12

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS
AND IMMERSION
Quarter 1
Module 2: Identifying the Problem and
Asking the Question

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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion – 12
Quarter – 1 Module – 1- Brainstorming for Research Agenda

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Floricel M. Balderama

Editor: Loviemay Lorilla

Reviewer: Emma V. Dasco, EPS / Darcy Guy Y. Mañebo, EPS

Illustrator: Tristan Roy M. Belen

Layout Artist: Dan Michael M. Abarca

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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion - Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 2: I. Identifying the Problem and Asking the
Question

I. Introduction:

Research writing requires much preparation particularly in creating an

efficient planning matrix that covers from the conceptualization of your research
topic to the presentation of your output to the board of panelists. For this reason,
you, as a researcher, really need to be extra careful in making preparations for your
research work. You need to understand every part of worksheets and data needed
for a plan. This lesson will surely be of great help to you especially in making a
good research plan.

II. Objectives:

At the end of the lesson you are expected to formulate clearly the statement
of research problem with the following parts: (week 2)
1. Background of the problem
2. Conceptual Framework
3. Research Hypothesis (for quantitative research)
4. Statement of the problem
5. Definition of terms
6. Importance of the study
7. Scope and limitations of the study

III. Vocabulary List

The following vocabulary list will be useful as you study the learning activities of
this module

 Analysis
The process of breaking up a concept, proposition, linguistic complex, or fact
into its simple or ultimate constituents.

 Anticipated relationship

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 Male subjects were told that they would be either cooperating or competing
with either a likeable or dislikeable partner.

 Copyright ownership
Owners hold specific rights but not all rights.

 Closed-ended question
Closed ended questions are the foundation of all statistical analysis
techniques applied on questionnaires and surveys.

 Cross-checking
To make certain that information, a calculation, etc. is correct, by asking a
different person or using a different method of calculation.

 Ethics in research
Ethics should be applied on all stages of research, such as planning,
conducting and evaluating a research project.

 General problem solver

Characterizes the steps that can be followed by any discipline when
approaching and rationally solving a problem.

 Hypothesis
Hypothesis is a suggested answer to the problem.

 Quantifiable data
The value of data in the form of counts or numbers where each data-set has
a unique numerical value associated with it.

 Replication
Is repeating a study’s procedure and observing whether the prior finding
recurs.

 Rights to privacy
An individual's legal right, not explicitly provided in the United States
Constitution, to be left alone and live life free from unwarranted publicity.

 Scholarly context

Prior to writing an academic paper, the writer must investigate and study
scholars’ arguments thoroughly and critically.

SOURCE: Collins, Harper, English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers 2020,

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/submission/5703/Collins+English+

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 IV. Pre-test

Directions: To acquire substantial knowledge on some topics in this lesson,

activate your schemata about the underlined word in each sentence. Get clues from
its use in the sentence. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Demonstrate through a hand gesture the magnitude of the screen that you
think is enough to block the window.
Meaning: _____________________________________________________
2. In looks, Malaysians are analogous to Filipinos, but in language, they are
not.
Meaning: _____________________________________________________
3. Please use precise words to explain your point for the listeners’ quick
understanding of your ideas.
Meaning: _____________________________________________________
4. The plastic bag becomes inflated with much air blown into it; deflated,
with
air released from such container.
Meaning: _____________________________________________________
5. A person experiences moral instability if he does not pattern his life after
Jesus Christ, the way, the truth, and the life.
Meaning: _____________________________________________________

SOURCE: Esther Baraceros, Practical Research 2, Rex Bookstore, Philippines,

2016

V. Learning Activities

A good research paper shows

strong points not only in its content and
information but also in its presentation and
technicalities. Bear in mind that research
writing is a bit different from other writing
activities since it requires accuracy and
authenticity. It is an academic writing that
prepares you to become an academic writer
and a good researcher.

