7

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 4
Plant and Animal Cells
Science– Grade 7
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Plant and Animal Cells

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Joseph Roland M. Nasol

Content Editors: Marissa O. Co, Carlo Magno P. Pamorada, Sarah Jane B. Mabini,
Marjorie R. Plazo, Kristel Gail L. Brillante, Aileen T. Obias,
Maricris D. Caigas and Cynthia P. Montero

Language Editors: Jhaebie N. Obleada and Mercy N.Biescas

Illustrator: Francis S. Durante

Layout Artist: Jose P. Gamas Jr.

Reviewers: Agnes B. Barsaga, Jose Roy Aguilar, Nerisa I. Baldo, Eva Joy A.
Molina, Jose A. Austero, Marisol U. Valeza, Mary May L. Arnesto,
Mark Miko S. Mendoza and John Sherwin V. Santelices

Evaluators: Helen Z. Cornelio, Jocelyn P. Navera, Jezrahel T. Omadto

and Ronaldo C. Reyes
 Self-Learning for Junior High School Learners
LESSON
PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL
Living things are made up of cells. From the invention of
magnifying instruments such as the microscope, we can see the
varieties of small living creatures and their components. We also
distinguished the organisms based on the structural differences and
the number of cells that they have.
In this module, you will learn the different parts and functions
of animal and plant cells and the similarities and differences of each
cell type.

Differentiate plant and animal cells according to presence

or absence of certain organelles
(S7LT-IId-4)

At the end of the module you should be able to:

• identify the parts of animal and plant cell;

• describe the parts and function of each cell part; and
• compare and contrast plant and animal cell.

Directions: You have to answer the pre-test for you to measure

how much you know about the topic. You can start now. GOOD
LUCK!

1. A cell with relatively few energy needs will probably have a relatively small number
of
a. ribosomes b. lysosomes c. mitochondria d. chromosomes

2. In which of the following items would you expect to find cells?

a. strawberry b. eyeglasses c. silver dollar d. plastic flower

3. Which of the following organelles transport materials inside the cell?

a. lysosome b. chloroplast c. mitochondria d. endoplasmic reticulum

4.Which of the following statements is always true?

a. All cells have a cell wall.
b. All cells contain a nucleus.
c. All cells contain a chloroplast.
d. All cells have a cell membrane.

5.Which of the following is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?
a. mitochondria. b. chloroplast c. nucleus d. cell membrane

1
 Which is the ODD ONE OUT (Different)?

Plant Cell Nucleus Red Blood Cells

Carnegie Institution for Science. Plant Cells. Pornratananont, Gunn. Cell Nucleus. 2011. Phonlamai, P. Red Blood Cells. https://www.news-
https://carnegiescience.edu/site http://www.thaigoodview.com/files/ medical.net/image.axd?picture=2020%2f
s/carnegiescience.edu/files/plan u30441/3333_0.jpg. 1%2fshutterstock_516541060-
t%20cells%20shutterstock.jpg 1.jpg&ts=20200130053515&ri=673

Figure 1. Comparison of Plant cell, nucleus and red blood cells

Look at each of the three pictures and decide which one is the odd one out and why?

_________________________________________________________________________

Good job in finishing the activity! Now, take time to process the information you
acquired by accomplishing the next task.

WHAT DOES A CELL LOOK LIKE?

Below is a picture of a typical macroscopic cell (chicken egg) and an

illustration of a microscopic cell as viewed in the microscope. How will you
relate the chicken’s egg to the illustration of a cell? Write the letter that
corresponds to labeled part being asked for.

Cracked egg. Photographed by the writer in 2020 Illustration of Human Cheek Cell. Drawn by the
writer in 2020

Figure 2. COMPARISON OF AN EGG AND A CELL

2
 A. In a CHICKEN EGG
1. Which part of the egg is the EGG SHELL? ______________________
2. Which part of the egg is the EGG YOLK? _______________________
3. Which part of the egg is the EGG WHITE? ______________________

B. In a CELL
1. Which part of the cell is the NUCLEUS? _____________________
2. Which part of the cell is the CELL MEMBRANE? ______________
3. Which part of the cell is the CYTOPLASM? ___________________

C. ANALOGY BETWEEN CHICKEN EGG AND A CELL

Write the best word that matches the example provided.

1. EGG SHELL : ____________________

2. ____________ : NUCLEUS

3. EGG WHITE : ____________________

The cells of animals, plants, and other organisms have three basic structures:

Cell membrane – the outer boundary of the cell.

Nucleus – It controls most of the activities of the cell.
Cytoplasm – The gelatinous liquid between cell boundary and nucleus.

