Table 1.

Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 2. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 3. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
 𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 4. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 5. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 6. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
 𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 7. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓 2
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 8. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90
 Table 9. Hardening Soil parameters
Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 10. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 11. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
 c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 12. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 13. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓 2
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9
 Table 14. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 15. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓 2
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 16. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
 𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 17. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 18. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 19. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
 Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 20. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 21. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
 𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 22. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 23. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 24. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
 𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 25. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 26. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90
 Table 27. Hardening Soil parameters
Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 104000 72000 9000
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎) kN/m2 33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
𝜑′ ° 36 33 27
𝜓 ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
𝑚 - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
𝑅𝑓 [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 28. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸50 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑜𝑒𝑑 = 60000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐸𝑢𝑟 = 180000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐺0 = 60000 + 68000𝐷𝑟/100 [kN/𝑚2 ] 100000 90000 64000
(adopted)
𝑚 = 0.7 − 𝐷𝑟/320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
𝛾0.7 = (2 − 𝐷𝑟/100) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
𝜑 ′ = 28 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
𝜓 = −2 + 12.5𝐷𝑟/100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
𝑅𝑓 = 1 − 𝐷𝑟/800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90