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Apendix 2002 English Jp1
Apendix 2002 English Jp1
CONTENTS
UNITA BASJC GRAMMAR TERMINOLOGY UN1T C CONTRACTIONS
A-1 Subjects, verbs, and objects UNIT D NEGATIVES
A- 2 Prepositions and preposirional phrases D-1 Using not and other negative words
A-3 Adjectives o-2 Avoiding double negatives
A-4 Adverbs o-3 Begin.n.ing a semence with a
A-5 The verb be negative word
A-6 Linking verbs UNTTE PREPOSITION COMBlNATIONS
UNIT B QUESTIONS lN"IT F CONNECT(YES TO GfVE EXAMPLES
B-1 Forms of yes/no and information AND T O CONTfNUE AN JOEA
questions F-1 Connectives to give e:.xamples
B-2 Question words F-2 Connectives to continue the same
B-3 Shortened yes/no questions idea
B-4 Negative questions UNITG VERB FORM REVIEW EXERCISES
B-5 Tag questions
Al
D EXERCISE 1. Subjects, verbs, and objects. (Chart A-1)
Directions: Underline the subject (s), verb (v), and object ofthe verb (o ) in each sentence.
\J 0
1. The politician supported new taxes.
VI
2. Smoke rises.
4. I sneezed.
A.2 APPENDIX
A-2 PREPOSITIONS AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
COMMON PREPOSIT!ONS
about ac beyond imo sirzce up
ab(}'l)e bejore by like ihrough upon
across belzind despize near lhroughour with
after below down oj till withi11
against beneath during off lO 11Jitltout
aumg beside jor on lOVJa rd (s)
among besicks from out Wlder
around between in (}'l)eY umil
S V 0 l'REP 0 oU'REl>
,---, r--, r--,
(b) We enjoyed the party at your llouse.
(NOUN)
(c) We went to the zoo in the afternoon, In (c): ln most English sentences, "place" comes befon!
(place) (time)
(d) In the qfternoon, we wem to the zoo. In (d): Sometimes a preposltional phrase comes at the
beginning of a sentence.
7. We enjoyed the view of snowy mountains from tbe window of our hotel room.
8. The child sat between her parents on the sandy beach. Above her, an eagle flew across
A-3 ADJECTIVES
(a) Ann 1s an intelli'gent student. Adjectives describc· nouns. In grammar, we say rhat adjectives modify
(ADJECTTVE) (NOUN) nouns. The word "modify" means "change a little." Adjectives give -a little
(b) The hungry child ate fruit. different meaning to a noun: imelligem studenz, lazy swdent, good student.
(A,DJBC11VE) (NOUN) Examples of adjectives: young, old, rich, beatttiful, brown, French, modern.
(c) I saw some beautijul pictures. An adjective is neither singular nor plural. A final -s is never added to ao
INCORRECT: beautifuls piczures adjective.
A-4 ADVERBS
(a) H e walks gur'ckly . Adverbs modify verbs. Often they answer the question "How?" In (a):
(APVE'RB) How does he walk? Answer: Quickly.
(b) She opened the door qttiet/y. Adverbs are often formed by adding -ly to an adjective.
(ADVERB) adjective:· quick
adverb: quickly
(c) I am ext,.emely happy. Adverbs are also used to modify adjectives, i.e., ro give information about
(ADVERB) (ADJECTTVE) adjectives, as in (c).
(d) Ann will come l01?10t'YOW. Adverbs are also used to express time or frequency. Examples: ccmorrow,
(ADVERB) today~ yeszerday, soon, never, mually, always, yet.
MlDSENTENCE ADVERBS Some adverbs may occur in the middle of a sentence. Midsentence
(e) Ann always comes on time. adverbs have usual positions; they
(f) Ann is always on time. ( 1) come in front of simple presenc and simple pasc verbs (except be),
(g) Ann has always come on time. -as in (e);
(h) Does she always come oo time? (2) follow be (simple presenr and simple past), as in (f);
(3) come between a helping verband a main verb, as in (g).
