KINGNOMEN

ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
GUIDE
UPPERINTERMEDIATE2

Lic.Paola Izurieta

A BOOKLET FOR
GRAMMAR
Copyright © 2020
by Lic. Paola Izurieta
KINGNOMEN ENGLISH

All rights reserved. No part of

this publication may be reproduced,
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form or by any means, including
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electronic or mechanical methods,
without the prior written
permission of the publisher, except
in the case of brief quotations
embodied in critical reviews and
certain other noncommercial uses
permitted by copyright law.

Calle Rufino Marín E12-49 y Oriental

Quito Ecuador

Editorial Kingnomen English

SUMMARY
This book purpose is improve
the grammar skills for the
Advanced Level of the Institute
Kingnomen Engish. Grammar
is important for comunicating,
for speaking and for writing.
Topics to be seen in this book
are relative clauses, past
continous vs. simple past, past
perfect continous and
conditionals.
 GERUNDS
U

Afirmative statements Negative

with gerunds Statements
with gerund

I love dancing I hate dancing

I enjoy eating sweet foods I dislike eating weird food
I am good at designing I can't stand designing

SPEAKING

Sort the hobbies that you like and

complete the chart
Love _________
Like__________
Dislike_______

GRAMMAR CHECK

Complete:

I love________________
I enjoy_______________
I am good at________
I can't stand _________
I hate__________
I dislike__________
 GERUNDS
U

Negative
Afirmative statements
Statements
with gerunds
with gerund

I love dancing I hate dancing

I enjoy eating sweet foods I dislike eating weird food
I am good at designing I can't stand designing

SPEAKING

Sort the hobbies that you like and

complete the chart
Love _________
Like__________
Dislike_______

GRAMMAR CHECK

Complete:

I love________________
I enjoy_______________
I am good at________
I can't stand _________
I hate__________
I dislike__________
 CLAUSES WITH
BECAUSE
Rule:
The first clause is I would be a ________
the conector is
the second clause is I I love+gerund

I could be a ______because I couldn't be a ______because

I would be a good doctor because I love I couldn't be a teacher because I am not
hospitals very patient
I would be a good architect because I am good I couldn't be a doctor because I can't stand
at drawing blood

SPEAKING

Make sentences with would or woudn't and the vocabulary

words.

DOCTOR TEACHER HOUSEWIFE ARCHITECT COOK

I would be a good______because______________________________________
I would not be a good _______because_________________________________

Ask questions about different habilities

Are you good at ?
reading drawing painting singing swimming talking listening

GRAMMAR

Complete the sentences

She would be a good manager because__________________________________
He would be a good writer because ______________________________________
My friend would be a good saleswoman because_________________________
My boyfriend would be a good psychologist because_____________________
 CLAUSES WITH
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Relative pronoun used
as subject
The writer, who writes science fiction
books, has finished his fiction novel..
The girl, who travels every year, has
finished her travel program

Relative pronoun used

as object
The house, which I bought, needs
some improvements

Relative pronoun used as a

possessive

Shakira, whose songs has become famous, has

been singing since she was a girl.

Non defyning clauses

If you are referring to the previous clause as a whole, use which

My friend eventually decided to get divorced, which upset me

a lot.
 Use of whom for persons and of which for things or concepts
after numbers and words such as most, many, some, both,
none.

I saw a lot of new people at the party, some

of whom seemed familiar.

He was always coming up with new ideas,

most of which were absolutely impracticable.

RULES
Use who to refer to people;
Use which to refer to things or to
refer to the previous clause as a
whole;

TIP
If you choose between who or that, use who in
writing;If you choose between which and that,
use which in writing;Do not put a comma
before that.
 5. Do not be misled by a phrase that comes between the subject and
the verb. The verb agrees with the subject, not with a noun or
pronoun in the phrase.

One of the boxes is open

The people who listen to that music are few.
The team capta as well as his players, is anxious.

6. The words each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody,
anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one are singular and require a
singular verb.

Each of these hot dogs is juicy.

Everybody knows Mr. Jones.Either is correct.
7. Nouns such as civics, mathematics, dollars, measles, and news require
singular verbs.

The news is on at six.

 PASSIVE VOICE
We change the passive voice by adding the verb to be +the verb in

The president opened the Empire State Building

The Empire State building was opened by the president.

William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet

Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare

Murakami wrote the novel IQ84

IQ84 was written by Murakami

Were many photos taken by you

Are your shoes made from leather?
yesterday?

Were many photos taken by you yesterday?

Was an e-mail written by you this year?
Was your cellphone bought last year?
Are you often sent on business trips?

CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

English is_____:____in the USA, Canada and the United Kingdom
The windows are __________________ by the housemaids
The car is ___________ by my dad
The novel is ____________________ by the author
A lot of bananas are ___________ in Ecuador
The Mona Lisa was ___________________by Leonardo Da vincci
The 5th symphony was _______________________by Bethoven
 SUBJECT AGREEMENT

1. When the subject of a sentence is composed of two or more

nouns or pronouns connected by and, use a plural verb.

She and her friends are at the fair.

2. When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by

or or nor, use a singular verb.

The book or the pen is in the drawer.

3. When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural

noun or pronoun joined by or or nor, the verb should agree with
the part of the subject that is nearer the verb.

His friends or the boy runs every day.

4. Doesn't is a contraction of does not and should be used only with

a singular subject.The exception to this rule appears in the case of
the first person and second person pronouns I and you. With these
pronouns, the contraction don't should be used.He doesn't like
it.They don't like it.
PAST CONTINOUS VS. SIMPLE PAST

The sentence in Past continous is the background activity and is an action

in progress in the past. The simple past is an activity that interrupted the
last activity.

