Sara Rittershausen. Peter Bull, Peter Anderson - Happy Orchid - Help It Flower, Watch It Flourish-DK Publishing (2019)

HAPPY
ORCHID
Project Editor Jo Whittingham First American Edition, 2019
Published in the United States by
Designer Philippa Nash
DK Publishing
Senior Editor Alastair Laing 1450 Broadway, 8th Floor,
New York, NY 10018
US Editor Megan Douglass
Copyright © 2018
US Consultant John Tullock
Dorling Kindersley Limited
Design assistance Mandy Earey, DK, a Division of Penguin Random
Karen Constanti House LLC
Picture Researcher Sakshi Saluja 19 20 21 22 23 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–310955–Apr/19
Senior Jacket Creative Nicola Powling
All rights reserved.
Jacket Co-ordinator Lucy Philpott Without limiting the rights under the copyright
reserved above, no part of this publication may be
Senior Producer (Pre-production) reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval
Tony Phipps system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any
means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
Senior Producer Ché Creasey recording, or otherwise), without the prior written
permission of the copyright owner.
Creative Technical Support Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley
Sonia Charbonnier Limited
Managing Editor Dawn Henderson A catalog record for this book

is available from the Library of Congress
Managing Art Editor Marianne Markham
ISBN 978-1-4654-7701-9
Art Director Maxine Pedliham
Printed and bound in China.
Publishing Director Mary-Clare Jerram
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
www.dk.com
Illustrations Peter Bull
Photography Peter Anderson
HAPPY
ORCHID
HELP IT FLOWER , WATCH IT FLOURISH
Sara Rittershausen
CONTENTS FIND
R
Find Your Plant 4 YO U T
THE BASICS 14 PL AN
The World of Orchids 16
Choosing and Buying Plants 18
Potting and Planting 20
Position and Humidity 22
Orchid Care 24
Repotting 26
Propagating 28
Pests and Problems 30
COMET ORCHID TULIP ORCHID
Angraecum Anguloa clowesii
ORCHID PROFILES 32 sesquipedale
pp.34–35
pp.36–37
With detailed information and care

instructions for 143 gorgeous orchids, this
section is packed with all the knowledge
that you need to pamper your plants,
and keep them flowering year after year.
Angraecum Anguloa virginalis

TOP FIVE: Crestwood p.37
p.35
Easy-Care pp.52–53 • Weird and Wonderful
pp.70–71 • Beautifully Simple Display Ideas
pp.88–89 • Multi-Plant Display Ideas pp.106–
107 • Hanging Display Ideas pp.124–125
Index 142
Acknowledgments 144
Angraecum didieri Angulocaste
p.35 Cotil Point
p.37
Aspasia lunata SPIDER ORCHID Bulbophyllum Calanthe tricarinata
pp.38–39 Brassia Orange Elizabeth Ann p.47
Delight pp.42–43 ‘Bucklebury’
p.45
Bletilla striata Brassia Rex Bulbophyllum CORSAGE ORCHID

pp.40–41 p.43 ambrosia Cattleya bowringiana
p.45 pp.48–49
Bletilla ochracea Brassia Calanthe discolor Guarianthe

p.41 Ariana Verde pp.46–47 aurantiaca
p.43 p.50
Bletilla striata alba Bulbophyllum lobbii Calanthe striata Cattleya bicolor

p.41 pp.44–45 p.47 p.50
continued
Cattleya trianiae Coelogyne flaccida Coelogyne speciosa Cymbidium goeringii
p.51 p.56 p.57 p.61
Cattleya forbesii Coelogyne BOAT ORCHID Cymbidium lowianum

p.51 massangeana Cymbidium Castle p.61
p.56 of Mey ‘Pinkie’
pp.58–59
Cattleya purpurata Coelogyne mooreana Cymbidium Cymbidium

p.51 p.57 erythraeum Sarah Jean
p.60 ‘Ice Cascade’
p.61
RAG ORCHID Coelogyne nitida Cymbidium Dendrobium

Coelogyne cristata p.57 erythrostylum Spring Dream
pp.54–55 p.60 pp.62–63
Dendrobium Dendrobium
Comet King Emma Gold
p.63 p.65
PINEAPPLE ORCHID Dendrobium densiflorum

pp.68–69
Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrochilum

Irene Smile Berry Oda infundibulum cobbianum
p.63 pp.66–67 p.69 p.73
Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrochilum

Polar Fire kingianum williamsonii wenzellii
pp.64–65 p.67 p.69 p.73
Dendrobium Sa-Nook Dendrobium speciosum CHAIN ORCHID TABLE MOUNTAIN

Blue Happiness p.67 Dendrochilum ORCHID Disa uniflora
p.65 glumaceum pp.72–73 pp.74–75
continued
Epicattleya JEWEL ORCHID
René Marqués Ludisia discolor
p.79 pp.82–83
Disa Diores
p.75
Disa Kewensis Dracula vampira Laelia anceps Lycaste aromatica

p.75 p.77 pp.80–81 pp.84–85
Dracula bella CRUCIFIX ORCHID Laelia gouldiana Lycaste virginalis

pp.76–77 Epidendrum radicans p.81 p.85
pp.78–79
Dracula simia Epidendrum porpax Laelia autumnalis Lycaste deppei

p.77 p.79 p.81 p.85
KITE ORCHID Maxillaria coccinea Maxillaria variabilis PANSY ORCHID
Masdevallia coccinea p.92 p.93 Miltoniopsis
pp.86–87 Herralexandre
pp.96–97
Masdevallia Maxillaria Miltonia Sunset Miltoniopsis

barlaeana meleagris pp.94–95 Red Tide
p.87 p.92 p.97
Masdevallia coriacea Maxillaria picta Miltonia spectabilis Miltoniopsis

p.87 p.93 p.95 Pink Cadillac
p.97
Maxillaria praestans Maxillaria tenuifolia Miltonia flavescens DANCING LADIES

pp.90–91 p.93 p.95 Oncidium Sweet Sugar
pp.98–99
continued
Oncidium Oncidium Oncidium Paphiopedilum
cheirophorum unguiculatum Mieke Von Holm callosum
p.100 p.101 p.105 p.110
Oncidium CAMBRIA ORCHID Oncostele Paphiopedilum

ornithorhynchum Oncidopsis Catatante delenatii
p.100 Nelly Isler p.105 p.110
pp.102–103
Oncidium Aliceara Oncostele Paphiopedilum

Sharry Baby Peggy Ruth Midnight Miracles Pinocchio
p.101 Carpenter ‘Massai Red’ p.111
p.104 p.105
Oncidium Aliceara SLIPPER ORCHID Paphiopedilum

Twinkle Tahoma Glacier Paphiopedilum Maudiae sukhakulii
p.101 p.104 pp.108–109 p.111
Phalaenopsis Phragmipedium
equestris Sedenii
p.117 p.119
Paphiopedilum wardii
p.111
SLIPPER ORCHID MOTH ORCHID Phalaenopsis Phragmipedium

Paphiopedilum Phalaenopsis Happy Minho Grande
insigne Cool Breeze p.117 p.119
pp.112–113 pp.114–115
Paphiopedilum Phalaenopsis Phalaenopsis Pleione formosana

Leeanum Atlantis Limelight pp.120–121
p.113 p.116 p.117
Paphiopedilum Phalaenopsis SLIPPER ORCHID Pleione

villosum cornu-cervi Phragmipedium besseae bulbocodioides
p.113 p.116 pp.118–119 p.122
continued
OCTOPUS ORCHID Restrepia gutullata
Prosthechea cochleata p.131
pp.128–129
Pleione formosana var. alba

p.122
Pleione Pleurothallis Prosthechea radiata Restrepia brachypus

Piton restrepioides p.129 p.131
p.123 pp.126–127
Pleione pleionoides Pleurothallis truncata Prosthechea garciana UPSIDE-DOWN

p.123 p.127 p.129 ORCHID
Stanhopea tigrina
pp.132–133
Pleione Pleurothallis Restrepia cuprea Stanhopea oculata

Shantung palliolata pp.130–131 p.133
p.123 p.127
Vanda
Stanhopea graveolens
Yellow Magic
p.133
p.139
Thunia Vanda Zygopetalum

Gattonensis Blue Magic Artur Elle
pp.134–135 pp.136–137 pp.140–141
Thunia marshalliana Vanda Vanda Zygopetalum

p.135 Exotic Purple Pink Magic crinitum
p.138 p.139 p.141
Thunia alba Vanda Vanda Zygopetalum mackayi

p.135 Rothschildiana Princess Mikasa Blue p.141
p.138 p.139
THE BASICS
16
THE WORLD
OF ORCHIDS
The basics
The orchid family is the world’s largest group of

flowering plants, with around 30,000 species and over
120,000 hybrids. Once grown only by enthusiasts, many
are now easily available and make ideal houseplants.
GROWING IN THE WILD

Orchids grow in, and have become perfectly
TERRESTRIALS
adapted to, an incredible range of habitats, Terrestrial orchids
from tropical rain forests in Central America, grow with their roots
Africa, and Asia, to semi-arid regions in in the ground, often
Australia and temperate grassland in in grassland or
boggy areas.
Europe. They often thrive where other
plants struggle: clinging to trees or rocks,
surviving cold weather at high altitudes,
or happy in lowland heat.
EPIPHYTES
Many tropical orchids flourish in the
branches of trees as epiphytes. Rather
than taking nutrients from the tree,
their fleshy aerial roots anchor them,
and absorb moisture from the air.
GROWTH HABITS
Understanding whether your orchid has a monopodial or
sympodial growth habit is valuable, because it affects the
way that it grows and flowers, and how it can be propagated.
Each year new

shoots spread
Fleshy sideways to Growth
roots are fill the pot is made
produced upward
from the rather than
rhizome outward
SYMPODIAL ORCHIDS MONOPODIAL ORCHIDS

These orchids spread by a horizontal rhizome These orchids produce new leaves from a central
to form clumps of leaves, often with swollen crown, which means the orchid grows taller each
pseudobulbs beneath them for storing water. year in a single direction. The flower stems
Flowers usually arise from the newest growth. grow from between the leaves.
2 petals
FLOWER STRUCTURE
Column tipped
Orchid flowers are extremely
with pollen cap
variable in size, color, and shape,
but they all share the same, Protruding 3 sepals
symmetrical structure which you lip, formed
will quickly start to recognize. by 3rd petal
18
CHOOSING AND
BUYING PLANTS
The basics
Selecting the right orchid to thrive in your home and

finding a plant in good condition are both important
first steps to success. Here are a few simple tips to help
you choose the perfect, healthy orchid to take home.
RELIABLE SOURCES THINGS TO CONSIDER

Where will I grow it?
Orchids are now widely available Some orchids prefer the warmth found in a living
at low prices online and in many room or kitchen, while others enjoy a cooler
supermarkets. These plants are not room. Choose a plant that will suit its position.
always named, however, and may
not have been properly cared for. How much space do I have?
If you’re looking for a healthy Where space is limited, there are many compact
orchid that will flower repeatedly, and miniature orchids to choose from. Larger
try to buy from an orchid nursery or orchids are spectacular, if you can spare the room.
garden center. An orchid specialist
Do I want an orchid that’s easy to grow?
is a must if you’re after something
Starting with something easy builds up your
more unusual.
confidence and skills. Build on your success by
Be cautious with
moving onto more challenging orchids.
online traders,
as plants may Would I like the flowers to have scent?
be incorrectly Fragrance can be a lovely addition to the flowers,
labeled, not but some orchids have strong scents that are not
as described, always sweet. Make sure you sniff before you buy!
or not even
orchids at all. Do I want it to flower in a particular season?
Some orchids bloom at specific times of year, but
others flower more randomly. Check the profiles,
and seek advice from specialist nurseries.
Dendrobium Berry
Oda (pp.66–67)
BEFORE YOU BUY TRAVELING HOME
When choosing your orchid, check it is a Avoid exposing your new orchid to
healthy plant with plump leaves, pseudobulbs, extremes of weather. Do not leave the
and roots. Wilted or yellow leaves, shriveled plant in a hot car, because the heat will
pseudobulbs, and brown roots are all signs that damage it. In cold weather, make sure
a plant has not been properly cared for. Flowers your plant is wrapped in a plastic or paper
should be fresh, with more buds still to open. sleeve to protect it from being chilled
Avoid plants with drooping flowers and yellow on the journey home. Secure orchids with
buds, because these may have been caused by long flower stems before moving the car,
extremes of temperature. so they do not tip over.
Take care not

to damage long
flower stems
Look for Wrap in

fresh paper to
blooms keep warm
and buds
Plump
pseudobulbs
indicate
good health
Dendrobium Polar Fire (pp.64–65) Pansy orchid (pp.96–97)

20
POTTING AND
PLANTING
The basics
When your new orchid arrives home, check that

it is healthy and potted correctly before putting
it on display. Once its roots are in a suitable
container, caring for your orchid will be simple.
CHECK THE POT CHOOSE A POT

Most orchids should not require If you decide that your orchid needs
repotting until after flowering, but a new container, then take care to
look out for problems. Check that select one that will provide the
the pot has drainage holes: if not, ideal conditions for its roots.
the potting mix will be soggy, the • The new pot should only be
roots will be turning brown, and one or two sizes larger than the
immediate repotting is required. original, making sure that there
Roots curling around the inside of is 3⁄4 in (2 cm) between the plant
the pot, or a top-heavy plant that and the edge of the pot. A pot
tips over easily, also that is too large will lead to over
mean that a new watering. Clear plastic pots help
pot is needed. you to see the health of the
roots. Clay pots are attractive,
but porous, and dry out faster.
• Good drainage is the most

important attribute in a new pot, New, larger pot
because orchids do not like their
roots sitting in water. Choose a
pot with plenty of drainage holes
in the base and even the sides,
too; that way the potting mix
will not get too wet, and the
Table mountain
orchid roots are much less likely to rot.
(pp.74–75) Pot drainage holes
PLANTING
To repot your orchid, remove it from its old pot, clear
the potting mix from its roots, and cut off any dead
roots. Position the roots in the new pot, and fill with
free-draining orchid bark, unless directed differently
in the orchid’s profile. Plastic pots can be placed in a
slightly larger decorative cover pot if you wish, but be
sure not to leave the orchid standing in water. Lower roots
Firm into the pot
roots and add
STAKING into a orchid bark
If your orchid has a tall, upright growth habit,
like many dendrobiums (see pp.62–69), attach
new pot
Choose
the canes to stakes, to support the plant. Long
a slightly
flower stems can also benefit from staking, which
helps to prevent the stems breaking under the
larger
weight of heavy flowers. cover pot
See Repotting
(pp.26–27)
POTTING MIX
Orchid bark is a good
all-round, free-draining
medium for most orchids,
but other options
are recommended
for those that prefer Bark: fine grade Bark: medium grade Bark: coarse grade
Smaller pieces of bark, for A good general grade Chunky pieces for orchids
more moisture. miniature or young plants, for most potted orchids, that require extra
e.g., Pleione. e.g., Oncidium. drainage, e.g., Cattleya.
Potting soil/coir Rockwool Peat moss Coconut fiber

Combine with bark to hold Moisture-retentive medium Used fresh or rehydrated: A denser material that
moisture for damp-growing for orchids that like to be ideal for miniatures, suits terrestrial orchids,
orchids, e.g., Bletilla. wet, e.g., Phragmipedium. e.g., Masdevallia. e.g., Paphiopedilum.
22
POSITION AND
HUMIDITY
The basics
To thrive, each orchid needs to be grown in its preferred

temperature range, and with the right levels of light
and humidity. Creating an environment that reflects
the plant’s native habitat will allow it to flourish.
LOCATION LIGHT
Plentiful light helps orchids
Choosing the right spot for your orchid is an flower, but bright, direct,
important step to success. Some like bright and summer sun burns their
warm positions, while others prefer shady and cool. delicate leaves. Find them a
Check your orchid’s individual profile, and don’t be summer position close to a
afraid to move them seasonally, to provide lower north-facing window, where
temperatures and more light in winter. the sun is naturally weaker,
or provide some shade with
blinds or netting. Foliage can
withstand direct winter sun,
TEMPERATURE so move to a
Orchids usually require one of three south-facing
temperature ranges: cool 50–68ºF window for
(10–20°C), intermediate 54–72ºF winter.
(12–22°C), or warm 59–77ºF
(15–25° C). This 18ºF (10°C)
difference between winter nights and
summer days encourages flowering.
Reduce summer heat with good
shade, ventilation, and humidity.
Maintain warmth in winter by keeping
in a heated room.
Miltonia
Sunset
(pp.94–95)
HUMIDITY MISTING
Create humidity by misting your orchid’s
Many rain forest orchids need good humidity to leaves and roots regularly. Use a small
grow well. Bathrooms and kitchens are usually hand sprayer to provide a fine mist of
quite humid, and there are a few ways to raise water and keep it next to your plants.
humidity in other rooms. An electric humidifier Mist daily during warm weather, and less
is the most effective option, but is costly and often at cooler times, but always in the
energy-intensive. When increasing humidity morning to allow evaporation during the
levels it is vital to improve ventilation as well. day. Use rainwater or soft water, as hard
water coats leaves with lime deposits.
PEBBLE TRAY
Standing pots on a tray of pebbles, which are
kept sprayed with water, allows moisture to
evaporate around your orchids. This helps
combat a dry atmosphere by increasing local
humidity, though the effect is slight. Keep
the pebbles moist at all times, but do not
Spray your orchid’s
allow pots to stand in water, or sink into the
roots and leaves
pebbles, in case the roots become too wet. Spider orchid
(pp.42–43)
CREATE A MICROCLIMATE
Growing orchids grouped together with
other houseplants, like bromeliads and
ferns, creates a microclimate and is one of
the most effective ways to raise humidity.
Moist
pebbles
increase
humidity
Zygopetalum Artur Elle (pp.140–141) Display plants in attractive groups