SOURCE: All images, Eric, J .Brainstorming, https://www.cleanpng.com/free/brainstorming.html

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Instructions: Read and analyze each element of research agenda below:

Elements of Research Agenda

 Purpose of this Paper

The purpose of this paper is to provide a background information
specifically to Senior High School (SHS) Research Project. It also gives
the post-employment benefits and the staff’s suggestions for a
preliminary scope and approach.

 Structure of the Research Agenda

A. Background of the study.

B. Consideration of the issues that may arise.
C. Expected difficulties relating to this research paper
D. Preliminary Scope
E. Methodology/Approach
F. Interaction with other research project.

Writing a Background of the Study

A well-written background will provide your study with a context and prompt
the readers to read the rest of your paper. Make your own background of the
study by adopting the templates. Write in a sheet of paper or send a soft copy to
your group mates for additional information and revision then send to your
teacher.

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SOURCE: image, Aquino, Gaudencio. (1974). Essentials of Research and Thesis
Writing. Quezon City:

Writing a Conceptual Framework

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 A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and
contexts. It can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is
needed. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas.

Present an Example of a theoretical framework and a conceptual framework

of your study. Write in a sheet of paper or send a soft copy to your teacher. Follow
the format below.

Example of Theoretical Framework

SOURCE: Diagram, Jessie S. Barrot, Ph.D. Practical Research 2 for Senior High School

Research Hypothesis

Hypothesis is a suggested answer to the problem. It may be defined as an

expectation about events based on generalizations of the assumed relationship
between variables (Aquino, 1992) or difference between groups. Other authors
defined it as an educated or intelligent guess or prediction about the existence,
attribute or relationship between variables (characteristics or phenomena) or
difference between groups covered by a study. It is described as educated or
intelligent guess since it has been formulated on the basis of well thought
objectives, which require critical reviews of literature and studies about the subject
matter.

Statement of the Problem

The problem studied must be shown as one, which arose from a situation of
need or of unresolved difficulties. The reader must be made to recognize this need.
The statement of the problem has the following characteristics:

1. The problem should be stated precisely, accurately, and clearly.

2. It can be stated either in the declaration or interrogation form.

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 3. It can be either one main statement/question, or a series of
statements/questions, or a combination of these forms.

4. The problem should be defined in terms of the data that can be obtained

SOURCE: Aquino, Gaudencio. (1974). Essentials of Research and Thesis Writing.

Alemars Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City

Instruction: Make your own Statement of the Problem, write in a separate sheet of
paper or softcopy after finalization with your groupmates send the soft copy to your
teacher. Please observe the proper formulation of statement of the problem as
illustrated below.

Example of Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the cultural dynamism of Manide Indigenous
People in Osmeña, Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte.
Specifically, this seeks answers to the following questions:
1. What is the historical development of the Manide tribe in terms of:
1.1 Socio-economic status
1.2 Education
1.3 Government Programs and Activities
1.4 Traditions, Beliefs and Practices
2. What are the factors affecting cultural dynamism of the Manide tribe along:
2.1 Technological
2.2 Environmental Factor
2.3 Resistance Factor
2.4 Values Conversion
3. What are the implications of this study to the cultural preservation of the
Manides tribe?
4. What supplementary teaching and learning guide can be prepared based
from the findings of the study?

SOURCE: Balderama, Floricel M., Cultural Dynamism of Manide Indigenous People

of Jose Panganiban, Published Masters Thesis, RACE International Publishing, 2018

Importance of the Study

The importance of the study as the part of the research which justifies the
launching of the research project. It is in this section where the researcher
expresses his persuasion about the value of the study so as to get the approval of
the screening and approving committee. The importance of the study should
contain the following:

1. Contribution to the accumulation of knowledge or to filling up a knowledge gap;

2. Contribution to building, validating or refining theories;

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3. Finding a solution to a problem of a specific group or improving certain
conditions;
4. Contribution to improve education, income, health, inter-relations, and the like.

