METHODS: In study 1, we recruited 96 healthy young males (age: 21.6 ± 1.4 years).

The planter flexor muscle thickness was measured using ultrasonography (US). The plantar flexor MV
was estimated using lower leg length and muscle thickness based on a multiple regression equation, which was reported in previous study (Miyatani et al. Eur J Appl Physiol 91, 2004). In
study 2, we recruited 38 healthy young males (age: 21.5 ± 2.2 years). The planter flexor MV was calculated by multiplying the sum of successive cross-sectional areas measured using magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), and included MVs of the soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL). In both studies, to evaluate plantar flexor flexibility,
dorsiflexor active range of motion (ROM) and plantar flexor passive stiffness were measured using a dynamometer system. The dorsiflexor ROM was defined as dorsiflexion angle (i.e., end-
ROM) which was reached by maximal effort during active dorsiflexion. The planter flexor stiffness was calculated from the liner slope of the torque-angle curve between 10º and 20º
dorsiflexor angles during passive dorsiflexion.
RESULTS: In study 1, US-estimated plantar flexor MV was significantly correlated with dorsiflexor ROM (r = -0.431, P <0.001) and planter flexor stiffness (r = 0.474, P < 0.001). In study 2,
MRI-measured plantar flexor MV was significantly correlated with dorsiflexor ROM (r = -0.484, P = 0.002) and plantar flexor stiffness (r = 0.592, P < 0.001). Furthermore, all three MVs
among plantar flexors were significantly correlated with dorsiflexor ROM (r = -0.481, P = 0.002 for SOL; r = -0.360, P = 0.027 for GM; r = -0.432, P = 0.007 for GL) and planter flexor
stiffness (r = 0.559, P < 0.001 for SOL; r = 0.502, P = 0.001 for GM; r = 0.510, P = 0.001 for GL).
CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that joint flexibility of planter flexors is affected by their MVs in healthy young males.

199 Board #37 May 29 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM

Lower Extremity Joint Power and Muscle Activation in High and Low Lactate Threshold Cyclists
Brian K. Leary. The University of Texas, Austin, TX.
Downloaded from https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AWnYQp/IlQrHD3+5UxwP5IFlC46JFfmAbasZcXrm1m7Rqzmiwvjqo36kC0EnMVq5k6CQ== on 05/30/2020

(No relationships reported)

When comparing cycling and inclined treadmill running in well-trained cyclists, two groups have emerged in prior research: 1) cyclists with equally high LT VO2 while cycling and running
uphill (HLT) and 2) cyclists with low cycling LTVO2 (LLT) but high running LTVO2 (closely matching those of the HLT cyclists). The physiological and biomechanical differences between
HLT and LLT cyclists have yet to be completely described.
PURPOSE: To determine differences in absolute/relative joint powers and knee extensor muscle activation between HLT and LLT cyclists.
METHODS: Sixteen well-trained endurance athletes completed cycling and running VO2max and cycling and running lactate threshold (LTVO2) testing, and were separated into two groups
based on cycling LTVO2 (HLT: n=8) and (LLT: n=8). Hip, knee, and ankle absolute and relative joint powers (the percent contribution to total joint powers) and electromyography (EMG)
assessed muscle activation of the knee extensors (vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris(RF)) were compared between groups during submaximal cycling (60-90%
VO2max).
RESULTS: VO2max was similar in the two groups when cycling (HLT: 4.57 ± 0.17 vs LLT: 4.42 ± 0.15 L/min) and running (HLT: 4.47 ± 0.13 vs LLT: 4.49 ± 0.16 L/min). HLT cyclists had
higher LTVO2 while cycling compared with the LLT group (HLT: 3.68 ± 0.21 vs LLT: 3.10 ± 0.15 L/min); however, no differences in running LT VO2 were found (HLT: 3.73 ± 0.18 vs LLT:
3.71 ± 0.13 L/min) (p>0.05). Blood lactate concentration increased with work rate and was lower in the HLT group at 80 and 90% of VO 2max compared with the LLT group (p<0.05). There
were no differences between groups in absolute joint specific power across work rates (p>0.05). However, relative hip contribution was significantly greater in the HLT group at 90% VO2max
compared to the LLT group (p<0.05). Furthermore, VM EMG activity was higher in the LLT group at 60 and 70% VO 2max (p<0.05); yet there were no between group differences in VL or RF
activation (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: HLT cyclists have a greater relative hip contribution during submaximal cycling power and reduced stress on a knee extensor muscle (i.e. lower VM activation) compared to
LLT cyclists.

