BURN

1. How long do partial thickness burns typically take to heal?

A 2 days

B 5 days

C 10 days

D 1 month

E 2 months

2. How long do full thickness burns typically take to heal by formation of scar?

A 4 weeks

B 6 weeks

C 8 weeks

D 10 weeks

E 12 weeks

3. Which of the following statements are correct regarding plasma loss with burns?

A The plasma loss is most extensive 24 hours after a burn

B Plasma loss ceases approximately 72 hours after a burn

C The amount of plasma loss is proportional to the surface area of a burn

D The amount of plasma loss is proportional to the depth of a burn

E Plasma loss results from exudation of plasma through damaged capillaries

Weeks
 4. As a rule of thumb, what percentage of the body surface area in an adult needs to be
burnt before administering intravenous fluid replacement?

A 5%

B 10%

C 15%

D 20%

E 30%

5. How much fluid would you give to a 70 kg patient with a 40% burn in the first 24 hours?

A 2800 mL

B 5600 mL

C 5800 mL

D 11 200 mL

E 1400 mL

A 70 kg patient with a 40% burn, (using the Parkland formula) would require a figure of 4 × 70 × 40 =
11200 mL. Half of this (5600 mL) is given in the first 8 hours and the other half in the next 16 hours. This
does not include the daily maintenance fluid requirement (3 litres in an adult).

6. What type of fluid should be used to resuscitate a burns patient over the first 24 hours?

A 5% dextrose

B Normal saline

C Gelofusine

D Packed red cells

E Hartmann's solution

Hartmann's solution (Ringer's lactate) is the crystalloid of choice for the first 24 hours. This has been
shown to cause less pulmonary oedema than colloid in the first 24 hours. At the end of 24 hours, colloid
infusion such as albumen or fresh frozen plasma is begun, and free water in the form of 5% dextrose is
given. If the burns are full thickness, blood could be used as the colloid fluid replacement in order to
replace the extensive red cell destruction that occurs within the affected area.

7. Which local antibiotic is most commonly used to treat secondary infections on burns?

A Co-amoxiclav

B Ciprofloxacin

C Benzylpenicillin

D Silver sulfadiazine

E Flucloxacillin

Arterial disorders of the lower limb

1. What proportion of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm will have an associated
popliteal aneurysm?

A 1%

B 10%

C 20%

D 30%

E 40%

2. What is a small aneurysm?

A <2 cm

B <4 cm

C <4.5 cm

D <5 cm

E <5.5 cm

3. What is the annual percentage rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with an

anteroposterior diameter of 6 cm?
 A 1%

B 2%

C 5%

D 7%

E 10%

4. What is the operative mortality for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A 1%

B 2%

C 5%

D 7%

E 10%

5. In what proportion of patients who undergo surgical repair for an abdominal aortic
aneurysm will infection occur postoperatively?

A 1%

B 2%

C 5%

D 7%

E 10%

 6. What percentage of people with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm die before they
reach hospital?

A 10%

B 25%

C 50%

D 75%
 E 90%

7. Which ankle brachial pressure index reading indicates critical ischaemia?

A 0.5

B 0.6

C 0.7

D 0.8

E 0.9

 8. What would be considered as a significant stenosis in the case of intermittent

claudication?

A 20%

B 30%

C 50%

D 70%

E 90%
9. With what degree of carotid artery stenosis would you consider carotid
endarterectomy?

A 20%

B 30%

C 50%

D 70%

E 90%

10. What percentage of patients who have carotid endarterectomy will have a stroke?

A 1%

B 2%
 C 5%

D 7%

E 10%

Venous disorders of the lower limb

1. Where is the most proximal venous valve of the lower limb?

A Inferior vena cava

B Common iliac vein

C External iliac vein

D Femoral vein

E Popliteal vein

Well done, you have selected the right answer.

The first valve usually occurs in the external iliac vein. Congenital absence of this, or destruction
following disease, imposes increased pressure on the next in line, commonly the one guarding the
saphenofemoral junction. The pressure on this valve is then equivalent to a column of blood from
the saphenofemoral junction to the right atrium. This absence of valves and the tendency to develop
varicose veins is the unfortunate legacy from the days before humans adopted the upright posture.

2. What is the normal pressure in the veins at the ankle?

A 50 cmH2O

B 100 cmH2O

C 150 cmH2O

D 200 cmH2O

E 250 cmH2O

Well done, you have selected the right answer.

This is equivalent to the height of the column of blood from the right atrium to the ankle.

The brain and meninges

17. What percentage of cases of berry aneurysm are multiple?

A 20%

B 40%

C 60%

D 70%

E 90%

18. What percentage of angiograms following an intracranial aneurysm rupture are negative?

A 10%

B 15%

C 20%

D 25%

E 30%

Well done, you have selected the right answer.

About 15% of the angiograms are negative and probably indicate that thrombosis has taken place in
a microaneurysm. Such cases are treated conservatively and the prognosis is good.

Multiple Choice: Chapter 19 The salivary glands

1. How many salivary glands are there?

A 4

B 6

C 8