In a question, a midsenrence adverb comes directly after the subjecr, as in (h).
A4 APPENDIX
0 EXERCISE 5. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs. (Charts A-1 ...... A-4)
Directums: Underline the adjecrives (ADJ) and adverbs (ADV) in the sentences.
AW A~ AW
1. A terrible fire spread rapidly through the old hause.
3. The eager player waited impatiently for the start of the game.
6. On especially busy days, the telephone in the main office rings constantly.
I (d) Mary is wrüing a Ietter. Be is also used as an auxiliary verb in progressive verb tenses and in
(e) They wet·e listening to some music. the passive.
(f ) That Ietter was wriuen by AJice. =
ln (d): is auxi/iary; writing = main verb
TENSE FORMS OF BB.
SlMPLE PRESEt-IT SlMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT
Jam 1 was I have been
SINGUI.J\R you are you we1·e you have beett
he, she, it is Jze, she, it was he, she, it has beetl
PLU RAL we,you, they at·e we,you, t.hey were we, you, they have beetl
* COMPARE:
(1) TM man Iooks arJgry. .... An at.ljective (angry) follows Iook. The adjective describes the s ubjecl ( cl1e ma11) . Look has
the meaning of"appear."
(2) T1re man looked atme angri/y. - • An adverb (angrily) follows Iook at. Tbe adverb describes the act.ion of the verb.
Look ut has the mean1ng of " regard, waten."
1. This math problern Iooks (easy~ easily). I'm sure I can do it (easy, easily) .
2. That chair Iooks (comfortable~ comfortably).
3. I looked at the problern (careful, carefully) and then solved it.
4. I felt (sad~ sadly) when I heard the news.
5, Susan smiled (cheerful, cheerfully). She seemed (cheerful, cheerfully) .
6. I tasted the soup (careful, carefuUy) because it was hot. The soup tasted (good, weil).
7. The room got (quiet~ quietly) when the professor entered. The studems sat
(quiet, quietly) at their desks.
8. The sky grew (dark~ darkly) as the storm approached.
A6 APPENDIX
0 EXERCISE 9. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, p repositions. (Charts A-1 -+ A-6)
Directions: Identify each underlined word as a noun, verb, adjective~ adverb, or preposition.
PREP
1. Through the centuries, many people have confused whaJes with fish .
2. Whales are mammals, not fish. They breathe air and give birth to live young.
3. Some species ofwhales dive deeply beneath the surface of the ocean in order to feed
and can stay under the water for more than an hour. AU whales, however, must come
4. Whales make the Iongestmigrations known among mammals. Gray whales swim from the
Pacific coast of Mexico, where they give birth in winter, to the kY Arctic for the swnmer.
5. Orca whales, which are black and white, are highly trainable. They are also called
''killer whales," but trainers tell us that these whales are intelligent and sensitive. One
time, a newly captured male orca refused to eat for a long time. Finally, he took a fish
from the trainer. However, he didn't eat the fish immediately; he took it to another
recently captured whale, a female who had also refused to eat, and shared it with her.
6. Whales have no sense of smell and poor eyesight. Their senses of touch and hearing,
however, are highly developed. They can hear an extremely wide range of sounds and
have a wide range of clicks, whistles, and songs. When a whale is captured 'in a net,
other whales gather araund it and communicate through the net. They follow the
UNIT B: Questions
B-1 FORMS OFYES/NO ANDINFORMATION QUESTIONS
A yes/no question =a question that may be answered by yes or no.
A: D oes he live in Chicago?
B: Yes, he d oes. OR No, he doesn't.
An i nformation question =a question that asks for ihformation by uslng a question word.
A: Where does he live?
B: In Chicago.
=
Question word order (Q/Jestion word) + helpiug verb + suhject + main verb
Notice that tbe same subject-verb order ls used in both yes/no and information questions.
( a) Does she live there? If the verb is in the simple present, use does
( b) Where does she live? (with he, she, ir) or do (with /, you, we, rhey) in
(c) Do tlrey live there? the question. If the verb is simple past, use did.