24
ORCHID CARE
The basics
Orchids are tough plants, often adapted to live

in challenging conditions, so caring for them
is easy and undemanding when you know the
few simple rules to follow.
FLOWERING WATERING
Strong, healthy orchids produce the best Most orchids need to be watered from the
blooms. The way to encourage flowering top of the pot. Roots that are constantly wet
is to water and feed your plant correctly, become prone to rotting, so allow them to
so that its leaves and pseudobulbs grow dry out before watering again. Check the pot
and mature enough to form blooms each weekly, and remember that it’s better to err
year. Ensuring that there are seasonal on the drier side. Submerge very dry pots
changes in temperature, and good winter for 10–20 minutes to rewet the potting mix,
light, also helps orchids to flower reliably. but never leave them standing in water. Use
soft water or rainwater, as hard water deposits
lime in the potting mix. Some orchids need a
winter rest, with little watering, while others
prefer much damper
conditions. Check
each orchid’s
profile for its
individual needs.
Consistent
care leads
to perfect
flowers
Allow water
to run through
the potting mix
Moth orchid (pp.114–115) Water from above

FEEDING REGULAR CARE
Epiphytic orchids live in the trees, where the only Orchids are happiest, and look their
nutrients available come from decomposing leaf litter best, when kept clean and tidy.
dissolved in rainwater. This means that pot-grown
orchids do not need to be fed very often, and that
it’s best to use specialist orchid fertilizers.
• Keep leaves dust-
free and shiny by
HOW TO FEED wiping weekly with
Add fertilizer to water as directed Use a liquid a soft damp cloth.
on the label, and apply every 2–3 “bloom” feed
waterings. Always flush the pot
with plain water in between feeds,
to prevent a build up of salts in the • Remove any dead
potting mix. Fertilizers can also be leaves, or brown
roots to prevent
sprayed onto the leaves, which is
them rotting.
an easy way to feed a few plants.
Ready-to-use sprays are
usually a weaker
dilution, and so
can be used to • Trim off brown
leaf tips. Check that
feed weekly.
watering and light
levels are suitable.
Add feed when watering
• Deadhead flowers,
and remove fallen
DIFFERENT FEEDS flowers to keep the
Using the correct fertilizer for each stage of your plant and pot tidy.
orchid’s growth cycle will produce the best results.
High-nitrogen “grow” fertilizer boosts new leaf
and pseudobulb growth, and should be used when
your orchid’s leaves are actively growing.
High-potash “bloom” fertilizer helps mature new
• Trim off dead,
brown flower stems
leaves and pseudobulbs, and promote the production that have finished
of flowers. Use it toward the end of the growing blooming.
season, when leaves and pseudobulbs are a good
size, and during flowering to prolong the display.
26
REPOTTING
The basics
Orchids that are flourishing will outgrow their

container every few years, and need moving into
a larger pot. Repotting is a simple process when
you follow the easy steps below.
WHEN TO REPOT
It is best to repot your orchid every 2–3

years, because after this time it is likely to
have filled its pot, and the potting mix will
be starting to deteriorate.
Check if the plant is “pot bound.” If the

pot is full of healthy roots, choose a pot
two sizes larger to allow them more space.
Plants that are spilling over the edge of

the pot, or have become top-heavy need
more room. Repot when new leaves and/or
pseudobulbs fill the top of the pot.
Repot immediately if roots have

turned brown and rotted because of
over watering. The potting mix will be
waterlogged, and needs to be replaced.
The best times to repot are after

your orchid has flowered, in the spring,
or when the plant is actively growing.
Some orchids
spread to
“climb” out
of their pot
An orchid that has
become pot bound
HOW TO REPOT
Although monopodial and sympodial orchids look
different, the method for repotting them is the same.
A monopodial orchid is shown here. Sympodial orchids
usually spread faster and need moving more often.
1 Water the day before

repotting. Choose a
new pot 2 sizes larger, with
2 Add a layer of broken
terra-cotta or chips of
polystyrene for extra
3 Remove the orchid from
its pot, and clean the old
potting mix from its roots.
plenty of drainage holes in drainage. Cover with a little Trim off any dead or extra-
its base. A clear pot enables damp potting mix of the type long roots, keeping them
you to see the roots. stated in the orchid profile. 3–4 in (8–10 cm) in length.
4 Position the orchid in

its new pot so its leaves
will sit on the surface of the
5 Hold in position and fill
around the roots with
potting mix, to just below the
6 Water within 24 hours
of repotting, and check
the pot a few days later, as
potting mix. Add more mix pot’s rim. Secure by pushing newly potted plants can dry
if needed. Rigid aerial roots the bark down with your out quickly to start with.
can be left outside the pot. thumbs, or a potting stick. Mist daily as usual.
28
PROPAGATING
The basics
Try propagating from your favorite orchid to make

more plants for yourself, or to share. Although not
every orchid propagates easily, many are simple to
multiply using division or keikis.
KEIKIS MOTH ORCHIDS

These orchids are able to produce keikis
A few orchids can form baby plants, called from the eyes along the length of their
keikis: a Hawaiian word for “little one.” These flower stems. When the keiki has grown
can easily be potted up to create new plants. a few leaves, and several roots at least
2 in (5 cm) long, then carefully remove it
and pot it up. Keikis can form randomly,
DENDROBIUMS but they occur more often if the plant
Keikis can grow on tall Dendrobium has been overfed,
canes. Remove and pot up the keiki or kept too hot.
once it has grown a small, plumped-up
pseudobulb and some roots of its own.
Plants usually produce keikis when they
have been kept too warm and wet during
the winter resting
season. Keikis are
formed instead of
Keikis are
flower buds, so it
identical
is preferable not
clones of the
to have too many.
parent plant
Carefully
cut away
the keiki
Dendrobium Spring
Dream (pp.62–63) Moth orchid (pp.114–115)
DIVIDING SYMPODIAL ORCHIDS
Only sympodial orchids with a spreading habit can be propagated by
division. Divide an orchid when it becomes too large, or to create several
new plants. Wait until after flowering, as it starts into growth.
1 Remove the orchid from

its pot, clean the old
potting mix from around
2 Look carefully to decide
where to divide it.
Divisions with at least
3 Gently pull divisions
apart, or cut using a
sharp knife or shears. Older
roots, and trim off any dead four pseudobulbs, and one pseudobulbs, known as
or excessively long roots. new growth, will be able to backbulbs, need extra care
Tidy up any dead leaves. flower the following season. and time to flower.
4 Select new pots with

enough space for each
division to grow for 2–3
5 Place each division in its
pot, with new growth at
what will be the potting mix
6 Water within 24 hours
of being potted, and
check a few days later, as
years. Add polystyrene level. Hold in position, fill newly potted plants can
chips or broken terra-cotta around the roots with bark dry out quickly to start
for extra drainage. chips, and firm down well. with. Mist daily as usual.
30
PESTS AND
PROBLEMS
The basics
Orchids are not usually troubled by many

problems, but some are prone to a few common
insect pests, and all will encounter difficulties
in unsuitable growing conditions.
PREVENTING PESTS MEALYBUG

A white, fluffy insect found
By keeping a close eye on your orchids you hiding around flowers and
will quickly notice any pests, and be able to between and under leaves, especially
deal with them promptly. Keep any affected on moth orchids. Left untreated they
plants quarantined from healthy plants until multiply rapidly, so tackle promptly to
the pest is cleared. It is good practice to mist prevent a troublesome infestation.
regularly, wipe leaves on both sides to keep
them clean, and remove any dying flowers TREAT IT
and leaves, which can harbor pests. Remove affected flowers and leaves,
then clean remaining leaves with a small
brush dipped in rubbing alcohol, which
RED SPIDER MITE kills the insects on contact. Check and
These microscopic mites enjoy treat the whole plant, the pot, and other
warm, dry conditions, and occur on containers and saucers. If bugs are found
boat and pansy orchids in hot rooms. in the potting mix, they can be treated
Watch for silvery black spots on leaves, with a systemic insecticide, and the
particularly underneath older foliage. plant repotted.
TREAT IT
Keep susceptible plants cool and
humid. Mist regularly above and below
the leaves, and wipe them with a damp
cloth at least once a month.
Mealybug infestation
SCALE INSECT APHIDS
These insects hide under a hard, Greenfly are the main aphid
round, yellow-brown scale, and to affect orchids, and are
can be found in between leaves and stems, commonly found on flowers,
and in any other crevices. They can occur buds, and young leaf shoots.
on most orchids, but most commonly on They come in from outside
corsage and boat orchids. through open doors and windows,
especially in warm weather.
TREAT IT
Check the plant thoroughly, then clean TREAT IT
leaves with a small brush dipped in rubbing Do not treat flowers and buds with any
alcohol, and gently scrub off the scale strong chemicals: simply wash the aphids
insects. The plant can also be treated with off them, and young leaves, with water
a systemic insecticide and repotted into mixed with a little insecticidal soap.
fresh potting mix, to remove the risk of Nectar from flowers attracts aphids. If it
pests hiding in the pot. drips onto leaves, wipe them clean.
RESOLVING PROBLEMS
These problems are usually associated with ROOT ROT
incorrect growing conditions, so take care Brown, spongy roots have rotted as a result
to avoid over watering, excessive light, and of watering too frequently. The leaves of
extremes of temperature. waterlogged plants will turn yellow.
TREAT IT
BUD DROP Trim back any dead and
Flower buds can drop before opening, rotten roots, and repot the plant
due to extremes in temperature, either promptly into fresh potting mix.
chilling or heating, which have put the Keep warm and humid
plant under stress. to encourage new root
growth, and only
TREAT IT water when the
Trim off the flower stem, and move the potting mix has
plant to a better spot. Trim moth orchid dried out.
stems back to a healthy eye, and they
may quickly form new buds.
Rotten brown roots
ORCHID
PROFILES
34
COMET ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Angraecum sesquipedale
During winter and spring, these spectacular, star-shaped
flowers each trail an impressive 12 in (30 cm) spur, which
has been likened to the tail of a comet. As natives of
rain forests, they flourish given high humidity.
VITAL STATISTICS WATER

Check weekly and water from
HOW IT GROWS This orchid is the top of the pot when the
a monopodial epiphyte, which bark is dry. To prevent roots
anchors itself to the branch of rotting, allow excess water to
a tree with its aerial roots. drain and never stand in water.
Create humidity by misting the
leaves and roots daily.
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Forms
the rain forests of an upright fan
Madagascar. of thick leaves.
Flower stems each
carry 1–4 large,
waxy blooms,
and emerge from POSITION
between leaves. Thrives given a bright
position, shaded from
the summer sun, in a
SIZE Foliage can reach warm room with a
12 in (30 cm) tall, and winter minimum of
16 in (40 cm)
spread to 16 in (40 cm) 64°F (18°C). Try a

wide. The slender south-facing bathroom
flower stems grow up to for extra humidity.
16 in (40 cm) tall, and
often arch downward.
16 in (40 cm)
HELP TO FEED THE RELATIVES
FLOWER Boost new spring
High humidity and good light and summer growth Other Angraecum from
encourage flowering in winter with a high-nitrogen Madagascan and African rain
and spring. Once the flowers fertilizer every 2–3 forests thrive in the same
have faded, trim the dead waterings. Mature conditions, but vary in size.
stem back and a brand new this growth and
flowering stem will emerge promote flowering
from between the leaves. with a high-potash
fertilizer in late
summer and fall. No
feeding is required
in winter.
ANGRAECUM CRESTWOOD
A hybrid of A. sesquipedale,
which is more vigorous, and
produces even more large,
pure white flowers.
REPOT
Aim to repot every 2–3 years,
using coarse orchid bark, when
the plant has become top heavy ANGRAECUM DIDIERI
and filled its pot with roots. Aerial This white-flowered, miniature
roots are not necessarily a sign species only grows to around
4 in (10 cm) across and thrives
that repotting is required.
mounted on a piece of bark.
36
TULIP ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Anguloa clowesii
Large, rounded pseudobulbs give rise to long-lasting,
waxy, highly fragrant flowers and impressive
broad leaves, which grow through summer, but drop
naturally from this deciduous orchid in fall.

When new growth starts
HOW IT GROWS This orchid in spring, water weekly
has a sympodial habit, and is into summer to boost the
usually found growing as a new pseudobulbs. Once
terrestrial in damp ground. the summer leaves have
dropped, only water if
the pseudobulbs start to
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Forms wrinkle. Stop watering
to high altitudes a cluster of large during winter to provide
in Colombia and pseudobulbs with a period of dry rest.
Venezuela. broad, deciduous
leaves. Single,
strongly scented
flowers shoot up
from the base.
POSITION
SIZE Can reach In spring and summer, keep as cool
32 in (80 cm) high and as possible (below 68ºF / 20ºC) and
32 in (80 cm)
spread to 20 in (50 cm) shade the soft leaves to prevent

wide in leaf. Smaller direct sunlight burning them. Place
when dormant. in a cool, unheated room during
Flowers stand up to winter, where the temperature drops
20 in (50 cm) tall.
to 50°F (10°C) at night.
20 in (50 cm)
FLOWER Fuel new growth with a
A cool winter rest and high-nitrogen fertilizer All species of Anguloa are
strong summer growth every 2–3 waterings deciduous, cool-growing, and
both promote good throughout spring and need a winter rest. They are
blooms. After flowering, summer. Use a high- also often scented.
trim the dead stems back potash fertilizer in late
to the base of the plant. summer and fall to
mature the growth and
encourage flowering.
Do not feed in winter.
ANGULOA VIRGINALIS
A more forward-facing flower,
but still tulip-like, in white or
soft pink with darker pink
patterning inside. Originates
from South America.
REPOT
Large new
pseudobulbs are
produced each year,
which will fill the pot
quickly. Repot every
1–2 years in summer
after flowering, ANGULOCASTE COTIL POINT
using a mix of fine The amazing textured and
bark, perlite, and heavily scented flowers of this
hybrid have a tulip-like shape,
peat moss.
but unfurl their petals like their
Lycaste parent.
38
ASPASIA LUNATA
Orchid profiles
Easy to cultivate and free-flowering, Aspasia lunata

is ideal for beginners looking to try their hand at
growing a species orchid, and its diminutive size means
it won’t take up too much space on the windowsill.
VITAL STATISTICS
HOW IT GROWS This orchid has WATER
a sympodial habit, and grows
Water from the top of the pot and
as an epiphyte on the branches
drain well so the pot never stands in
of trees, anchored by strong
water. In spring and summer water
aerial roots.
weekly, reducing to every 2–3 weeks
in fall and winter. Allow bark to dry
out in between waterings.
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Produces
to the tropical oval, flattened
forests of Brazil pseudobulbs, each
and Bolivia. topped with a pair
of short leaves. A
rhizome connects
the pseudobulbs,
giving the plants
a creeping habit.
POSITION
Suits a shaded position with an
intermediate temperature range
SIZE Foliage grows to of 54–72ºF (12–22ºC). Don’t allow
12 in (30 cm) high and winter temperatures to dip lower.
12 in (30 cm)
will spread to 8 in Try a humid bathroom or kitchen

(20 cm) or more. window, where leaves can be
Flowers are produced at misted daily.
the tips of short stems
4 in (10 cm) tall.
8 in (20 cm)
HELP TO FEED 39
FLOWER In spring and summer, a high-
Aspasia lunata
Given warm temperatures nitrogen fertilizer every 2–3
and daily misting of the waterings encourages new growth,
leaves, blooms will appear while a high potash-fertilizer in
in fall. When flowers fade, late summer and fall matures
trim the short dead stems growth and promotes flowering.
back to the base. Do not feed during winter.
REPOT
It is time to repot when
the new pseudobulbs have
reached the edge of the
pot. This can be necessary
every 2–3 years, or more
often if a plant is thriving.
Use medium or coarse
orchid bark.
“Suits a temperature range

of 54–72ºF (12–22ºC). Don’t
allow winter temperatures
to dip lower.”
40
BLETILLA STRIATA
Orchid profiles
Stand this showy orchid outdoors in summer and bring

inside to avoid any winter frosts. It puts on a great
display of flowers in spring and early summer, then
drops its leaves in winter for a well-earned rest.
VITAL STATISTICS
WATER
Begin watering weekly when
HOW IT GROWS A sympodial
the new shoots grow in spring,
orchid, which is found growing
as a terrestrial in damp soil. Its
and continue through summer
spreading habit allows it to form to promote the growth of new,
attractive clusters of foliage. underground pseudobulbs.
Stop watering once the leaves
have dropped, to give the
plant a dry winter rest.
shady woodland pseudobulbs below
in Japan, China, ground, which
and Korea. multiply in summer
to form a clump.
New shoots produce
a flower stem from
their center.
POSITION
A shady spot outdoors in the
garden is ideal in spring and
SIZE Flower stems summer. Direct sunlight may
can reach 24 in (60 cm), burn the leaves, but come fall
24 in (60 cm)
held above the 16 in they will drop anyway. Before

(40 cm) long, narrow frosts arrive, move to a
leaves. Plants can conservatory or cool porch,
easily reach a width which is frost-free but light,
of 8 in (20 cm).
for the winter rest.
8 in (20 cm)
HELP TO FEED
THE
FLOWER Add a high-nitrogen fertilizer to RELATIVES
Feed and water the water every 2–3 waterings All the orchids from the
during spring throughout spring and summer small Bletilla group are
and early summer, to boost the new pseudobulbs’ deciduous and enjoy the
to produce new growth. Switch to a high-potash same cold conditions.
flowering shoots. fertilizer in late summer and
Trim back fall to mature growth and
dead stems. encourage flowering. Stop
feeding in winter.
BLETILLA OCHRACEA
A species from Vietnam
and China, with creamy
yellow flowers and
markings on the lip. Also
happy growing outdoors.
REPOT
Carry out annual repotting in
spring, when the new shoots emerge.
Remove old potting mix along with any BLETILLA STRIATA ALBA
older, dead pseudobulbs,and repot with a This charming form of
mix of fine bark, perlite, and peat moss to B. striata is easy to grow and
has pure white flowers, which
keep the roots moist all summer.
shine in a shady spot.
42
SPIDER ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Brassia Orange Delight

This exotic-looking orchid is thought to resemble
a spider with its long, orange petals and spotted
lip. Its compact habit and ease of cultivation
make this hybrid a popular choice for beginners.