Figure 3. Animal and Plant Cell

Source: Armstrong, W. Comparison Of Plant & Animal Cells. 2012.

https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/lmexer1a.htm#p

3
 The cell membrane or plasma membrane surrounds the cell's contents and
separates it from other cells and the environment. It also controls the entry of materials
in and out of the cell. Next to the cell membrane is the cytoplasm or plasma
membrane, a jelly-like structure where the cell's contents, such as organelles, are
embedded. Organelles are the specialized structure that performs specific functions
inside the cell. Mostly found at the center is a large, round, membrane-bound organelle
called the nucleus. As the "control center" of the cell, the nucleus contains instructions
for all of the cell's activities. These instructions are stored inside the
chromosomes. Chromosomes are molecules in the nucleus made up of DNA and
protein. Near the nucleus, we can also find a cylindrically shaped organelle
called centrioles and play a vital role in cell division. A nuclear membrane covers
the nucleus, regulating the passage of materials in and out of it.

Organelles

As you enter the cytoplasm, you might bump into sausage-shaped bodies
called mitochondria. Commonly called the "powerhouses" of the cell, they turn the
chemicals from food into energy that the cells can use.

Within the cytoplasm, we can find a network of canals called the endoplasmic
reticulum. It extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane, takes up quite a lot of
space in some cells, and produces essential lipids and proteins.

Ribosomes are tiny particles that serve as protein factories found in the
cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum.

In a manufacturing business, products are packaged and moved to a loading

center to be carried away. Structures called Golgi bodies are the packaging and
releasing centers of the cell.

A structure called lysosome contains chemicals that digest wastes and worn-
out/damaged cell parts. When a cell dies, chemicals in the lysosomes act to quickly
break down the cell, but in a healthy cell, the membrane around the lysosome keeps
it from breaking down the cell itself. Cells of a plant do not have lysosomes.

Vacuoles are storage areas in cells, and they may store water, food, or waste
products. It also helps maintain water balance in plant cells. In animal cells, vacuoles
are small.

4
 I. Cell and Your House

If you think about it, your house has many parts that allow it to
function properly, just like a cell. Relate the functions of an animal cell’s organelles to parts
of your house that have a similar function.

Cell parts Function Name a part of your house

that has a similar function
Cell membrane Regulates materials Door/gate
entering and leaving cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Lysosome
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Cell wall

II. JUMBLED WORDS

Direction: Write your answer in the space provided below the jumbled words.

SECNLUU 1.The spherical shape found within the cell that is mostly at the center.
________________
MYCPALSTO 2. The gelatinous liquid between cell boundary and nucleus .
________________
ORCMISOCEP 3. It is the instrument used in studying cell.
________________
LECL ENBREMMA. 4. A membrane that controls the entrance and exit of the
materials in a cell.
________________
OLUEVCA 5. It serves as a storage of fluids inside the cell.
________________

Congratulations, you have finished the

first part of this module!
Please check your answers by referring to
the answer key. If you scored lower than 15,
please go over the earlier parts of this module
and take on the activities once again. If you
scored 15 or above, please proceed with the
succeeding activity.

5
 Direction: Compare the two sets of images and answer the
following questions.

A B

Onion cells
Winetrob, M. Purple Onion Peel
under the Microscope.
https://www.shutterstock
.com/video/clip-
16060684-purple-onion-
peel-under-microscope
Root hair cell Cheek cells Red blood cells
The Ohio State University. Drbaumbach. Cheek Cells. Phonlamai, P. Red Blood Cells.
Mays RootHair. 2010, October 14. https://www.news-
https://lima.osu.e https://www.flickr. medical.net/image.a
du/assets/lima/upl com/photos/drbau xd?picture=2020%2f
oads/Department mbach/50832800 1%2fshutterstock_5
s/Biology/unsorte 94 16541060-
d/zeahair.jpg 1.jpg&ts=202001300
53515&ri=673

Figure 4. Cells from different organism.

Answer the following questions:

1. From what organism does group A belong?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. How about in group B?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. What can you say about the cells in group A compared to group B?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

6
 COLOR PARTY!
I. Color and label the parts of a Plant cell. Write your answers
on the table provided.

Parts of a Plant Designated

Cell Color
1. Light blue
2. white
3. orange
4. green
5. pink
6. purple
7. brown
8. red
9. brown
10. green
11. Dark blue

II. Color and label the parts

of an Animal Cell. Write
your answers on the table
provided.