( d) Where do they live? Notice:The main verbin the question is in its
simple form; there js no final -s or -ed.
(e) Did he live there?
( f) Where did h.e live?
(q) Are they 0 there? Main verb be in the simple present {am, is,
(r) Where aTe they.' 0 are) and simple past (was, were) precedes the
( s) Was ]im 0 there? subject. lt bas the same position as a helping
( t) Where was ]im.' 0 verb.
A8 APPENDIX
0 EXERCISE 10. Forms of yes/no and information questions. (Chart B-·1)
Directions: Foreach of the following, first make a yes/no question. Then make an
Information question using where.
Example: They can stay there.
Yeslno quest:ion: Can they stay there?
Information question: Where can they stay?
1. She stays there.
2. She is staying there.
3. She will stay there.
4. She is going ro slay there.
5. They stayed there.
6. They will be staying there.
7. They should stay there.
8. He has stayed there.
9. He bas been staying there.
10. John is tbere.
11. John will be there.
12. John has been there.
13. Judy will have been there.
14. Arm and Tom were married there.
15. This package should have been raken there.
WHEN (a) When did they arrive? Yesterday. When is used to ask quesrions
When will you come? Next Monday. about 1ime.
WHY (c) Why did he leave early? Because h e's ill. Why is used to ask questions
W1Q1 aren't you comiog with us? l'm tired. about reason.
HOW (d) How did you come to school? By bus. How generally asks about manner.
H ow does he drive? CarefuUy.
(c) How much money does ir cost? Ten dollars. How is used with rnuch and
H ow man.)) people came? F ifteen. rnany.
(f) How old are you? TweJve. How is also used with adjecrives
How cold is 1t? Ten below zero. and adverbs.
How soon can you get here? ln tcn minutes.
How fast were you driving? 50 miJes an hour.
( g) How long has he been here? Two years. How lo-rzg asks about lengrh of time.
How ojten do you write horne? Every week. Ho1.u often asks about frequency.
H ow jaJ' is it to Miami from here? 500 miles. Howfar asks about dist,attce.
WHOM (j ) Wlzo (m ) did you see? I saw Geo~ge. Whom is used as rhe object of a
Who (m ) are you visiting? My relatives. verb or preposition. In everyday
(k) Who (m ) should I talk to? The secretary. spoken English, whorn is rarely
To whom should 1 talk? (formal) used; who is used instead. Whom
is used only 1n formal questions.
Note: Whon-z, not who, is used if
preceded by a preposition.
WHOSE ( I ) Wlzose book did you borrow? David's. Wh9se asks questions about
Whose key is this? lt's mine. posses$ion.
(Wiwse is this?)
I
\VHAT (m) What made you angry? His rudeness. What is used as the subject of a
What wem wrong? Everything. question. It refers to things.
(n) What do you need? r need a pencil. Wltat is also used as an object.
What did Alice buy? A book.
( o) What did he talk abaw? Mis vacation.
libout what did he talk? (formal)
( p) What kind of soup is that? lt's bean soup. What kind oj asks about the
What kind of shoes did he buy? Sandals. particular variety or type of
something.
( q) W1zat did you do last nigh.t? I studied .. What + a jom1 oj do is used to ask
What is Mary doing? Reading a book. questions about activ1ties.
( r) What countries did you v1sit? ltaly and Spain. What may accompany a noun.
What time did she come? Seven o'clock.
What color is his hair? Dark brown.
( s ) What is Ed like? H e's kind and What + be like asks for- a general
friendly. description of qualities.
( t) W11at is the weather like? Hot and humid.
( u) What does Ed Iook like? He's tall and has What + Look like asks for a
darl< hair. physical description.
( v) What does her house Iook like? lt's a rwo-story, *
red brick house.
A1 0 APPENDIX
0 EXERCISE 11 . Information questions. (Charts B-1 and B-2)
Directions: Work in pairs, in groups, or as a dass.