Water from the top of the
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial pot and allow to drain well,
epiphyte on the branches of never standing the pot in
trees, with strong aerial roots water. Allow to dry out well
to anchor it. in between waterings, and
water weekly during spring
and summer growth, and
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Forms a every 2–3 weeks in fall
Central America, spreading rhizome and winter.
Venezuela, and with large, oval
northern Brazil. pseudobulbs, each
producing a pair of
broad leaves from
the tip, and a flower
stem from the side.
POSITION
Needs intermediate
SIZE Leaves can grow temperatures, from 54ºF (12ºC)
up to 12 in (30 cm) in a bright position in winter,
12 in (30 cm)
high, and the arching to a maximum of 72ºF (22ºC) in

flower stems reach the summer, in good, indirect light
same height. In time to stop leaves burning. Try a
plants can spread to humid bathroom, where leaves
20 in (50 cm) wide.
can be misted regularly.
20 in (50 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER FEED THE RELATIVES
Good light and humidity will Apply a high-
encourage flowering each nitrogen fertilizer The many Brassia hybrids
year, usually in summer. When every 2–3 waterings have a range of long-petaled,
the flowers have died, trim the during growth, spidery flowers in shades and
dead stems back to the base. which usually patterns of green and red.
occurs in winter.
Use a high-potash
fertilizer to mature
growth during
spring and promote
flowering.
BRASSIA REX
A bigger, more robust
hybrid than B. Orange
Delight, with 6–8 large,
green and maroon flowers
on a tall, arching stem.
REPOT
orchid bark to repot
when the pseudobulbs
have reached the edge
of the pot. This is usually
necessary every 2–3 BRASSIA
years, but sometimes ARIANA VERDE
more often for fast- Long stems packed
with yellow-green flowers,
growing plants. each dramatically marked
with dark red, make this larger
hybrid extremely striking.
44
BULBOPHYLLUM
LOBBII
Orchid profiles
Given warmth, this makes an easy and dramatic

addition to a beginner’s collection, with striking
yellow summer flowers and a sprawling habit
well-suited to a hanging basket.

Water from the top of the pot
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial and allow to dry out throughly
epiphyte on the branch or between waterings, never
trunk of a tree, with aerial leaving the plant standing
roots to anchor it. in water. In spring and
summer, water weekly,
reducing to every 2–3 weeks
ORIGIN From ANATOMY The in fall and winter.
Borneo, Indonesia, creeping rhizomes
the Philippines, and produce rounded
Malaysia. pseudobulbs, each
with one leathery
leaf. A single flower
tops each stem.
POSITION
SIZE Leaves and flower Shield from direct summer sunlight
stems of mature plants in a north-facing room, moving into
16 in (40 cm)
can both reach 16 in sunlight during winter. Choose a

(40 cm) high. Plants warm room, like a kitchen or living
will sprawl to 12 in room, with a maximum summer
(30 cm) wide in time. temperature of 77ºF (25ºC) and a
minimum of 59ºF (15°C) at night.
12 in (30 cm)
FEED THE RELATIVES
Plants producing new growth in
spring and summer need a high- The bizarre flowers of this
nitrogen fertilizer every 2–3 waterings. large genus come in many
Switch to a high-potash fertilizer in shapes and sizes. These
late summer and fall to mature the examples thrive in the same
growth and encourage flowering. No conditions as B. lobbii.
feeding is required in winter.
HELP TO
FLOWER
Warm conditions and
consistent watering
through spring and
summer will produce
summer blooms each
BULBOPHYLLUM ELIZABETH
year. Trim spent flower ANN ‘BUCKLEBURY’
stems to the base. A beautiful hybrid, with semi-
circular sprays of long-tailed
pink flowers hanging down
from each arching stem.
REPOT
Use medium or coarse orchid bark
to repot, when new pseudobulbs have BULBOPHYLLUM AMBROSIA
reached the edge of the pot. This is usually Subtly colored and smaller-
necessary every 2–3 years, but wait until flowered, this creeping, clump-
forming species is suited to
after flowering when new leaf shoots show.
viewing from a hanging pot,
like many of its relatives.
46
CALANTHE
DISCOLOR
Orchid profiles
Tall stems of delicate bicolored flowers

suit the cool shade enjoyed by this
hardy species, which flourishes in a
cold conservatory or greenhouse.

Water weekly in spring and
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial summer when in leaf, ensuring
terrestrial in damp, shady that the roots are kept moist
rain forest at low altitude, throughout the growing season,
close to streams and springs. but keep drier in winter once the
leaves have dropped. Water from
the top and allow to drain.
to China, Japan, broad, soft leaves
and Korea. from underground
pseudobulbs. Stems
bearing flowers
emerge from new
rosettes of leaves.
POSITION
Keep in a cold room, such as an
SIZE Rosettes of unheated porch or conservatory,
leaves can reach 12 in with shading to protect the
20 in (50 cm)
(30 cm) high and 8 in foliage from direct summer

(20 cm) wide, with sunlight. These tough orchids
flower stems up to are hardy to 23ºF (-5°C), so
20 in (50 cm) tall. could also be grown outdoors.
8 in (20 cm)
HELP TO THE RELATIVES
FLOWER
Ensuring that plants Both of these Calanthe grow
receive cold, dry well in cool conditions,
winter conditions given plenty of shade, and
will promote blooms are hardy to 23ºF (-5°C).
in spring and summer.
When the last flowers
finally fade, trim off
the dead flower stem.
FEED
Apply a high-
CALANTHE STRIATA
nitrogen fertilizer A spectacular species,
every 2–3 waterings producing a graceful spike
during spring and of long-lasting, bright yellow
summer growth. flowers; native to Japan,
Korea, and Taiwan.
Use a high-potash
fertilizer in late
summer and fall
to encourage
flowering.
REPOT
Repot or plant out in
early spring when the
new shoots start to CALANTHE TRICARINATA
grow. Use an organic An attractive green flower
potting mix that retains with dark red on the lip; from
Pakistan in the west across the
moisture well.
Himalayas to Japan in the east.
48
CORSAGE ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Cattleya bowringiana
Given warm growing conditions, and the right seasonal
light levels, this orchid will produce large, delicately
scented blooms. These glamorous, long-lasting flowers
were once popular corsages among Hollywood stars.
VITAL STATISTICS
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial WATER
epiphyte on the branches of Water from the top of the pot and
trees, with strong aerial roots allow to drain well; do not stand
to anchor it. in water. Allow to dry out well
between waterings. Plants may
require water weekly in spring and
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Rhizomes summer, and every 2–3 weeks in
to Guatemala grow horizontally, fall and winter.
and Belize. and form elongated,
oval pseudobulbs,
from which emerge
one or two leathery
leaves, and a sheath
of 2–4 flower buds. FEED
Boost new growth throughout
spring and summer by applying a
SIZE Foliage can reach high-nitrogen fertilizer every 2–3
18 in (45 cm) wide waterings. Move to a high-potash
24 in (60 cm)
and 24 in (60 cm) high, fertilizer in late summer and fall

with flowers up to 3 in to mature the growth and
(8 cm) across sitting encourage flowering. Feeding is
just above the leaves. not required in winter.
18 in (45 cm)
HELP TO 49
FLOWER
Corsage orchid
Keep plants in good light,
and dry during winter, to
encourage flowering in
summer and fall. When the
flowers die, trim the short
stem back to the top
of the pseudobulb.
POSITION
Suits a warm room,
such as a kitchen or
lounge, which does not
fall below 54ºF (12°C).
Keep in a north-facing
room and shade from
the summer sun to
REPOT prevent leaves burning,
These orchids have a long rhizome but move into direct
connecting the pseudobulbs, so can sun in winter.
end up creeping over the edge of the
pot quite easily. This means they need
to be repotted into a larger pot every
2–3 years with coarse orchid bark.
THE RELATIVES
THE RELATIVES
Corsage orchids
Corsage orchids are found throughout South
America, and come in all forms, from miniature
species to large, blowsy hybrids. Whichever you
choose, they all enjoy the same warm conditions.
GUARIANTHE AURANTIACA ▶
Closely related to cattleyas, this
orchid from Mexico and Central
America boasts dense heads of
bright orange flowers.
◀ CATTLEYA BICOLOR
This tall species can reach 24 in
(60 cm) high. Its slender
pseudobulbs are surprisingly strong,
and produce bold bronze and
magenta flowers.
51
Corsage orchids
◀ CATTLEYA TRIANAE
The impressive, frilled,
scented, lavender flowers of
this slow-growing species can
reach up to 8 in (20 cm) across.
CATTLEYA FORBESII ▶
More compact than most corsage
orchids, reaching 10 in (25 cm) tall,
this green-bloomed Brazilian species
is free-flowering and easy to grow.
◀ CATTLEYA PURPURATA
This species delivers large heads
of several white, fragrant flowers,
although the color of the frilly
purple lip varies among its many
natural varieties.
52 TOP FIVE
EASY-CARE
Choosing an orchid that’s right
for you can be a challenge. These
varieties are all easy to care for
and will make sure you get off to
a successful start.
1
MOTH ORCHID
Phalaenopsis
Cool Breeze
With their long-lasting
blooms and ability to
thrive in any warm room,
moth orchids are all
perfect for beginners.
This classic, crisp white
variety flowers freely
all year round, and will
add a touch of elegance
to any space.
See pp.114–115.
2
DANCING LADIES
Oncidium
Sweet Sugar
This easy-going hybrid is a
must for any cool room, where
its gorgeous sprays of bright
yellow flowers will add a vivid
splash of color for weeks at a
time, and will flower reliably
every year when mature.
See pp.98–99.
3
Pleione formosana
Given a cold room, this dainty little species
orchid couldn’t be simpler to care for. The rule to
remember is: when it has leaves, water it, and
when it doesn’t, don’t. After a few years, large
plants produce a fabulous early-spring display.
See pp.120–121.
4
WARM-GROWING
SLIPPER ORCHID
Paphiopedilum
Maudiae
This exotic appearance of
this slipper orchid belies the
fact that it is trouble-free
to grow, and will do well
alongside moth orchids in
a warm room. An elegant
green flower will emerge
once a year from the newest
rosette of mottled leaves.
See pp.108–109.
5
Dendrobium
Berry Oda
Encourage this tough Australian orchid to
produce its striking sprays of fragrant, pink
flowers in spring simply by keeping it in a cool
room and allowing the roots to dry out in winter.
See pp.66–67.
54
RAG ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Coelogyne cristata
Mimicking the summer monsoon rains and dry
winters of the rag orchid’s native range is the key
to success. The ragged edges of these striking, snow-white
winter flowers inspired their name

In spring, water weekly and continue
HOW IT GROWS This orchid as the new pseudobulbs grow through
is an epiphyte with a spreading, summer. Once the pseudobulbs have
sympodial habit, which anchors matured, only water when they start
itself to trees with aerial roots. to wrinkle. This species needs a winter
rest, so hardly any water is needed for
the winter months.
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY This
cool, moist areas in spreading orchid
northern India and forms a tight
the Himalayas. clump of rounded
pseudobulbs, which
produce dark green
leaves, and increase POSITION
in number annually. Keep cool in summer,
with a maximum of 68ºF
(20ºC), and shaded from
SIZE Leaves reach 8 in direct sun: a north-
(20 cm) high, with facing room is ideal.
large flowers held Choose a cool, unheated
among them on 12 in room in winter, where
12 in (30 cm)
(30 cm) long stems. In the temperature drops

time, clumps spread to to 50ºF (10°C) at night.
16 in (40 cm) wide.
16 in (40 cm)
HELP TO 55
FLOWER
Rag orchid
Plants kept cold and dry
during winter will flower
well in late winter and
early spring, and produce
good summer growth.
When the flowers have
died, trim the dead stems
back to the base.
FEED
Use a high-nitrogen fertilizer
every 2–3 waterings throughout
spring and summer to fuel the
new growth. Move to a high-
potash fertilizer in late summer
and fall to mature the growth
REPOT and encourage flowering. No
Move into a larger pot every 2–3 years in feeding is needed in winter.
summer after flowering, when the new
pseudobulbs reach the edge of their current
pot. Use medium grade orchid bark. These
orchids form large clumps in time, but can
be divided up and repotted if too big.
THE RELATIVES
THE RELATIVES
Rag orchids
Orchids from the large Coelogyne family are found
across Southeast Asia, in a fascinating array of sizes
and flower colors. They all enjoy plentiful moisture
while growing followed by a dry period of rest.
COELOGYNE FLACCIDA ▶
An elegant species found at high
altitudes from Nepal to Thailand.
Its arching flower stems hold many
fragrant, creamy white blooms.
◀ COELOGYNE MASSANGEANA
Long, pendent stems of soft yellow
blooms emerge from among large
leaves and pseudobulbs, often
twice a year. This species prefers
slightly warmer conditions.
57
Rag orchids
◀ COELOGYNE MOOREANA
A beautiful and sought-after
species from Vietnam, with an
upright stem of large, white,
orange-throated flowers.
COELOGYNE NITIDA ▶
This delightful spring-flowering
species has sparkling white flowers,
with a yellow-orange lip, which are
extremely sweetly scented.
◀ COELOGYNE SPECIOSA
Unusual and attractive, the large,
dark apricot-colored flowers
of this species are produced in
succession during winter.
58
BOAT ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Cymbidium Castle of Mey ‘Pinkie’

Ideal for a cool room, this smaller-flowered
boat orchid is a good choice for beginners,
with elegant strap-like leaves and tall
stems of delicate, shell-pink flowers.

HOW IT GROWS pot and drain well. Never
This sympodial stand in water. In spring
orchid can naturally and summer, water weekly,
be either epiphytic and every 2–3 weeks in fall
or terrestrial. and winter. Let the pot dry
between waterings.
to India and tightly packed
Southeast Asia. pseudobulbs and
arching, strap-like
leaves. Tall, curved
flower stems are
borne from winter POSITION
to spring. Keep cool (below 68ºF/ 20ºC)
and shade from direct sunlight
during summer: a north-facing
SIZE The leaves room or shady spot outdoors
reach up to 20 in is ideal. In winter, keep in
28 in (70 cm)
(50 cm) tall and spread an unheated room, where the

12 in (30 cm) wide. temperature drops to 50ºF
The impressive flower (10°C) at night.
stems can be 28 in
(70 cm) high.
12 in (30 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER 59
A cool winter will encourage
Boat orchid
prolific flowering, as will
strong summer growth.
When the flowers have died,
trim the dead stems back to
the base of the plant.
FEED
In spring and summer, feed
new growth with a high-
nitrogen fertilizer every
2–3 waterings. Change to
a high-potash fertilizer in
late summer and fall to
encourage flowering. Do
not feed in winter.
REPOT
Every 2–3 years, or when the
pseudobulbs have filled the
top of the pot, repot in the
spring, once flowering has
finished. Use medium or
coarse grade orchid bark.
THE RELATIVES
THE RELATIVES
Boat orchids
There are many attractive boat orchid hybrids to
choose from, but don’t overlook the less commonly
grown species, which will also flourish in the same
cool growing conditions.
CYMBIDIUM ERYTHRAEUM ▶
Tall flower stems grow among
long, thin leaves, and bear
unusual, scented, green-tinged
flowers, striped with terra-cotta.
◀ CYMBIDIUM
ERYTHROSTYLUM
A relatively compact and easy-
to-grow species from Vietnam,
with elongated white flowers,
striped in red on the central lip.
61
Boat orchids
◀ CYMBIDIUM GOERINGII
This miniature species, from
Japan, China, and Korea, has
delicate green flowers, and is
known as the noble orchid.
CYMBIDIUM LOWIANUM ▶
The spectacular yellow-green
flowers of this large species
have a contrasting rust-red lip,
and are produced on stems up
to 3 ft (1 m) tall.
◀ CYMBIDIUM SARAH JEAN

‘ICE CASCADE’
Ideal for a hanging basket,
this easy variety produces many
pendent flower stems dripping
with pure white flowers.
62
DENDROBIUM
SPRING DREAM
Orchid profiles
Reliable, with stems smothered in scented

white flowers, this is one of many cool-
growing dendrobiums. Popular houseplants,
they need to be kept away from summer heat.
VITAL STATISTICS
WATER
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial Water from the top and
epiphyte, with aerial roots to drain well. Never stand
anchor it to the branch of a tree. the pot in water. Water
weekly during spring
and summer, and every
2–3 weeks in fall and
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Leaves
winter. Allow to dry out
to India and are produced along
between waterings.
Southeast Asia. tall, green, cane-
like pseudobulbs,
which grow to form
a clump. Clusters of
flowers bloom along
each cane’s length. POSITION
Keep cool (below 68ºF/20ºC)
during summer and out of direct
SIZE Sturdy flowering sunlight to prevent leaf damage:
canes reach up to 24 in a north-facing room is ideal. In
24 in (60 cm)
(60 cm) tall, and winter, move to a cool, unheated

mature specimens will room, where the temperature
spread to form stands drops to 50ºF (10°C) at night.
of flowering canes up
to 10 in (25 cm) across.
10 in (25 cm)
FLOWER
A cool winter, and good These other cool-growing
summer growth thanks Dendrobium hybrids thrive in
to careful feeding and the same conditions, but come
watering, will promote in an array of bold colors.
flowers every year.
When flowers die, trim
off their short stems,
but do not cut the tall,
canelike pseudobulb.
FEED DENDROBIUM COMET KING

