Experiment # 2

Objective: -
To draw impedance diagram & reactance diagram of power system in MATLAB (Simulink).

Definitions: -
The definition of impedance diagram and reactance diagram is given following: -

i. Impedance Diagram: -
We can define impedance diagram as following: -

“The simplified equivalent circuit of single line diagram of power system to analyze the power
flow and complex power system calculations considering impedance of circuit, is called impedance
diagram.”

ii. Reactance Diagram: -

We can define impedance diagram as following: -

“The simplified equivalent circuit of single line diagram of power system to analyze the power
flow and complex power system calculations considering reactance of circuit, is called reactance
diagram.”

The real power system calculations become more complex in three phase system analysis, fault
calculations of unbalanced and unsymmetrical systems. In such cases, the system is represented with
single line diagram, and then drawing equivalent simplified impedance and reactance diagrams to
analyze and calculate in an easy way.

In following, both impedance diagram and circuit diagram are shown: -

Impedance Diagram: -
The impedance diagram of the power system is given following: -

Impedance Diagram
Figure 2.1

Reactance Diagram: -
The reactance diagram of the power system is given following: -

Reactance Diagram
Figure 2.2

Procedure: -
The procedure for this experiment is given following: -

i. First, open MATLAB software on computer.

ii. Then navigate to Simulink of MATLAB.
iii. After opening MATLAB Simulink, navigate to “Blank Model” on Simulink and open it.
iv. Then after opening Simulink, a blank document will open. Then, navigate to “Simulink
Library” to browse the components to develop a model.
v. Then in “Simulink Library”, search and navigate required components to develop Simulink
model. For this purpose, drag the required part to the area of Simulink.
vi. For this experiment Power Library will be used for part placement.
vii. In this way we can develop impedance diagram and reactance diagram of the power system. For
this purpose, we can use AC power source, RL circuits, reactance and impedance etc.

Conclusion: -

Questions: -
1. Describe, why the secondary of current transformer should not be open during its operation?
2. Describe the reason for implementing wave trap in the substation?
3. Differentiate between a circuit breaker and an isolator, also mention the on load and off load
device respectively.
4. Describe the importance of reactance diagram regarding the power flow solution of a power
system.