Speaker A: Give the cues in the text. The first of the two cues is the answer tO the
question you want Speaker B to form. Your book is open.
Speaker B: Make an appropriate question for the answer Speaker A gives you. Your book
is closed.
Examples:
SPEAKER A (book open): The teacher. The teacher opened the door.
SPEAKER B (book closed): Who opened the door?
SPEAKER A (book open): Opening the door. The teacher is opening the door.
SPEAKER B (book closed): What is the teacher doing?
*A form of do is usuall y used in questions wben the main verbis ha.ve (espedaUy in American English but also
commonly in British English); e.g. Do you have a car? Using have without a form of do is also possible but less
common; e.g., Ha.ve you a car?
NOTE: Especially in British English but also in American English, the idiom ha.ve got is used to indicate
possession insread of have alone; e.g., Bob has got a car. Ha.ve you got a car?
**In informal spoken English, another way of asking why is how come. Usual question word order is nor used
witb how come; instead, the subject comes in front of the verb.
example: john isn't here (becau.se he is sic/l). - • Why isn'r Johr: liere? OR
How come lohn im'i here?
A 12 APPENDIX
3. A: You Iook tired.
B: I am.
A: Stay up late last night?
B: Yup.
(e) The teeeher is talking to Jim about a test he failed . ln (e): The teacher believes that Jim did not study.
The teacher is surprised that fun failed the fest Expecied answtn·: No.
because he usually does very weil.
The teacher says: "Wha.t happened? Did11't you
.study?"
(f) Barband Ron are riding in a car. Ron is driving. In (f): Barb believes that Ron did not see the stop sign.
He comes to a corner where there is a stop sign, Expected amwer: No.
but he does not stop the car. Barbis shocked.
Barb says, "W'hat's the matter withyou? Didn't
you see that stop sign?"
2. A: It's almost dinrter time, and you haven't eaten since breakfast.
(you, be) hungry?
B: . I'm starving. Let's go eat,
4. A: D addy, Tommy said that the sun rises in the west. (it, rise) - - - - - - - --
in the east?
B: _ _ _ _ , Annie. You're right. Tommy is a Iinie mi1<ed up.
5. A: See thar man over there, the one in the green shirt?
B: Yes. Who is he?
A: (vou, recognize) _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ him?
B: . Am I supposed to?
6. A: I can't understand why David isn't here yet. (he, say, nm) - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - he would be here by 4:00?
B: _ _ _ _ . Samething must have delayed him . I'm sure he'll be here soon.
7. A: What's the matter? Everyone else at the party seems tobe having fun, but you Iook
bored. (you, have, not) - -- - -- - -- - - - - - - a good time?
B: - - -- · I'm thinking about going home pretty soon.
8. A: Did you know that the Missouri River is the langest river in the United Stares?
B:· Are you sure? (the Mississippi, be, not) - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -
the langest?
A: _ _ _ _ . The Missöuri is
araund 2,565 miles
(4~130 kilometers) long.
The Mississippi is araund
2,350 miles (3,800 kilometers) ,
A14 APPENDIX
B-5 TAG QUESTIONS
( a) Jack ca.n come, can't he? A tag question is a question added at the end of a sente.nce.
(b) Fred can't come, can be? Speakers use tag questions chiefly to make sure their information
AFFIRMATIVE SENTEN CE
is correct or to seek agreement.*
+ NEGATIVE TAG -> AFFJRMATIYE ANSWER EXPECTED
I
Mary is here, isn' t she? Yes, she is.
You like tea, don't you? Yes, I do.
They have left, haven't they? Yes, they have.
NEGA"nVE SE?rrENCE + AFFIRMATIVE TAG -t NEGATIVE ANSWER EXPECTED
Mary isfl 't here, is she? No, sbe isn't.
You don't like tea, do you? No, I don't.
They haven 't lejt, have they? No, they haven' t.
(c) This/That is your book, isn't it? The tag proneun for th islthat it. =
These!Those are yours, aren' t they? The tagproneun for theselthose = they .
