Chronology August 16, 1977-November 15, 1977

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Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Winter, 1978), pp. 45-58
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4325712 .
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 CHRONOLOGY
August 16, 1977-November 15, 1977
Arab Israeli Conflict
(See also, Lebanon)
1977
Aug. 16: A bomb exploded on a bus in the Jezreel
Valley in Israel, injuring 9. [NYT)
Aug. 17: The Israeli government approved construc-
tion of 3 new Jewish settlements on the occupied
West Bank. [NYT)
A bomb was thrown in the town square of
Nablus, wounding 6 people. [NYT]
Aug. 18: The US criticized the Israeli settlement deci-
sion as "illegal" and "unilateral"and said it served to
create "obstacles to constructive negotiations." [NYT]
Aug. 20: The New York Times reported that Egypt,
Syria and Jordan had told US Secretary of State
Cyrus Vance during his Middle East tour in August
that they would sign peace treaties with Israel as
part of an overall settlement. [NYT)
Aug. 21: Reacting to US criticism of its West Bank
policies, Israel said it did not accept "the assertion
that settlement by Jews on the land of Israel is
illegal." [NYT]
Aug. 22: Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan
arrived in London on a visit to meet with British
Jewish leaders. [JP}
Aug. 25: A bomb exploded in the Israeli town of
Netanya, injuring 3. Earlier a bomb found in the
town of Rehovot was disarmed. [NYT)
Israeli Minister for Religious Affairs Aharon Abu-
hatzeira proposed that public services be provided
for inhabitants of the occupied Jawlan region and
Sinai equal to those provided for Israelis. [NYT)
Aug. 26: The Central Council of the Palestine Libera-
tion Organization (PLO) ended a meeting in Damas-
cus and reaffirmed the PLO decision not to accept
UN Security Council Resolution 242. [FBIS]
Syrian President Hafiz al-Asad said he was ready
to sign a "peace agreement" with Israel but rejected
the idea of a "normalization" of relations until
Israel eliminated its "expansionist character." [NYTI
List of Abbreviations
CSM, The Christian Science Monitor; EG, Egyptian Gazette; FBIS, Foreign Broadcast Information Service Daily
Report-Middle East and North Africa; JP, The JerusalemPost; MEED, Middle East EconomicDigest; MEES, Middle
East EconomicSurvey; NYT, The New York Times; TDN, Turkish Daily News; WP, The Washington Post.
45
Aug. 27: A bomb exploded in Gaza, injuring 1 Arab.
A second bomb blew up at the Jaffa Gate in Jeru-
salem, but no one was hurt. [NYT}
Aug. 28: PLO leader Yasir 'Arafat arrived in Moscow
for talks with Soviet leaders. [NYTI
A public opinion poll was released in Israel
which said that 67.7% of the adult Jewish popula-
tion in Israel favored continued government sup-
ported Jewish settlement on the West Bank. [CSM}
Aug. 30: Israeli Premier Menahem Begin said a Syrian
suggestion that the Arab League represent the PLO
at a Geneva peace conference was "completely
unacceptable." [NYT)
Aug. 31: The Israeli Foreign Ministry said Israel
had agreed to allow the UN Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization to send a mission to the
occupied Arab territories to investigate cultural
freedom there. [NYT)
Sept. 3: A meeting of Arab League Foreign Ministers
opened in Cairo. Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister
Prince Sa'fid al-Faysal called for joint action to face
Israel's "flagrant challenge" on the West Bank.
[NYT]
Israeli Agriculture Minister Ariel Sharon said he
had a plan to settle about 2 million Jews in a
"security belt" in occupied Arab territory. [NYTI
Sept. 4: The Arab League Foreign Ministers agreed to
urge the UN General Assembly to condemn Israeli
settlement policy in the occupied territories. [NYT}
Sept. 7: Israel protested to the UN that Egyptian
troop concentrations in the Sinai were in excess of
those permitted. [NYT]
Israeli colonists moved into Yattir, south of
Hebron, in the first step towards implementing
the decision to form 3 new West Bank settle-
ments. [NYT)
Sept. 8: The Israeli newspaper Ma'ariv cited Agriculture
Minister Sharon as saying that several Jewish settle-
ments had been established in the West Bank during
the past month with no publicity. [JPI
Sept. 1'1: A Jordanian military court sentenced 6 Jor-
danians to death in absentia for selling their real
estate in the West Bank to Israelis. [JP]
46 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
A bomb exploded in a Beersheba bus station,
wounding 10 people. [NYT]
Sept. 12: Jordanian King Hlusayn met with French
President Valery Giscard d'Estaing in France on the
Middle East situation. [NYT}
The Swiss League for Human Rights accused
Israel of having "commonly and systematically"
employed torture on Arab inhabitants of the occu-
pied West Bank. [NYT]
The US State Department said that Palestinian
representatives would "have to be at Geneva for the
Palestinian question to be solved." [NYT]
Sept. 17: Israeli Foreign Minister Dayan unexpectedly
returned to Israel from Brussels and met with Premier
Begin. [JPI
Sept. 19: Dayan met with US President Jimmy Carter
in Washington. [NYT]
An Arab man who had attacked an Israeli soldier
was killed by other soldiers in the occupied
Gaza Strip. A bystander was also killed. [NYT]
Sept. 21: Egyptian Foreign Minister Ismi'il Fahmi
met with US President Carter in Washington.