Parts of an Designated
Animal Cell Color
1. purple
2. black
3. brown
4. pink
5. Light blue
6. Light brown
7. yellow
8. red
9. orange
10. yellow

7
Guide Questions:

Q1. Which cell parts are found in both cells?

___________________________________________________________________

Q2. Which are present only in animal cells?

___________________________________________________________________

Q3. Which are present only in plant cells?

Plants and animal cells share common similarities and differences. Plant cells
have cell walls and chloroplasts that are not found in the cells of an animal. The cell
wall is made of stiff material that forms the outermost part of the plant cell, and it gives
shape and protection to them.

As you recall, plants make their own food. Chloroplasts are important structure
in plant cells because it is where food is made. It contains the green pigment called
chlorophyll, which absorbs energy from the sun to make plants' food.

Vacuoles are both present in plant and animal cells. In plant cells, they occupy
more than half of the cell space, and it plays a role in storing nutrients and increasing
cell size. Some plant vacuoles contain toxic substances. Vacuoles also store water to
provide support for plants to stand upright and to maintain its rigidity.

Animal cells have smaller vacuoles called vesicles. They serve as storage of
food and water and also function in the excretion of waste materials.

Centrioles are only found in animal cells. They have a role in cell reproduction,
which you will take up in the higher grade levels. For detailed functions of the
mitochondrion, Golgi body, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth),
and ribosomes that are not discussed here, you will know more about them in the other
grade level modules.

8
 Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

Cell membrane Golgi bodies Ribosome

Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum Large vacuole
Cell wall Centriole Small vacuole
Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria

Using the different cell parts inside the box, construct a Venn diagram to show
the similarities and differences of plant and animal cell.

Only in Plant Only in Animal

cell Both in Plant cell
and Animal
cell

Congratulations on finishing the Self-Learning

Module! You have just had an amazing learning journey
and for sure, you will have the same in the succeeding
modules.
This time share to the class your final insights by
completing the following sentence prompts.

9
 To strengthen what you have learned in this module, perform the
following additional tasks.

Express your ideas by answering briefly the following questions:

a. What do you think will happen to the cell if the mitochondrion is removed from it?
Answer:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

b. If ever the cell membrane of the cell will function abnormally, what do you think will
happen to the cell and how will it affect the entire organism?
Answer:_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Cell Membrane – a protective layer surrounding the cell that controls what enters
and leaves the cell. (both plant and animal cell have this)
Cell wall – a stiff outer layer that surrounds a plant cell, protects it, and gives it its
shape
Chloroplasts – organelles, found only in plant cells, in which sugar is made during
photosynthesis
Chromosomes – structures in the nucleus that contain an organism’s genetic
information and regulate the cell’s activities

10
Cytoplasm – a clear, jellylike substance that holds the organelles in place
DNA – the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, the chemical that provides
detailed instructions for cells
Mitochondrion – a bean shaped organelle that goes through a process which
releases energy in order for the cell to complete all its activities
Nucleus – the control center of a cell that directs the cell’s activities
Organelle – the structure in plant and animal cells that perform specific functions
Photosynthesis – is the process in which plant cells convert water and carbon
dioxide in the presence of sunlight to sugar and water, releasing oxygen.

Direction: Identify what is asked or described in each item then write the letter of the
correct answer.

1. Which of the following is not found inside the cell?

a. endoplasmic reticulum b. cilia c. golgi apparatus d. nucleus

2. What part of the cell refers to a membrane-bound compartment containing fluid

and is found in the cytoplasm?

a. lysosomes b. ribosomes c. mitochondrion d. vacuole

3. If the chloroplasts of a plant cell are damaged, which will it be unable to do?

a. Protect the cell c. Excrete waste materials

b. Make food for the cell d. Give instruction for the cell to reproduce

4. The main function of the cell wall is to:

a. Support and protect the cell c. Help the cell move

b. Store DNA d. Direct the activities

5. Which of the following lists of structures can be found in both plant and animal cell?

a. mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole, cell membrane

b. cell membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, golgi bodies, cytoplasm
c. cell wall, mitochondria, cytoplasm, chloroplast, cell membrane
d. vacuole, lysosome, centriole, cell wall, cell membrane

11
TRY THIS
1. c 4. d
2. a 5. b
3. d

DO THIS
Cell’s nucleus is the ODD ONE OUT because it is only a part of the cell, while the two
figures are cells.

