EXPERIMENT # 2

CORE CUTTING AND LAPPING METHODS

Apparatus
 Coring Machine
 Cutting Machine
 Lapping Machine

Theory
Sampling
The technique of extracting a core from a bigger rock sample is known as sampling. A core sample is
a cylindrical section of (usually) a naturally occurring substance. Most core samples are obtained by
drilling with special drills into the substance.

Coring Machine
A machine in which the bit is fitted and the boulder rock or the bigger rock sample is placed to get a
core sample from the intact rock is called as coring machine. The drill bit is in a circular shape and
has Diamond cutter on it. The core drills are used frequently in mineral exploration.

Drill Bits:
The drill bit is a device that cuts into the ground layers or the boulder we have from the field to cut a
core sample.
The drill bit is the mechanism that cuts into the ground layers to reach the gas deposit or to cut a
core sample. Types of drill bits

 PDC bit:
 Roller cone bit
 Tricon Bit

Cutting Machine
Core cutting machine is used to cut the core from the edges after it has been retrieved form the
sample. It is used to cut / drill cores of various diameters of concrete or bituminous pavement. The
useless material cut with Cutting Machine.

Lapping Machine
Core lapping machine is used to make the sample less abrasive. Lapping is a machining process, in
which two surfaces are rubbed together with an abrasive between them, by hand movement or
using a machine.
We also use other types of machine for lapping. But we use different thing for lapping. Because
lapping machine cutting was damaged.

Penetration rate
The rate at which core is extracted from the bigger rock sample or from boulder of rock or from the
intact rock is known as penetration rate.

Water inflow rate

The inflow of a body of water is the source of the water in the body of water. It can also refer to the
average volume of incoming water in unit time.

Procedure
Following are different steps to get core sample from the intact rock or boulder rock:

 Take the rock sample from which core is to be extracted and put it on coring machine
 Start the machine and start coring by applying force on handle gradually.
 When the groove is made turn the machine to auto.
 Note the time taken to obtain the core.
 Note the length of core obtained.
 Note the RPM of machine.
 Note the flow rate of water flow by fill a 250ml water bottle and note the time by stop
watch.
 Now we remove the useless material from the sample of rock with the help of cutting
machine.
 We set a rock sample in which a cutting machine and cut 1cm of rock and useless material
from rock sample.
 And cutting we use lapping method to do smooth and level the surface of rock.

Observations And Calculations

Penetration rate

Sr# Length of core (m) Time taken (Sec) Penetration rate (m/sec)
1 0.106 345 0.000307
Water flow rate
 Volume of the container = 1 liter
 Taken Time = 12.52 sec

1l
flow rate= = 0.0798 l/sec
12.52 s
That becomes 0.0769 l/sec water flow rate.

Result
Coring machine is a very useful machine to get a core sample of any type of diameter of the sample
from intact rock. The core sample that is prepared from this is then used to determine its different
properties and to perform various tests on it.