SOURCE: Estolas, J & Daisy Boquiren (1995). Fundamentals of Research. Manila:

Miranda & Sons, Inc.

Instruction: Make your own Importance of the Study, write in a separate sheet of
paper or softcopy after finalization with your groupmates send the soft copy to your
teacher.

Scope and Delimitation

Scope and delimitations comprise one important section of a research paper.

Scope.

The scope defines the coverage or boundaries of the study in terms of the
area or locality and subjects, population covered the duration or period of the
study. The nature of variables treated, their number, and treatments they received,
and instruments or research design should be so stated.

Delimitation. Delimitations are those conditions beyond the control of the

researcher that may place restriction on the conclusions of the study and their
application to other situations. Administrative policies that preclude using more
than one class in an experiment, a data-gathering instrument that has not been
validated, or the inability to randomly select and assign subjects to experimental
and control groups are examples of limitations. Stating the study limitations not
only provides extra credence to the study but also provides the reader caution not
to expect beyond what the study can and promises to deliver.

Instruction: Make your own Scope and Delimitation, write in a separate sheet of
paper or softcopy after finalization with your groupmates send the soft copy to your
teacher. Follow the format as illustrated below:

Scope and Delimitation

This study encompasses the cultural dynamism of the Manide tribe in

Osmeña, Jose Panganiban in terms of their history, economy, education and socio-
cultural change. The study was conducted among 25 households of Manides in
their ancestral domain, located at Calibigaho, Osmeña, Jose Panganiban,
Camarines Norte.

SOURCE: Balderama, Floricel M., Cultural Dynamism of Manide Indigenous People of Jose
Panganiban, Published Masters Thesis, RACE International Publishing, 2018

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 Definition of Terms
Many terms are subject to a variety of interpretations. The definition of
terms serves two essential functions. First, it establishes the rules and procedures
the investigator will use to measure variables. Second, it provides unambiguous
meaning to terms that otherwise can be interpreted in different ways.

There are two major types of definition of terms used in the study- the
conceptual and the operational. The conceptual definition is the dictionary, which
is the reference book of everyday language. The operational definition is the
meaning of the concept or term as used in a particular study.

Instruction: Make your own Definition of Terms, write in a separate sheet of paper
or softcopy after finalization with your groupmates send the soft copy to your
teacher.

SOURCE: Newman, W.L. (1997). Social Research Methods – Qualitative and

Quantitative
Conducting a research study is an enormous task. It requires a lot of pre-
planning and considerations. A thorough literature review needs to be carried out
and a detailed plan of work needs to be made to ensure everything runs smoothly.
Overlooking of small details can have an impactful outcome and result in wastage
of time, money and effort. This checklist covers three significant aspects:
Awareness, Planning, and Preparation that are essential to you before starting a
new project.

Necessary Preparation before Conducting Research

You are done with the preparation for

research agenda. Now you are going to
prepare yourself as a good researcher and be
immersed with the importance of research in
our present era. The following are the
qualities that you should possess as a
beginner in conducting research.

The following steps outline a simple and effective strategy for writing a
research paper. Depending on your familiarity with the topic and the challenges
you encounter along the way, you may need to rearrange these steps.
Step 1. Identify and develop your topic
Step 2. Do a preliminary search for topic
Step 3. Locate materials
Step 4. Evaluate your sources

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 Step 5. Make notes
Step 6. Write your paper
Step 7. Cite sources
Step 8. Proofread

Learning process can be effective and measured your knowledge acquired by an

assessment. You can use the data in this assessment to your research agenda.
Answer the practice tasks carefully.

PRACTICE TASK

PRACTICE TASK 1. Practice Makes Perfect!

This task, you will learn the

application of those theories and steps you
had learned on the Learning Activity part of
this module. More matrix and worksheet to
be prepared in this part of your module.