I was sleeping when the phone rang.

I was cooking when my family came.
I was reading my book when I heard a sound.
SPEAKING

Answer to this questions:

What were you doing last vacations? What were you doing last Christmas?

What were you doing yesterday at 8 a.m?

What were you playing two days ago?
What were you doing on last vacations?
What were you doing last Christmas?

CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR

Complete the statements:
I was going to a museum when________
I was visiting this country when _________
I was eating in a restaurant when ___________
I was taking an exam when ____________
I was traveling on a plane when _____________
Present perfect continous

Use the present continous when an activity began in the past and has a
relationship with the present. We also use the present perfect for actions that
are unfinished. If you began an action in the past and you are still doing it right
now.

SPEAKING

TAKE TURNS TO ASK QUESTIONS

Have you been....... lately?

singing in the shower
doing housework
working at the gym
watching a movie
doing a homework
cooking dinner
arguing with your boyfriend

CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR

Complete the following sentences

Sofie and I _________________ the car the whole day. We only need to finish with
the tires.(wash)
They ________________ a game and it is only half of the match.(play)
I _______________ english for two years and I almost get my certificate.
We______________________________ our house and so far we have three offers.
Sorry I am late for the class.! How long have you _____________(wait)
 SECOND CONDITIONAL

We use conditional sentences to say one thing depends on another. They

can be used to talk about real or imaginary situations.

If+simple past then s+would+infinitive.

Sometimes you can use could instead of would

SPEAKING

IIf you had the money to buy a If yoy saw an employee stealing money from
car would you buy it the company what would you do?

If you won the lottery what would you do?

If your house was on fire what would you do?

CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR

If I _________ enough money I would buy a car

I would be really bored If I____________my phone
I ___________sleep better If I didn't share my room
If had enough money you know I_____ lend it to you
I________borrow my father`s car, If I had my driving license
 THIRD CONDITIONAL

Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause

tells you the condition (If I hadn't been ill) and the main clause tells
you the result (I would have gone to the party). The order of the
clauses does not change the meaning.
The structure is as follows
If +past perfect +Subject+would have+verb in past perfect

If I hadn't been ill, I would have gone to the party.

If I had understood the instructions properly, I would have passed the exam.
We wouldn't have got lost if my phone hadn't run out of battery

SPEAKING

Answer to the following questions in second

conditional

If you would have a chance to live out of the country.

Where would you live?

What would you do if you see a robery or an assault?

If you would have money to give away what would you do

with it?

What three things would you take if your house was on

fire?

If you could make a wish what would you do?

 THIRD CONDITIONAL

Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause

tells you the condition (If I hadn't been ill) and the main clause tells
you the result (I would have gone to the party). The order of the
clauses does not change the meaning.
The structure the is
(If +past participle) +Subject+would have+verb in past perfect

If I hadn't been ill, I would have gone to the party.

If I had understood the instructions properly, I would have passed the exam.
We wouldn't have got lost if my phone hadn't run out of battery

SPEAKING

Answer to the following questions

If you would have a chance to live out of the country.

Where would you live?

What would you do if you see a robery or an assault

If you would have money to give away what would you do

with it?

What three things would you take if your house wa on

fire?

If you could make a wish what would you do?

 REPORTED
REPORTEDSPEECH
SPEECH

When we want to report what people say, we don't usually try to

report their exact words. We usually give a summary,.
We would naturally use past tense forms to talk about things which
happened in the past

Mary complained (that) she was tired.(verb + that+ clause)

She asked if they could stop for a rest.(verb + if +clause)
Peter told her not to worry.(verb + to-infinitive)
He suggested stopping and having a picnic.(verb + -ing form)

SPEAKING
Change this dialog to reported speech

Mary: Let's go to the cinema. There is a movie

there today.
Gerardo: I haven't been to the movies in long
time

Mary:Have you ever been to Europe?

Gerardo:No, I haven't but I know that is very
clean and safe

Mary:Don't be late for luch, grandma is waiting

for us
Gerardo:Don't worry I'll buy a cake on my way
home

Mary:Can We play here mom?

Ana:No, please your dad is sleeping
 REPORTED SPEECH

GRAMMAR

Change this dialog to reported speech

Mary: "I feel ill

Mary said ________________________________________

Mark:I studied music for five years

Mark said ________________________________________

Sandra: I am going to the beach

Sandra said ______________________________________

Patrick: I am going to the movies

Patrick said ______________________________________

Ana: I've to U.S.A.

Ana said __________________________________________

'
 MODAL VERBS

VERB MUST, HAVE

Use must when you have a personal obligation. Must expresses a

strong obligation or necessity. It often shows us that the obligation
comes from the speaker (or the authority that wrote the sentence).
We use must not to talk about what is not permitted. It is common on
public signs and notices informing people of rules and laws.

I must call the electrician and get that light fixed.

You mustn't worry about me. I'll be fine.
You have to have Ua licence to drive a car.
You don't have to have a licence to cycle on the roads
SPEAKING

Must we help other people?

ANSWER TO THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS

Must we be late for school?
Must we help other people?
Must We help our parents?
Must We help other people '
GRAMMAR CHECK

Complete the following sentences using must mustn't or have to or don't have to.

You_____________be late for school.

A teacher__________be a patient person
You _________speak loudly in the library.
You ________ stop when you see the sign.
You ________sleep in class
You ___________forget about mother's day.
You __________ smoke in the hospital
If you have a sore throath you________________eat ice cream

WRITING PROJECT

Suppose that you are the manager of a hotel. Create the rules for a hotel using must and
mustn't. For example you mustn't smoke in the rooms. You must pay in cash only.

____________________________________________________________________________________