Equivalent Circuit from Test Data

The equivalent circuit parameters of induction motor can be found by No load test and
Blocked rotor test. These two tests are same as we did in case of transformer i.e Open circuit test
and Short circuit test.

No Load Test:

No load test is performed by applying rated voltage at rated frequency to stator. The
motor runs at no load. Power, voltage and currents are measured by wattmeter, voltmeter and
ammeter respectively. These are denoted by Po, Vo and Io. At no load the slip of motor is nearly
equal to zero because motor runs at or very close to synchronous speed. Rotor leakage reactance
and rotor leakage resistance/slip referred to stator becomes open circuited. So, we now are left
with only stator resistance, stator leakage reactance and shunt branch. In the shunt branch gc
involves not only core loss but also the friction and windage loss. The values obtained from open
circuit test are Ro, Zo and Po. From these three values we can find Xo. Another thing that we can
find from above data is rotational loss. That can be found by subtracting the stator copper loss
from no load power of the induction motor. Series parameters can be omitted for very simple
calculation of shunt branch.

Blocked Rotor Test:

In blocked rotor test the slip of induction motor is equal to 1, because the speed of rotor is
zero now. A reduced voltage is now applied to stator input such that rated value of current flows.
The input power, voltage and current can be measured. These are denoted by Ps, Vs and Is. The
iron losses are very minute in blocked rotor test. So, the shunt branch can be omitted for very
simpler calculations. Just like transformer short circuit test, the circuit can be the series circuit.
From this test we can find Req and Zeq. From these two values we can find Xeq. Power factor

For a more complete discussion, we have different codes published for induction motor. If the
code is not mentioned then the leakage reactance of stator and leakage reactance of rotor referred
to stator are equal to = 0.5*Xeq. Now XM can be found by equation given as

XM = Xo – Xl1

As the stator resistance can be found by DC test. That is denoted by R1. Rotor leakage
reactance referred to stator can be found by formula given below:

R2’=(Req-R1)(Xl2+XM)2/X2M

If XM is much greater than rotor leakage reactance referred to stator , then rotor
resistance referred to stator is equal to (Req – R1). Otherwise R’1 is somewhat greater than R”2