Instructions: Fill in the necessary information of your research agenda:

A. Proposed Titles (3 options)

1.___________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________

B. Purpose of this Paper

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Structure of Research Agenda

A. Background of the study.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

B. Consideration of the issues that may arise.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

C. Expected difficulties relating to this research paper

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

D. Preliminary Scope
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

E. Methodology/Approach
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

F. Interaction with other research project.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Name of Researcher/s

_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

PRACTICE TASK 2. My Research Readiness Checklist!

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 Now that you’re done with the first activity, your next task is to identify the
role of each person whom you can find in the given list below. This will also help
you to be adequately prepared with your next challenging project. After you fill in
the first part, proceed to the checklist then put a check (⁄) or cross (X) depending on
your preparedness in making a good research project. Write in another sheet of
paper.

Name: _______________________________________________
Track/Strand: _______________________________________________
Name of Adviser: _______________________________________________
Name of Member 1: _______________________________________________
Name of Member 2: _______________________________________________
Title of the Research: _______________________________________________

CHECKLIST:

Awareness

I am aware of the aims and objectives of this study.

I am aware of all the ethical guidelines associated with my work (e.g.,

guidelines for use of animals or humans in your work).

I am aware that I need to have an open mind in order to avoid experimental

bias.

I am aware of the role distribution among all co-authors and the authorship
criteria.

I have a research note book to record my readings.

I have done a thorough literature review of existing knowledge (reading

papers published by other researchers on my topic of research)

I am aware of all the ethical guidelines associated with my work (e.g.,

guidelines for use of animals or humans in your work).

I have identified the research gaps (shortcomings in existing studies).

I have organized the evidence and facts that support my ideas.

I am aware of the role distribution among all co-authors and the authorship
criteria.

Planning

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 I have discussed my research topic with my advisor.

I have communicated to my groupmates wherever applicable.

I have my detailed plan of work ready (day-to-day planning of

experiments/analyses).

I have prepared/reviewed the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for all

experiments.

I have communicated my plan of action.

Preparation

I have contacted the labs that I need to outsource any analysis to

I am aware of the aims and objectives of this study.

I have procured/plan to procure all the materials required for this study.

I have taken permissions and clearances wherever required in writing (e.g.,

clearance from the biosafety committee of the institute).

I have made provisions to adhere to the ethical guidelines (e.g., preparation of

documents/presentations for informed consent, patient privacy, etc.).

PRACTICE TASK 3. How Far Have You Gone as a Researcher?

You’re doing great! You are now on the last part of assessing your learnings
and preparation to the more tedious task in research. Now you can make a
template or format of your research agenda. Answer the guide questions below.

Guide Questions:
1. What's the purpose of a research plan?
2. How do I make my research plan seem real?
3. How do I demonstrate my independence?
4. How do you demonstrate your independence when you have never been given
the chance to work independently?
5. Is the research plan more important in the screening phase or late in the game?

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 VII. Post Test

Direction: Compose an essay regarding the use of research in their daily life as a
student. Express your ideas in 10 sentences. Write legibly and avoid erasures. Be
guided by the Rubrics below.

3 2 1 0

Well-developed Introduction Introduction Background

introduction creates interest. adequately details are a
Introduction
engages the Sufficient explains the random
and
reader and background background, collection of
Conclusion
creates information is but may lack information,
interest. provided. detail.  Thesis unclear, or not
Contains Thesis clearly states the related to the
detailed states the position or topic. Thesis is
background position or belief. vague or unclear.
information. belief. Conclusion is Conclusion does
Conclusion Conclusion recognizable not summarize
effectively effectively and ties up main points.
wraps up and summarizes almost all
goes beyond topics.   loose ends.
restating the
thesis. 

Main points The main idea The main idea More than one of
body can be can be the following
The main idea
Paragraphs identified.  identified. problems may be
or a thesis
evident:
statement is   Supporting Stronger
clearly defined. details are support and Details are
relevant and greater missing or
Supporting
explain the attention to repetitious.
details are
main idea. details would
accurate,
strengthen
relevant, and
this essay.
helpful in
clarifying the
main idea(s).

