F1

T1 F2
CA1 T2
CB1 CR1
FJ
TJO

FJ
TJO
F3
T3
CR CA CB CR CP1 CP2

A+ R k 1 P1
→
B+2 R k 2 P2
→

OVERALL MASS BALANCE

Assumptions:

 No Spatial Variation
 Incompressible Fluid

Accumulation=∑ Mass Flow Rate−¿ ∑ Mass Flow Rate ¿

Inlet Outlet
dM
=ρ1 F 1+ ρ2 F 2−ρ3 F3
dt

M =ρV

d ρ3 V
=ρ1 F1 + ρ2 F2− ρ3 F 3
dt

Incompressible Fluid ρ1=ρ2= ρ3=ρ

dV dρ3
ρ3 +V =ρ1 F 1+ ρ2 F 2−ρ3 F3
dt dt

dρ3
=0[ No spatial variation thus no change ∈density ]
dt

dV
ρ =ρ(F ¿ ¿1+ F 2−F 3) ¿
dt

dV
=F1 + F 2−F 3
dt

COMPONENT MASS BALANCES

 COMPONENT A

d nA
=C A 1 F 1 +0 F2−C A F 3−(−r A V )
dt

d nA d C A V dCA dV
= =V +CA
dt dt dt dt

dCA dV
V +CA =C A 1 F 1+ 0 F 2−C A F 3−(−r A V )
dt dt

dCA dV
V =C A 1 F 1−C A F 3−(−r A V )−C A
dt dt

dCA
V =C A 1 F 1−C A F 3−(−r A V )−C A ( F 1+ F 2−F 3 )
dt

Reaction1 :−r A =k 1 C A C R
 dCA
V =C A 1 F 1−C A F 3−C A F 1−C A F 2+ C A F 3−k 1 C A C R V
dt

d C A F1 F2 C A
= ( C A 1 −C A )− −k 1 C A C R
dt V V

 COMPONENT B

d nB
=C B 1 F 1 +0 F 2−C B F 3−(−r B V )
dt

d nB d C B V d CB dV
= =V +C B
dt dt dt dt

d CB dV
V +CB =C B 1 F1 +0 F 2−C B F 3−(−r B V )
dt dt

d CB dV
V =C B 1 F 1−C B F 3−(−r B V )−C B
dt dt

d CB
V =C B 1 F 1−C B F 3−(−r B V )−C B ( F1 + F 2−F3 )
dt

Reaction2 :−r B =k 2 C B C R2

d CB 2
V =C B 1 F 1−C B F 3−C B F 1−C B F 2+C B F 3−k 2 C B C R V
dt

d CB F1 F2CB 2
= ( C B 1−C B ) − −k 2 C B C R
dt V V

 COMPONENT R

d nR
=0 F 1 +C R 2 F 2−C R F 3−(−r A V ) −(−r B V )
dt

d nR d C R V d CR dV
= =V +C R
dt dt dt dt
 d CR dV
V +C R =0 F 1 +C R 2 F 2−C R F 3−(−r A V )−( −r B V )
dt dt