[MEED]
Sept. 22: Egyptian Foreign Minister Fahmi said the
Arabs were "ready for the first time to accept Israel
as a Middle Eastern country." [NYT]
Sept. 24: US Secretary of State Vance met with a
Jordanian delegation in Washington on the Middle
East situation. [NYT}
Sept.25: The Israeli Cabinet approved, subject to certain
conditions, a US proposal calling for a single Arab
delegation, including Palestinian representatives, at
the opening session of a reconvened Geneva con-
ference. [NYT]
Begin told leaders of the Jewish nationalist group
Gush Emunim that the government would not sanc-
tion their plans to build 11 new settlements in
the West Bank. [NYT]
Sept. 28: Leaders of Gush Emunim accepted a pro-
posal by Begin that members of the organization
move into 6 military camps in the West Bank rather
than establish new settlements outright. [JP]
Syria and Jordan told Carter that they accepted
the US proposal for a unified Arab delegation at
the Geneva conference but they disagreed with
Israel's conditions for the proposal. [NYT]
Sept. 30: Vance met with Soviet Foreign Minister
Andrei Gromyko in New York on the Middle
East situation. [NYT]
Vance and Dayan held discussions on obstacles
hindering the reconvening of a Geneva conference.
[NYT]
Oct. 1. The US and the Soviet Union issued a joint
declaration calling on all parties to the Middle
East conflict to work out a "comprehensive settle-
ment" within the framework of a Geneva peace
conference and asserting that the settlement should
insure the "legitimate rights of the Palestinian people"
and establish "normal peaceful relations" in the area.
[NYT]
Oct. 2: Thirty Gush Emunim members moved into
an army camp near Sebastia. [JP)
A bomb exploded in the Jerusalem central bus
station, wounding 3 people. [NYT)
Oct. 4: Carter spoke before the UN in New York.
He later met separately with Fahmi and Dayan.
[NYT]
Oct. 5: Carter and Dayan reached agreement on a
"working paper" specifying procedures for a recon-
vened Geneva peace conference. [NYTI
Oct. 7: Vance met with Fahmi on the "working
paper." [NYT)
Oct. 8: The Popular Front for the Liberation of
Palestine (PFLP) threatened to use "revolutionary
force" against any Arab or Palestinian leader who
recognized Israel. [NYT]
Oct. 10: News editors of the state owned Israel
Radio rejected a Foreign Ministry request that they
stop using terms such as "occupied Arab territory,"
saying they were "not an information center of the
Government." [NYT]
Israeli Deputy Defense Minister Mordechai Zip-
pori said Israel had approved 6 new Jewish settle-
ments for the West Bank to be populated by
members of the nationalist group Gush Emunim.
[NYT]
Oct. 111: The Israeli Cabinet unanimously approved
the "working paper." [NYT]
Oct. 12: The US sent the "working paper" to the
capitals of the appropriate Arab nations for their
consideration. [NYT]
Oct. 13: Dayan divulged the contents of the "working
paper" at a public session of the Knesset. [NYT]
Gunmen hijacked a West German airliner with
91 people aboard, had the plane refueled in
Rome and Cyprus and then flew to Bahrayn.
