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Automatic Lamp Using Transistor & LDR - Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Free PDF Downl..
Automatic Lamp Using Transistor & LDR - Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Free PDF Downl..
PHYSICS
INVESTIGAT
ORY
PROJECT
TOPIC: TO CONSTRUCT AN
AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP USING A
TRANSISTOR AND LDR
MADE BY:
CLASS -
GUIDED BY—
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ______________,
student of class XII-___ has successfully
completed the Physics Project under the
guidance of — Ms. __________. This
project is genuine and is not plagiarism of
any kind. The references used in making
this project file are declared at the end of
the file.
______________
_____________
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ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
I wish to express my deep gratitude and
sincere thanks to the Principal,
__________________ for his encouragement
and for all the facilities he has provided for
this project work.
INDEX
Sr.N Contents Page
o. No.
1 Aim of the Experiment 5
2 Introduction 6
3 Apparatus Required 7
4 Principle 8
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5 Circuit Diagram 9
6 Theory 10
7 Procedure 14
9 Observation 16
10 Precautions 17
11 Bibliography 18
AIM
TO CONSTRUCT AN
AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP
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INTRODUCTI
ON
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. A n-p-n transistor;
2. Breadboard;
3. Resistors:330Ω, 1MΩ
4. Connecting Wires;
5. LED;
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6. LDR;
7. 9V Battery;
PRINCIPLE
This project is based on Light Dependent
Resistance (L.D.R.). LDR is a resistance, in
which opposing power of current depends on the
presence of quantity of light present, i.e. the
resistance of LDR increases or decreases,
according to quantity of light which falls on it. If
LDR places in darkness, the resistance of LDR
increases and when light falls on it, the resistance
of LDR decreases and act as a conductor. Any
LDR in the presence of light and darkness
changes its resistance is depending on the
different types of LDR.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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THEORY
1. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify
or switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of
semiconductor material with three
terminals for connection to an
external circuit.
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A p-n-p junction
transistor is obtained by
growing a thin layer of thin
layer of n-type semi-
conductor in
between two relatively
thick layers of p-type semi-
conductor.
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PROCEDURE
Take a breadboard and connect its two halves
Connect a 9V battery on the breadboard.
Connect an NPN transistor on the breadboard with its
three legs (Emitter, Base, Collector) inserted in three
different columns of the breadboard.
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OBSERVATION
When the circuit is exposed to light, the led
remains off. When the circuit is taken into dark,
the led glows.
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PRECAUTIONS
• Excess current should not be passed through
LED.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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• colorado.edu/physics/phys3330/PDF/Experiment7.p
df
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_emitter
• 230nsc1.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/npnce.html
• tedpavlic.com/teaching/osu/ece327/lab1_bjt/lab1_bjt
_transistor_basics.pdf
• hyperphysics.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/trans.html
BOOKS-
• Comprehensive Lab manual PHYSICS Class
12;
• Pradeep Reference Guide for Physics-Class 12;
• NCERT Physics Class 12;
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