Apply a high-nitrogen Large, scented flowers in rich
fertilizer every 2–3 magenta-pink with a contrasting
waterings in spring white and yellow center cluster
and summer to boost around each cane.
new growth. A high-
potash fertilizer in late
summer and fall will
mature growth and
REPOT
Repot in the spring, after
flowering, every 2–3 years, or DENDROBIUM
when the tall pseudobulbs have IRENE SMILE
spread to fill the top of the pot. This variety has a striking
combination of white flowers
Use medium grade orchid bark. with dark pink tips and a
pale green center.
64
DENDROBIUM
POLAR FIRE
Orchid profiles
This beautiful, compact plant has slender winter

stems of long-lasting, white flowers, with
magenta-stained centers. It is a warm-growing
Dendrobium; ideal for a cozy, bright room.
VITAL STATISTICS
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial
epiphyte, with aerial roots to WATER
anchor it to the branch of a tree. Water from the top of the pot and
allow to drain well, but never
stand in water. Water weekly in
spring and summer, and every
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Upright, 2–3 weeks in fall and winter.
to the forests of thick, canelike Always allow the roots to dry out
Southeast Asia. pseudobulbs grow well in between waterings.
in a clump. Flower
sprays emerge from
their tips on long,
slender stems.
POSITION
SIZE When in leaf, the Thrives in a warm room, such as a
canes can reach 8 in kitchen, which has a maximum of
20 in (50 cm)
(20 cm) tall. Topped 77ºF (25ºC) and doesn’t fall below
with flower stems, they 59ºF (15°C) at night. Shade the
grow to 20 in (50 cm) leaves in summer, but move into
high. Plants spread direct sunlight in winter.
to 8 in (20 cm) wide.
8 in (20 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER THE RELATIVES
Warmth and good light encourage
a spray of flowers from the tip of Dendrobium hybrids that
the newest pseudobulb when it flourish in warm conditions
matures. When the flowers fade, produce long-lasting blooms
trim the dead stems back to the in a wide range of colors.
cane, but do not cut off the tall,
canelike pseudobulb.
FEED
When plants are
in growth during
spring and summer,
use a high-nitrogen
DENDROBIUM SA-NOOK
fertilizer every 2–3 BLUE HAPPINESS
waterings. Change The unusual deep purplish-blue
to a high-potash hue of these flowers is striking
fertilizer in late and contrasts beautifully with
the pale buds.
summer and fall
to mature growth and
REPOT
Repot every 2–3 years in
spring, after flowering,
once the upright
pseudobulbs have spread
to fill the top of the pot. DENDROBIUM EMMA GOLD
Use medium grade Long stems are laden with flowers
orchid bark. in an eye-catching combination
of yellow-green and burgundy,
which last well when cut.
66
DENDROBIUM
BERRY ODA
Orchid profiles
Kept cool and well-drained, this tough Australian

Dendrobium will reward beginners with plentiful
pink, fragrant flowers in late winter and spring.

HOW IT GROWS As an epiphyte pot, allow to drain well, and
with a spreading, sympodial never stand the pot in water.
habit, and aerial roots to anchor Always let roots dry out
it to the branch of a tree. between waterings. Water
weekly in spring and summer,
and every 2–3 weeks in fall
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Forms and winter.
to open forests in clumps of upright,
eastern Australia. thin pseudobulbs,
which produce
several leaves along
their length, and
a spray of flowers
at their tip. POSITION
In summer, place in a
north-facing room to keep
SIZE The pseudobulbs plants as cool as possible
and leaves can reach a and the delicate leaves
20 in (50 cm)
height of 16 in (40 cm), shaded from direct sunlight.

increasing to 20 in Transfer to a cool, unheated
(50 cm) when topped room in winter, where the
with flowering stems. temperature drops to 50ºF
Mature plants spread
(10°C) at night.
to 10 in (25 cm).
10 in (25 cm)
A period of cool in winter, and
strong growth during summer, Other fascinating
will both promote repeat Australian species of
flowering. When the flowers die, Dendrobium will thrive
trim their stems back to the in the same conditions.
cane, but take care not to cut
off the tall, slim pseudobulb.
FEED
A high-nitrogen
fertilizer every 2–3
waterings will boost the
DENDROBIUM
new growth throughout KINGIANUM
spring and summer. Use Robust and vigorous, this
a high-potash fertilizer delightful species also
in late summer and produces small, bright pink
blooms with a delicate scent.
fall to mature the
growth and encourage
flowering. No feeding
is needed in winter.
REPOT
Repot in the spring,
after flowering, every
2–3 years, or when the
tall pseudobulbs have DENDROBIUM SPECIOSUM
filled the top of the Given ample space, this
pot. Use medium grade magnificent species reaches
36 in (90 cm) tall and has
orchid bark.
spectacular sprays of many
small, scented, yellow flowers.
68
PINEAPPLE ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Dendrobium densiflorum
Grow this spectacular orchid in a hanging basket to
best appreciate its huge, pendent sprays of bright
yellow flowers in spring. Like many other Dendrobium
species, it is surprisingly simple to grow successfully.
VITAL STATISTICS
HOW IT GROWS As an epiphyte WATER
with a spreading, sympodial Water from the top of the
habit, and aerial roots to anchor pot and drain. Never allow
it to the branch of a tree. to stand in water. Water
weekly in spring and
summer, and every 2–3
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY The weeks in fall and winter.
Nepal, Malaysia, upright, tall Let the roots dry out in
and China. pseudobulbs grow between waterings.
in a clump, and
produce lance-
shaped leaves,
and pendent
flower stems.
POSITION
SIZE Pseudobulbs with Ideally, place in a north-facing
leaves at their tips grow room for summer, where plants
20 in (50 cm)
up to 20 in (50 cm) tall. can be kept below 68ºF (20ºC)

The large, pendent and out of direct sunlight. Move
flower spray can reach to a cool, unheated room in
10 in (26 cm) long. winter, where the temperature
drops to 50ºF (10°C) at night.
8 in (20 cm)
FLOWER
Given a cool winter rest Dendrobium is a vast
and plenty of water to genus of orchids. These
produce good summer easy-to-grow species thrive
growth, this orchid in the same conditions as
should flower reliably. D. densiflorum.
When the flowers have
died, trim the stems
back to the cane, taking
care not cut off the tall,
narrow pseudobulb.
FEED
Do not feed during the
DENDROBIUM
winter rest, but apply a INFUNDIBULUM
high-nitrogen fertilizer Large and long-lasting, these
every 2–3 waterings translucent white flowers, with
throughout spring and an orange throat, are produced
at the tips of tall, slender canes.
summer, when in
growth. Use a high-
potash fertilizer in late
summer and fall to
REPOT
Repot in the spring, after
flowering, every 2–3 years, or DENDROBIUM WILLIAMSONII
when the tall pseudobulbs have A more compact species with
filled the top of the pot. Use short, stocky canes and a cluster
of several highly scented, cream
medium grade orchid bark.
or yellow flowers.
70 TOP FIVE
WEIRD AND
WONDERFUL
The orchid family boasts some
of the most extraordinary
flowers in the plant kingdom.
These strange species are bound
to create a talking point when
they bloom in your home.
2
1 SPIDER ORCHID
Brassia Orange Delight
TULIP ORCHID
The thin, long-petaled flowers
Anguloa clowesii of Brassia orchids are said to
This statuesque orchid resemble exotic spiders and
can reach 32 in (80 cm) always make a spectacular
tall, and produces hard, show. With elegant, arching
waxy, tulip-like blooms, stems of spotted, orange
which have an unreal look flowers, B. Orange Delight is
about them, and attract no exception.
pollinating insects with See pp.42–43.
their extraordinary
medicinal scent.
See pp.36–37.
3
UPSIDE-DOWN ORCHID
Stanhopea tigrina
Everything about stanhopeas is peculiar!
Their flower stems grow downward, producing
short-lived waxy blooms that are amazing to
touch, and will fill a room with their heady scent.
See pp.132–133.
4
Bulbophyllum lobbii
Bulbophyllums are some
of the weirdest of all
orchids, and B. lobbii is
no exception. Its large
flowers are borne singly
at the end of long stems,
where sculpted, swept
back petals surround a
curious rocking lip at
their center.
See p.44–45.
5
Restrepia cuprea
A true miniature orchid, this species has exquisite
boat-shaped flowers with copper-orange coloring,
which are best viewed through a magnifying glass.
These diminutive treasures are ideal for terrariums
(see p.107) or where space is limited.
See pp.130–131.
72
CHAIN ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Dendrochilum glumaceum
Care is needed to water and feed this
winter-growing orchid correctly, but the
reward is graceful, arching stems packed
with sweetly scented, white winter blooms.

Allow to dry out between waterings,
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial but check weekly and water once the
epiphyte, with aerial roots roots are dry. Always water from the
to anchor it securely to a top of the pot and allow to drain well,
tree branch or trunk. never standing the pot in water.

to Borneo and small, rounded
the Philippines. pseudobulbs with POSITION
long, broad leaves, Find this orchid a light
which form a clump position, out of bright
over time. Flower summer sun, in a
stems are produced room of intermediate
from new growth. temperature, above
54ºF (12ºC). Try a
kitchen or bathroom,
SIZE Large leaves can where it is easy to
reach 12 in (30 cm) spray regularly to
12 in (30 cm)
tall, and spread increase humidity.

into a clump up to 8 in
(20 cm) across. The
magnificent arching
flower stems are up to
16 in (40 cm) long.
8 in (20 cm)
FLOWER This orchid grows in
Encourage this orchid the winter and rests in All chain orchids produce
into bloom by keeping summer, so use a high- spectacular pendent or arching
the plant correctly fed nitrogen fertilizer in the sprays of winter flowers and
and regularly watered winter growing season, make great specimen plants.
during its winter growth. and a high-potash
Once flowers have faded, fertilizer when the new
trim their dead stems pseudobulbs are swelling
back to the base. as growth ends in spring.
DENDROCHILUM COBBIANUM
Compact and elegant, with
long, arching, chainlike stems
of fragrant, creamy yellow
flowers in winter.
REPOT
Repot every 2–3 years or when
the existing pot is full of
pseudobulbs. Use medium or DENDROCHILUM WENZELLII
coarse grade orchid bark. Large A shorter species with thick,
specimens can be divided in grasslike leaves but no
pseudobulb. The dramatic,
spring, after flowering.
spiky stems of flowers are
an unusual bright red.
74
TABLE MOUNTAIN
ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Disa uniflora
The bright orange, geometric, spring and summer
flowers of this sought-after species make it well worth
the effort of perfecting its unusual wet conditions.

As a native of damp soils and
HOW IT GROWS As a terrestrial streams, this orchid prefers to
orchid, with a sympodial habit. stand in a tray of rainwater at
It is found growing in damp all times. The water should be
soil and streams. changed every week to keep
the plant healthy.
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY New

the Cape Provinces shoots grow from an
of South Africa. underground tuber,
forming rosettes of
leaves from which
flower stems grow.
POSITION
Keep plants in a shady, well-
SIZE The lance-shaped ventilated spot in summer, below
leaves grow up to 4 in 75ºF (24ºC), and move to a very
20 in (50 cm)
(10 cm) high, and cool place in winter, with night-

spread 8 in (20 cm) time temperatures below 50ºF
wide, while the flower (10°C). Try a windowsill in a cold
stems can reach 20 in room, or a greenhouse with some
(50 cm) tall.
frost protection.
8 in (20 cm)
Ensuring that the roots FEED
are kept continually moist Add a weak high- The bright neon colors of
during the growing season, nitrogen fertilizer Disa make them irresistible
and that plants are exposed (half usual dilution to any orchid collector, and
to cool winter temperatures, rate) into the water there is an amazing array to
encourages new flowers in the tray once a choose from.
every year. week during spring
and fall. Do not
apply fertilizer
through the pot.
DISA DIORES
A brilliant orange-red
hybrid, which sometimes
also has flowers in shades
of electric pink.
REPOT
Repot every 1–2 years,
in early spring, as new
rosettes of leaves begin
to grow, using a mix of
peat and perlite. DISA KEWENSIS
The smaller flowers of this
extremely showy variety are
usually yellow and often have
attractive orange markings.
76
DRACULA BELLA
Orchid profiles
Ideal for hanging baskets, these curious, spotted,

triangular flowers, with their 8 in (20 cm) long
tails, hang below the plant on delicate stems.
They flourish in cool, moist conditions similar
to those found in their native cloud forests.

This orchid thrives when
HOW IT GROWS This orchid its roots are kept moist, so
is an epiphyte, with a add absorbent peat moss
spreading, sympodial habit. to the potting mix, and
It is found growing in the check the pot weekly.
branches of trees. Water from above and do
not leave the plant
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY These standing in water.
to high-altitude orchids have no
Colombian pseudobulbs, and
cloud forests. instead produce
narrow leaves in
a clump, and thin
flower stems that
hang downward.
POSITION
SIZE Foliage reaches Choose a cool, shady, well-ventilated
8 in (20 cm) in height, place, 50–68ºF (10–20ºC), where
8 in (20 cm)
and clusters of leaves moisture can easily be maintained

spread to 8 in (20 cm) around the roots. Hanging baskets are
wide. The slender ideal, because flowers emerge from
flower stems can be the base of the plant, even through
8 in (20 cm) long.
the basket, on pendent stems.
8 in (20 cm)
THE RELATIVES
The weird flowers of Dracula
were likened to dragon’s
mouths, inspiring their Latin
REPOT name, which means “dragon.”
Repot every 2–3 years,
or when the new leaves
have filled the existing
pot or basket, using
a moisture-retentive
mix of peat moss
and perlite.
DRACULA SIMIA
HELP TO Known as the monkey
FLOWER orchid, the smaller flowers
Keep plants moist and cool of this more compact
to encourage flowering from species really do strongly
resemble a monkey’s face.
winter to summer. After the
first flower has dropped,
the same stem may make
more buds, so leave it until
it has gone brown and died.
FEED
Add a little high-
nitrogen fertilizer
every 2–3 waterings in
the spring and summer,
then change to a high-
potash fertilizer in the
late summer and fall.
Be careful not to over DRACULA VAMPIRA
feed, as a buildup of Fascinating and slightly
salts around the roots sinister, these are the genus’
darkest flowers, with large,
can be damaging.
long-tailed blooms, heavily
veined in black.
78
CRUCIFIX ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Epidendrum radicans
Known as the crucifix orchid due to its cross-shaped
lip, this substantial orchid requires plenty of room
to flourish: a corner in a cool conservatory would
provide an ideal space.

HOW IT GROWS This orchid has drain well. Do not stand the pot
a spreading, sympodial habit, in water. Always allow time for the
and grows as a terrestrial in pot to dry out and check that it has
grassland and on roadsides. before the next watering. Water
weekly in spring and summer, and
every 2–3 weeks in fall and winter.
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Forms Mist the leaves daily.
to the tropical tall, canelike stems
Americas. with short, thick
leaves along their
length. Flower stems
emerge from the top
of these main stems, POSITION
between the leaves. Provide a cool room with
a minimum temperature
of 50ºF (10°C) in winter,
SIZE With clusters of and a bright spot out of
flowers at their tips, direct sun in summer,
41⁄2 ft (1.3 m)
stems can reach a huge with a maximum of

41⁄2 ft (1.3 m) tall, but 68ºF (20ºC). Try a cool
thanks to their small conservatory in winter
leaves, only spread to and moving outdoors
12 in (30 cm).
during summer.
12 in (30 cm)
A cooler winter and lots of light will both
encourage re-flowering. Given the correct Epidendrums come in
treatment this orchid should flower happily all sizes; from giants to
each year, from the top of the matured stem. tiny miniatures. These
When the flowers have finished, trim off examples enjoy the same
their dead stems back to the leaves. conditions as E. radicans.
FEED
Use a high-nitrogen
EPIDENDRUM PORPAX
waterings during A miniature, 21⁄2 in (5 cm)
the growing season, tall, with a creeping habit.
when new leaves Its relatively large green
and stems are being flowers have a glossy red lip.
formed. Use a high-
potash fertilizer
when the stem has
reached its full
height to encourage
flowering.
REPOT
Repot when the increased size and height
of the plant has made it top heavy and
a larger pot will give it more stability. EPICATTLEYA RENÉ MARQUÉS
This is usually necessary every 2–3 years, This popular old hybrid has a
or more often if it is growing well. Use tall, reedlike habit. Its multi-
colored, waxy flowers cascade
medium or coarse orchid bark.
from cane-tops on slim stems.
80
LAELIA
ANCEPS
Orchid profiles
Easy and elegant, this Laelia just needs simple

care and plenty of space for its tall winter
blooms. It often grows into a large specimen,
but is easily divided into smaller plants.

HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial allow to drain well. Do not stand
epiphyte on the branches of in water. Allow to dry out well
trees, with thick aerial roots between waterings. Water weekly,
to anchor it. and mist regularly, in spring and
summer and water every 2–3
weeks in fall and winter.
ORIGIN From ANATOMY
Mexico, Guatemala, Elongated, oval-
and Honduras. shaped pseudobulbs
each produce 1–2
thick, leathery
leaves, and flower
stems at their tips. POSITION
Find a spot in a room with an
intermediate temperature
SIZE Leaves reach range (54–77ºF/ 12–25ºC).
a height and spread Keep the delicate leaves shaded
28 in (70 cm)
of 8 in (20 cm). The from the summer sun. A place

long, slender flower by a north-facing window is
stems grow up to ideal for summer, moving into
28 in (70 cm) tall. direct light for winter.
8 in (20 cm)
Good light, and a dry winter rest, will
help to encourage the growth of a strong These showy Laelia species
new pseudobulb and reliable flowering flourish given plenty of light,
each year. Staking may be required to a drier spell in winter, and high
support the tall flower stems. When the humidity during summer.
flowers die, trim the stem back to the
top of the pseudobulb.
FEED
Use a high-nitrogen
LAELIA GOULDIANA
fertilizer every 2–3 This native of Mexico has large,
waterings in spring and long-lasting, purple-pink flowers
summer to boost the on a tall stem, which make an
new growth. Switch to impressive show.
a high-potash fertilizer
in late summer and
fall, to mature the
growth, and encourage
flowering. No feeding
is required in winter.
REPOT
A long rhizome connects the
pseudobulbs, which allows plants to
creep over the edge of the pot quite LAELIA AUTUMNALIS
rapidly. This means they need to be Several dramatic, deep pink
repotted every 2–3 years, into a larger blooms are held high on stems
up to 3 ft (1 m) tall, during
pot containing coarse orchid bark.
late fall.
82
JEWEL ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Ludisia discolor
Although this orchid has pretty white flowers,
it is also prized for its attractive red-striped
leaves, which sparkle like a jewel when
you shine a light on them in the dark .

These orchids like to be
HOW IT GROWS This is a damp, so check, and water
terrestrial orchid, found from the top of the pot as
growing in damp, shady soon as there are signs the
conditions. It has a spreading, compost is drying out.
sympodial habit. Allow to drain well, and do
not stand in water. Avoid
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Long, splashing the leaves, and
rain forest in spreading rhizomes wipe off any drops of water.
Southeast Asia. form between leaf
shoots, but produce
no pseudobulbs.
Flower stems arise
from the center of
leaf rosettes.
POSITION
Place in a warm room with
SIZE The foliage of a minimum of 64ºF (18°C)
these small plants in winter, and a maximum
16 in (40 cm)
reaches only 6 in of 77ºF (25ºC) in summer,

(15 cm) high. The when the soft leaves also
flower stems can be up need shade. The humidity
to 16 in (40 cm) tall. in a warm kitchen or
bathroom could be ideal.
12 in (30 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER 83
Warm, humid conditions will
Jewel orchid
encourage the production of new
leaf rosettes, each of which should
form a flowering stem once matured.
After flowering, trim the dead stem
back to the leaves. Use a thin stake
to support the tall flower stem.
FEED
every 2–3 waterings when the
new leaves are growing. Use
a high-potash fertilizer when
the new rosette of leaves is
maturing to encourage the
plant into flowering.
REPOT
Repot when the plant has increased
in size to reach the edge of the pot.
This is usually necessary every 2–3
years or more often if it grows well.
Wait until after flowering when the
new leaf shoot starts to grow. Use a
peat and perlite mix or similar
houseplant potting mix, not orchid
bark.
84
LYCASTE
AROMATICA
Orchid profiles
In spring and early summer, this free-flowering

species produces multiple, sweetly scented flowers
around the base of the plant. Naturally deciduous,
this orchid needs a winter rest somewhere cool.

Water new growth weekly
HOW IT GROWS through spring and summer.
A sympodial orchid, Leaves should also be misted
usually found in damp daily during summer. Once the
ground as a terrestrial, leaves drop, stop watering
but occasionally as an epiphyte. unless the pseudobulbs start to
wrinkle. Do not water in winter,
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY A cluster to allow plants a period of dry
Central America. of oval pseudobulbs winter rest.
forms tall, broad,
deciduous leaves.
Multiple single
flowers arise from
the base. POSITION
In winter, choose a cool,
unheated room where the
SIZE Leaves reach temperature drops to 50ºF
10 in (25 cm) tall, with (10°C) at night. Keep as
10 in (25 cm)
the shorter flower cool as possible in summer,

stems growing up to with a maximum of 68ºF
6 in (15 cm) high. In (20ºC), and shade the soft
time, plants spread leaves from damaging
bright summer sunlight.
8 in (20 cm)
FLOWER Use a high-nitrogen
A winter rest and strong feed every 2–3 These Lycaste species thrive in
summer growth both waterings in spring the same conditions, and
encourage good blooms. and summer to fuel produce triangular blooms
When the flowers have new growth. A high- from the base of the plant.
died, trim the dead potash feed in late
stems back to the base summer and fall
of the plant. encourages flowering.
No feeding is required
in winter.
LYCASTE VIRGINALIS
Found from southern Mexico to
Honduras, these large, waxy
flowers can be white or blushed
shades of pale or deep pink.
REPOT
Repot every 1–2 years in summer
after flowering, when the LYCASTE DEPPEI
pseudobulbs have filled the pot. Numerous green and brown,
Use a mix of fine bark, perlite, short-stemmed flowers
cluster at the base of this
and peat moss, or similar.
Central American species.
86
KITE ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Masdevallia coccinea
Tall, thin stems with bright flowers waving
at the tip look just like kites flying in the
wind, and will be produced every year given
the cool, humid conditions they love.

Keep the roots moist at all times;
HOW IT GROWS This orchid they do best in peat moss, which
has a sympodial habit, and helps retain moisture. Check the
grows as an epiphyte on pot weekly and, when drying out,
the branches of trees at water from above. Do not stand in
high altitudes. water. Mist leaves regularly to
create humidity.
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Narrow
the cloud forests leaves form a
of Colombia. clump with no
pseudobulbs. The
thin flower stems
grow upward,
each producing POSITION
a single bloom. Choose a cool, shady,
well-ventilated spot,
with a temperature
SIZE The slender leaves range of 50–68ºF
reach 10 in (25 cm) (10–20ºC). Ensure that
16 in (40 cm)
long, and plants they don’t get too hot

spread to 6 in (15 cm) in summer. They like
wide, with 16 in (40 cm) the air movement
flower stems arching created by a fan.
above them.
6 in (15 cm)
A strong plant grown in cool,
moist conditions should re- Other species and hybrids of
flower easily, although the Masdevallia need the same
season in which it flowers can growing conditions, and most
naturally vary. After flowers make compact plants.
have died, trim the dead stem
to the base. Flower stems may
need a thin stake.
MASDEVALLIA BARLAEANA
A bright red species with several
FEED flower stems at a time held above
During spring and the clump-forming foliage.
summer, add a high-
nitrogen fertilizer every
2–3 waterings, then a
high-potash feed in late
summer and fall.
REPOT
Repot every 2–3 years
or when the new leaves MASDEVALLIA CORIACEA
have filled the pot. Olive-green flowers with dark
Use a mix of peat moss purple stripes are produced
on shorter stems around the
and perlite.
base of the plant.
88 TOP FIVE
BEAUTIFULLY SIMPLE
DISPLAY IDEAS
The natural elegance of an orchid is often its greatest
charm. These simple ways to display orchids add a
little style and originality, without detracting from
their fabulous blooms.
1
DECORATIVE POTS
Instantly enhance the appearance of orchids growing Twisted
in plastic pots by placing them into decorative
containers. Plain or patterned, and made from a
willow twigs
variety of materials, these “cover pots” should ideally make stylish
have a dome or ridge in their base to prevent the stakes
plastic pot standing in water. Attractive perforated
clay pots are good for drainage and can be used as
cover pots or planted into directly.
Try with dancing ladies, see pp.98–99.
2
STAKING
Support the stems of large-flowered orchids to
prevent them breaking, and to add an extra element
Perforated pots to the display. Use simple bamboo or split green
allow light in canes, or get creative with colored supports or
to roots and aid twisted willow twigs. Train stems in natural arches,
or even into shapes like a cascade or a heart.
drainage
Try with moth orchids, see pp.114–115.
3
GROWING IN A VASE
An elegant glass vase makes a great display case,
and creates a perfect warm, humid microclimate,
where orchids can thrive. Place any orchid in a
pot in a suitably sized vase and remove it to
water. The dramatic aerial roots of vandas look
spectacular curled directly into a vase.
Try with Vanda Blue Magic, see pp.136–137.
A large vase
can also hold
foliage and
flowers
4
MOUNTING
The most naturalistic way to grow epiphytic orchids is to
mount them onto pieces of cork bark, fern fiber, or even
branches, with some moss to retain moisture around their
roots. Regular misting and dunking are essential to keep
humidity high, but this rain forest look is worth the effort.
Try mounting orchids with a creeping habit, such as
Dendrobium Berry Oda, see pp.66–67.
Attach chains
to a colander
for a hanging
5 basket
CREATIVE CONTAINERS
Orchids will grow in almost any container, provided
that it has plenty of drainage holes, so let your
imagination run wild, and create your own quirky
orchid pots. Sieves, colanders, or old baskets are
ideal, but with a little ingenuity, stylish containers
can be created from almost anything.
Try with spider orchids, see pp.42–43.
90
MAXILLARIA
PRAESTANS
Orchid profiles
The colorful, winged, triangular flowers shooting

up from the base of this robust plant are typical of
the Maxillaria family. This undemanding species
is the perfect choice for beginners.

HOW IT GROWS This orchid pot and drain well. Do not
has a sympodial habit and is stand in water. Allow to dry
found as an epiphyte on tree out thoroughly between
branches, with aerial roots waterings. Water weekly
to anchor it. in spring and summer and
every 2–3 weeks in fall and
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Forms winter. Mist the leaves daily
humid forests in oval-shaped for extra humidity.
Central America. pseudobulbs,
each with a thick,
leathery leaf at its
tip, and a flower
stem from its base.
POSITION
Locate in a room with an intermediate
SIZE Plants can reach temperature: a minimum of 54ºF (12°C)
up to 12 in (30 cm) tall, in winter and a maximum 68ºF (20ºC).
and spread to a width
12 in (30 cm)
Provide good, bright, but indirect

of 16 in (40 cm). Their sunlight in summer. A humid bathroom
flower stems grow to or kitchen window, where leaves can be
6 in (15 cm) high. misted regularly, may suit.
16 in (40 cm)
“Provide good, bright, but HELP TO FLOWER 91
indirect sunlight in summer Good light, humidity, and a strong
Maxillaria praestans
new pseudobulb will all encourage
and mist the leaves daily re-flowering. Given the correct
treatment, this orchid should flower
for extra humidity.” happily, alongside its new leaf shoots,
each year. When the flowers are over,
trim the dead stems back to the base
of the plant.
FEED
Throughout the growing season,
when new leaves and bulbs are
forming, apply a high-nitrogen
fertilizer every 2–3 waterings.
Use a high-potash fertilizer
when the growth is maturing,
to promote flowering.
REPOT
Repot when the growth of new
pseudobulbs has reached the edge
of the pot. This is usually necessary
every 2–3 years, or more often if it
grows well. Wait until after flowering,
when the plant is producing new
leaves, and use medium or coarse
orchid bark.
THE RELATIVES
THE RELATIVES
Maxillaria
The extraordinary flowers of these Maxillaria species
look impossibly exotic, but in reality they are quite
easy to keep, and will bloom repeatedly given good
humidity and light.
MAXILLARIA COCCINEA ▶
Clusters of small, bright red flowers
are launched from this plant’s base
on short stems, so that they open
among the leaves like fireworks.
◀ MAXILLARIA MELEAGRIS
A small, clump-forming species, with
long, thin leaves, and dark-lipped,
dusky pink flowers that emerge from
the base on short stems.
93
Maxillaria
◀ MAXILLARIA PICTA
Triangular yellow flowers, marked
with dark red spots, are sweetly
scented, and produced from the
base of this compact plant.
MAXILLARIA TENUIFOLIA ▶
This species has grassy leaves
and an upright, climbing habit.
Its orange-red flowers are
distinctly coconut-scented.
◀ MAXILLARIA VARIABILIS
The vivid yellow blooms of this
compact, free-flowering species
nestle among the leaves and
small rounded pseudobulbs,
giving off a curry-like scent.
94
MILTONIA
SUNSET
Orchid profiles
With their dazzling shades of yellow and pink,

these flowers are reminiscent of a tropical sunset.
Similar to the “pansy orchid” Miltoniopsis (see
pp.96–97), this orchid is a little easier to grow.

These orchids can be prone to
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial over watering and root rot, so
epiphyte on tree branches, with allow to dry out well in between
aerial roots to anchor it. waterings. Check weekly, but
only water when the pot is dry.
The best way to give the plant
moisture is to mist the leaves
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Forms daily to create humidity, rather
to the forests of flattened, oval than over water the roots.
Brazil. pseudobulbs, and
soft, pale leaves.
Flower stems grow
from the side of
pseudobulbs.
POSITION
Place this orchid in a room with an
SIZE Leaves reach intermediate temperature, ranging
12 in (30 cm) tall, from a winter minimum of 54ºF
20 in (50 cm)
with flowers stems (12°C), to a maximum of 68ºF (20ºC)

up to 20 in (50 cm) in summer, when the pale leaves
high. Plants spread need shade from direct sunlight.
to 8 in (20 cm) wide. Try a humid bathroom or kitchen,
where it’s easy to mist daily.
8 in (20 cm)
FLOWER
Given the correct These Miltonia species also
watering, feeding, have spectacular blooms,
temperature, and and thrive quite easily in the
humidity, this orchid same humid conditions.
should produce good-sized
new pseudobulbs each
year, from which flower
stems will emerge once
they are mature. When the
flowers have faded, trim
off the dead stems. Short
stakes help to support the
large flowers.
MILTONIA SPECTABILIS
FEED With a low, creeping habit,
Use a high-nitrogen this Brazilian species holds
fertilizer every 2–3 its large lavender and white
waterings, when new flowers close to its leaves.
leaves are growing.
Switch to a high-
potash fertilizer as
the new pseudobulb
is maturing, to
promote flowering.
REPOT
It’s time to repot when the new pseudobulbs
have reached the edge of the pot. This is
usually necessary every 2–3 years, or more MILTONIA FLAVESCENS
often if your plant is thriving. Repot after The elegant, star-shaped,
flowering, when a new leaf shoot emerges, soft lemon-yellow flowers of
this species burst from buds
using medium or coarse orchid bark.
on upright flower stems.
96
PANSY ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Miltoniopsis Herralexandre
These large-flowered orchids are incredibly showy
and look just like an overgrown pansy. Careful
cultivation, mimicking their humid native
habitat, is necessary to coax them into bloom.

Water from the top of the pot,
HOW IT GROWS As a drain well, and do not stand
sympodial epiphyte on in water. Over watering these
tree branches, with aerial orchids causes root rot, so
roots to anchor it. check weekly, and only water
when the pot is dry. Give the
plant moisture by misting the
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Produces leaves daily to create humidity,
to the mountains flattened, oval rather than watering too much
of Colombia. pseudobulbs and at the roots.
soft, pale-green
leaves. The flower
stem grows from
the side of the
matured bulb. POSITION
A place in a humid bathroom
or kitchen, where leaves can
SIZE Flower stems can easily be misted, may suit.
grow to 18 in (45 cm) Provide summer shade to
18 in (45 cm)
high, while the foliage prevent the pale leaves

has a height and spread burning, and an intermediate
of 12 in (30 cm). range of temperature: from a
winter low of 54ºF (12°C) to
a summer high of 68ºF (20ºC).
12 in (30 cm)
Keeping humidity high and
roots fairly dry will help grow All pansy orchid hybrids
good-sized pseudobulbs like high humidity and
each year, which will their roots kept on the
then produce flowers, drier side.
usually in summer.
Trim off the stems of
spent flowers. Use short
stakes to support the
large flowers.
FEED
As the new leaves
MILTONIOPSIS RED TIDE
are growing, use Large, soft, velvety flowers
a high-nitrogen in deep burgundy-red, make
fertilizer every a bold display.
2–3 waterings.
Use a high-potash
fertilizer when the
new pseudobulb
is maturing to aid
further flowering.
REPOT
Repot when new pseudobulbs
have reached the edge of the
pot. Do this after flowering,
as the new leaf shoot emerges. MILTONIOPSIS
Repotting is usually needed PINK CADILLAC
every 2–3 years. Use medium A beautiful bright-pink
variety, which is free-
or coarse orchid bark. flowering when grown well.
98
DANCING LADIES
Orchid profiles
Oncidium Sweet Sugar

Showers of vibrant yellow flowers, which
resemble the swirling skirts of dancers, are
held aloft on tall, graceful stems and make
a bold impact in any warm, bright room.
VITAL STATISTICS
WATER
HOW IT GROWS This orchid Water from the top of the pot,
has a sympodial habit and allow to drain, and do not stand
grows as an epiphyte on tree in water. Allow to dry out well in
branches, with strong aerial between waterings. Water weekly
roots to anchor it. in spring and summer and every
2–3 weeks in fall and winter. Mist
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Each the leaves daily for humidity.
Mexico and Central large, oval-shaped
and South America. pseudobulb
produces a pair of
broad, dark-green
leaves from the top
and a tall flower
stem from the side. POSITION
Find this orchid a spot with an
intermediate temperature range,
SIZE Rosettes of leaves from a minimum of 54ºF (12°C)
reach a height and in winter, to a maximum of 68ºF
20 in (50 cm)
spread of 8 in (20 cm), (20ºC) in summer, in good, but

with branched flower indirect sunlight. Try a humid
stems up to 20 in bathroom or kitchen, where
(50 cm) tall. leaves can be misted regularly.
8 in (20 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER 99
Good light, humidity, and a strong
Dancing ladies
new pseudobulb will encourage re-
flowering, so given the correct
feeding and watering, this orchid
should flower happily each year. When
the flowers fade, trim dead stems
back to the base of the plant. Tall
stems may need supporting stakes.
FEED
Use a high-nitrogen
waterings throughout
the growing season
when new leaves and
pseudobulbs are being
REPOT formed. Use a high-
It is time to repot when potash fertilizer when
the new pseudobulbs the growth is maturing
reach the edge of the to encourage further
pot, which is usually flowering.
every 2–3 years. Repot
after flowering, when the
new leaf shoot emerges.
orchid bark.
THE RELATIVES
THE RELATIVES
Oncidium
Many fabulous Oncidium species and hybrids
are easy to grow at home, given a little warmth
and humidity. The miniatures are ideal for a
terrarium, or simply where space is limited.
ONCIDIUM CHEIROPHORUM ▶
This miniature species from
Central America and Colombia
has tiny, strongly scented,
bright yellow flowers.
◀ ONCIDIUM
ORNITHORHYNCHUM
An easy-to-grow miniature species
from Colombia and Peru, which
produces pretty sprays of fragrant
pink flowers in summer.
101
Oncidium
◀ ONCIDIUM SHARRY BABY
The branching flower stems of this
showy hybrid reach 32 in (80 cm)
tall, and bear many deep red,
chocolate-scented flowers.
ONCIDIUM TWINKLE ▶
Trouble-free to grow and free-
flowering, this cute miniature
hybrid forms dainty sprays of
scented, pink or white blooms.
◀ ONCIDIUM UNGUICULATUM
The flower stems of this impressive
species from Southern Mexico are laden
with striking yellow and brown blooms,
and can reach 5 ft (1.5 m) tall.
102
CAMBRIA ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Oncidopsis Nelly Isler

Brilliant scarlet flowers make this variety a must
for any beginner’s collection. It flourishes given a
shady, humid position, and the intensely fragrant
blooms will fill a room with scent.