200 Board #38 May 29 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM

Can Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improve Counter-movement Jump Performance ?
Yu Liu, Xiuling Bian, Lingyan Huang. Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Email: yuliu@sus.edu.cn
(No relationships reported)

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique and has been known to reliably alter motor cortical excitability. Anodal stimulation increases
cortical excitability and cathodal stimulation inhibits cortical excitability. However, the effects of tDCS on counter-movement jump (CMJ) is currently unknown.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tDCS on CMJ performance in healthy men.
METHODS: A double-blinded crossover design was used. Fourteen male subjects (age: 22 ± 2 yrs, height:174.43 ± 5.74 cm, weight: 68.66 ± 9.47 kg) received three time stimulations, each
time an anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) or cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS) or sham tDCS randomly. The electrodes are placed over primary motor cortex (M1) bilaterally and the opposite electrodes pair over
the ipsilateral shoulders. Each stimulation lasted 20 min, 48-72 hours apart and current was set at 2mA. Participants were required to get anthropometric measurements and familiar with CMJ
in advance. Then, completed five CMJ tests before and after each stimulation, with one minute recovery interval between each test. The best three of the five CMJ in each moment was selected
for analysis. Two-way (condition × time) ANOVA with repeated measures were used for CMJ height, flight time, and initial velocity.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS: There was a significant interaction between condition and time for CMJ height (F(2,39) = 7.948, p < 0.001), flight time (F(2,39) = 8.228, p < 0.001), and initial
velocity (F(2,39) = 8.375, p < 0.001). There were no significant mains effects for condition or moment for any of the outcome measures (p > 0.05). Post-hoc analysis showed that there were no
significant differences between conditions both on pre- and post-stimulation moments (p > 0.05). However, post a-tDCS performance was significantly superior to pre a-tDCS for CMJ height,
flight time and initial velocity (p < 0.001 for all). There were no significant pre-post changes in both c-tDCS and sham-tDCS conditions (p > 0.05 for all).
CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that anodal tDCS may be a valuable tool to enhance vertical jumping ability, which is very important for huamn sport performance.

201 Board #39 May 29 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM

Relationship between Muscle Damage Magnitude and Sense of Knee Position
Ana C C Pereira, Elisângela Silva, Daniela G M Bueno, Denis B. da Silva, Stefani A M dos Reis, Wagner Z. de Freitas. FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF
EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SOUTH OF MINES, MUZAMBINHO, Brazil.
Email: carolina_gpe_11@hotmail.com
(No relationships reported)

It has been proposed in the literature that muscle damage may temporarily and negatively affect proprioceptive capacity, which can be tested through the ability to replicate angles, while
muscle damage can be verified by quantifying creatine kinase (CK) in the bloodstream.
PURPOSE: to verify the relationship between muscle damage and sense of position in the isokinetic dynamometer, in knee extensors, after an eccentric exercise protocol.
METHODS: ten male college students (age: 20.6 ± 1.8 years, body mass: 75.0 ± 11.7 kg, height: 177.4 ± 6.9 cm), with no prior experience with resistance exercises, were submitted to an
eccentric exercise protocol, in the isokinetic dynamometer, for induction of muscle damage composed of two phases: 1st phase: 10 sets of 10 repetitions with 30 seconds of rest (100 eccentric
contractions) - Speed = 30 ° / s. There was a 5 minute break between the phases. 2nd phase: 11 sets of 10 repetitions and 30 seconds of rest (110 eccentric contractions) - Speed = 180 ° / s. To
evaluate the muscle damage was used the values of CK peak found in the post-tests shortly after exercise, 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h. To verify the sense of position, the subjects, blindfolded,
should find the angle of 60º in the right knee on the isokinetic dynamometer. Was used a subtraction of the target value (60º) by the angle performed by the subjects on the day of CK peak. The
normality of the sample data was verified using the Shapiro-wilk test and Pearson's correlation was applied between peak CK and significance level of 5%.
RESULTS: There was a significant correlation (p = 0.014) between CK and knee position sense, with r = 0.742 classified as strong (Devore, 2006).
CONCLUSIONS: the induction of muscle damage caused by eccentric exercise significantly influences the subjects' proprioception, since the higher the CK values, the greater the angular
discrepancies between the expected value and the one performed by the subjects.
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