d CR dV
V =C R 2 F 2−C R F 3−( −r A V ) −(−r B V ) −C R
dt dt

d CR
V =C R 2 F 2−C R F 3−( −r A V ) −(−r B V ) −C R ( F1 + F 2−F 3 )
dt

d CR 2
V =C R 2 F 2−C R F 3−k 1 C A C R V −k 2 C B C R V −C R F 1−C R F 2 +C R F3
dt

d CR 2
V =F 2 (C R 2−C R )−C R F 1−k 1 C A C R V −k 2 C B C R V
dt

d CR F2 CR F1 2
= (C R 2−C R )− −k 1 C A C R −k 2 C B C R
dt V V

d CR F2 CR F1 2
 = (C R 2−C R )− −k 1 C A C R −k 2 C B C R
dt V V
COMPONENT P1

d nP 1
=0 F 1+0 F 2−C P 1 F 3 + (−r A V )
dt

d nP 1 d C P 1 V d CP1 dV
= =V +C P 1
dt dt dt dt

d CP1 dV
V +C P 1 =0 F1 +0 F 2−C P 1 F 3 + (−r A V )
dt dt

d CP1 dV
V =−C P 1 F 3 + (−r A V )−C P 1
dt dt

d CP1
V =C P 1 F 3 + (−r A V ) −C P 1 ( F1 + F 2−F3 )
dt

d CP1
V =−C P 1 F 3 +k 1 C A C R V −C P 1 F 1−C P 1 F 2 +C P 1 F 3
dt

d CP1
V =−C P 1 ( F1 + F 2) + k 1 C A C R V
dt

d C P 1 −C P 1
= ( F 1 + F2 )+k 1 C A C R
dt V
  COMPONENT P2

d nP 2
=0 F 1+ 0 F 2−C P 2 F3 + (−r B V )
dt

d nP 2 d C P 2 V d CP2 dV
= =V +C P 2
dt dt dt dt

d CP2 dV
V + CP2 =0 F 1+0 F 2−C P 2 F 3 + (−r B V )
dt dt

d CP2 dV
V =−C P 2 F 3 + (−r B V )−C P 2
dt dt

d CP2
V =C P 2 F 3 + (−r B V )−C P 2 ( F1 + F 2−F 3 )
dt

d CP2 2
V =−C P 2 F 3 +k 1 C B C R V −C P 2 F 1−C P 2 F2 +C P 2 F 3
dt

d CP2 2
V =−C P 2 ( F1 + F 2 )+ k 1 C B C R V
dt

d C P 2 −C P 2 2
= (F 1 + F 2)+k 1 C B C R
d V

ENERGY BALANCE

^ +gh+ ½ v 2 ) M
d (U
= ∑ (U ^ + gh+½ v2 ) M −¿ ∑ ( U ^ + gh+½ v 2 ) M ±Q gained/ lost ±W s ±Q Reaction ¿
dt Inlet Outlet

Assumptions and Statements:

 Insignificant Change in Kinetic and Potential Energy

 No Shaft Work
 Heat added into the reactor by the heating jacket
 2 endothermic reactions taking place
 ^≈^
 Working fluid is a liquid, therefore U H
 Incompressible Fluid

^M
dH
=ṁ 1 cp ( T 1−T ref ) + ṁ 2 cp ( T 2 −T ref ) −ṁ 3 cp ( T 3−T ref ) +Q heating +Q Reaction 1+ Q Reaction 2
dt

Q Heating Jacket =U A Jacket ( T J Exit −T Reactor Exit ) =UA ( T Jo −T 3 )

Q Reaction 1=(−r A V ) ∆ H R 1=k 1 C A C R ∆ H R 1 V

Q Reaction 2=(−r B V ) ∆ H R 2=k 2 C B C R2 ∆ H R 2 V

d ( T 3−T ref ) V
ρcp =ρ F 1 cp ( T 1 −T ref ) + ρ F 2 cp ( T 2−T ref ) −ρ F 3 cp ( T 3 −T ref ) + Q heating+ Q Reaction 1 +QReaction 2
dt

Setting T ref =0 ℃

d (T3) dV 2
Vρcp + ρcp T 3 =ρ F1 cp T 1+ ρ F 2 cp T 2− ρ F 3 cp T 3 +UA ( T Jo−T 3 ) + k 1 C A C R ∆ H R 1 V +k 2 C B C R ∆ H R 2 V
dt dt

d (T3) 2 dV
Vρcp =ρ F 1 cp T 1 + ρ F2 cp T 2−ρ F3 cp T 3+ UA ( T Jo −T 3 ) +k 1 C A C R ∆ H R 1 V + k 2 C B C R ∆ H R 2 V −ρcpT 3
dt dt
d (T3) 2
Vρcp =ρ F 1 cp T 1 + ρ F2 cp T 2−ρ F3 cp T 3+ UA ( T Jo −T 3 ) +k 1 C A C R ∆ H R 1 V + k 2 C B C R ∆ H R 2 V −ρcpT 3 (F 1+ F 2−F 3)
dt

