Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Law of Evidence
Law of Evidence
Law of Evidence
Subject
Law of Evidence
Submitted To
Dr. Bilal
Submitted By
Ahmad Zeeshan
Roll no. 27
Section-C (7th Semester)
2017-22
LLB.5 Year
Table of Content
Introduction
Case laws
Introduction
Communication is the most crucial issue in marriage. It’s the most important thing a
husband and wife can do together because communication transcends everything.
Every cause of stress in marriage—kids, money, sex, etc.—can be addressed with
honest, open communication.
That’s how you overcome conflicts: You talk through them. Talk about money. Talk
about sex. Talk about parenting issues. One study showed that 86 percent of divorced
couples admitted they had communication problems in their marriages.
A lack of communication precedes almost every problem that arises in a marriage, and
that was definitely true for Karen and me. We were terrible at communication during
the first few years of our marriage. The process of learning how to talk to one another
was one of the methods God used to heal us.
As often as I speak about communication, some couples hear that word and
immediately think about long, deep conversations about intimate things. Of course,
those kinds of talks are wonderful! But living up to that ideal can be stressful. All it takes
is a kid or two to make an hour of interrupted conversation seem like a luxury.
With that in mind, I want to challenge you to go through the day paying attention to the
different ways you and your spouse talk to each other. Communication is not one
monolithic thing. It occurs throughout the day at a variety of levels.
These are the day-to-day ways a husband and wife convey details to each other, like
“Dinner is ready” or “My parents left on their vacation this morning.” While this is
obviously an important type of conversation, it’s mostly related to facts.
2. Partnership
Because a husband and wife are partners, they share needs. They share responsibilities,
children, finances and more. Communicating about these shared actions is vital. This
includes talking about money or parenting. Partnership is central to a healthy marriage.
3. Conflict Resolution
I hear fairly often from couples who like to brag that they never fight. This always gives
me pause, because even good marriages have conflict. People have disagreements! It’s
not a big deal if you fight—as long as you fight fair. Be kind. Listen. Seek understanding.
The goal of your marriage is not to avoid fights but to resolve conflict.
One thing I’ve noticed is that children of divorce tend to avoid conflict as adults—
especially within their marriage. They worry it’s going to end the relationship.
Communication during times of conflict is the way to ensure that it doesn’t. In fact,
conflict often happens during times of growth.
4. Connection
This is huge in marriage. In a healthy relationship, it’s easy to connect with one another.
You can do it through eye contact, through physical affection, and through the words
you say to one another. As humans, we are designed to seek connection.
One study showed that, during an average meal, a couple will have 100 points of
connection. It should be easy. But in bad marriages, even this connection over a shared
meal is difficult.
5. Personal Revelation
This is another critically important type of communication because it involves truly
sharing with each other. You tell your spouse about your feelings. You open up your
emotions. You share your opinion about something. This type of communication lets
your spouse into your world.
One of the healthiest things a couple can do together is process negative feelings
together. This might involve letting off steam after a bad day at work or it might require
processing anger related to the relationship. Don’t let anger or frustration fester. Let it
out. Share what is bothering you. Share what hurt your feelings. Instead of dwelling on
them, work through them with your spouse.
6. Intimate Communication
These are exactly what you think: expressions of love, words of affection, whispers of “I
love you.” These are statements that no one else will say to your spouse. These words
bind your hearts together and build the kind of closeness that keeps a marriage strong.
Cross-cultural relationships:
Understand that people from different cultures may attach a different meaning to
certain gestures.
Don’t assume that your perspective is the only one or the valid one.
Focus on the current issue:
Communicating becomes clouded when the past is dumped into the conversation. It is
wise to avoid bringing unrelated grievances, complaints and past sins to the table. “For
better or worse” is the promise of forgiveness and a pathway to effective
communication in marriage.
Fight fair!:
Resist fault finding, exaggerations, put-downs, name calling, blaming, insults, sarcasm,
and absolutes…” You always” …” You never.” It is advisable to avoid “You should” or
“You shouldn’t” as well. These unfair verbal weapons only escalate an argument due to
the attacking nature and usually result in the other person taking a defensive posture.
Be clear:
Resisting “You made me feel.” Giving your personal power away is an excuse for bad
behavior. “I” statements are more concise…” I felt like crap when you said…”
Be aware of your spouse’s feelings. We know the words that hurt; intentionally using
hurtful words is sabotaging and damaging to any relationship.
Listen:
And be willing to answer any questions to help your spouse gain a meaningful
understanding.
Be in the habit of giving the gift of life, positive and loving words:
Such as compliments, encouraging words, full attention listening, finding the good, and
acts of kindness.
Listening to learn, instead of listening to win an argument. Talking about yourself and
asking about the other, instead of assuming you know what the other person thinks or
should do.
A lot of people didn’t hear positive models of communication from their parents.
Without a strong foundation in skillful communication, it’s easy for emotions to run high
and to get off track. Fortunately these skills can be learned at any age.
Yes! There are some simple skills that can make a world of difference. It just takes a bit
of practice and a willingness to learn.
Effective communication allows good thoughts and feelings to flow between a couple.
With the right skills, bickering, hurt feelings and resentment will go way down.
Case laws
Owen v. State,
The acts of counting the money and (presumably) of purchasing merchandise would
also be privileged under the narrow meaning of communicative intent. There was
apparently a specific intent on the part of the husband that his wife should receive the
communication, she having taken part in the acts in question .
"Neither husband nor wife shall... testify as to communications made by one to the
other while married; nor shall they, after the marriage relation ceases, be made
witnesses as to any such communication... they shall in no case testify against each
other except in a criminal prosecution for an offense committed by one against the
other."