(d) There is a meeting tonight, isn't chere? In sentences with there + be, the1·e is used in the tag.
(e) Eve·l 'ything is okay, isn't it? Personal pronouns are used to refer to indefinite pronouns. They
(f) Everyone took the test, didn't they? is usually used in a tag to refer to everyone, everybody,
smneone, sornebody, no OTU!, nobody.
(g) Nothing is wrong, is it? Sentences with negative words take affirmative tags.
(h) Nobody ca/led on the phone, did they?
(i) You've never beett there, have you?
2. Elizaberh is a dentist, ?
4. You'll be rhere, ?
1. That's ( ... )'s pen .... 15. Yau used ta live in NewYork ....
2. ( ... ) is living in an apartment . .. . 16. There's a better way ta solve that
3. ( ... ) Jives an (Main Street) . .. . problern . ...
4. There isn't a test tomorrow ... . 17. ( ... ) is gaing to come to class
5. ( ... ) has his/her baok ... . tomorrow ....
6. Yau had a good time .. . . t8. Yau should leave for the airpatt by
six ... .
7. ( . . . ) has been invited to the party . . ..
19. ( ... ) doesn't have a car ....
8. You didn't forget yaur key ....
20. ( ... ) sat next to ( .. . ) yesterday ... .
9. Your parents haven't arrived yer ....
2J. We have dass tomorrow .. ..
10. Turtles lay eggs ....
22. You've already seen that movie ....
ll. ( ... ) can 't speak (Arabic) ... .
23. ( ... ) will help us ....
12. ( .. . ) is never late ro dass ... .
24. Nobody has told you the secret ....
13. Samething will be done about that
problern righr away .... 25. I am right ....
14. These keys don'rbelong to you .... 26. Class ends at (ten) ....
*A form of do is usually used in the tag when· have is Lhe roain verb: Tom has a c;ar, doesm't he? Also
possible, but less common: Tom ha.s a car, hasn't he?
A16 APPENDIX
UNIT C: Contractions
c CONTRACTIONS
LN Sl'EAKJNG: In everyday spoken English, certaln forms of-be and atDtiliary verbs are usually contracted with
pronouns, nouns, and quescion words.
IN WRJTING: (l) In written English, contractions with pronouns are common in informal writing, but not
generally acceptable in formal writing.
(2) Contracrions with nouns and question words are, for the most part, rarely used in writing.
A few of these contractions may be found in quoted dialogue in stories or in very informal
writing, such as a chatty Ietter to a good friend, but most of them are rarely if ever written.
In the following, quotation marks indicate that the contraccion js frcquently spoken, but rarely if ever written.
WlTH P RONOUNS WITH NOUNS WITH QUESTION WORDS
are You're working hard. My "books're" on the table. " 1-Yhat' re" you doing?
They''t·e waiting for us. The "teache:rs're" at a meeting. ''1-Yhere're" they going?
h as Sh~'s been here for a year. My "book's" been stolen! 1-Yhere's Sally been living?
Jt's been cold lately. S ally's never met him. What's been going on?
bave l 've finished my work. The 'rbooks've'' be.en sold. " 1-Yhere've" they been?
They've never met you. The "studen ts've" finished the tesr. ''How've" you been?
b ad He'd been waiting for us. The "books'd" been sold. " 1-Yhere'd" you been before that?
We'd forgotteo abour ir. "Mary'd " oever met him before. ''Who'd'' been there before you?
will I'll come later. The "weather'll'' be nice tomorrow. ''Who'll" be at the meecing?
S~'ll help us. '']olm 'lf' be coming soon. " Whe<t·e'll'>you be at ten?
would He'd like to go there. My ''ft·iends'd" come if tbey could. " Where'd" you Iike to go?
They'd come if they could. "Mary'd" Jike to go there, too.