Logical Logical Organization No discernable

progression of progression of is clear. organization. 
Organization
ideas with a ideas. 
clear structure

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 that enhances
the thesis. 

Style  The paper is Writer's ideas Writer's ideas Writing is

Writer’s Voice, honest and is consistent may emerge confusing, hard
Audience enthusiastic. and strong.   strongly on to follow. 
Awareness, The language occasion,
The writer is Language is
is natural yet then retreat
aware of a vague. 
thought- behind
reader.
provoking. It general, No reader
brings the The reader is vague, awareness. 
topic to life. informed and tentative, or
No variety in
remains abstract
The reader sentence
engaged. language.
feels a strong structure.
sense of Sentences have The writer is
interaction varied aware of an
with the writer structure. audience.
and senses the The reader is
 
person behind informed, but
the words. must work at
remaining
Writing is
engaged.
smooth,
skillful, and Sentence
coherent.  structure
shows some
Sentences are
variety.
strong and
expressive with
varied
structure

Mechanics Punctuation, Punctuation, A few errors Distracting errors

Spelling, spelling, spelling, in in punctuation,
punctuation, capitalization capitalization punctuation, spelling,
capitalization are correct.  are generally spelling, capitalization.
correct, with capitalization.
No errors.
few errors. (1-2) (3-4)

Introduction/Conclusion _______ Grade Equivalent (15 points maximum):

                   Main Points _______ A =  13 - 15 points
                Organization  _______ B =  10 - 12 points
                             Style _______ C =  7 - 9 points
                    Mechanics _______ D =  4 - 6 points
F =  0 - 3
Total Points ______

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 VIII. Assignment/Additional Activities

Activity: Write your Research Agenda on the Topic of “Assessment of Health

Awareness of Senior High Students in Alawihao National High School”.

Observe the format below, Write in a separate sheet of paper.

A. Background of the study.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

B. Consideration of the issues that may arise.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

C. Expected difficulties relating to this research paper

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

D. Preliminary Scope
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

E. Methodology/Approach
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

F. Interaction with other research project.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

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 IX. Answer Key

Pre-Test

1. Gesture-motion

2. Analogous- corresponding

3. Precise- exact

4. Inflated- over estimated

5. Instability- insecurity

Guide Questions:

1. The purpose of reseach plan is to prepare the systematic way of conducting

research.

2. My research plan should be realistic.

3. I will demonstrate independency by making a research plan and applied which is

on the plan.

4. Research plan is importance in the beginning of the phase of research.

Note:

Practice Tasks are Performance Assessment, see rubrics for the Evaluation.

Bibliography

Abraham Tesser, Änticipated Relationship, Salience of Partner and Attitude

Change”, Sage Journals

Aquino, Gaudencio. (1974). Essentials of Research and Thesis Writing.

Balderama, Floricel M., Cultural Dynamism of Manide Indigenous People of Jose

Panganiban, Published Masters Thesis, RACE International Publishing,
2018

Collins, Harper, English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers 2020,

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/submission/5703/Collins+English+

Craig Larson, “Basic Steps in the Research Process”, North Hennepin, Community
College.

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Eric, J .Brainstorming, https://www.cleanpng.com/free/brainstorming.html

Esther Baraceros, Practical Research 2, Rex Bookstore, Philippines, 2016

Estolas, J & Daisy Boquiren (1995). Fundamentals of Research. Manila: Miranda &
Sons, Inc.

Jessie S. Barrot, Ph.D. Practical Research 2 for Senior High School

Kenneth Crews, Kent Library Research Guides, Columbia, 2020.

Michael Beaney, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, USA, 2016

Newman, W.L. (1997). Social Research Methods – Qualitative and Quantitative

Vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vectors-page

www.enago.com/academy, Ëssential Things to do Before Starting Your Research

Study

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