[NYT]
Oct. 14: The hijacked plane landed in Dubai. The
hijackers demanded release of 11 terrorists from
West German jails and 2 Palestinian terrorists
held in Turkey. [NYT]
The Turkish government rejected the demands of
hijackers for the release of 2 Palestinian terrorists
held in Turkish jails. [NYT]
Oct. 15: Two bombs exploded in the Old City of
Jerusalem. A bomb in the coastal city of Netanya
blew up. [NYT]
Oct. 16: The hijacked plane flew to South Yemen
and landed beside the runway after the South
Yemeni government had refused landing permission
and closed the airport. [NYT]
Oct. 17. The hijackers killed the pilot of the airliner
and flew to Mogadishu, Somalia. [NYT]
Oct. 18. Egyptian President Anwir al-Sadat and 'Arafat
met to discuss Arab response to the "working
paper." [NYT]
West German commandos stormed the plane in
Mogadishu, killing the terrorists and freeing the
hostages. [NYT]
Oct. 21: The UN Security Council approved a 1 year
 CHRONOLOGY
extension of the UN peacekeeping force separating
Egyptian and Israeli troops in the Sinai. [NYT}
Oct. 24: The JerusalemPost reported that Israeli Mayor
ofJerusalem Teddy Kollek had said he would not host
a tour ofJerusalem for US Treasury Secretary Michael
Blumenthal because Blumenthal had asked for an
"official tour" of West Jerusalem and a "private tour"
of East Jerusalem. [JP}
Oct. 25: After meeting with Carter, Saudi Arabian
Foreign Minister Prince Sa'cudsaid the only way to
achieve a "real" settlement in the Middle East was
to try to settle the Palestinian dispute by dealing
with the PLO. [NYT]
Oct. 27: The Popular Front for the Liberation of
Palestine-Special Operations claimed it had been
behind the hijacking of the West German airliner.
[NYTI
Oct. 28: The UN General Assembly adopted a resolu-
tion by 131 to 1 with 7 abstentions which "strongly
deplored" Israel's establishment of settlements in oc-
cupied Arab territories, and called on Israel to desist
from changing the demographic composition of the
territories. [NYT]
Oct. 30: Israel said it was prepared to release Greek
Catholic Archbishop Hilarion Capucci, who had been
convicted of arms smuggling, from jail if a formal
request to do so were received from Pope Paul VI.
[NYTI
Nov. 1: The US withdrew from the International
Labor Organization. [NYT]
Nov. 2: Egyptian President Sadat met with Saudi
Arabian King Kh5lid in Riyadh on the Middle East
situation. [NYT]
Jordanian King Ijusayn conferred in Damascus
with Syrian President Asad on Middle East strategy.
[NYT].
Nov. 3. A Vatican representative delivered a letter from
Pope Paul VI to Israeli President Ephraim Katzir
asking clemency for Archbishop Capucci. [NYT]
The General Assembly condemned air piracy and
called on all governments to take steps to prevent
it. [NYTI
Nov. 4: The Christian Science Monitor cited a state-
ment by the PFLP as saying the PFLP had ex-
pelled Wadi Haddad from its ranks in February
1976 because he had refused to acceed to a policy
decision to stop hijackings. The PFLP denied re-
sponsibility for recent hijackings. [CSM]
Nov. 6: Israel commuted the jail sentence of Arch-
bishop Capucci and put him aboard a flight to
Rome. [NYT}
Israel rejected an Egyptian proposal for preliminary
talks to agree on an agenda for a reconvened
Geneva conference. [NYT}
Nov. 7: King Husayn arrived in Damascus from
Cairo and met with Syrian President Asad on
prospects for reconvening the Geneva conference.
[NYT]
A small bomb exploded in the Petah Tikva
central bus station. No one was injured. [NYT]
47
Nov. 8: A 3 nation committee created by the UN
General Assembly reported that life in the occupied
Arab territories was marked by demonstrations and
riots "attributable to the fact of occupation." The
committee had not been permitted by Israel to visit
the territories. [NYT)
'Arafat met with Egyptian President Sadat to dis-
cuss efforts to reconvene the Geneva conference.
[NYT)
Israeli policemen and Arab villagers clashed at
Majdal Krum and 1 Arab was killed after a house
that had been built without a permit was torn down.
[NYT]
Nov. 9: Sadat said his commitment to peace was so
determined that he was "ready to go to the Israeli
Parliament itself and discuss it with them." [NYT]
Nov. 10: Begin said he "welcomed" Sadat's statement
that he was ready to visit Israel. [NYT)
Nov. 12. Begin verbally invited Sadat to come to
Jerusalem. [NYT)
Foreign Ministers of the Arab League nations
opened a 3 day meeting in Tunis. [NYTI
Nov. 13: Two Arabs were killed in separate bomb
explosions in Jerusalem. [NYT]
The Democratic Front for the Liberation of
Palestine (DFLP) claimed responsibility for a bomb
blast in Jerusalem. [NYT]
Nov. 14: Sadat said he was prepared to go to Israel
once he had received a formal invitation from
Begin. [NYTI
Nov. 15: Begin transmitted a formal invitation to
Saddt through US diplomatic channels to visit
Jerusalem and speak to the Knesset. [NYT]
Four Israeli Arab Muslims left Israel to make the
bajj to Mecca. Israeli Arabs had been banned by
Saudi Arabia from making the hijj since 1948.
