bo

2020
Boyle’s law experiment

Last date: 3rd dec 2020

Sir khurram abbas
Group 06
Experiment no: 06
 GROUP MEMBERS

SHAYAN ALI 200101001

TAIMOOR AHMED 200101029

JAVERIA NASEEM 200101045

M.FAIZAN SAJID 200101047

ANOOSHA NOOR 200101091

HUZAIFA BIN ZAHID 200101014

THEORY:
In 1662 Robert Boyles studied the relation between the volume and
pressure of gas at constant temperature. Boyle’s law states that “volume of
a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure provided the
temperature remains constant.”
According to this law the volume of a given mass of gas decreases with the
increase of pressure and vice versa. Mathematically it can be written as:
1 k
vα or v = or VP=k=constant
𝑃 P
where k is proportionality constant. The value of k is same for the same
amount of given gas.
********

Procedure:
1) Take the ideal gas law syringe.
2) Connect it to the absolute pressure sensor.
3) Connect the syringe to the Quad Temperature Sensor.
4) Connect to Universal Interface and then to laptop where you open
Capstone.
As shown in the above on first page
5) Data collection frequency is set to 20 Hz.
6) Pull the plunger so the volume of gas in the syringe is 25ml (read from
the calibrations on the syringe).
7) Define the set of values in Capstone. One is a variable named syringe
volume that is independent and the other is pressure which is dependent.
8) Change setting on Capstone from continuous mode to discrete mode.
9) Press record.
10) Press “keep” to keep the first set of values for pressure and volume.
11) Push down the plunger to reduce volume.
12) Now wait for seconds to normalize temperature effect. Since it is
constant. So, Wait a while for the gas to reach thermal equilibrium
(temperature value is almost Constant) after heating up due to
compression.
13) Press keep.
14) Repeat for 35 ml, 30 ml and 25 ml.
15) Stop recording.
16) Select the option of a proportional (Ax) graph to get a graph for
Pressure against 1/V.
17) If the line is perfectly linear then most experimental errors have been
avoided and the graph depicts Boyle’s law perfectly. If there are some
imperfections, they may be ignored as experimental errors.
18) The temperature sensor has an error we will eliminate it further
Error = Mean temperature – Room temperature.
The error value will be further subtracted from the each temperature.

CALCULATION :

Actual Temperature
After performing experiment we saw that the

temperature in the temperature column does not give any physical

sense. So, we will remove its error.

 o
We have room temperature of 27 C. Then the calculation

of actual temperature is as follows;

o
Mean Temperature = 179.53 C

Then,
o o o
Error = 179.53 C – 27 C =152.53 C

Now find the actual temperature of three points;

o
Actual temperature=Temperature (firstly calculated)-152.53 C

T1 =170.51 o
C

T3 =180.91 oC
o
T6 =183.39 C

By using the temperature;

oo o
A.T1 = 170.51 C - 152.53 C =17.98 C
o o o
A.T3 =180.91 C- 152.53 C =28.38 C
o o o
A.T6 = 183.39 C- 152.53 C =30.86 C.
 The capstone graphs are given below

ANALYSIS AND CALCULATIONS:

In this experiment our aim was to verify Boyle’s Law
which states that:
“The product of volume of a gas and the pressure at
which it is held is constant.”
P * V = constant

An ideal gas syringe is used which is kept first at

50ml, then decreased gradually to 25ml.
The pressure is calculated using the pressure
sensor and from the capstone file it can be seen that
as volume decreases from 50ml to 25ml, pressure
changes from approximately 87kPa to 122kPa.
The requirement of this experiment is that
temperature has to be constant. Temperature of air
inside syringe must be close to room temperature
and instrumental error is calculated by:
Error = Mean Temperature - Room Temperature
From the observed values, it can be seen that the
product of temperature and volume is almost
constant. Hence Boyle’s Law is verified.

 Questions:
1. How are Absolute Pressure and Volume related according to your results?

Under what condition is this relationship true?

Ans: According to the our calculations, it can be seen that Absolute
Pressure ‘P’ is directly proportional to inverse of volume 1/V or inversely
proportional to volume ‘V’ of the gas as illustrated by the formula given
below:
𝒌
𝑷= Or PV = k
𝑽

And their product is always a constant quantity k. Only a small

deviation occurs due to human error.
This relation is true only when we keep the Absolute Temperature
‘T’ and number of moles ‘n’ of gas constant.

2. What physical quantities make up the slope of your straight-line graph?

Ans: As seen from the graph, it is clear that slope of the straight line graph
depend upon the absolute pressure P and invers of volume V.

3. Use the value of the slope to determine the number of moles (n) of air in the

syringe. Pay attention to the units!

Solution: As we know that ideal gas equation is given as:
PV = nRT ….. (1)
Here, from above calculations we have:
T = 27oC = 300 K , V = 38 cm3 = 3.8 × 10-5 m3 , P = 119.9
kPa = 1.199 × 105 Nm-2
R = 8.3145 NmK-1mol-1 , n=?
Putting values in 1, we get No. of moles as:
PV = nRT
(1.199 × 105 )(3.8 × 10-5) = n (8.3145)(300)
⇒ n = 1.8266 × 10-3 mol