Water from the top of the pot
HOW IT GROWS This is an and drain well, never standing
epiphyte, with a sympodial the pot in water. Allow the
habit. It grows on tree pot to dry out in between
branches, with strong aerial waterings. Water weekly in
roots to anchor it. spring and summer, and every
2–3 weeks in fall and winter.
ORIGIN From ANATOMY Each Mist the leaves daily to
Mexico and Central oval-shaped increase humidity levels.
and South America. pseudobulb
produces a pair of
broad, dark-green
leaves from the top,
and a long flower
stem from the side. POSITION
Choose a room with an intermediate
temperature range: a winter
SIZE Long leaves grow minimum of 54ºF (12°C) and a
to 12 in (30 cm) high, summer maximum of 68ºF (20ºC)
20 in (50 cm)
but are dwarfed by the in shade. Try a humid bathroom or

flower stems which kitchen window, where the leaves
reach 20 in (50 cm) tall. can be misted regularly.
The plant spreads to
8 in (20 cm).
8 in (20 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER 103
Cooler winter temperatures
Cambria orchid
and a strong new pseudobulb
will promote re-flowering, so
given the correct watering and
feeding, this orchid should
flower happily each year on the
matured bulb. When the flowers
are over, trim the dead stems
back to the base of the plant.
FEED
Use a high-nitrogen
waterings throughout the
growing season, when new
leaves and bulbs are being
formed. Use a high-potash
fertilizer when the growth
is maturing to encourage
further flowering.
REPOT
It’s time to repot when the new pseudobulbs
reach the edge of the pot. This is usually
necessary every 2–3 years, or more often if
the orchid grows really well. Wait until after
flowering, when the new leaf shoot starts to
grow. Use medium or coarse orchid bark.
THE RELATIVES
THE RELATIVES
Oncidium hybrids
Crossing oncidiums with related orchids has produced a
spectacular range of elegant plants, with diverse flower
shapes, sizes, and colors. They all thrive easily in the
same damp, humid conditions as Oncidopsis Nelly Isler.
ALICEARA PEGGY ▶
RUTH CARPENTER
Arching stems bear several
pointed, spidery, pale pink
flowers, marked with dramatic
deep purple spots.
◀ ALICEARA
TAHOMA GLACIER
A magnificent orchid, with long
sprays of large, star-shaped,
ice green flowers, blotched
with dusky pink.
105
Oncidium hybrids
◀ ONCIDIUM MIEKE VON HOLM
Delicate, fragrant, dark pink
flowers are held above upright
foliage on slender stems.
ONCOSTELE CATATANTE ▶
Tall branching stems are
smothered in small, long-
lasting, terracotta blooms.
◀ ONCOSTELE MIDNIGHT
MIRACLES ‘MASSAI RED’
A more compact variety, with
striking, upright sprays of star-
like, deep burgundy flowers.
106 TOP FIVE
MULTI-PLANT
DISPLAY IDEAS
Grouping together flowering orchids not only
increases their visual impact, but also improves
the growing conditions for the plants by creating
a humid microclimate that they enjoy.
Aim for
contrasts 1
of color STANDING PLANTS TOGETHER
and shape Simply positioning orchids together creates a display
with real impact, and helps to increase humidity in
the surrounding air. Choose orchids that enjoy the
same conditions, or combine them with other plants,
such as ferns and bromeliads, for a tropical look.
Try moth orchids, see pp.114–117, Dendrobium
Polar Fire, see pp.64–65, and warm-growing
slipper orchids, see pp.108–111.
2
Group of the
LARGE PLANTERS same orchid
Produce a spectacular centerpiece by placing makes an
several orchids in a large ornamental bowl
or planter, deep enough to house their pots.
impactful
Finish with a decorative covering of moss. display
Remove the plants for watering, to avoid
water accumulating in the base of the bowl.
Try moth orchids, see pp.114–117.
3
STANDS
Where space is limited, display stands with
shelves or pot holders are a great way to show
off your orchids. They can be positioned to
provide plants with the right seasonal light
levels and temperature, and prevent them
being trapped behind curtains on cold nights.
Move plants
Try oncidiums, see pp.98–101, or moth
orchids, see pp.114–117.
around to best
display those
in flower
A glass
terrarium
allows close
4
observation TERRARIUMS
of miniatures A small, purpose-made terrarium, or even an old fish
bowl or aquarium, makes the perfect warm, humid
environment for miniature orchids. Position the orchids
in their pots or mounted on bark, and add attractive
pieces of wood, stone, moss, and bark, together with
small foliage plants, to create a naturalistic setting.
Try Restrepia cuprea, see pp.130–131, Epidendrum
porpax, see p.79, and kite orchids, see pp.86–87.
5
GROWING CASES
Larger orchids look impressive growing in a glass
case, which can vary in size and style to suit your
space. Cases create a warm, humid microclimate,
and this can be tailored to suit particular orchids,
especially with climate controls to adjust the
temperature, humidity, and light inside.
Try Bulbophyllum lobbii, see pp.44–45, Vanda
Blue Magic, see pp.136–137, or Zygopetalum
Artur Elle, see pp.140–141.
108
WARM-GROWING
SLIPPER ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Paphiopedilum Maudiae
Exotic and extraordinary, this slipper-shaped flower
stands above attractive patterned leaves, and is a
great, easy-to-grow Paphiopedilum for beginners.

HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial allow to drain well, do not stand in
terrestrial orchid, in damp water. These orchids like to be damp
soils and shady conditions. most of the time, so check and water
when the bark is starting to dry out.
Mist the leaves regularly to create
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Forms a
humidity.
low altitude rain cluster of connected
forests in leaf shoots, but no
Southeast Asia pseudobulbs. Flower
stems grow up from
the center of the POSITION
mottled leaves. This orchid requires a warm
room with a winter minimum
of 64ºF (18°C) and a shady
SIZE Flower stems spot in summer, to stop the
reach 16 in (40 cm) tall, mottled leaves burning, with
16 in (40 cm)
above low-growing a maximum of 77ºF (25ºC).

leaves no more than Try a humid bathroom or
4 in (10 cm) high. kitchen where leaves can be
Plants will spread misted regularly.
8 in (20 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER 109
Slipper orchids can be slow to
Warm-growing slipper orchid

re-flower, but this variety is
more reliable. New flower stems
come from the latest, matured
rosette of leaves, so promoting
strong new growth with correct
feeding and watering should
produce more flowers. Use a
thin stake to help support the
flower stem. When the flower
drops, trim off the dead stem.
FEED
Use high-nitrogen fertilizer
every 2–3 waterings while
the new leaves are growing.
Change to high-potash feed
once the new leaves are
maturing, to encourage the
next flowering stem.
REPOT
Repot when the plant
has increased in size to
reach the edge of the pot.
This is usually necessary
every 2–3 years, or more
often if it grows well. Wait
until after flowering when
the new leaf shoot starts
to grow, and use medium
orchid bark.
THE RELATIVES
THE RELATIVES
Warm-growing slipper orchids
The allure of these strange beauties, combined
with their compact habit and ease of cultivation,
almost makes starting a collection irresistible.
Where one flowers successfully, its relatives will, too.
PAPHIOPEDILUM CALLOSUM ▶
A striking Southeast Asian
species with white-tipped purple
and green flowers held above
bold mottled leaves.
◀ PAPHIOPEDILUM DELENATII
A species from Vietnam, with
rounded flowers up to 4 in (10 cm)
across. Their shades of pastel pink
are unusual among slipper orchids.
111
Warm-growing slipper orchids

◀ PAPHIOPEDILUM PINOCCHIO
Compact and easy to care for, this
variety blooms sequentially, with
many blooms produced one after
another from the same stem.
PAPHIOPEDILUM ▶
SUKHAKULII
Native only to northern
Thailand, this species readily
produces dramatically marked
green and purple flowers.
◀ PAPHIOPEDILUM WARDII
This small, reliable species
produces an 8 in (20 cm) tall flower
stem from the center of its mottled
leaves, topped with a spectacularly
patterned, green bloom.
112
COOL-GROWING
SLIPPER ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Paphiopedilum insigne
Dramatic yellow-bronze flowers have long made this
handsome species popular. Their rosettes of plain, pale-
green leaves are typical of cool-growing slipper orchids.

HOW IT GROWS This orchid has allow to drain well, but do not
a sympodial habit and grows as stand in water. These orchids like
a terrestrial, on damp, shady to be damp, so check the potting
rain forest floors. mix regularly and water when it is
starting to dry out. Mist the leaves
frequently to create humidity.
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Forms a
high altitudes in cluster of connected
Northern India. leaf shoots, but no
pseudobulbs. Tall
flower stems emerge
at the center of the
narrow leaves.
POSITION
Provide a cool room, such as a
conservatory, with a minimum
SIZE Leaves only reach of 46ºF (8°C) in winter. Find a
4 in (10 cm) high, but shady spot in summer, to
12 in (30 cm)
plants spread to 12 in prevent direct light burning

(30 cm) wide. The leaves, with temperatures no
stems, carrying a single higher than 68ºF (20ºC); place
flower, can grow up outdoors if suitable.
to 12 in (30 cm) tall.
12 in (30 cm)
Slipper orchids can be slow to
re-flower, but this variety is Other slipper orchids,
more reliable than most. New with equally exotic
single flowers come from the flowers, also enjoy cool
center of the latest leaf rosettes, growing conditions.
so promote strong growth with
cool, humid conditions. When
the flower drops, trim off the
dead stem to the leaves. Use a
thin stake to support the flower.
FEED
Use a high-nitrogen
PAPHIOPEDILUM LEEANUM
fertilizer every 2–3 A hybrid with spectacular flowers,
waterings when topped with a wide, sail-like white
the new leaves are dorsal sepal with a characteristic
growing. Use a high- central stripe.
potash fertilizer
when the new set of
leaves is maturing,
to encourage the
next flowering.
REPOT
Repot after flowering when the
new leaf shoot starts to grow. This
is usually necessary every 2–3 years,
when the plant has grown to reach PAPHIOPEDILUM
the edge of the pot, but sometimes VILLOSUM
more often if it is thriving. Use Large, glossy, bronze flowers
are held just above the plain
medium orchid bark. green foliage.
114
MOTH ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Phalaenopsis Cool Breeze

This long-lasting, classic white moth orchid is easy
to grow, will readily re-flower, and fits in with
any decor. An essential part of any collection, it
is a great beginner’s orchid and an ideal gift.

HOW IT GROWS As a monopodial drain well. Do not stand in water.
epiphyte, anchored to tree Water weekly in spring and summer,
branches by strong aerial roots, and every 2–3 weeks in fall and
with the leaves hanging down. winter, but check the pot is dry
before watering. Mist aerial roots
daily to increase humidity.
ORIGIN Native ANATOMY Fleshy
to tropical leaves grow from a
Southeast Asia. central crown. Thick
roots grow inside
and outside the
pot. Flower stems HELP TO FLOWER
emerge where leaves Before the last of the main flush of
join the main stem. flowers has dropped, trim the stem
back above one of its pale nodes.
Within 4–6 weeks, a side branch with
SIZE Flower stems new flower buds should grow from the
reach 20 in (50 cm) node. Cut dead, brown stems back to
20 in (50 cm)
tall, while leaves in the base. Move orchids that haven’t

the basal rosette reach flowered for over 6 months to a slightly
up to 8 in (20 cm) high, cooler spot for a few weeks, and feed
and spread to 16 in with a high-potash fertilizer. Stake
(40 cm) wide.
stems to support the large flowers.
16 in (40 cm)
FEED 115
Moth orchid
every 2–3 waterings when
the plant is just growing new
leaves, or after repotting.
Use a high-potash fertilizer
when the leaves have grown,
to encourage new flowers.
POSITION
This orchid requires a warm
room with a minimum of
64ºF (18°C) in winter, and
a shady summer spot, with
REPOT a maximum of 77ºF (25ºC).
Repot when the pot is root-bound and Any warm, light room
if it is leaning over to one side. This is would suit, where it can
usually necessary every 2–3 years, and be admired.
should be done after flowering. Use
medium or coarse orchid bark. Lots of
aerial roots indicate a happy plant, not
necessarily that it needs repotting.
THE RELATIVES
THE RELATIVES
Moth orchids
There are thousands of Phalaenopsis hybrids
to choose from, in a glorious range of colors,
patterns, and sizes. Along with some easily
grown species, they all make ideal houseplants.
PHALAENOPSIS ATLANTIS ▶
These bright pink blooms last
for several weeks and open in
succession along stems about
20 in (50 cm) tall.
◀ PHALAENOPSIS CORNU-CERVI
A truly miniature moth orchid,
with several small yellow and red
patterned flowers, up to 2 in (5 cm)
across, produced over many weeks.
117
Moth orchids
◀ PHALAENOPSIS EQUESTRIS
This free-flowering, miniature
species bears delicate pink
blooms, up to 1 in (2.5 cm) wide,
on compact, branching stems.
PHALAENOPSIS HAPPY MINHO ▶

Unashamedly showy, with bold, pink
and white, candy-stripe flowers, this
hybrid creates a vibrant display.
◀ PHALAENOPSIS LIMELIGHT
The sunny yellow petals of this
popular hybrid make a striking
contrast with the magenta pink
lip at the center of each flower.
118
SOUTH AMERICAN
SLIPPER ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Phragmipedium besseae
Relatively newly discovered, this amazing species has
incredibly bright orange-red flowers, with a slipper-
shaped lip. It needs a warm, humid position to thrive.
VITAL STATISTICS
WATER
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial They like to be damp most of the
terrestrial in damp shade, near time, so check weekly and water
streams and springs.
when the pot is starting to dry
out. Mist leaves regularly to
create humidity. Water from the
top of the pot and allow to drain
ORIGIN Found ANATOMY An orchid
well. Do not stand in water.
in Peru, Ecuador, with a climbing
and Colombia. habit, it has a long
rhizome between
the leaf shoots, but
no pseudobulbs.
POSITION
Give this orchid space in a warm
SIZE Elegant leaves room with a minimum of 54ºF
reach 8 in (20 cm) in (18°C) in winter, and a shaded
20 in (50 cm)
height, and plants spot in summer with a maximum

spread to 12 in (30 cm)
of 86ºF (25ºC). A humid bathroom
wide. Flowers are
or kitchen window, where the
borne on stems up
leaves can be misted regularly,
to 20 in (50 cm) tall.
can be ideal.
12 in (30 cm)
Warmth, humidity, and correct feeding
will all promote strong new growth. These Phragmipedium species all like
new rosettes of leaves will send up flower to be kept warm and damp, as
stems, which produce several blooms in they are naturally found by
succession. Trim spent flower stems back streams in tropical rain forests.
to the leaves. Staking will help to
support the thin flower stems.
PHRAGMIPEDIUM SEDENII
FEED This reliable old hybrid’s white
Use a high-nitrogen rounded flowers and softly
fertilizer at every other blushed-pink slipper make it
watering when the new an attractive orchid to collect.
leaves are growing.
Switch to a high-potash
fertilizer when the new ▼ PHRAGMIPEDIUM GRANDE
leaves are maturing to This impressive hybrid has
promote flowering. large green flowers with
incredibly long, pendent
petals. Can reach 28 in
(70 cm) high when in flower.
REPOT
Repot when the plant has
reached the edge of the pot.
This is usually every 2–3 years,
or more often if it grows well.
Repot after flowering, as the
new leaf shoot emerges. Use
rockwool potting medium.
120
PLEIONE
FORMOSANA
Orchid profiles
This small orchid is really easy to grow, which

makes it ideal for beginners and children. It
couldn’t be simpler: if the plant has leaves it
needs water and if it doesn’t, keep dry.

