@ - loo/Enough - The "-ing form” They want to spend their life together. They would like to have two children. They may buy a car next year ‘The infinitive is the root form of the verb. There are two kinds of infinitive: a) the to - infinitive e.g. to stay, to go b) the bare infinitive which is the root form of the verb without to. e.g. stay, go We use the te + fatinliiv ® after verbs such as advise, agree, decide, expect, hope, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seem, want, etc. eg. He refused to answer my question. ® atter be + adjective such as glad, happy, nice, sorry, etc. 4, It is nice to be back home. Jack will be glad to see you. after some verbs such as know, learn, remember, ask, want to know, etc. when there is a question word (who, what, where, how, etc.) after them. ‘Why’ is not followed by an infinitive, but by a subject + verb. eg, I don't know how to answer this question. but | didn't know why he was crying. with too and enough. €.. It's too cold to go outside. Joe isn't old enough to vote. to express purpose. e.g, | went to the florist’s to buy some flowers. after modal verbs (can, must, etc). eg. You can go home now. after the verbs let and make. e.9. My parents let me have a party for my birth- day last month. Write what the following words/phrases are followed by: to - infinitive (T.t.) or bare infinitive (B.I.). 1 coud+ = BL 9 make sb + 2 agree + 10 seem + 3 let + ss 14 expect + A must cece 12 can't + 5 want + i 13. itis nice + 6 learn + 14 hope + 7 decide + 15 may + 8 promise + 16 advise + In pairs, say what your parents (don't fet or (don't) make you do using the prompts below. SA: My parents don't let me watch TY late at night. SB: My parente make me study hard. © watch TV late at night tidy my room study hard © invite friends home goto parties atthe have breakfast every weekend morning © wear anything | want play music loud Fill in the gaps with one of the verbs from the list in the correct form. climb, help, go. open, buy, post. stay. take. wash, ask 1 [think {will buy... some flowers for my mother 2. Bill went to the post office some letters. 3. Let me you with your homework 4 | want ‘a mountain before I'm thirty. 5 Wo must .. the car today. I's very dirty. 6 He's too young in the house alone, 7 (don’t know how the windows in this room, 8 Icouldn't on holiday last summer. 9 Can! you a question, please? 10 They made her ........... the money out of the sate.Infinitive - Too/Enough - The ; T want to play with the yellow ball. Twant you to draw a picture. ) When the subject of the main verb and the subject, of the infinitive is the same, then the subject of the infinitive is omitted. 9. | would like to stay here. (The subject of the main verb and the infinitive is “I) © When the subject of the infinitive is different from the subject of the main verb, then the subject of the infinitive is not omitted. The subject of the infinitive can be a name (Mark), a noun (the boys) or an ‘object pronoun (me, you, them, etc.) and goes before the infinitive. Lucy the girls her e.g. | would like to stay here. a Rephrase the following, as in the example. 1 You must help me. Iwant you to help me. 2 They mustn't leave now. .. don't want 3. She must eat her dinner. Iwant .. 4 He must visit Aunt Linda. Iwant 5 You mustn't tak to strangers don't want 6 Fiona mustn't go on holiday by hersel. don’t want 7 They must do thelr homework now. Iwant i. 8 You must go to bed now. Iwant = Fill in the gaps with one of the verbs m thi in the correct form of the infinitive. be - leave - do - make - meet - tell i. ah what ...to do. a inyone 4 a & w 3 Foam sn. 4 Iwant you ... my own clothes. quiet. 5 I don’ think the boss 6 I'm pleased will let me you earlier today. oe Dear Emma, Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the infiniti Vm writing (1) ...to invite.. birthday party next Saturday. As you know, I'l be sixteen, so this is going to be a very special occasion for me. I've invited aimost all of my friends and | really hope they'l all be able (2) ..cseme (come). Could | (3) .. = (ask) you (4) .. (help) me with the preparations, though? would like (5) (decorate) the house with white ond pink flowers, but I'm afraid | won't (0) cereecnnnnnn (have) time to do everything by myself. 