NATURAL HAZARDS, MITIGATION, AND ADAPTATION

Geological Processes and Hazards

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, the learners should be able to:
1. Demonstrate understanding of the different hazards caused by geological processes (earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions and landslides)
2. Give practical ways of coping with geological hazards caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides
3. Suggest ways to help lessen the occurrence of landslides in your community

ACTIVITY
Think of some phenomenon such as landslide, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions etc. that you experienced or happened in
your community. (5pts. each)

Answer the following questions:

1. How these phenomenon occurred?

2. What could have triggered this to happen?

LESSON PROPER
Natural Hazards
 Events that occur as a part of natural cycles of Earth and may cause damage to a community.
 The disruption of the normal functioning of a community is called disaster.

Man-made Hazards
 Caused by human interactions; whether human induced intentionally or caused simply from an accident from
something we built.

Vulnerability
 Defines by the United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction.
 It refers to the “characteristic and circumstances of a community, system, or asset that make of it susceptible to
the damaging effects of a hazard.”

MODULES for Date Developed: Module No.

TVL- MECHATRONICS
SERVICING NCII/ ABM-
AUGUST 2020 6 Page 1 of 5
BOOKKEEPING NCIII Developed by: Checked by:
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Giselle M. Mata Arnel S. Gallo
Hazard cause by Geological Process
1. Earthquakes- earthquakes are caused by the
faulting of rocks in the earth’s crust and
mantle.
a. Ground Shaking- ground shaking
motion, a principal cause of the partial
or total collapse of structures, is the
vibration of the ground caused by
seismic waves during an earthquake.
b. Surface Faulting- surface faulting is
the offset or tearing of the ground
surface by differential movement along a fault during an earthquake.
c. Tsunamis- very high, large waves or seismic sea waves caused by the sudden movement of the ocean
floor.

Precautionary Measures for Earthquakes

Before and Earthquake
1. Strap or fasten heavy furniture to the wall.
2. Plan and memorize the exits in a building.
3. Mark the place were first aid kits, fire extinguishers, and communication facilities can be found.
4. Practice earthquake emergency frill regularly.

During an Earthquake
1. Do not panic. Gave a presence of mind.
2. If you’re indoor, drop down to your knees, cover your head and neck with your arms, and stay under a sturdy
table.
3. If you’re outdoor, stay in an open area.
4. If you’re in a vehicle, stop in the safest possible place.
5. Execute what you have practiced in the earthquake.

After the Earthquake

1. Check yourself and other injuries.
2. Check water and electrical lines for damages.
3. Inspect for fire and if there’s any, control it immediately.
4. Avoid using telephone unless in case of emergency.
5. Clean up spills and other flammable materials.
6. Be prepared for aftershocks.
7. Obey public safety precautions.

MODULES for Date Developed: Module No.

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BOOKKEEPING NCIII Developed by: Checked by:
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 2. Volcanic Eruptions- Volcanoes produce a wide
variety of potential hazards that can kill
people and wildlife, as well as destroy
properties. The greatest threats to life are
pyroclastic flows.

a. Lahars and Floods- a lahar (or

mudflow) is a flowing slurry of
volcanic debris and water that
originates on a volcano. The eruption
of a snow-covered volcano can melt enough snow to cause a lahar.
b. Lava Flows and Domes- fluid lava forms long thin flows on slopes and flat-topped lava lakes in flat areas
and topographic depressions, while viscous lave forms short stubby flows on slopes and steep-sided
domes around their vents. In either case lava flows seldom threaten human life because they move
slowly and their path can be predicted.

Volcanic Eruption may only be predicted a week or days before occurrence. Despite Philippines being part of the
Ring of Fire.

Precautionary Measures for Volcanic Eruptions

A volcanic eruption is very destructive. It can lead to serious damage to properties and loss of many live. To
lessen these, listed below are some safety precautions related to volcanic eruptions.

Before
1. Tune-in to the radio or people with authority for information and instructions.
2. Stock some food, water and medicine.
3. Keep flashlights, kerosene lamp, matches and first aid kit ready and accessible.
4. Evacuate if needed.

During
1. Keep calm. Do not panic.
2. If indoor, stay under a sturdy table.
3. Of outdoor, stay in an open area.
4. Cover nose with damp cloth.

After
1. Check yourself for injuries.
2. Tune-in to the radio and people with authority for announcement and instructions.
3. Help in rescuing injured people.
4. Repair damaged properties.

MODULES for Date Developed: Module No.

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BOOKKEEPING NCIII Developed by: Checked by:
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Volcanic Hazard Management Process

Reduce the risk Public Awareness, Planning Laws, Evacuation plans, Hazard
and risk mapping

Prepare
Public information, volcano monitoring, Delimit Safe and
Danger Zone

Manage the eruptions

affects Evacuation, mobilize Emergency Services, Medical
treatment, public information, Danger zones enforced,
Continuous review of eruption based on monitoring

Recovery and Assessment of Hazard Management

Procedure

Volcanic activities is being watched by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology or PHILVOCS.

3. Landslides- Occurring in a sloping terrain.

It can be triggered by rainfall or
earthquake. Tectonic forces push
landscape upward, while gravity
relentlessly pulls it downwards. When
gravity prevails, landslides occur.

1. Rainfall- induced- caused by heavy

rains that can loosen soil and makes
the foundations of the structures
weak.
2. Earthquake- induced- occurs during or
after an earthquake due to gravity.
Earthquakes may either be a natural occurrence or man-made.

Managing Landslides
1. Plant more trees.
2. Build channels for diversion of mudflow.
3. Put together an emergency supply kit.
4. Put important things on containers etc.

MODULES for Date Developed: Module No.

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BOOKKEEPING NCIII Developed by: Checked by:
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If landslides occur without warning:
1. Stay alert.
2. Be attentive.
3. Stay away from lower elevations or paths of debris
4. Take shelter under sturdy table or structure.

SYNTHESIS
Answer the following questions:
1. It is said that Philippines has high vulnerability to natural hazards. What do you think is/are the reason(s)?

2. When does a hazard become a disaster?

3. How can geological hazards be prevented?

ASSESMENT
In an oslo paper. Make a poster on how can you prevent or lessen the occurrence of landslide in your community.
(20pts.)

Steps on how to design your poster:

1. Identify the goal of your poster
2. Consider your target audience
3. Decide where you want to share your poster

REFERENCES
 slideshare.net/KatrinaMeneses/natural-hazards-mitigation-adaptation
 Earth and Life Science by Salandanan-Faltado-Lopez, 2016, Page 69-72

MODULES for Date Developed: Module No.

TVL- MECHATRONICS
SERVICING NCII/ ABM-
AUGUST 2020 6 Page 5 of 5
BOOKKEEPING NCIII Developed by: Checked by:
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Giselle M. Mata Arnel S. Gallo