I
UNIT D: Negatives
AUX + NOT+ MA1N VERB Not immediately follows an auxiliary verb or b e. (Note: If there is more
(c) I will not go there. than one auxiliary, not comes immed1ately after the frrst auxiliary: 1 will
I lzave not gone there. not be going there.)
I am not going there. Do or does is used with not to make a simple present verb (except be)
I was not there. negative.
I do not go there. Did is used with not to make a simple past verb (except be) negative.
He does not go there.
I did not go there.
"Sometimes inspoken English you will hear "ain't." It means tlam not," "isn'r," or "aren'r." Ain't is not considered proper
English, but many people use ai11'c regularly, and it ls also l'requently used for humor.
A18 APPENDIX
3. _ _ __ automobiles are permirred in the park on Sundays.
11. "Colour" is spelled with a "u" in British English, but there is _ _ _ _ "u" in the
American English spelling ("color").
12. I excitedly reeled in roy fishing line, but the big fish I had expected to find did
_ _ _ _ appear. Instead, I pulled up an old rubber boot.
/
0
- ---)
•NoTE: Neg.arives in two dilferent clauses io !:he same sentence cause no problems; for ex.ample:
A pers011 who doestr't ha.ve IO'Zitt catr't be truly happy.
I don't know !Q/ry he i:m't fiere.
5. I didn't do nothing.
6. I can't hardly hear the radio. Would you please turn it up?
8. Methods of horse training haven' t barely changed at all in the last eight centuries.
•Beginning a sentence wirh a negative word is relat.ively uncommon in everyday usage', but is used when rhe speake:r/writer wishes
to emphasize the negative element of the sentence and be expressive.
A20 APPENDIX
UNIT E: Preposition Combinations
E PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS WITH ADJECTIVES
ANDVERBS
A be absent from be done with 0 object ro
be accused of dream of, about be opposed to
be accustomed to be dressed in p participate in
be acquainted with
E be engaged in, to be patient with
be addicted to
be envious of be pleased with
be afraid of
be equipped with be polite to
agree with
escape from pray for
be angry at, with
excel in, at be prepared for
be annoyed with, by
be excited about prevent from
apologize for
be exhausted from prohibit from
apply to, for
excuse for be proteered from
approve of
be exposed to be proud of
argue with, about
provide with
arrive in, at F be faithful ro
be associated with be familiar with Q be quali6ed for
be aware of feellike
R recover from
fight for
B believein be related to
be filled with
blame for be relevant to
be finished with
be blessed with rely (up)on
be fond of
be bored with" by be remernbered for
forget about
rescue from
c be capable of forgive for
respond to
care about, for be friendly to, with
be responsible for
be duttered with be frightened of, by
be committed to be furnished with s be satisfied with
compare to, with he scared of, by
G be gone from
complain about, of stare at
be grateful to, for
be composed of stop from
be guilty of
be concerned about subscribe to
be connected to H hide frorn substitute for
consist of hope for succeed in
be coment with
contribute to I be innocent of T take advantage of
be convinced of insist (up)on take care of
be coordinated with be Ioterested in talk about, of
introduce to be terrified of, by
count(up)on
be covered with be involved in thank for
think about, of
be crowded with J be jealous of
be tired of, from
D decide (up)on K keep from
be dedicated to u be upset with
be known for
be used to
depend (up)on
be devoted to L be limited to
V vote for
be disappointed in, with be located in
be discriminated against look forward ro w be worried abom
distinguish from M be made of, ftom
be divorced from be married to
A22 APPENDIX
13. The farmers are hoping rain.
14. Jason was late because he wasn' t aware the rirne.
15. We will fight _ _ _ _ _ _ our rights.
*Puncruation note: Periods are used with e.g. in Arnerican English. Periods are generally not used with eg in British EngHsh.
upunctuarion note:
(l) When the " such as phrase" can be ornirted without substantially changing the rneaning of the semence, commas are used.
Example: Some words, such as kttow and see, are vc(bs. (Commas are r.sed.)
(2) N o commas are used when the ":.-uch as phrase" gives essential information about the noun to which it refers.