've also decided (7) .. (make) my own cake and I'll certainly need your help with that! Please write back soon and let me (8) (know) if you can make it. Ginvite) you to my Best wishes, Sandra —He is too short to reach the biscuits. She's tall enough to reach the top shelt ‘© Too goes before adjectives or adverbs. It has a negative meaning and shows that something is more than enough, more than necessary or more than wanted. too + adjectivefadverb + to - infinitive e.g. Sarai is too young to go to school. (Sarah is ‘80 young that she can't go to school.) He speaks too quickly for me to understand him. (He speaks so quickly that I can't under- stand him.) © Enough goes before nouns but after adjectives or adverbs. It has a positive meaning and ‘shows that there is as much of something as is wanted or needed. adjective/adverb + enough } + 49 infinitive ‘enough + noun e.g. She’s old enough to go out on her own. (She can go out on her own.) I've got enough butter to make a cake. (1 can make a cake) ‘enough ... + to - infinitive (positive meaning) e.g, He is strong enough to lift the suitcase. not enough ... + to - infinitive (negative meaning) e.g, He is not strong enough to lift the suitcase. too ... + to - infinitive (negative meaning) e.g, He is too weak to lift the suitcase. too ... for somebody/something + to - infinitive (negative meaning) e.g. The suitcase is too heavy for him to lift x 3 4 5 6 7 8 Match column A with column B to make correct sentences. A B It’s only 6 o'clock. enough to live alone. It’s too b cold to go out without a coat. He wasn't tall @ onwiigh to gob bed now. I'm not old @ enough to reach the It's too cupboard. e expensive for me to The girl wasn't early buy. f early to go to bed The dress was too ceionoiighi ts bays I'm not tired yacht hy enough to catch the We aren't train. Complete the responses using too or enough. Can she win the race? (fast) Yes, she’s fast enough, Can he buy this car? (cheap) No, .. ar Can he wear this jacket? (small) Can she carry the bags? (heavy) No, i “i Can he hear the music? (loud) Yes, ene ~ Can he touch the ceiling? (short) No, Don't wear a T-shirt, It's cold outside. It’s too cold outside to wear a T-shirt. It’s very hot today. Let's go to the beach. WS .onrnnnnene We're not going to the party yet. I's early Ws. siicrnaaabananscartsein You can't touch the ceiling. You're short. You're not You can buy this sweater. It's cheap. This sweater is ‘You can walk to school alone. You aren't too young, You're They can buy a luxury yacht. They'te rich. Theyre You can ift this box. it's light. This boxhe “the te (Eee ° ° Infinitive - Too/Enough - The Mr Scott likes painting Painting is his favourite hobby. The “-ing form” is the verb form with the -ing suffix. eg. Sam likes fishing. as a noun. e.g. Walking is 2 good form of exercise. usually after the verbs like, love, dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer. e.g. Helen likes watching old films on TV. aiter the verbs start, begin, stop, finish. e.g. He started writing his composition an hour ago. atter prepositions. e.g. I'm tired of going to work by bus every morning. after the verb go when we talk about activities. e.g. We usually go skiing at the weekends. atter the expressions be busy, it's no use, it's no good, it's (not) worth, what's the use of ...?, there’s no point in. e.g. Father is busy repairing the car. after verbs such as avoid, admit, confess, deny, look forward to, mind, regret, risk, spend, suggest, ete. eg. Tony avolded answering my question. @ a waona so NOTE: We can use the -ing form or the to - infinitive after the verbs start, begin, continue, like, love, prefer and hate. e.g. He started writing/to write nis speech last night. We use the to - infinitive and not the -ing form after the expressions would love/would like/ would prefer. 0.g. / would love to have my own house one day. (NOT: +wouleHove-having-my-ovmn- ‘house one day.) We can use the bare infinitive or the -ing form after the verbs see, hear, feel and watch. Note the difference in meaning, however. a) | saw Peter cross the street. (I saw the whole action — by the time | let, Peter was on the other side of the street.) b) | saw Peter crossing the street. (I only saw part of the action — | don't know if Peter got to the other side of the street by the time I left.) correct sentences. a B Writing letters to ais very tring. fnenas bis bad for your teeth. The baby started Fusing nd © crying when | eft ne distances lope: Specking foreign 4. skiing last winter. languages © is one of my hobbies, They went ‘ Eatinglots of sugar Washing the cshes, Tom doesn't ike 4. usetul for everyone. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive form or the -ing form. I would like ...t0 go... (go) out tonight He hates (play) cards. Sho is too oxcited ... se . (sleep) You must .. (Get up) early in the morning Hregrot aut « (pend) 50 much money last weekend They go (run) every Tuesday evening saw Helen (wash) the dishes. It took her only ten minutes. started (earn) French two years ago, He was very pleased The dentist advised him ... eating sweets. (see) her again (stop) Match column A with column B to make 69+ Too/Enough- The ”~ing form” Put the verbs in brackets into the 4h lets (go) to the ice-rink correet infinitive form or the -ing form. at the weekend. B: You know | hate (ice-skate). A: But you've only tried it once. Anyway, you love (roller-skate). It's the same thing. B: Thats different. 