[NYT]
Yediot Aharonot published an interview by Israeli
Chief of Staff Mordechai Gur in which he said that
Egypt was preparing for war and warned that if
Sadat had in mind "another deception like that on
the eve of the Yom Kippur War, his intentions
are clear to us." [JPJ
Israeli Defense Minister Ezer Weizman said that
Chief of Staff Gur had made his comments "with-
out my approval" and that he could "only regret"
the remarks. [JP}
General
(See also, Tunisia)
1977
Aug. 20: The New York Times cited sources in Nouak-
chott, Mauritania, as saying that a total of 18 Mauri-
tanian troops and 30 Polisario guerrillas had been
killed in 2 clashes in the past 48 hours. [NYT)
48 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Sept. 4: An Arab League meeting of Arab Foreign
Ministers in Cairo approved the admission of Djibouti
as the 22nd member of the organization. [NYT]
Oct. 25: Polisario Front guerrillas abducted 2 French
nationals during an attack on a railway linking
Zouerat with Ouadibou in Mauritania. Six French
nationals had been captured previously. [FBIS}
Oct. 29: The French Interior Ministry announced it had
expelled 8 representatives of the Polisario Front from
the country. [NYT)
The Arab League and the European Common
Market ended 4 days of talks in Brussels. [NYT}
Nov. 2: The New York Times reported that France
had sent about 300 troops to its garrison in Senegal
to bolster its diplomatic efforts to win release of 8
French citizens captured by Polisario Front guerrillas
in Mauritania. [NYT]
Nov. 7: Moroccan King Hasan said that if escalation
of the conflict in Western Sahara continued Morocco
would be obliged to use the right to pursuit even
if that should lead to "crossing borders and violating
the sovereignity of our neighbors." [FBIS}
Nov. 8: Algerian Foreign Minister Abdelaziz Bouteflika
warned Morocco that any penetration of the Algerian
border would be aggression that would have "cata-
strophic repercussions". [NYT]
Nov. 9: Moroccan Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
Mohamed Boucetta said in Paris that the Algerian
regular army was carrying out military operations
in the Western Sahara. [FBIS}
Nov. 10: Egyptian Vice President Husni Mubarak
left Cairo for Morocco on a mediation mission
between Algeria and Morocco. [FBIS}
Nov. 14: French envoy Claude Chayet resumed talks in
Algiers with Polisario Front representatives concern-
ing the release of French prisoners held by the
Polisario Front. Earlier talks had broken off the week
before. [MEED]
Petroleum Affairs
1977
Aug. 31. Arab Oil Ministers of the Organization of
Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
met in al-Ta'if, Saudi Arabia, and approved the
establishment of an OAPEC Judicial Council.
[FBIS]
Oct. 12: The Vice President of the Algerian state oil
and gas concern Sonatrach called in Vienna for a
15% increase in crude oil prices in each of the
next few years. [NYTI
Nov. 7. The Economic Commission of the Organiza-
tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
met in Vienna to prepare recommendations for the
upcoming ministerial conference in Caracas. [MEES}
Nov. 8: Saudi Arabian Oil Minister Shaykh Ahmad
Zaki Yamani began a tour of Gulf oil states. [MEES]
Following consultations between their Oil Minis-
ters, it was announced that Saudi Arabia and the UAA
had reached agreement on a common stand in oil
prices. [MEES]
Nov. 12: The New York Times cited US "Administra-
tion officials" as saying the Shih had informed the
US that Iran would not take the lead in seeking an
increase in oil prices at the next meeting of OPEC.
[NYT]
Nov. 14: Venezuelan Minister of Mines and Hydro-
carbons Valentin Hernandez completed a tour of Gulf
OPEC countries to work out strategy for the up-
coming conference. [MEES]
Afghanistan
1977
Sept. 4: Indian External Affairs Minister A. B. Vajpayee
met with President Muhammad Daud in Kabul.
