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7 Resume Unite5
7 Resume Unite5
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** ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﺪ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ، T fﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﲢﻮﻳﻼ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺎ Q2 00 C = m LF
ﻭ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ Q3 = m c (T f − T2 ) f 0 :
** ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﺰﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻱ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = 0 :
) ( Mc + C ) (T1 − T f ) + m ⋅ c (T2 − T f
= LF ⇐ ( Mc + C ) (T f − T1 ) + m ⋅ c (T f − T2 ) + m ⋅ LF = 0 ﻭﻣﻨﻪ :
m
** ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﳌﺴﻌﺮ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻱ :
ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﺴﻌﺮ ﻣﺎﺀ ( m1 = 100 g , T1 = 200 C ) :ﻳﺼﺐ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ . ( m2 = 200 g , T2 = 640 C ) :
ﲝﻴﺚ c = 4185 J / Kg C 0 : -ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ C ′ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻌﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ . T f = 400C
** ﺍﳊﻞ :
-ﺍﳌﺴﻌﺮ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ) ﻳﻜﺴﺐ ( Q1 = m1c (T f −T1 ) + C ′ (T f −T 1 ) f 0 :
-ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ) ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ( Q2 = m2 c (T f − T2 ) p 0 :
** ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﺰﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻱ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ Q1 + Q2 = 0 :
) − m 2c (T f −T 2 ) − m1c (T f −T1
=C′ ⇐ m1c (T f − T1 ) + C ′ (T f − T1 ) + m2 c (T f − T2 ) = 0 ﻭﻣﻨﻪ :
(T f ) −T 1
) −0,1× 4185 ( 40 − 64 ) − 0,1× 4185 ( 40 − 20
= C ′ﻭﻣﻨﻪ C ′ = 83, 7 J / C 0 : ﻓﻨﺠﺪ :
) ( 40 − 20
ﺗﻘﻮﱘ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ :ﲤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﻲ
**ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ : 11
-ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ) ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ( ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﰒ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ .
-ﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ .
= θ f ≈ 13.3°C ⇐ θ f
36309
= ⇐ θf
39234 − 0.3 × 390 × 25
= ⇐ θf
( M + µ ) ceθ + mCu cCuθi
2733 0.625 × 4185 + 0.3 × 390 ( m + µ ) ce + mCu cCu