Reliability – 511 (MID-1, Important Questions)

Q 1: Define reliability.

Ans : Reliability is the probability that a system will perform a required function when operating
under stable condition for a stated period of time.

Q 2: What condition apply to Reliability?

Ans: (1) Reliability is a condition related to chance or probability.

(2) Reliability depends upon the operating condition.

(3) Reliability depends upon the interval for which the system operates.

Q 3: Define Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)

Ans : In the stated period in the operation of a system, the mean value for the length of time between
two consecutive failures, computed as the ratio of total cumulative observed time to the total number
of failures.

MTBF = 1/ λ , where λ is the failure rate

Q 4 : What is relation between reliability function R (t) and failure rate λ (t)

Ans : Relation is as follows:

R (t) = 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡

Q 5: What is relation between MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure ) and reliability function?

Ans : Relation is as follows:

∞
MTBF = ∫° 𝑅 (𝑡) dt

Q 6: What is constant hazard model or constant failure model?

Ans : Let us consider an exponential probability distribution and constant failure rate ;

Failure rate; f (t)= λ𝑒 −𝜆𝑡

Reliability function , R (t) = 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡

Hazard Function, h (t) = f (t)/ R (t) = λ𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 /𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 = λ

Thus for a constant failure rate, hazard rate is also constant and is equal to the failure rate
Q 7: What is Mean Time To Failure (MTTF)?

Ans : Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) is :

∞
MTTF = ∫° 𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡 )𝑑𝑡
∞
= ∫° 𝑡 (λ𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 = [ -t𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 - { -−𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 /λ }]

= 1/ λ

Thus MTTF is the reciprocal of constant hazard rate. It is used generally used for non-repairable items
like bulb, fuse , etc

Q 9 : The failure rate of a mechanical watch is 0.0005 failure per hour. Calculate the MTTF

Ans : Reliability function = 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡

λ = failure rate = 0.0005 per hour

MTTF = 1/ λ = 1/ 0.0005 = 2000 hours

Q10 Write expression for cumulative distribution function and reliability function.

Ans: F (t) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)dx ------------------------------------Cumulative distribution function

R(t) = 1-F(t) = 1-∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

∞
= ∫0 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡---------------------------------------Reliability function

Q 11: What is expression for Weibull distribution?

Ans: The expression for Weibull distribution is as follows

𝑡
F(t) = (𝛽/∝β )X tβ-1X𝑒 −(∝) β

Q 12: The failure rate of a mechanical watch is 0.0005 failures per hour. Calculate MTTF.

Ans: Reliability function is = 𝑒 −ʎ𝑡

ʎ= Failure rate = 0.0005 per hour

MTTF = 1/ ʎ= 1/ 0.0005 = 2000 hour

 Reliability- 511, Fill up the blank
Q 1 Fill up the blank
Reliability is measured --------------------------------------------------
Ans: In term of probability value
Q 2 Fill up the blank
Hazard function in reliability is -------------------------------------------------
Ans: given by λ (defined as failure rate per hour
Q 3 Fill up the blank
Failure rate of a component is 0.002 per hour then value of MTTF is -----------------------------------
And value for hazard function is -----------------
Ans: 500 hours, 0.002 failure per hour.
Q 4: Fill up blank
In case of normal distribution 1 standard deviation will correspond to -----------------------------
Ans: 68% of curve area.
Q 5: Fill up the blank
MTTF is ---------------------------------------
Ans: Mean time to failure
Q 6 Fill up the blank
Life of a bulb may be explained better by -----------------------------------------------
Ans: Exponential Distribution
Q 7: Fill up the blank
Normal distribution may be defined by knowing ------------------------------------------------------
Ans: Standard deviation and mean of distribution
Q 8.Fill up the blank
Reliability is a ------------------------------------------------ function
Ans: Time
Q 9: Bath tub curve describe the variation of ----------------------------during their life time
Ans: Failure rate of component
Q 10: Hazard rate is the ratio of -----------------------------------------------------------
Ans: failure rate and reliability
 Multipoint questions for reliability (511)

Q 1: Reliability is a function

(a) Reliability is time independent

(b) Reliability is time dependent
(c) None of the above
Ans (b)

Q 2: Reliability is a probability which has value

( a) ˂ 1
(b) ≥ 1
(c) 0
Ans: (b)

Q 3: Reliability is a condition that dependent upon

(a) Operating condition

(b) Weather condition
(c) None of the above
Ans : (a)

Q 4: Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) depend upon

(a) Total life of the product

(b) Time between two consecutive failure
(c) Time does not play any role in MTBF
Ans: (b)

Q 5: MTBF is
(a) 2/λ
(b) 1.5 λ
(c) 1/ λ

Ans: (c )

Q 6: Relation between reliability function and failure rate

(a ) R (t) = 𝑒 −2𝜆𝑡

(b) R (t) =𝑒 / λt

(c ) R (t) = 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡

Ans : (c )

Q 7: Hazard function is equal to

(a) 2/λ
 (b) λ/2
(c) λ
Ans : (c )

Q 8: MTTF is
(a) Directly proportional to hazard rate
(b) Reciprocal of constant hazard rate
(c) MTTF is not linked to constant hazard rate
Ans : (b)

Q 9: Conditional probability is given by

(a) P (A/B)
(b) P (A υ B )
(c) P( AᴒB)
Ans ( a)

Q 10: What is normal distribution?

(a) A normal distribution is that which describe the expected life of an electrical component.
(b) A normal distribution is that which describe the pattern of normal population.
(c) None of the above
Ans : (b)