Summation Notation 6

The most common symbol or notation used in statistics is the summation notation or 2. ∑ (xi + 2yi 3)
i =3
simply summation ( ∑ ).
5

n
3. ∑ 3xi 2
i=2
∑ Xi = X1 + X2 + X3 + ... + Xn . 4
i=1 4. ∑ (3xi ) 2
Read: “ The summation of X sub i , from i  1 to i  n” i=1
i is called the index of summation, 4
1 the lower limit, and 5. ∑ (xi+2 3)
n the upper limit i=1
B. Write each of the following expressions in summation notation with appropriate
limits.
Theorems on Summation 1. 2x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 + 2x5 + 2x6 + 2x7 + 2x8
1. The summation of the sum of two or more variables is the sum of their
summations. Thus, 2. (x2 3y2 ) + (x3 3y3 ) + (x4 3y 4 ) + (x5 3y5 )
n n n n
2 2 2 2
∑ (xi + yi + zi ) = ∑ xi + ∑ yi + ∑ zi 3. ( a3 + 5) + ( a 4 + 5) + ( a5 + 5) + ( a6 + 5)
i=1 i =1 i =1 i=1
2. If c is a constant, then 4. (x1 2 + 1) + (x2 2 + 2) + (x32 + 3) + (x4 2 + 4) + (x5 2 + 5)
n n
∑ cxi = c∑ xi 5. 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + 25 + ... + n 2
i=1 i=1
3. If c is a constant, then
n
C. Given: x1 = 4 y1 = -2
∑ c = nc x2 = -3 y2 = 5
i=1
x3 = 6 y3 = -1
x4 = 2 y4 = 3
Exercise:
A. Write the following in full.
Evaluate the following.
5
4
1. ∑ 5xi
1. ∑ (2xi + 3yi 4)
i=1
i=1
 4
 xi yi
2 3
2.
i 1
4 4
3. (  xi2 )( yi 3 )
i1 i1
4 4
4. (  xi ) 2 (  y i ) 3
i 1 i 1