CHAPTER 3

1. A Freon 12 refrigeration system, with a 10-TR capacity and a coefficient of performance of 3.23,
operates with a condenser pressure of 984.5 kPa and an evaporator pressure of 150.8 kPa. The
temperature entering and leaving the compressor are –10 C and 80 C, respectively. The temperature
entering the expansion valve is 34 C. The compressor is water jacketed and operated with unknown
pressure drops through the valves. Compute (a) the mass flow rate per minute, (b) the indicated
work, and (c) the heat removed by the jacket water.

Solution:

m
er as
co
eH w
o.
rs e
ou urc
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
is

Important Properties
Th

State points p , kPa t ,C h , kJ/kg

1 150.8 -10 348.5
2 984.5 80 396.5
sh

3 984.5 34 232.5
4 150.8 -20 232.5

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 CHAPTER 3

(a) Mass flow rate

m&=
QA
=
(10)(3.516) = 0.3031 kg s
h1 − h4 348.5 − 232.5
m = (0.3031)(60) = 18.20 kg min
&

(b) W& = A =
Q (10)(3.516) = 10.89 kW
COP 3.23
(c) Q loss = W& − m & ∆h
∆h = h2 − h1 = 396.5 − 348.5 = 48 Btu lb
m& (h2 − h1 ) = (0.3031)(396.5 − 348.5) = 14.55 kW
since W& < ∆H , there is an error in this problem. (80 C).

2. A test of a 10-TR ammonia vapor compression refrigeration system gave the following results:
Condenser pressure 1600 kPa
Evaporator pressure 191 kPa
Temperature leaving evaporator coils -10 C

m
er as
Temperature entering compressor 0C
Temperature leaving compressor 100 C

co
eH w
Temperature entering condenser 80 C
Temperature leaving condenser 35 C

o.
Coefficient of performance 3.1
rs e
ou urc
(A) Find heat lost or gained, (a) between evaporator coils and compressor, (b) between
compressor and condenser, and (c) to condenser water.
(B) Find, (a) temperature in the evaporator coils in saturated state, and (b) quantity of the vapor
o

in the evaporator coils following expansion through valve.

aC s

(C) Find, (a) the work, and (b) the heat absorbed by jacket water.
vi y re

Solution:
ed d
ar stu
is
Th
sh

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 CHAPTER 3

Important Properties

State points p , kPa t,C h , kJ/kg

1 191 0 1481
2 1600 100 1661
3 1600 80 1602
4 1600 35 366.1
5 191 -20 366.1
6 191 -10 1460

&=
m
QA
=
(10)(3.516) = 0.032 kg s
h1 − h4 1460 − 366.1
& = (0.032)(60) = 1.92 kg min
m

(A) (a) Q1 (b/w evaporator coils and compressor)

m
& (h1 − h6 ) = (1.92)(1481 − 1460) = 40.32 kJ min

er as
Q1 = m
(b) Q2 (b/w compressor and condenser)

co
eH w
Q2 = m& (h2 − h3 ) = (1.92)(1661 − 1602) = 113.3 kJ min
(c) QR (to condenser water)

o.
QR = m
rs e
& (h3 − h4 ) = (1.92 )(1602 − 366.1) = 2377 kJ min
ou urc
(B) (a) t 5 = temperature in the evaporator coils = −20 C
(b) x = quantity of vapor in the evaporator coils.
o

h5 − h f
x=
aC s

h fg
vi y re

at 20 C, h f = 108.6 kJ kg
h fg = 1328.6 kJ kg
366.1 − 108.6
(100%) = 19.38%
ed d

x=
1328.6
ar stu

Q& (10)(3.516)
(C) (a) W& = A = = 11.34 kW
COP 3. 1
(b) Q& j = W& − m& (h2 − h1 ) = 11.34 − 0.032(1661 − 1481) = 5.58 kW
is

Q& j = (5.58)(60) = 334.8 kJ min

Th

3. A refrigerant 12 refrigerating system operates with a condensing temperature of 38 C and an

evaporating temperature of –12 C. The refrigerant leaves the evaporator and enters the compressor
at –2 C. The compressor is a 4-cylinder, V-arrangement single-acting type, direct driven by an
sh

electric motor at 875 rpm. The clearance is 5 percent, the capacity is 40 tons, bore-to-stroke ratio is
1.25 and the compression is polytropic with n = 1.275 . Determine (a) the bore and stroke, (b) the
piston speed, and (c) the indicated hp of the compressor.

