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Security of Tenure and Kinds of Employment
Security of Tenure and Kinds of Employment
Kinds of Employment
Prepared by: Ruth P. Mocorro
Legal Aspects of Management
Security of Tenure
Article 279. Security of tenure.
Probationary employment shall not exceed six (6) months from the
date the employee started working, unless it is covered by an
apprenticeship agreement stipulating a longer period. The services of
an employee who has been engaged on a probationary basis may be
terminated for a just cause or when he fails to qualify as a regular
employee in accordance with reasonable standards made known by
the employer to the employee at the time of his engagement.
An employee who is allowed to work after a probationary period
shall be considered a regular employee.
Sample Case
[G.R. NO. 177937. 19 JANUARY 2011]
VS.
IRENE R. RANCHEZ,
Respondent.
Sample Case
[G.R. NO. 177937. 19 JANUARY 2011]
THE FACTS:
•Sanchez was a probationary employee of Robinsons Galleria/Robinsons Supermarket Corp for a
period of five (5) months, or from Oct 15, 1997 to Mar 14, 1998.
•She underwent 6 weeks of training as cashier before she was hired last Oct 15, 1997.
•She reported loss of Php20,000 to management. Management ordered that Sanchez be strip-
searched but yielded nothing.
•Sanchez acknowledged her responsibility and requested that she be allowed to settle and pay
the lost amount. However, petitioner Manuel did not heed her request and instead reported the
matter to the police.
•Sanchez was jailed for two weeks and charged for qualified theft.
•On Nov 25, 1997, Sanchez filed a case for illegal dismissal and damages.
•Petitioners sent to respondent by mail a notice of termination and/or notice of expiration of
probationary employment dated March 9, 1998.
•Labor arbiter dismissed complaint but ordered reinstatement. NLRC ruled that there was
constructive dismissal and ordered reinstatement and backwages. CA affirmed but ruled that
separation pay would be paid in lieu of reinstatement.
Sample Case
[G.R. NO. 177937. 19 JANUARY 2011]
THE ISSUE:
•Whether there was illegal dismissal.
THE RULING:
•Yes, Sanchez was not afforded due process. As probationary employee, she could be dismissed
for just cause, authorized cause or for failure to meet the standards set.
•The due process requirements under the Labor Code are mandatory and may not be supplanted
by police investigation or court proceedings. Thus, employers are mandated to conduct their own
separate investigation, and to accord the employee every opportunity to defend himself.
•Respondent was constructively dismissed by petitioner Supermarket effective October 30, 1997.
It was unreasonable for petitioners to charge her with abandonment for not reporting for work
upon her release in jail.
•As an illegally or constructively dismissed employee, respondent is entitled to: (1) either
reinstatement, if viable, or separation pay, if reinstatement is no longer viable; and (2)
backwages.
THE DECISION:
•That petitioners were ordered to pay respondent Irene R. Ranchez separation pay equivalent to
one (1) month pay and backwages from October 30, 1997 to March 14, 1998.
References
• http://www.dole.gov.ph/labor_codes/view/7
• http://www.bwc.dole.gov.ph/FAQ/ViewDetails.aspx?id=2
• http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno6656.htm#.VbzC9_mqqkq
• http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/january2011/177937.htm
• http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2007/july2007/164532.htm
• http://jabbulao.com/2011/02/13/legal-note-0029-illegal-dismissal-of-a-
probationary-employee-how-is-backwages-computed-and-more-issues/