IYOE

Angular Motion
 IYOE

Angular motion

Angular motion of a line

Analysis of angular motion

 IYOE

Angular motion
Angular units

Angles normally expressed in radians

360° in a circle which has a circumference of 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋

𝑠𝑠
Radian is defined by 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑅𝑅

When 𝑠𝑠 = R, 𝜃𝜃 is 1 radian (rad)

𝜃𝜃𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝜃𝜃𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝜃𝜃 𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠
= = ⇒ 𝜃𝜃 =
2𝜋𝜋 360 2𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝑅𝑅
 IYOE

Angular motion of a line

We can specify the angular position of a line 𝑳𝑳 in a particular

plane relative to a reference line 𝑳𝑳𝟎𝟎 by an angle 𝜃𝜃
The angular velocity (𝜔𝜔) is defined in rad s −1
The angular acceleration of 𝐿𝐿 relative to 𝐿𝐿0 is defined in 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑠𝑠 −2
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 𝜽𝜽
𝝎𝝎 = 𝜶𝜶 = = 𝟐𝟐
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒕𝒕
 IYOE

Constant angular acceleration

𝜔𝜔 = 𝜔𝜔0 + 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 (𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)

𝜔𝜔2 = 𝜔𝜔02 + 2𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 (𝑣𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑣02 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)

1 2 1 2
𝜃𝜃 = 𝜔𝜔0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝛼𝛼𝑡𝑡 (𝑠𝑠 = 𝑣𝑣0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 )
2 2

𝜔𝜔𝑓𝑓 + 𝜔𝜔0 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 + 𝑣𝑣0

θ= 𝑡𝑡 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑡𝑡
2 2
 IYOE

Constant angular velocity

Circumference = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 s
𝜽𝜽
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 r
Speed round circle 𝑣𝑣 = , where T
𝑇𝑇
is the period (time taken to
complete 1 revolution) 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

2𝜋𝜋 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝜔𝜔 =
𝑇𝑇
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑟𝑟
so 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑣𝑣 = 𝑟𝑟 𝜔𝜔
 IYOE

Angular velocity / acceleration not constant

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜔𝜔 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑2 𝜃𝜃
𝛼𝛼 = = 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑡𝑡
 IYOE

Analysis of angular motion

The rotor of a jet engine is rotating at 10,000 rpm when the fuel
is shut off. The resulting angular acceleration is 𝛼𝛼 = −0.02𝜔𝜔,
where 𝜔𝜔 is the angular velocity in rad s −1 .

a. How long does it take for the rotor to slow down to 1000
rpm?
b. How many revolutions does the rotor turn while
decelerating to 1000 rpm?
 IYOE

Analysis of angular motion

Conversion from rpm to 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑠𝑠 −1
2𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
1 rpm = = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑠𝑠 −1
60 30
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
a. 𝛼𝛼 = = −0.02 𝜔𝜔
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 0.02 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜔𝜔

1000𝜋𝜋/30 𝜃𝜃
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� = � −0.02 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
10000𝜋𝜋/30 𝜔𝜔 0

10000𝜋𝜋
1 30
𝑡𝑡 = ln = 115 s
0.02 1000𝜋𝜋
30
 IYOE

Analysis of angular motion

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
b. 𝛼𝛼 = = 𝜔𝜔 = −0.02 𝜔𝜔
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −0.02 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1000𝜋𝜋/30 𝜃𝜃
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � −0.02 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
10000𝜋𝜋/30 0

1 10000𝜋𝜋 1000𝜋𝜋
𝜃𝜃 = − = 15000 𝜋𝜋 rad
0.02 30 30

15000 𝜋𝜋
𝜃𝜃 = = 7500 revolutions
2𝜋𝜋
 IYOE

Summary
𝜃𝜃 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜔𝜔 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑2 𝜃𝜃
𝛼𝛼 = = 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑡𝑡
 IYOE

Summary

When angular acceleration 𝛼𝛼 is constant

𝜔𝜔 = 𝜔𝜔0 + 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼

𝜔𝜔2 = 𝜔𝜔02 + 2𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼

1 2
𝜃𝜃 = 𝜔𝜔0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝛼𝛼𝑡𝑡
2
 IYOE

And, for a point on a circular path

𝑣𝑣𝑡𝑡2
If 𝑣𝑣𝑡𝑡 constant, 𝛼𝛼𝑡𝑡 is constant, 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 =
𝑟𝑟

𝑣𝑣𝑡𝑡2
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = = 𝑟𝑟𝜔𝜔2 (𝑣𝑣 = 𝑟𝑟 𝜔𝜔)
𝑟𝑟
IYOE