Solution:

3
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 CHAPTER 3

m
er as
Important Properties

co
eH w
State points p , kPa t ,C h , kJ/kg v , m3/kg

o.
1 203.90 -2 352.5 0.088
2
rs e 914.23
ou urc
3 914.23 38 236.5
4 203.90 -12 236.5
o

Solving for m ,
(40)(3.516)
aC s

QA
m&= = = 1.2124 kg s
vi y re

h1 − h4 352.5 − 236.5
1 1
 p n  914.23  1.25
η v = 1 + c − c 2  = 1 + 0.05 − 0.05  = 0.7113
 p1   203.90 
ed d
ar stu

(a) For bore and stroke, D = 1.25L

( )
& ν 1 = (1.2124)(0.088) = 0.1067 m 3 s (60 s min) = 6.4 m 3 min
V&1′ = m
is

ην V&D = V&1′
(0.7113) π (1.25L )2 (L )(875)(4) = 6.4
Th

4
L = 0.1280 m
L = 12.80 cm
sh

D = 1.25L = 16.0 cm

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 CHAPTER 3

(b Piston Speed, Vp
Vp = 2Ln = 2(0.128)(875) = 224 m min
 n −1
  0.275

np V
(c) IP = 1 1  p2  n − 1 = (1.275)(203.90)(6.4)  914.23  1.275 − 1
 p    
n −1 0.275  203.90  
 1    
IP = 2312 kJ min

2312
IHP = = 51.6 hp
(60)(0.746)

4. A food freezing requires 20 tons of refrigeration at an evaporator temperature of –30 C and a

condenser temperature of 35 C. The refrigerant Freon 22 is subcooled 4 C before entering the
expansion valve and the vapor is superheated 5 C before leaving the evaporator. The clearance is
4%, the suction and discharge valve pressure drops are 35 kPa and 50 kPa, respectively.

m
Compression is polytropic with n = 1.08 . The mechanical efficiency is 75%. An 11.5 x 11.5 – cm, six

er as
cylinder single acting compressor running at 1000 rpm is used. Determine (a) clearance volumetric

co
efficiency, (b) piston displacement, (c) total volumetric efficiency, (d) theoretical hp, (e) actual hp, (f)

eH w
heat rejected to condenser cooling water, and (h) quantity of cooling water in the condenser if the

o.
temperature rise is 6 C.

rs e
ou urc
Solution:
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
is
Th
sh

p1 = p6 − 35 kPa
p 2 = p3 + 50 kPa

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 CHAPTER 3

Important Properties

State points p , kPa t,C h , kJ/kg v , m3/kg

1 128.5 396.0 0.175
2 1404.8
3 1354.8
4 1354.8 31 237.9
5 163.5 -30 237.9
6 163.5 -25 396.0

&=
m
QA
=
(20)(3.516) = 0.4448 kg s
h1 − h4 396 − 237.9

m
& ν 1 = (0.4448)(0.175)(60) = 4.67 m 3 min
V&1′ = m

er as
 n −1
  0.08


co
np V  p2 

n
 (1.08)(128.5)(4.67 )  1404.8  1.08 

eH w
W= 1 1  p − 1 =   −1
n −1 0.08  128.5  
 1    

o.
W = (1570 kJ min) rs e
 1 min 
 = 26.2 kW
ou urc

 60 s 
1
v 2  p1  n
= 
o

v1  p 2 
aC s

1
vi y re

v2  128.5  1.08
= 
0.175  1404.8 
v 2 = 0.019 m 3 kg
ed d

at p2 = 1404.8 kPa , v 2 = 0.019 m 3 kg

ar stu

h2 = 440 kJ kg
h3 = h2
1 1
 p n  1404.8  1.08
(a) η v = 1 + c − c 2  = 1 + 0.04 − 0.04
is

 = 0.6742 = 67.42%
 p1   128.7 
Th

V& 4.67
(b) V&D = 1 = = 6.93 m 3 min
η v 0.6742
V&
(c) ηvT = 1
sh

V&DT
π
V&DT = (0.115)2 (0.115)(1000)(6 ) = 7.17 m 3 min
4
4.67
η vT = (100% ) = 0.6513(100%) = 65.13%
7.17

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 CHAPTER 3

(d) TP = W& = 26.2 kW

26.2
THP = = 35.12 hp
0.746
THP 35.12
(e) actual hp = = = 46.83 hp
ηm 0.75
(f) Q& j (heat rejected during compression)
Q& j = W& − m& (h2 − h1 ) = 26.2 − 0.4448(440 − 396) = 6.63 kW
Q& j = (6.63)(60) = 398 kJ min
(g) Q& R = m& (h3 − h4 ) = 0.4448(440 − 237.9) = 89.9 kW
Q& = (89.9 )(60) = 5394 kJ min
R

(h) Q& R = m
& w c w ∆t
5394 = m & w (4.187)(6)
m& w = 214.7 kg min

m
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co
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o.
rs e
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o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
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Th
sh

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