EXPLORE
A. B. C.
1. A 1. C 1. CELL MEMBRANE
2. C 2. A 2. EGG YOLK
3. B 3. B 3. CYTOPLASM

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

I.
Cell parts Function Name a part of your house
that has a similar function
Cell membrane Regulates materials Door / gate
entering and leaving cell
Cytoplasm Contains the organelles; Ground/soil of the house
site of most cell activity
Nucleus Control center of the cell Parents/guardians room
Mitochondria Converts chemical energy Kitchen/electrical
in food into useable appliances/Battery
compounds
Vacuole a storage of fluids inside the Water or food container
cell.
Lysosome Break down and recycle Garbage Bin
materials
Golgi bodies Sort and package proteins Storage room (for food and
and lipids for storage or other important materials)
transport
Endoplasmic reticulum plays a major role in the Hallway in the house
production, processing, and
transport of proteins
Ribosomes Build protein Kitchen
Cell wall Provide support and Cabinet/ organizer/wall
protection

II.
1. NUCLEUS 4. CELL MEMBRANE
2. CYTOPLASM 5. VACUOLE
3. MICROSCOPE

12
DO THIS
1. Group A – Plants
2. Group B – Animals
3. Cells that belong to animals have rounded shape while the cells of plants are
rectangular. (Answers may vary)

EXPLORE

I. Plant Cell II. Animal Cell

Parts of a Plant Designated Parts of an Designated
Cell Color Animal Cell Color
1. Vacuole Light blue 1. Lysosome purple
2. Cytoplasm white 2. Nucleolus black
3. Cell membrane orange 3. Nucleus brown
4. Cell wall green 4. Golgi apparatus pink
5. Rough ER pink 5. Smooth ER Light blue
6. Ribosomes purple 6. Cell membrane Light brown
7. Nucleus brown 7. Centriole yellow
8. Mitochondrion red 8. Ribosome red
9. Nucleolus brown 9. Cytoplasm orange
10. Chloroplast green 10. Mitochondria yellow
11. Golgi Dark blue
apparatus

Answers for Guide Questions:

1. Cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nucleus, golgi
bodies,ribosomes, cytoplasm
2. centrioles, lysosome
3. cell wall, chloroplast

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Plant cell Animal cell

Both Plant and Animal cell

• Cell wall • Centrioles

• Chloroplast • Cell membrane • Small
• Large • Endoplasmic vacuoles
vacuoles reticulum
• Mitochondria
• Nucleus
• Golgi bodies
• Ribosomes
• Cytoplasm

13
REINFORCEMENT
a. Without mitochondria which convert compounds to energy, higher forms of
organisms would likely not exist.
b. If the cell membrane is unable to do the task as a barrier between cell and its
environment, the entire cell will be exposed to different chemicals that could cause
the cell to stop working properly.

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. b
2. d
3. b
4. a
5. b

Armstrong, W. Comparison Of Plant & Animal Cells. 2012. Accessed from

https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/lmexer1a.htm#p

Bernadez, C. LR Portal, 2014. from https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/6113

Carnegie Institution for Science. Plant Cells. Accessed July 31, 2020, from
https://carnegiescience.edu/sites/carnegiescience.edu/files/plant%20cells%20shutterstock.
jpg

CK-12 Foundation. Cell Parts and Their Functions. Accessed July 21, 2020, from
https://www.ck12.org/book/human-biology-lives-of-cells/section/3.1/

The Crafty Classroom. Animal Cell Worksheet. Accessed July 21, 2020.
https://superstarworksheets.com/science-worksheets/animal-cell-worksheet/

The Crafty Classroom. Plant Cell Worksheet. Accessed July 21, 2020.
https://superstarworksheets.com/science-worksheets/plant-cell-worksheets/

DepEd. LR Portal. 2010, October 12. Accessed July 21, 2020 from
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/940

Drbaumbach. Cheek Cells. 2010, October 14. Accessed July 21, 2020 from
https://www.flickr.com/photos/drbaumbach/5083280094

Phonlamai, P. Red Blood Cells. Accessed July 21, 2020. https://www.news-

medical.net/image.axd?picture=2020%2f1%2fshutterstock_516541060-
1.jpg&ts=20200130053515&ri=673

Pornratananont, Gunn. Cell Nucleus. 2011.

http://www.thaigoodview.com/files/u30441/3333_0.jpg.

Science Learner’s Module Grade 7 Quarter 2 Module 2 page 87 - 94

The Ohio State University. Mays RootHair. Accessed July 21, 2020 from
https://lima.osu.edu/assets/lima/uploads/Departments/Biology/unsorted/zeahair.jpg

Winetrob, M. Purple Onion Peel under the Microscope. Accessed July 21, 2020 from
https://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-16060684-purple-onion-peel-under-microscope

14