Intreruptorul limitator de curent alternativ

TEORIA LIMITARII
di
us = R ⋅ i + L + ua
dt (1)
di 1
= ⋅ (u s − R ⋅ i − ua )
dt L (2)
Pentru t = t2, i2 = 0 si di/dt = 0.

Daca R = 0 si arcul electric nu s-a aprins (ua = 0) rezulta:

di1
us = L ⋅ (3)
dt
Daca R = 0 si exista arcul electric (ua ≠ 0) rezulta:

di2
us − U a = L ⋅ (4)
dt
Se inlocuieste (3) in (4) si rezulta:

di1 di
L⋅ −Ua = L ⋅ 2 (5)
dt dt

sau:
di1 di d
Ua = L ⋅ − L ⋅ 2 = L ⋅ (i1 − i2 ) (6)
dt dt dt
Se noteaza i1 –i2 = ia (curent fictiv) si →
dia
Ua = L ⋅ (7)
dt
sau
t a i
1
⋅ U a ⋅ ∫ dt = ∫ dia
L 0 0
(8)
adica:
U a ⋅t
= i a = i1 − i 2
L (9)

Curent de scurtcircuit simetric

i1 = Iˆ ⋅ sin (ω ⋅ t + ϕ 0 ) (10)
Se inlocuieste (10) in (9) si rezulta:
U ⋅t
i2 = Iˆ ⋅ sin (ω ⋅ t + ϕ 0 ) − a
(11) L
La momentul t = t1, curentul i2 are un
maxim (il) si di2 / dt = 0. Se deriveaza
relatia (11) si se obtine:
Ua
ω ⋅ Iˆ ⋅ cos(ω ⋅ t1 + ϕ 0 ) − =0 (12)
L
sau
 Ua
cos(ω ⋅ t1 + ϕ 0 ) =
ω ⋅ L ⋅ Iˆ (13)
 Ua 
ω ⋅ t1 = arccos   − ϕ0
ˆ
ω ⋅ L ⋅ I  (14)
dar ω ⋅ L ⋅ Iˆ = Uˆ n , deci rezulta ca:
U a 
ω ⋅ t1 = arccos   − ϕ 0
ˆ
U n  (15)
Raportul de limitare [ kl ]
i2 (t1 )
kl =
Iˆ (16)
Se inlocuieste (11) in (16) si se obtine:

U a ⋅ t1
kl = sin (ω ⋅ t1 + ϕ 0 ) −
L ⋅ Iˆ (17)
dar ω ⋅ L ⋅ Iˆ = Uˆ n , deci rezulta ca:
Ua
kl = sin (ω ⋅ t1 + ϕ 0 ) − ⋅ ω ⋅ t1
Uˆ n (18)

La momentul t = t2, curentul i2 = 0. Se

inlocuieste in relatia (11) t = t2, si se
obtine:
 ˆ U a ⋅ t2
0 = I ⋅ sin (ω ⋅ t2 + ϕ 0 ) − (19)
L
Ecuatia (19) este o ecuatie ce nu se poate
rezolva analitic. Solutia [ t2 ] se poate afla
folosind programe specifice (MathCAD,
Matlab, etc.).

Energia dezvoltata in camera de stingere

t2

Wa = ∫ U a ⋅ i2 ⋅ dt
0
(20)
Se inlocuieste (11) in (20) si se obtine:
t2
ˆ Ua ⋅t 
Wa = ∫ U a ⋅  I ⋅ sin (ω ⋅ t + ϕ 0 ) −  ⋅ dt
0  L  (21)

Curent de scurtcircuit asimetric

i1 = Iˆ ⋅ [1 − cos(ω ⋅ t + ϕ 0 )] (22)
Se inlocuieste (22) in (9) si rezulta:
ˆ U a ⋅t
i 2 = I ⋅ [1 − cos (ω ⋅ t + ϕ 0 )] −
(23)
L
La momentul t = t1, curentul i2 are un
maxim (il) si di2 / dt = 0. Se deriveaza
relatia (23) si se obtine:
 ˆ Ua
ω ⋅ I ⋅ sin (ω ⋅ t1 + ϕ 0 ) − =0
(24)
L
sau
Ua
sin (ω ⋅ t1 + ϕ 0 ) =
ω ⋅ L ⋅ Iˆ (25)
 Ua 
ω ⋅ t1 = arcsin   − ϕ0
ˆ
ω ⋅ L ⋅ I  (26)
ω ⋅ L ⋅ ˆ = Uˆ
I
dar n , deci rezulta ca:

U a 
ω ⋅ t1 = arcsin   − ϕ 0
ˆ
U n  (27)
Raportul de limitare [ kl ]
i2 (t1 )
kl =
2 ⋅ Iˆ (28)
Se inlocuieste (23) in (28) si se obtine:

1 U a ⋅ t1
kl = ⋅ [1 − cos(ω ⋅ t1 + ϕ 0 )] −
2 2 ⋅ L ⋅ Iˆ (29)
dar ω ⋅ L ⋅ Iˆ = Uˆ n , deci rezulta ca:
1 − cos(ω ⋅ t1 + ϕ 0 ) U a
kl = − ⋅ ω ⋅ t1
2 2 ⋅ Uˆ n (30)
La momentul t = t2, curentul i2 = 0. Se
inlocuieste in relatia (23) t = t2, si se
obtine:
U ⋅t
0 = Iˆ ⋅ [1 − cos(ω ⋅ t + ϕ 0 )] − a (31)
L
Ecuatia (31) este o ecuatie ce nu se poate
rezolva analitic. Solutia [ t2 ] se poate afla
folosind programe specifice (MathCAD,
Matlab, etc.).

Energia dezvoltata in camera de stingere

t2

Wa = ∫ U a ⋅ i2 ⋅ dt
0
(32)
Se inlocuieste (31) in (32) si se obtine:
t2
ˆ Ua ⋅t 
Wa = ∫ U a ⋅  I ⋅ [1 − cos(ω ⋅ t + ϕ 0 )] −  ⋅ dt
0  L  (33)