5 A: Dad, Lucy has started (have) riding lessons. Will you let me .. (go) riding too? B: Do you really want .. (90)? A: Yes, I'd .. ~- (ove) to. B: Well, Ill talk to your mother and, if she agrees, I'm sure we can .. . .- (arrange) ee fo the funfair with his friends. When they arrived, they . cidn't know which ride (2) “ (ty) first, but 6 A: Did you know that Scott is going on ane someone suggested (3) .... .. (start) cere yee wit gist rin Sevens ged a wis was a 9 RAN? How do youknow a very good idea. After they had finished (4) ies na oclanaae (cide) the ghost train, they moved on to the other 8: Of that's inocostng, rides. Toby adrritted (6) .. (be) afraid on i : the fast roller-coaster, but he was stil happy enough 7 Ma you looking forward 10... (0) ©) snsnsee (GO) On it three times! He and his Be Yen ti aay Gian iy wed pene wee (0) aci(iyval chine fe AL I SUQQESE onsnneeneenenee (Visi) the museums but they wore too exhausted (8) rarenenne (AO) everything in one day. Toby suggested (9). (come] back the following weekend. Then, they all decided (10) ... . (go) home. They all loved (11) (\isit) the funtair and they are looking forward to (12) (return) this weekend. and art galleries. They're fascinating That's a good idea. Actually, | wanted (ask) you what the town is tke before I decide what .. -- (do) 2 IN OTHER WORDS ‘Study these examples. The second sentenc: has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive form or the -ing form. 1. Jerry was so short that he couldh’treach the top shelf, too Jerry was too short to reach tho top shelf. 2. Fiona is too young to go out at night. ‘old Fiona isn't of enough to go out at night. 3. Driving fast is dangerous. drive Itis dangerous to drive fast. 1A: Are you busy ..reading... (read)? B: Yes, but | don't mind .. you. What do you want? A: Do you know the answer to this question? B: Yes. Look, I'l show you how (do) it yourselt. » (help) 2 A: I've decided sos: (get) a part-time job. B: Really? What kind of job do you want (fing)? Complete each sentence with two to Ac Well. | really enjoy (look five words including the word in bold. atter) animals, so 1 wouldn't mind ... . (work) ina pet shop. 1 Alec is too short to be a basketball player. 3A: The police caught the man who burgled my tall -Alecisn't... tall enough to be... a basketball house last month. Player. B: Really? How did they manage... 2. Exercising regularly is good for you. (catch) him? exercise It is good reguiarly ‘A: I don't know, but he admitted... rm 3. Mary was so late that she didn't catch the bus. (steal) things in our neighbourhood. too Mary was . the bus. B: Well, I'm happy ... (hear) that 4 This book is too boring for me to tead. the thief was caught. enough This book isn't read. 70BY comect the mistake Sooransuns Infinitive - Too/Enough - The I'm not too tall to reach the top cupboard. He is enough fast to win the race. I'm old enough travelling alone. You must to get up now. She suggested to go to the cinema on Friday night He promised sending me a postcard. It's no use to try to change her mind. She knocked before to open the door. He is tired enough to come to the party |'am poor enough to buy a new sports car. \ sion Box @& 1 10 Choose the correct answer. Fim thirsty. 1 nC. A have run 8 am running for two hours. have been running Kate and Alice enjoy going to the theatre, A Both B Noither c All This is the park Itake my dog every afternoon. A where B what © which The children are tired. | think they to bed early tonight. Aare going B will go © go Alice to Japan four times so far. has gone B_ has been going C has been os his boss let him leave early? A Shall B Must c will Jack is in a hurry. He _ his boss in twenty minutes and he has to be on time. Awillmeet Bis meeting My husband painted our house all by Ahimsef Bhim C meets C tis The bus drivers were on strike yesterday, but Alex get to work. A was able to B has been able to © could Robert lunch when his uncle phoned. A was having B has had Cc had Jake Potts, a dangerous criminal, has escaped from Prison. Look at the information in the poster below ‘and make sentences, as in the exampl e.g. Jake Potts managed to escape from Walton Prison this morning. WANTED: JAKE POTTS | HAVE YOU SEEN THIS MAN? 1mss 85 kilos Brown hair Brown eyes manage/escape/Walton Prison this morning make/people/trust him be clever enough/disquise himself enjoyigo/oars and cafés police/suggestilook out for him in these places police/continue/look for him police/advise/people/keep away trom him and avoiditalk/him, * anyone who/see/him/should/contact the police on 263419 Activity You hear a news bulletin on the radio about Jake Potts. Look at the Oral Activity again and complete the bulletin below. This is the nine o'clock news. A dangerous criminal managed to escape from Walton Prison this morning. Jake Potts makes people