When the new shoots grow in
HOW IT GROWS As a terrestrial spring, begin watering weekly
orchid, with a sympodial habit. and continue through summer
It is found in damp soil, in to swell the new pseudobulbs.
shady woodland. Mist leaves daily during
summer. Once its leaves have
dropped, this species needs
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Produces a dry winter rest, so do not
the mountains of rounded, deciduous water in winter.
China and Taiwan. pseudobulbs, which
die as the new one
matures. Flower
stems emerge from
new shoots. POSITION
Place outdoors in a shady
spot during spring and
SIZE Flowers that reach summer; direct sun might
4 in (10 cm) high nestle burn the leaves, but they
among leaves that are will drop in fall. Before
6 in (15 cm) tall. These
6 in (15 cm)
frosts arrive, move indoors

small orchids spread into a very cool, bright
about 4 in (10 cm) room at 41–59ºF (5–15°C)
wide.
for the winter rest.
4 in (10 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER 121
A cold, dry winter rest encourages
FEED
Pleione formosana
the next season’s flowering.
Blooms grow from the center of the Add a high-nitrogen fertilizer
new leaf shoots in late winter and every 2–3 waterings in spring
spring. When each flower has and summer to boost new
faded, trim its stem back just above growth. A high-potash fertilizer
the leaf. in late summer and fall will
promote flowering. No feeding
is needed in winter.
REPOT
Annual repotting can
be done in early spring
as the new shoots start
to grow. Remove old
compost and older, dead
pseudobulbs, and repot
with a mix of fine bark,
perlite, and peat moss,
or a similar mix that will
keep the roots moist all
summer.
“Once its leaves have

dropped, this species needs
a dry winter rest, so don’t
water in winter.”
THE RELATIVES
THE RELATIVES
Pleione
The many attractive Pleione hybrids available
provide a wide variety of flower colors, but are
all compact and deciduous, and require the
same simple care to thrive.
PLEIONE BULBOCODIOIDES ▶
Native to China, Nepal, and
Taiwan, this species’ pink flowers
have white-frilled lips, and are
borne on upright stems.
◀ PLEIONE FORMOSANA
VAR. ALBA
This is the elegant, pure white,
albino form of the popular pink
species. There is just a touch of
yellow in the flower’s throat.
123
Pleione
◀ PLEIONE PITON
Upright stems support large
flowers in a soft shade of
lavender, with bold purple
patterning on their lip.
PLEIONE PLEIONOIDES ▶
This species has a distinctive
broad, rich-pink lip. The petals
and sepals are narrower and
vary from lilac to dark pink.
◀ PLEIONE SHANTUNG
While many pleiones are shades
of pink and purple, this renowned
variety is an unusual hue of pale
lemon yellow.
124 TOP FIVE
HANGING
DISPLAY IDEAS
When other surfaces are full, find more space
for orchids by suspending them from the wall or
ceiling, where they will enjoy the extra light and
air movement as they would in the rain forest.
1 Many containers
HANGING POTS can be converted
With the addition of secure plastic, metal, or rope pot to hanging pots
hangers, any potted orchid will look fabulous hung from
a hook or bracket. Most orchids will flourish provided
the container has plenty of drainage holes, but it
particularly suits those with pendent flower stems.
Try a rag orchid, see pp.54–57; chain orchid,
see pp.72–73; or Cymbidium Sarah Jean
‘Ice Cascade’, see p.61.
2
As the orchid KOKEDAMA
grows, its This quirky Japanese method of growing plants
roots will involves wrapping the roots up into a ball with peat
begin to poke moss. This is then finished with a decorative layer of
moss, and secured and suspended with fishing line or
through jute string. Water by submerging the ball briefly when
it has dried out.
Try with a moth orchid, see pp.114–117.
3
HANGING BASKETS
Orchids are often grown in slatted wooden baskets,
but any basket with lots of holes or an open structure
can be used. Hanging baskets particularly suit larger
specimens that enjoy good drainage, and those that
produce flower stems from underneath the plant.
Try an upside-down orchid, see pp.132–133;
pineapple orchid, see pp.68–69; or Dracula
bella, see pp.76–77.
The unusual
flowers of
Dracula bella
hang down
from the base
4
GROWING WITH BARE ROOTS
The aerial root systems of epiphytic orchids flourish
without a pot, and make a dramatic feature when
the plant is suspended from a high hook by a wire
or string hanger. Attach the hanger to the base of Convert an old
the plant, where there is often a small plastic shutter into a
basket, and mist the roots daily. display board
Try Vanda Blue Magic, see pp.136–137.
5
VERTICAL DISPLAYS
Make imaginative use of walls, shelving, or shutters
to generate new display spaces. Hang mounted or
A mass of potted plants from hooks or brackets, as well as
aerial roots placing them on shelves, to create a spectacular,
makes a ever-changing theater of plants in flower.
bold visual Try with a corsage orchid, see pp.48–51;
statement rag orchid, see pp.54–57; or Zygopetalum
Artur Elle, see pp.140–141.
126
PLEUROTHALLIS
RESTREPIOIDES
Orchid profiles
This fascinating free-flowering species holds its

many attractive red and white patterned flowers
on elegant, arching stems. It will flower reliably
if kept cool and moist throughout summer.

Water from above, and do not
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial stand the pot in water. Grow
epiphyte, on the branches of in peat moss, because this
trees, at high altitude. retains moisture around the
roots. Check the pot weekly
and water when drying out.
Mist the leaves regularly to
ORIGIN Found in ANATOMY Thick, create humidity.
cloud forests from rounded leaves
Colombia to Peru. grow from spindly
stems. Flower stems
and keikis arise at
the joint between
leaf and stem. POSITION
Choose a cool, shady, well-
ventilated place, with a
SIZE The rounded temperature ranging from
leaves can reach 10 in 50ºF (10ºC) to 68ºF (20ºC).
12 in (30 cm)
(25 cm) long, and will Avoid excessive summer heat.

spread into a clump 8 in A fan helps create the air
(20 cm) wide. Arching movement that they like.
flower stems are 12 in
(30 cm) tall.
8 in (20 cm)
FLOWER
Growing a strong plant Similar cool, humid
in the right cool, moist conditions also suit these
conditions helps this striking Pleurothallis
orchid flower each year. species, which will often
Once the flowers have thrive in a terrarium.
faded, trim the dead
stem back to the leaf
it has grown from.
FEED PLEUROTHALLIS TRUNCATA

Use a high-nitrogen Each spray of tiny, bright
fertilizer every 2–3 orange, ball-shaped flowers
waterings in spring is perfectly displayed laid
and summer. Change on top of a leaf.
to a high-potash
feed in late summer
and fall.
REPOT
Repot every 2–3
years, or when the
new leaves make the PLEUROTHALLIS
pot top heavy. Use PALLIOLATA
a mix of peat moss This strange single flower sits
on the heart-shaped leaf,
and perlite. and has been likened to an
open-mouthed baby bird.
128
OCTOPUS ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Prosthechea cochleata
The cute blooms on this national flower of Belize
look just like a little octopus, but it is also known as
the “cockleshell orchid” due to the shell-shaped lip at
the top of the flower. It’s an easy beginner’s orchid.

Water from the top of
HOW IT GROWS This orchid has the pot and allow the
a sympodial habit. It grows as plant to drain well so it
an epiphyte on tree branches, does not stand in water. In
with aerial roots to anchor it. spring and summer water
weekly, and every 2–3
weeks in fall and winter,
ORIGIN Mexico, ANATOMY Produces but always check that the
Central America, oval pseudobulbs, pot is dry first. Mist the
and northern with a pair of leaves daily to increase
South America. broad, dark-green humidity.
leaves at each tip.
The flower stem
emerges from
between the leaves.
POSITION
SIZE Flower stems Place in a cool room with a
reach 16 in (40 cm) minimum of 50ºF (10°C) in
16 in (40 cm)
high, with leaves up winter, and a maximum of 68ºF

to 12 in (30 cm) tall. (20ºC) in summer, when it will
Plants spread to also need shade. Try a humid
8 in (20 cm) wide. bathroom or kitchen, where
leaves can be misted regularly.
8 in (20 cm)
Providing cooler winter
conditions, and the correct These other Prosthechea
feeding and watering to form species are also easy to
a strong new pseudobulb, will grow and free-flowering,
encourage re-flowering each so they make excellent
year on the matured bulb. beginner’s orchids.
When the flowers are over,
trim off the dead stems.
FEED
Use a high-nitrogen
PROSTHECHEA RADIATA
waterings while the A robust plant with heads
new pseudobulbs and of long-lasting, highly
leaves are forming. fragrant, ice-green flowers
Use a high-potash in the summer.
feed to fatten-up the
pseudobulb and
promote flowering.
REPOT
Repot when the pseudobulbs
reach the edge of the pot. This
is usually needed every 2–3
years. Wait until after flowering, PROSTHECHEA GARCIANA
when the new leaf shoot starts A compact species with
to emerge. Use medium or pairs of back-to-back
speckled pink flowers, which
coarse orchid bark.
are also highly fragrant.
130
RESTREPIA
CUPREA
Orchid profiles
A true miniature orchid, this species has amazing tiny,

boat-shaped flowers in an almost metallic shade of
copper. Its diminutive size makes it ideal to grow in
a terrarium as part of a miniature orchid garden.

These orchids grow best in peat moss,
HOW IT GROWS As an epiphyte which helps the roots stay constantly
with a spreading sympodial moist. Check weekly and water when
habit, clinging to small drying out. Water from above, and
branches in cloud forests. never stand in water. Mist leaves
regularly to create humidity.

the mountains a clump of spindly
of Colombia. stems with small,
thick leaves. Where
leaves join stems,
flowers arise, and POSITION
keikis can grow, too. Choose a cool, shady,
well-ventilated place,
with a temperature
SIZE Leaves only range of 50–68ºF
reach 4 in (10 cm) tall (10–20ºC). Ensure
on these small plants, that they stay cool
4 in (10 cm)
with the flowers held in summer. Create

at a similar height. the air movement that
Plants will spread to they like with a fan.
4 in (10 cm) in time.
4 in (10 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER FEED THE RELATIVES
The flowering season is Use a high-nitrogen
variable, and strong specimens feed every 2–3 All compact and great
grown in cool, shady, moist waterings in spring value, Restrepia species
conditions should re-flower and summer, then thrive on a cool windowsill
easily through the year. After a high-potash feed and are free-flowering
flowers have faded, trim the in late summer throughout the year.
dead stem back to where it and fall.
joins the leaf.
RESTREPIA GUTULLATA
Use a magnifying glass to
really appreciate the deep-
red spots and stripes on this
incredible little flower.
REPOT
Repot every 2–3
years or when
the new leaves
are making the
small pot top RESTREPIA BRACHYPUS
heavy. Use a mix The small, yellow flowers of
of peat moss and this South American species
are dramatically striped
perlite.
with dark red.
132
UPSIDE-DOWN
ORCHID
Orchid profiles
Stanhopea tigrina
Best grown in a hanging basket, this orchid earns
its “upside-down” reputation with downward-
growing stems of fragrant, short-lived blooms.

Water from the top of the basket
HOW IT GROWS As a sympodial and drain well, never leaving
epiphyte on the branches of it standing in water. Always
trees, with aerial roots to check the potting mix is dry
anchor it. before watering. Water once or
twice a week in spring and
summer, and every 1–2 weeks
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Each
in fall and winter. Mist the
Mexico. round pseudobulb
leaves daily to increase
produces a single
humidity levels around the
leaf at its tip. The
long flower stems
plant.
grow downward.
POSITION
SIZE The upright leaves Place in good light, in a room with
reach 16 in (40 cm) tall a cool temperature ranging from a
24 in (60 cm)
and plants can spread minimum of 50ºF (10°C) in winter,

to a summer maximum of 68ºF (20ºC).
Long flower stems hang
Shade leaves from direct summer sun.
down 8 in (20 cm)
Try a humid bathroom or kitchen,
below the plant.
where leaves can be misted daily.
12 in (30 cm)
FLOWER
A cooler winter, and correct FEED These spectacular species
feeding and watering, will Use a high-nitrogen also produce many exotic
form a new pseudobulb that fertilizer every 2–3 flowers hanging beneath
is ready to flower. Ensure waterings during the plant on long stems.
flower stems can grow down the growing season,
without catching on roots or as new leaves and
the basket slats. bulbs are being
formed. Swap to a
high-potash fertilizer
when the pseudobulb
is fattening up, to
STANHOPEA OCULATA
Pendent stems bear large,
yellow, speckled flowers,
with a black eye at their
center and a heavy scent.
REPOT
Every 2–3 years, when the new
pseudobulbs reach the edge of
the basket, it is time to repot.
Wait until after flowering, when STANHOPEA GRAVEOLENS
new leaf growth begins. Add peat This Central American species
moss to medium orchid bark to produces several waxy, bold
yellow and orange, fragrant
help retain moisture.
flowers on each large stem.
134
THUNIA
GATTONENSIS
Orchid profiles
These deciduous orchids rest during winter and

grow rapidly in summer, producing attractive
soft leaves along tall stems. These culminate in
a cluster of delicate, white, tissue-like flowers.

This species needs a dry winter
HOW IT GROWS This is a rest, so do not water once the
sympodial orchid, which grows leaves have dropped. When the
as a terrestrial in damp soil in new shoots begin to grow in
shady woodland. spring, start watering weekly, and
continue through summer, as the
new cane-like pseudobulbs grow.
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Forms Mist leaves daily in summer.
Southeast Asia. deciduous, cane-
like pseudobulbs.
Flower stems grow
from the top of new
canes, and any older
pseudobulbs die.
POSITION
SIZE Slim canes reach Keep in a cool room in
32 in (80 cm) high spring and summer, with a
32 in (80 cm)
when flowering, with maximum of 59ºF (15°C),

numerous pointed shaded from the heat of
leaves along their direct sunlight. Choose a
length. Clumps spread cool, light room in winter
(minimum 46ºF/ 8ºC).
12 in (30 cm)
A cold, dry winter rest encourages these
orchids to produce flowers the following These Thunia species also
season. The flowers are short-lived, only thrive in cool conditions.
blooming for about a week. When the Their graceful blooms are
flowers at the top of the cane have faded, short-lived, but always
trim their dead stems back to the leaves. a delight.
FEED
Apply a high-
THUNIA MARSHALLIANA
nitrogen fertilizer A showy species from Myanmar,
with every 2–3 Thailand, and southern China,
waterings in spring with a bright orange lip, which
and summer. Swap contrasts with the pure white
petals and sepals.
to a high-potash
fertilizer in late
summer. Do not
feed during winter.
REPOT
Repot annually in early spring,
as new shoots emerge. Remove
dead pseudobulbs, and repot THUNIA ALBA
with a moisture retentive Almost pure white, the blooms
mix of fine orchid bark, perlite, of this Southeast Asian species
have just a touch of yellow at
and peat moss.
their center.
136
VANDA
Orchid profiles
Vanda Blue Magic

Stunning violet-blue flowers make this large hybrid
incredibly popular. It thrives given warmth and high
humidity, and in ideal conditions will grow with
its aerial roots loose or displayed in a vase.
VITAL STATISTICS FEED

When the plant is just growing
HOW IT GROWS This monopodial new leaves, or after repotting,
orchid grows at high altitude, use a high-nitrogen fertilizer
as an epiphyte on the branches every 2–3 waterings. Use a high-
of forest trees. potash fertilizer to encourage
flowering once the leaf growth
has finished. Add feed to spray
ORIGIN Native to ANATOMY Thick water and apply when misting
cloud forests from leaves fan out from the roots.
Colombia to Peru. spindly stems.
Flower stems arise
where stems and
leaves join, and
keikis can grow
from there, too. POSITION
Place in a warm room
with a minimum of 64ºF
SIZE Plants in flower (18°C) in winter and a
can reach 24 in (60 cm) maximum of 86ºF (30ºC)
24 in (60 cm)
tall, and even 40 in in summer, when it needs

(100 cm) including the plenty of light. Find a
long aerial roots. warm, light room where
Foliage can spread to regular spraying can
16 in (40 cm) wide.
create extra humidity.
16 in (40 cm)
HELP TO FLOWER 137
Good light and feeding with a high-
Vanda Blue Magic

potash fertilizer will encourage new
flowers in any season. Staking may
be needed if growing in a pot. When
the flowers have finished, trim the
stem back to the leaves.
WATER REPOT
However you choose to grow your If growing in a pot, repot after
Vanda, always mist its aerial roots daily. flowering, using coarse orchid
In a pot: Water from the top and drain bark, when the pot is root-
well. When the pot is dry, water weekly bound and the plant is
in spring and summer, and every 2–3 becoming top heavy. This is
weeks in fall and winter. usually necessary every 2–3
Growing with loose aerial roots: years. Lots of aerial roots is a
Spray the aerial roots well every 1–2 sign of a happy plant and may
days, so they turn from gray to green. not mean it needs repotting.
In a vase: Create humidity by tucking
the roots into a glass vase. Pour water
over them twice a week, leave for 10
minutes, then pour it out.
THE RELATIVES
MEET THE RELATIVES
Vanda
Vibrant and exotic, the speckled flowers of the
Vanda family come in a spectacular range of
colors. Just be sure to provide a warm, humid
environment, and they will thrive.
VANDA EXOTIC PURPLE ▶

Dazzling flowers, their wide
petals, boldly patterned in purple
and white, make this an extremely
popular Vanda hybrid.
◀ VANDA ROTHSCHILDIANA
The large, pale violet-blue
flowers of this tall hybrid reach
4 in (10 cm) across, and have
an attractive dark purple lip.
139
Vanda
◀ VANDA PINK MAGIC
This striking hybrid boasts large,
long-lasting flowers in an
arresting shade of vibrant pink
with a pale mottled pattern.
VANDA PRINCESS ▶
MIKASA BLUE
A hybrid with smaller, deep
lavender-blue flowers, each
about 21⁄2 in (6 cm) across.
◀ VANDA YELLOW MAGIC

An unusual yellow variety with
dark red spots peppering its large
blooms. Warm, humid conditions
are essential for it to flourish.
140
ZYGOPETALUM
ARTUR ELLE
Orchid profiles
An unusual combination of purple and

green creates striking blooms with the
added bonus of sweet fragrance, making
this easy orchid a must for any collector.

