BEE-MATH-214

MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS

SCHOOL OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Assignment

Mr jawad
SUBMITTED TO:
M.Talha
SUBMITTED BY:
BEE-FA18-014
REG NO:

CLASS: BEE-Electronics

SEMESTER: 4th
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BEE-MATH-214
MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS

Applications of Double
Integrals
Mass and Static Moments of a Lamina:
Suppose we take a lamina which occupie region R in the xy-plane and its made non-
homogeneous material. Its density at point (x,y) in the region R is ρ(x,y). The
total mass of the lamina is expressed through double integral as
m= ∬ R ρ ( x , y ) dA .

The static moment of the lamina about the x-axis is

Mx = ∬Ryρ(x,y) dA

Similarly, the static moment of the lamina about the y-axis is

My = ∬Rxρ(x,y) dA.
The coordinates of the center of mass of a lamina occupying the region R in the xy-
plane with density function ρ(x,y) are described by the formulas
x=Mym=1m∬Rxρ(x,y)dA=∬Rxρ(x,y)dA∬Rρ(x,y)dA,
y=Mxm=1m∬Ryρ(x,y)dA=∬Ryρ(x,y)dA∬Rρ(x,y)dA.
When density mass of the lamina is ρ(x,y)=1 for all (x,y) in the region R, the center
of mass is defined by the shape of the region and is called  centroid of R.
Moments of Inertia of a Lamina:

The moment of inertia of a lamina across the x-axis is defined through formula

Ix = ∬Ry2ρ(x,y) dA.
As the moment of inertia of a lamina about the y-axis is given by
Iy = ∬Rx2ρ(x,y)dA.
The Polar moment of inertia is following
I0 = ∬R(x2+y2)ρ(x,y) dA.
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Charge of a Plate:
Let electrical charge is distributed over a region which has area R in xy-plane and its
charge density is defined by function σ(x,y). Then the total charge Q of the plate is
defined by this expression
Q = ∬Rσ(x,y) dA.
Average of Function:
We give the formula for calculation of average value of a distributed function.
Let f(x,y) is a continuous function over a closed region R in the xy-plane. The
average value μ of the function f(x,y) in the region R is given by the formula
μ = 1S∬Rf(x,y) dA,
where
 S = ∬R dA  :is the area of the region of R integration .

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MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS

Applications of Triple Integrals

Mass and Static Moments of Solid:

letwe have a solid occupy a region U. there volume density at a point M (x,y,z) is
define as function ρ(x,y,z). Then the solid  mass m is expressed through the
triple integral as given

m = ∭Uρ(x,y,z) dx dy dz.

The static solid moments about the coordinate planes Oxy , Oxz ,Oyz are given by
this formulas
Mxy = ∫Uzρ(x,y,z) dx dy dz, Myz=∫Uxρ(x,y,z)dx dy dz ,Mxz=∫Uyρ(x,y,z)dx dy dz.
The coordinates of the center of gravity of the solid are described by the expressions:
x=Myzm=∭ Uxρ(x,y,z)dxdydz∭Uρ(x,y,z)dxdydz,
y=Mxzm=∭ Uyρ(x,y,z)dxdydz ∭Uρ(x,y,z)dxdydz,
z=Mxym=∭ Uzρ(x,y,z)dxdydz ∭Uρ(x,y,z)dxdydz.
If solid is homogeneous through density ρ(x,y,z)=1 for all points M(x,y,z) in the
region U, then center of gravity solid is determined by the shape of solid and is
called  centroid.

Moments of Inertia of Solid:

The moments of solid inertia about the coordinate planes Oxy,Oxz,Oyz are shown by
Ixy=∭Uz2ρ(x,y,z)dxdydz,
Iyz=∭Ux2ρ(x,y,z)dxdydz,
Ixz=∭Uy2ρ(x,y,z)dxdydz,
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MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS
and the moments of solid inertia about the coordinate axes Ox,Oy,Oz are expressed
by these formulas
Ix = ∭ U(y2+z2)⋅ρ(x,y,z)dxdydz,
Iy =∭ U(x2+z2)⋅ρ(x,y,z)dxdydz,
Iz = ∭ U(x2+y2)⋅ρ(x,y,z)dxdydz.
As the following properties are valid:

Ix=Ixy+Ixz,Iy=Ixy+Iyz,Iz=Ixz+Iyz.
The moment of inertia about origin is called the integral
I0 = ∭U(x2+y2+z2)⋅ ρ(x,y,z)dx dy dz.
The moment of inertia about origin can expressed through the moments of inertia
about the coordinate planes as :

I0 = Ixy + Iyz + Ixz.

Tensor of Inertia:
The six numbers consider above: Ix,Iy,Iz,Ixy,Ixz,Iyz, we can construct  matrix of
inertia or the tensor of inertia of the solid:
I=⎛⎜⎝Ix−Ixy−Ixz−IxyIy−Iyz−Ixz−IyzIz⎞⎟⎠.
This tensor is symmetric and, so it can transformed to a diagonal view by choosing
the appropriate coordinate axes Ox′,Oy′,Oz′. The values of the diagonal elements are
called the main moments of inertia, and the indicated directions of the axes are called
the eigenvalues or the principal axes of inertia of body.
If a body rotates across an axis which does not coincide with a principal axis of
inertia, it will experience vibrations at high rotation speeds. Therefore, when
designing devices it is necessary the axis of rotation to be coinciding with principal
axes of inertia.

Example, when replacing the tires of car, it is necessary to balance the wheels weights
to ensure the coincidence of the rotation axis with eliminate vibration the principal
axis of inertia
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Attraction Force and Gravitational Potential:

The Newton potential of body at the point P(x,y,z) is known as integral

U (x,y,z) = ∭ Uρ(ξ,η,ζ) dξ dηd ζr,

where
  ρ(ξ,η,ζ) is the density of the body and
r = √(ξ−x)2+(η−y)2+(ζ−z)2
The integration is performed above the whole volume of body. Knowing to the
potential, one can calculate the force of attraction of the material point of mass  and
distributed body with the density ρ(ξ,η,ζ) by the formula

F=−Gmgradu,
Where
 G is the gravitational constant.

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