d (T3) 2
Vρcp =ρ F 1 cp T 1 + ρ F2 cp T 2−ρ F3 cp T 3+ UA ( T Jo −T 3 ) +k 1 C A C R ∆ H R 1 V + k 2 C B C R ∆ H R 2 V −ρcpT 3 F 1− ρcpT 3 F 2+
dt

d (T3) 2
Vρcp =ρ F 1 cp T 1 + ρ F2 cp T 2+UA ( T Jo −T 3 )+ k 1 C A C R ∆ H R 1 V + k 2 C B C R ∆ H R 2 V − ρcpT 3 F 1−ρcp T 3 F 2
dt

d (T3) 2
Vρcp =ρ F 1 cp ( T 1 −T 3 ) + ρ F 2 cp (T ¿ ¿ 2−T 3 )+UA ( T Jo−T 3 ) +k 1 C A C R ∆ H R 1 V + k 2 C B C R ∆ H R 2 V ¿
dt

d ( T 3 ) ρ F 1 cp ρ F 2 cp UA k 1 C A C R ∆ H R 1 V k 2 C B C R2 ∆ H R 2 V
= ( T −T 3) + (T ¿ ¿ 2−T )+ ( T −T 3) + + ¿
dt Vρcp 1 Vρcp 3
Vρcp Jo Vρcp Vρcp

1 1 1 h h
= + U= o i
U ho hi → ho + hi

ho hi
)A (
d ( T 3 ) F1 F2 h o +hi k 1 C A C R ∆ H R 1 k 2 C B C R2 ∆ H R 2
= ( T 1−T 3 ) + (T ¿ ¿ 2−T 3 )+ T −T
( Jo 3 )+ + ¿
dt V V Vρcp ρcp ρcp
 F1 F1
T1 TJ

TR

V
R

ENERGY BALANCES

 REACTOR

^ +gh+ ½ v 2 ) M
d (U
= ∑ (U ^ + gh+½ v2 ) M −¿ ∑ ( U ^ + gh+½ v 2 ) M ±Q gained/ lost ±W s ±Q Reaction ¿
dt Inlet Outlet

Assumptions and Statements:

 Insignificant Change in Kinetic and Potential Energy

 No Shaft Work
 Heat removed from the reactor by the cooling jacket
 Catalyst reaction taking place
 ^≈^
Working fluid is a liquid, therefore U H
  Incompressible Fluid
 No Input or output from the reactor

^M
dH
=−Qcooling +QReaction
dt

d( T R−T ref )
mcp =−UA (T R−T J )+Q Reaction
dt

Setting T ref =0 ℃

dTR
mcp =Q Reaction−U A jacket ( T R−T J )
dt

Note that the cooling d T R Q Reaction U A jacket (T R−T J ) energy

= −
could have been dt mcp mcp taken
as positive but the
difference in temperature would have to be swapped around yielding:

d T R Q Reaction U A jacket (T J −T R )
= +
dt mcp mcp

This is very much valid as the temperature of the cooling fluid is lower
than the temperature of the reactor, thus the numerical result of
(T ¿ ¿ J −T R )¿will be negative as in the case when Q was assumed to be
negative

 COOLING JACKET

^ +gh+ ½ v 2 ) M
d (U
= ∑ (U ^ + gh+½ v2 ) M −¿ ∑ ( U ^ + gh+½ v 2 ) M ±Q gained/ lost ±W s ±Q Reaction ¿
dt Inlet Outlet

Assumptions and Statements:

