20with,and%20
a%20shared%20inner%20self.
Bahala Na
Andres, T.D. (1994). Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values. Quezon City: Giraffe
Books.
http://www.anythingpsych.com/2013/12/the-psychology-behind-bahala-na/
http://baybayinalive.com/bahala-na-and-bathala/
Lagmay, A.V. (1977). “Bahala na”. In L.F. Antonio, L.L. Samson, E.S. Reyes and M.A.
Paguio (Eds.), Ulat ng Ikalawang Pambansang Kumperensya sa Sikolohiyang
Pilipino (Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Filipino Psychology)
(pp. 120-130). Quezon City: Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino.
Hiya
Bulatao, J. (1964). Philippine Studies. Ateneo de Manila University, 12(3).
https://jfpvreflections.wordpress.com/2016/05/22/sikolohiyang-pilipino/
Sumpong
http://janeahibardolaza.blogspot.com/2020/10/what-is-sumpong-in-filipino-psychology.ht
ml