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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KHARAGPUR

Date: FN I AN Time : 2 Hrs. Full Marks : 30 No. of Students : 49

Spring Mid-Semester, 2011-2012 Sub No. CE60076 & CE41603

M. Tech. & B. Tech.

Subject Name: Hazardous Waste Management

Answer all questions

Q. l.

(a) Suppose drinking water contains 5.0 mg/1 of toluene (C6H5CH 3 ) and 0.05 mg/1 of
tetrachloroethylene (C 2 Cl4). A 100-kg adult drinks 4 L per day of this water. The RID of
toluene is 0.20 mg/kg-day and that of tetrachloroethylene is 0.010 mg/kg-day.
Calculate the 'Hazard Quotient' (HQ) and 'Hazard Index' (HI).
Would you expect that this water is safe for drinking purpose?

(b) Poly (methyl methacrylate) is used in the manufacture of resins and plastics. The
traditional synthesis of the monomer methyl methacrylate uses acetone and hydrogen
cyanide as reagents, followed by the acidic hydrolysis and esterification of the nitrile
group as shown below:

A green synthesis is the following:

Determine the Atom Economy of both the processes.

[Atomic weight: C = 12, N = 14,0 = 16, S = 32, Pd = 106.4]

(c) How can you measure toxicity? Define NOEL and LOEL.

(4+4+2=~0 points)

fTO
 Q.2

(a) Mention 12 key principles of green chemistry

(b) What is the principle behind AAS?
(c) What is 'Retention Time' in chromatography?
(d) What do you understand by 'Limit of Quantification' and 'Limit of Detection' in
chemical analysis?
2.5 x4 = 10 points

Q.3.

(a) What is QA I QC program?

(b) An exploratory survey of the lead content of soil in an urban area has been carried out.
Five surface (down to 6 em) soil samples were collected using a grid sampling str~tegy
and submitted to the laboratory for analysis. Each soil sample was oven dried at ll 0 °C,
the sample was ground, and a subsample (5.0 g) of each sample was prepared. The
subsamples were each digested in cone. nitric acid (50 ml), and a 5-ml sample was
removed and diluted to 50 ml with water. These solutions gave absorbances of 0.05, 0.25,
0.35, 0.60, and 0.85 at a lead line (217 nm) in an AAS.
Standard solutions of lead (10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/1) gave absorbances of0.12, 0.18, 0.24,
and 0.28, respectively, under the same conditions in the AAS.
(i) Calculate the lead concentrations in the soil samples in mg/kg of soil.
(ii) Comment on the variability in the soil concentrations.
(iii) Explain the purpose of oven drying, acid digestion, and dilution of the acid digest (5
ml) with water to a volume of 50 ml.

(2+8=1 0 points)