 Insignificant Change in Kinetic and Potential Energy

 No Shaft Work
 Heat added by the reactor into the cooling jacket
 ^≈^
Working fluid is a liquid, therefore U H
 Incompressible Fluid
 Flow Rate In = Flow Rate Out
 ^M
dH
H ṁinlet − H
=^ ^ ṁ outlet +Q ¿ reactor
dt

d (T J −T ref )
m J cp = ṁ1 cp ( T 1−T ref ) + ṁ 2 cp ( T 2−T ref ) +Q ¿ reactor
dt

Setting T ref =0 ℃

dTJ
m J cp = ṁ1 cp T 1+ ṁ2 cp T 2+U A jacket (T R−T J )
dt

dTJ
m J cp = ρ F 1 cp T 1 + ρ F2 cp T J +U A jacket (T R −T J )
dt

F 1=F J

dTJ
m J cp = ρ F 1 cp(T 1−T J )+U A jacket ( T R−T J )
dt

d T J ρ F1 cp U A jacket
= (T 1−T J )+ (T R−T J )
dt mJ cp mJ cp

m 1=ρ F1

d T J m1 cp U A jacket
= (T 1−T J )+ (T R −T J )
dt mJ cp m J cp

d T J m1 U A jacket
= (T 1−T J )+ (T R−T J )
dt mJ mJ cp

if F 1=F J thus m1=mJ

dTJ U A jacket
=(T 1 −T J )+ (T R−T J )
dt mJ cp
 OVERALL MASS BALANCE

Assumptions:

 No Spatial Variation
 Incompressible Fluid
 Non-Elementary Reaction [Rate depends on Arrhenius Principle]

Accumulation=∑ Mass Flow Rate−¿ ∑ Mass Flow Rate ¿

Inlet Outlet

dM
=ρ1 v̇ 1−ρ v̇
dt

Note that the circulating line doesn’t need to be part of the mass balance as there’s no
other intermediate process in the circulating loop, so the mass that leaves to the heat
exchanger, is the same that returns as the circulating rate is constant.

M =ρV
dρV
=ρ1 v̇ 1−ρ v̇
dt

There is a valve being adjusted by a controller, so it is thus assumed that the volume
keeps changing.

Incompressible Fluid ρ1=ρ

dV dρ
ρ +V =ρ1 v̇ 1−ρ v̇
dt dt

dρ
=0[ No spatial variationthus no change ∈density ]
dt

dV
ρ =ρ( v̇¿ ¿1−v̇ )¿
dt

V = Ah

h
Due ¿ the valve resistance ¿ flow : v̇=
R

dh h
A =v̇ 1−
dt R

COMPONENT MASS BALANCES

 COMPONENT A

d nA
=C A 1 v˙1−C A v̇−(−r A V )
dt

d nA d C A V dCA dV
= =V +CA
dt dt dt dt

dCA dV h
V +CA =C A 1 v˙1−C A −(−r A V )
dt dt R

dCA h dV
V =C A 1 v˙1−C A −(−r A V )−C A
dt R dt
 dCA h h
V
dt
=C A 1 v˙1−C A −(−r A V )−C A v̇ 1−
R R ( )
Ea
−( )
RT
Reaction1 :−r A =k 1 C A e

Ea
dCA h −(
RT
) h
V =C A 1 v˙1−C A −k 1 C A e V −C A v̇ 1 +C A
dt R R
Ea
dCA −( )
V = v̇1 (C A 1−C A )−k 1 C A e RT V
dt

Ea
d C A v˙1 −( )
= (C A 1−C A )−k 1 C A e RT
dt V

 COMPONENT B

d nB
=C B 1 v˙1−C B v̇+(−r A V )
dt

d nB d C B V d CB dV
= =V +C B
dt dt dt dt

d CB dV h
V +CB =0 v˙1−C B +(−r A V )
dt dt R

d CB h dV
V =−C B +(−r A V )−C B
dt R dt

d CB h h
V
dt
=−C B +(−r A V )−C B v̇ 1−
R R ( )
Ea
d CB h −( ) h
V =−C B + k 1 C A e RT V −C B v̇ 1 +C B
dt R R