Water from the top
HOW IT GROWS As a of the pot and allow
sympodial epiphyte on tree to drain well, never
branches, with strong aerial leaving the pot standing
roots to anchor it. in water. Allow the pot
to dry out in between
waterings. Water weekly
ORIGIN From ANATOMY Forms in spring and summer,
the rain forests large, rounded and every 2–3 weeks in
of South America. pseudobulbs, with fall and winter.
leaves produced at
their tips. The flower
stem grows within
the new leaf shoot.
POSITION
Place in good, indirect light,
SIZE Leaves growing at in a room with an intermediate
the tips of pseudobulbs temperature range: a winter
16 in (40 cm)
reach 12 in (30 cm) tall, minimum of 54ºF (12°C) to a

and plants spread to summer maximum of 68ºF
8 in (20 cm) wide. (20ºC). Try a humid bathroom
Flower stems can be or kitchen, where it’s easy to
16 in (40 cm) high.
keep leaves misted regularly.
8 in (20 cm)
Given the correct levels of light and
humidity, this orchid should flower Although Zygopetalum hybrids
happily each year. The flowering are more commonly cultivated,
season is naturally variable, these interesting species are
depending on when the plant starts just as easy to grow.
into growth. When the flowers are
spent, trim the dead stems off.
FEED
Use a high-
nitrogen feed every
2–3 waterings
ZYGOPETALUM CRINITUM
when new leaves This Brazilian species is compact
are growing. As the and easy to grow. Its highly
new pseudobulb fragrant flowers have dramatic
matures, swap to a purple markings.
high-potash feed
to promote blooms.
REPOT
It is time to repot when
new pseudobulbs reach
the edge of the pot. This
is usually every 2–3 years.
Repot after flowering, ZYGOPETALUM MACKAYI
when the new leaf shoot A spectacular species, with tall
starts to grow. Use coarse stems of large, heavily scented
flowers, in contrasting shades
or medium orchid bark.
of purple, white, and green.
142
INDEX
A C. purpurata 51
C. trianae 51
D. cobbianum 73
D. glumaceum 72–73
aerial roots 16, 27, 125
chain orchid 72–73, 124 D. wenzelii 73
Aliceara
choosing orchids 18 Disa
A. Peggy Ruth Carpenter 104
cleaning leaves 25 D. Diores 75
A. Tahoma Glacier 104
Coelogyne D. Kewensis 75
Angraecum
C. cristata 54–55 D. uniflora 74–75
A. Crestwood 35
C. flaccida 56 display stands 107
A. didieri 35
C. massangeana 56 displaying orchids 88–89
A. sesquipedale 34–35
C. mooreana 57 hanging displays 124–125
Anguloa
C. nitida 57 multi-plant displays 106–107
A. clowesii 36–37, 70
C. speciosa 57 dividing orchids 29
A. Cotil Point 37
comet orchid 34–35 Dracula
A. virginalis 37
containers 89 D. bella 76–77, 125
aphids 31
clay pots 20, 88 D. simia 77
Aspasia lunata 38–39
decorative pots 88 D. vampira 77
hanging baskets 125 drainage 20
B
hanging pots 124
bark, orchid 21
bark-mounted orchids 89, 107
large 106 E, F
plastic pots 20 easy-care orchids 52–53
Bletilla
corsage orchid 31, 48–51, 125 Epicattleya René Marqués 79
B. ochracea 41
crucifix orchid 78–79 Epidendrum
B. striata 40–41
Cymbidium E. porpax 79, 107
B. striata alba 41
C. Castle of Mey ‘Pinkie’ 58–59 E. radicans 78–79
boat orchid 30, 31, 58–61
C. erythraeum 60 epiphytic orchids 16, 25, 89, 125
Brassia
C. erythrostylum 60 feeding 25
B. Ariana Verde 43
C. goeringii 61 fertilizers 25
B. Orange Delight 42–43
C. lowianum 61 flower structure 17
B. Rex 43
C. Sarah Jean ‘Ice Cascade’ 61, 124 flowering, encouraging 24
B. verrucosa 70
bud drop 31
Bulbophyllum
D G, H
dancing ladies 52, 88, 98–101, 107 glass cases 107
B. ambrosia 45
deadheading 25 grouping orchids 106
B. Elizabeth Ann ‘Bucklebury’ 45
Dendrobium 21, 28 Guarianthe aurantiaca 50
B. lobbii 44–45, 71, 107
D. Berry Oda 53, 66–67, 89 humidity 23, 106
buying orchids 18–19
D. Comet King 63
C D. densiflorum 68–69 J, K
D. Emma Gold 65 jewel orchid 82–83
Calanthe
D. infundibulum 69 keikis (baby plants) 28
C. discolor 46–47
D. Irene Smile 63 kite orchid 86–87, 107
C. striata 47
D. kingianum 67 kokedama 124
C. tricarinata 47
D. Polar Fire 64–65, 106
Cambria orchid 102–105
caring for orchids 24–25, 52–53
D. Sa-Nook Blue Happiness 65 L
D. speciosum 67 Laelia
Cattleya
D. Spring Dream 62–63 L. anceps 80–81
C. bicolor 50
D. williamsonii 69 L. autumnalis 81
C. bowringiana 48–49
Dendrochilum L. gouldiana 81
C. forbesii 51
light 22 R. cuprea 71, 131
Ludisia discolor 82–83 P R. gutullata 131
Lycaste pansy orchid 30, 96–97 root rot 31
L. aromatica 84–85 Paphiopedilum
L. deppei 85 P. callosum 110 S
L. virginalis 85 P. delenatii 110 scale insect 31
P. insigne 112–113 slipper orchid
M P. Leeanum 113 cool growing 112–113
Masdevallia P. Maudiae 53, 108–109 South American 118–119
M. barlaeana 87 P. Pinocchio 111 warm-growing 53, 106, 108–111
M. coccinea 86–87 P. sukhakulii 111 specialist orchid growers 18
M. coriacea 87 P. villosum 113 spider orchid 42–43, 70, 89
Maxillaria P. wardii 111 staking 21, 88
M. coccinea 92 pebble trays 23 Stanhopea
M. meleagris 92 pests and problems 30–31 S. graveolens 133
M. picta 93 Phalaenopsis S. oculata 133
M. praestans 90–91 P. Atlantis 116 S. tigrina 71, 132–133
M. tenuifolia 93 P. Cool Breeze 24, 52, 114–115 sympodial orchids 17, 27, 29
M. variabilis 93 P. cornu-cervi 116
mealybug 30 P. equestris 117 T
microclimates 23, 89, 107 P. Happy Minho 117 Table Mountain orchid 74–75
Miltonia P. Limelight 117 temperature 22
M. flavescens 95 Phragmipedium terrariums 107
M. spectabilis 95 P. besseae 118–119 terrestrial orchids 16
M. Sunset 94–95 P. Grande 119 Thunia
Miltoniopsis P. Sedenii 119 T. alba 135
M. Herralexandre 96–97 pineapple orchid 68–69, 125 T. gattonensis 134–135
M. Pink Cadillac 97 Pleione T. marshalliana 135
M. Red Tide 97 P. bulbocodioides 122 tulip orchid 36–37, 70
miniature orchids 18, 35, 61, 71, 79, P. formosana 53, 120–121
100, 101, 107, 116, 117, 130–131, P. formosana var. alba 122 U, V
138 P. Piton 123 upside-down orchid 71, 125, 132–133
misting 23 P. pleionoides 123 Vanda
monopodial orchids 17, 27 P. Shantung 123 V. Blue Magic 89, 107, 125, 136–137
moss 106, 124 Pleurothallis V. Exotic Purple 138
moth orchid 24, 28, 30, 52, 88, 106, P. palliolata 127 V. falcata 138
107, 114–117, 124 P. restrepioides 126–127 V. Pink Magic 139
mounting orchids 89 P. truncata 127 V. Princess Mikasa Blue 139
multi-plant displays 106–107 positioning orchids 22–23 V. Yellow Magic 139
potting mix 21 vases 89
O propagation 28–29 vertical displays 125
octopus orchid 128–129 division 29
Oncidium keikis (baby plants) 28 W, Z
O. cheirophorum 100 Prosthechea watering 24, 26
O. Mieke von Holm 105 P. cochleata 128–129 weird and wonderful orchids 70–71
O. ornithorhynchum 100 P. garciana 129 wild, orchids in the 16
O. Sharry Baby 101 P. radiata 129 winter care 22, 24
O. Sweet Sugar 52, 98–99 pseudobulbs 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29 Zygopetalum
O. Twinkle 101 Z. Artur Elle 107, 125, 140–141
O. unguiculatum 101 R Z. crinitum 141
Oncidopsis Nelly Isler 102–103 rag orchid 54–57, 125 Z. mackayi 141
Oncostele red spider mite 30
O. Catatante 105 repotting orchids 20, 21, 26–27
O. Midnight Miracles ‘Massai Red’ 105 Restrepia
online purchases 18 R. brachypus 107, 130–131
58bc, 62bc, 64bc, 66bc, 68bc, 70cr, 72bc, 74bc,
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
144 Sara Rittershausen runs the top orchid nursery
76bc, 78bc, 80bc, 82bc, 84bc, 86bc, 90bc, 94bc,
96bc, 98bc, 102bc, 108bc, 112bc, 114bc, 118bc,
in the UK, Burnham Nurseries in Devon, which 120bc, 126bc, 128bc, 130bc, 134bc, 136bc, 140bc;
was started by her grandfather and continued Whiskybottle 8cra, 84bc, 85l. Getty Images:
by his daughter Wilma and son Brian (Sara’s dad). Wagner Campelo 10clb, 101cla; I love Photo and
Apple 5cb (Calanthe), 46bc, 47l; Jouan / Rius /
Sara has played a role in several orchid books,
Gamma-Rapho 4ca, 35l; Kevin Schafer 8bc, 81crb.
is an RHS Orchid Judge on the Orchid Committee, naturepl.com: Chris Mattison 5bc, 44bc, 45l, 71cr.
President of the Devon Orchid Society, and has Henry Oakeley: 4cb, 4bc, 4br, 6tr, 6cra, 6clb, 7crb,
been involved in many of Burnham Nurseries’ 7bc, 8cla, 8cb (Laelia gouldiana), 8bc (Epidendrum
Gold Medal–winning exhibits, including at the porpax), 9tc (Maxillaria variabilis), 9cla, 9ca, 9cb,
Chelsea Flower Show and other RHS shows 9bl, 11bc, 12tc, 12ca, 12br, 13tl, 35cra, 35crb,
37crb, 61cla, 61cr, 67crb, 73crb, 75crb, 79cra,
through the years. At the London Orchid Show
81cra, 87cra, 91l, 92bl, 93cla, 93bl, 127l, 133cra,
2018, Burnham Nurseries won a gold medal for 133crb. Rex by Shutterstock: Amy Sancetta / AP
its display, the seventh year in a row. 5ca, 43cra; Paul Brown 5tl, 38bc, 39l. Sara
Rittershausen: 4crb, 5tc, 5ca (Bulbophyllum
ambrosia), 6tc, 6ca (Coelogyne massangeana),
6crb, 6bc, 7cra, 8ca, 9cb (Miltonia spectabilis), 9bc,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9bc (Miltonia flavescens), 10tl, 10cra, 11tl, 11tc,
11cla, 11cra, 12tr, 12ca (Prosthechea radiata),
DK would like to thank Marie Lorimer for indexing,
12cb, 12cb (Prosthechea garciana), 12bc, 37cra,
Jane Simmonds for proofreading, and the following
45cra, 45crb, 57bc, 60bl, 61bl, 73cra, 77crb, 93cr,
DTP Designers at DK Delhi for creating the image 95cra, 95crb, 110bl, 111bl, 113l, 117cla, 119br,
cut-outs: Satish Chandra Gaur, Rajdeep Singh, 127cra, 127crb, 129cra, 129crb, 131cra. Science
Anurag Trivedi. Photo Library: Paul Harcourt Davies 9clb, 87crb;
Sam K Tran 5tr, 47crb.
Picture credits
The publisher would like to thank the
Cover images: Front: Getty Images:
following for their kind permission to
FrankvandenBergh b; Back: Dreamstime.com:
reproduce their photographs:
Fwstupidio cr; Spine: Getty Images:
FrankvandenBergh t.
(Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center;
f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top)
Endpaper images: Front: Dreamstime.com:
Surachet Khamsuk cla, clb, c, bc, cra, crb.
123RF.com: Ariadna126 8cb, 78bc, 79l;
Whiskybottle 6cb (Red-Spotted Lip Cymbidium
All other images © Dorling Kindersley
Orchid), 7tr, 60cr, 68bc, 69tl. Alamy Stock Photo:
AfriPics.com 7br, 20clb, 75l; Avalon / Photoshot For further information see: www.dkimages.com
License 4cra, 37l, 70cb; Zena Elea 5clb, 41cra;
Gabbro 13bc, 139cr; Garden World Images Ltd 5bl,
13clb, 41crb, 135cra; John Glover 6ca, 58bc, 59l;
Alan Gregg 9tc, 13cla, 92cr, 134bc, 134-135; Glenn
Harper 13br, 141crb; Rex May 47cra; RM Floral
13bl, 135crb; Scenics & Science 8tl, 75cra; Vario
images GmbH & Co.KG 8tr, 83; Xinhua 8bl, 77cra.
Dorling Kindersley: Brian North / RHS Chelsea
Flower 5cb, 43crb; RHS Malvern Flower Show 2014
12bl, 123clb; RHS Wisley 6cb, 12clb, 57cla, 123cr.
Dreamstime.com: Surachet Khamsuk 18bl, 34bc,
36bc, 38bc, 40bc, 42bc, 44bc, 46bc, 48bc, 54bc,

Sara Rittershausen. Peter Bull, Peter Anderson - Happy Orchid - Help It Flower, Watch It Flourish-DK Publishing (2019)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sara Rittershausen. Peter Bull, Peter Anderson - Happy Orchid - Help It Flower, Watch It Flourish-DK Publishing (2019)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HAPPY

Managing Editor Dawn Henderson A catalog record for this book

With detailed information and care

Angraecum Anguloa virginalis

Bletilla striata Brassia Rex Bulbophyllum CORSAGE ORCHID

Bletilla ochracea Brassia Calanthe discolor Guarianthe

Bletilla striata alba Bulbophyllum lobbii Calanthe striata Cattleya bicolor

Cattleya forbesii Coelogyne BOAT ORCHID Cymbidium lowianum

Cattleya purpurata Coelogyne mooreana Cymbidium Cymbidium

RAG ORCHID Coelogyne nitida Cymbidium Dendrobium

PINEAPPLE ORCHID Dendrobium densiflorum

Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrochilum

Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrochilum

Dendrobium Sa-Nook Dendrobium speciosum CHAIN ORCHID TABLE MOUNTAIN

Disa Kewensis Dracula vampira Laelia anceps Lycaste aromatica

Dracula bella CRUCIFIX ORCHID Laelia gouldiana Lycaste virginalis

Dracula simia Epidendrum porpax Laelia autumnalis Lycaste deppei

Masdevallia Maxillaria Miltonia Sunset Miltoniopsis

Masdevallia coriacea Maxillaria picta Miltonia spectabilis Miltoniopsis

Maxillaria praestans Maxillaria tenuifolia Miltonia flavescens DANCING LADIES

Oncidium CAMBRIA ORCHID Oncostele Paphiopedilum

Oncidium Aliceara Oncostele Paphiopedilum

Oncidium Aliceara SLIPPER ORCHID Paphiopedilum

SLIPPER ORCHID MOTH ORCHID Phalaenopsis Phragmipedium

Paphiopedilum Phalaenopsis Phalaenopsis Pleione formosana

Paphiopedilum Phalaenopsis SLIPPER ORCHID Pleione

Pleione formosana var. alba

Pleione Pleurothallis Prosthechea radiata Restrepia brachypus

Pleione pleionoides Pleurothallis truncata Prosthechea garciana UPSIDE-DOWN

Pleione Pleurothallis Restrepia cuprea Stanhopea oculata

Thunia Vanda Zygopetalum

Thunia marshalliana Vanda Vanda Zygopetalum

Thunia alba Vanda Vanda Zygopetalum mackayi

The orchid family is the world’s largest group of

GROWING IN THE WILD

Each year new

SYMPODIAL ORCHIDS MONOPODIAL ORCHIDS

Selecting the right orchid to thrive in your home and

RELIABLE SOURCES THINGS TO CONSIDER

Take care not

Look for Wrap in

Dendrobium Polar Fire (pp.64–65) Pansy orchid (pp.96–97)

When your new orchid arrives home, check that

CHECK THE POT CHOOSE A POT

• Good drainage is the most

Potting soil/coir Rockwool Peat moss Coconut fiber

To thrive, each orchid needs to be grown in its preferred

Zygopetalum Artur Elle (pp.140–141) Display plants in attractive groups

Orchids are tough plants, often adapted to live

Moth orchid (pp.114–115) Water from above

Add feed when watering

Orchids that are flourishing will outgrow their

It is best to repot your orchid every 2–3

Check if the plant is “pot bound.” If the

Plants that are spilling over the edge of

Repot immediately if roots have

The best times to repot are after

1 Water the day before

4 Position the orchid in

Try propagating from your favorite orchid to make

KEIKIS MOTH ORCHIDS

1 Remove the orchid from

4 Select new pots with