Exampltr: Words such as kt/CXV and see are verbs. (No commas artr used.)
l . T here are many simple kinds of exercise you could include in your life to improve your
health. For example ....
-+ For example> you could walk briskly for half an hour three times a week.
2. Some rock stars have international fame) for example, ... .
3. T he names of some newspapers are internationally known, e.g., ... .
4. Some English words have the same pronunoation but different spelling, e.g., ....
5. Maoy English words have more than one meaning. For example, . .. .
6. If you are working too h ard and not making time for pleasurable activities in your Iife,
you should consciously schedule in relaxation tim e. For example, . . ..
A24 APPENDIX
7. Same natural phenorneoa, such as spring showers or moonlight, da not endanger
h,uman life. Other natural phenomena, however, have the potential ro be life-
threateoing to humans, for example, . ...
1. You need a hobby. There are many hobbies you might enjoy, --LS\.\=c"'-t-\!....!::.
0\~S,___ _ _
cevoo.IMics OY. st-oo.IMp colledi\\g.
'2. There are certain products that almost everyone buys regularly, _ _ __ _ __ __
- - - - - - - - - - -- - or when - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - -
9. Same subjects have always been easy and enjoyable for me, - - - - -- - - - - -
However, other subjects, _____ _ __ _ __
___________________, _________________
10. In certain Situations, - - - -- - - - - - - -- - when - - - - - - - - - - --
_ _ _________ or when _ _ _ _ _ __ ______, my English still
gives me a little trouble.
(b) The city provides many c ulrurat oppottuniries. In (b): In addt'tion to aod beside$* are used as
ln addition to } an excellenr arr museum it has prepositions. They are followed by an object (museum),
Besides ' not a c1ause.
a fine symphony orchestra.
A"26 APPENDIX
7. I arrived herein August 1999. By August 2009, 1 (be) - - - - - - - - - --
here for ten years.
8. Before (go) _ _ _ _ __ to bed, I have to fmish my homework.
9. (Hear) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that story many times before, I got bored when Jim
began to tell it again.
10. Do you know that man (sit) _ _ __ _ _ _ _ in the brown leather chair?
12. The instructor said that she (give) an exam neXt Friday.
15. This evening the surface ofthe Iake is completely still . It Iooks as if it (make)
- - - -- - - - of glass.
16. I don't know why the food service has to be so slow. We (stand) _ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _ __ _ _ _ _ here in the cafeteria line for over h alf an ho ur, and there (be)
_ _ _ _ __ still a lot of people in front of us.
17, .Sue says she can 't come on the pienie with us. I wish she (change) - -- - - - -
- -- - - - - - her mind and (decide) _ _ __ _ _ to come with us.
JS. My dog turned her head toward me and loo'ked atme quizzically, almost as if she
(ttnderstand) - - -- -- - - - - -- what I said.
7. Why didn't you tell me about this before? I certainly wish I (inform) _ _ _ __ __
_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ earlier.
10. Anna is grown up now. You shouldn't speak to her as if she (be) - - - - - - a child.
12. Wh.en the (puzzle) Student could not figure out the answer to
the (puzzle) problem, she demanded that I (give) _ __ _ __
her the correct answer, but I insisted that she (figure) _ __ _ _ _ it out for
herselL
14. The people (work) - - -- - -- - to solve the problems of urban poverty are
hopeful that many of these problems (solve) - - -- - -- - - - -- within the
next ten years.
15. lt's a funny Story. rn teil you the details when I (call) - - - - - - you tomorrow.
A28 APPENDIX
(6) to school with people from various parts of the world - -- - --:-:----:----- me the
(give)
(7) opportunity - ------,-------.,.--- and -----,------.,.---- - with people from
(erzcounrer) (imeract)
(8) different cultures. I -----.".~---- to share some of my experiences and
(like)
thoughts with you.
(46) Now, several months after m y arrival in the United Stares, I - ---..,.......,--- - able
(be)
to understand not only some English but also something ab out different cultures. If 1
A30 APPENDIX