Ea
d C B −C B v̇ 1 −(
RT
)
= + k1 C A e
dt V
 ENERGY BALANCES

 REACTOR

^ +gh+ ½ v 2 ) M
d (U
= ∑ (U ^ + gh+½ v2 ) M −¿ ∑ ( U ^ + gh+½ v 2 ) M ±Q gained/ lost ±W s ±Q Reaction ¿
dt Inlet Outlet

Assumptions and Statements:

 Insignificant Change in Kinetic and Potential Energy

 Shaft Work Included
 Heat removed from the reactor by the cooling jacket
 Catalyst reaction taking place
 Working fluid is a liquid, therefore U^≈^H
 Incompressible Fluid
 No Input or output from the reactor
 Recycle line included as it has lost temperature due to the cooler (TFC)

^M
dH
= ρv
˙ 1 cp ( T 1−T ref )− ρv
˙ cp ( T −T ref ) + F c cp ( T Fc −T ref ) +QReaction +W s
dt

dV (T −T ref )
ρcp = ρv
˙ 1 cp ( T 1−T ref ) − ρv
˙ cp ( T −T ref ) + F c cp ( T Fc−T ref ) +Q Reaction +W s
dt

Setting T ref =0 ℃

Ea
dT dV −( )
Vρcp +T R ρcp = ρv ˙ cpT + Fc cp T Fc + ∆ H R k 1 C A e RT V +W s
˙ 1 cp T 1− ρv
dt dt

Ea
−( )
dT dV
Vρcp = ρv ˙ cpT + F c cp T Fc + ∆ H R k 1 C A e RT V −T R ρcp
˙ 1 cp T 1− ρv +W s
dt dt

Ea
−( )
dT
Vρcp = ρv ˙ cpT + F c cp T Fc + ∆ H R k 1 C A e RT V −ρcpT R ( v̇¿ ¿1−v̇ )+W s ¿
˙ 1 cp T 1− ρv
dt

Ea
−( )
dT
Vρcp = ρv ˙ cpT + ρ v̇ c cp T Fc +∆ H R k 1 C A e RT V − ρcpT ( v̇¿ ¿1−v̇ )+W s ¿
˙ 1 cp T 1− ρv
dt

Ea
−( )
dT
Vρcp = ρv ˙ cpT + ρ v̇ c cp T Fc +∆ H R k 1 C A e RT V − ρcpT v̇ 1 + ρcpT v̇ +W s
˙ 1 cp T 1− ρv
dt
 Ea
−( )
dT
Vρcp ˙ 1 cp T 1 + ρ v̇ c cp T Fc + ∆ H R k 1 C A e RT V −ρcpT v̇ 1 +W s
= ρv
dt

− ( RTEa )
dT (T ¿¿ 1−T ) v̇ c ∆ H R k1 C A e Ws
= v̇ 1 + T Fc + + ¿
dt V V ρcp Vρcp

COOLER

T =Temperature of fluid entering the cooler

T Fc =Temperature of fluid exiting the cooler
F c¿ =Volumetric flow rate of fluid entering∧exiting the cooler
T c¿ =Temperature of cooling water ∈the shell

^ +gh+ ½ v 2 ) M
d (U
= ∑ (U ^ + gh+½ v2 ) M −¿ ∑ ( U ^ + gh+½ v 2 ) M ±Q gained/ lost ±W s ±Q Reaction ¿
dt Inlet Outlet

d (T Fc ) ¿ ¿
V tubes ρcp =ρ cpF c ( T −T Fc ) −UA ( T Fc −T c ) +W s
dt

d (T Fc ) F c ¿ UA ( T Fc −T c ¿ ) Ws
= ( T −T Fc ) − +
dt V tubes V tubes V tubes ρcp