[FBIS]
Sept. 12: An agreement was signed in Abiu Dhabi
whereby the Abiu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic
Development (ADFAED) would lend Afghanistan
$7.5m. [MEED}
Oct. 11: Pakistani Chief Martial Law Administrator
Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq met with President Daud at
the Presidential Palace. [FBIS}
Oct. 16: Hungarian Chairman of the Presidential
Council Pal Losonczi met with Daud in Afghanistan.
[FBIS)
Oct. 20: Foreign Minister Wahid Abdollah met with
Iraqi President Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr in Baghdad.
[FBIS]
Oct. 22: Foreign Minister Abdollah arrived in Aba
Dhabi to discuss UAA participation in the Afghan
7 year plan. [MEED}
Oct. 23: Iraqi Vice President Muhyi al-Din Ma'rif
met with Daud at the Presidential Palace. [FBIS]
Oct. 29: A cultural cooperation agreement between
the People's Republic of Mongolia and Afghanistan
was signed in Kabul. [FBIS)
Nov. 7: It was reported that Daud had appointed the
following to the Central Council:
Abdol Majid: State
Ghulam Haidar Rasuli: National Defense
Seyyed Abdol Elah: Finance
Abdol Dayyum: BorderAffairs [FBIS]
Algeria
(See also, General, Petroleum Affairs,
South Yemen, Tunisia)
1977
Sept. 21.' South Yemeni Presidential Council Chairman
Salim Rubayyi' 'Ali arrived in Algiers for talks.
[FBIS)
 CHRONOLOGY
Oct. 3: A hijacked Japan Air Lines jetliner left
Damascus and landed in Algiers where the hijackers
released all remaining hostages and surrendered.
[NYT]
Oct. 5: Algeria refused an indirect request by the
Japanese government for the return of 5 hijackers
and a $6m ransom. [NYTI
Oct. 11: Tunisian Foreign Minister Habib Chatti
ended a visit to Algiers during which he held talks
with President Houari Boumedienne. [FBIS]
Oct. 20: Yugoslavian President Tito arrived in Algiers
from Lisbon for talks with President Boumedienne.
[NYT]
Nov. 8: The West German airline Lufthansa can-
celled its round trip Frankfurt to Algeria flight be-
cause Algeria refused to let West German guards
conduct passenger security checks for people board-
ing in Algiers. [NYT}
Nov. 12: Lufthansa resumed its Algerian flight. [NYT]
Bahrayn
1977
Oct. 3: Saudi Arabian Interior Minister Prince Nayif
Ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz arrived in Bahrayn for a 4 day visit.
[MEED]
Oct. 29: Premier Shaykh Khalifah bin Salman Al
Khalifah left Manama for Paris to hold talks on
bilateral relations. [FBIS]
Oct. 31: Crown Prince and Defense Minister Shaykh
Hamad bin 'Isa Al Khalifah left Bahrayn for Saudi
Arabia. [MEED]
Cyprus
1977
Aug. 16. The Iranian newspaper Rastikhiz quoted
Turkish Cypriot leader Rauf Denkta? as saying the
time had come "to declare independence." [NYT]
Aug. 25: Cyprus called for a UN Security Council
meeting to discuss the "deteriorating situation" there.
[NYT}
Aug. 31: Acting President Spyros Kyprianou took
office as President. [NYT]
Sept. 7: The Turkish Daily News reported that Turkish
Cypriot leader Denkta? had had talks with Turkish
Premier Siileyman Demirel in Ankara. [TDN]
Sept. 15: The Security Council adopted a resolution
calling for resumption of talks on Cyprus as soon as
possible. [NYTI
Oct. 2: Greek Foreign Minister Dimitrios Bitsios met
with Turkish Foreign Minister Ihsan Sabri Ca-
glayangil in New York. The 2 leaders agreed to
49
support resumption of intercommunal talks on Cy-
prus. [NYT)
Nov. 9: The UN General Assembly voted 116 to 6 with
20 abstentions to approve a resolution calling for
a resumption of intercommunal talks in Cyprus.
[NYT}
Nov. 12: Bishop Chrysostomos of Paphos was elected
head of the Orthodox Church in Cyprus. [NYTI
Nov. 13: Archbishop Chrysostomos was ordained as
head of the Cypriot Orthodox Church and said the
church would "continue the struggle" as long as
Cypriot land remained "under foreign occupation."
[NYT)
Egypt
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, General, Iran, Jordan,
Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen)
1977
Aug. 20: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri met
with President Anwar al-Sadit in Alexandria.
[MEED)
Aug. 23: The trial of 54 members of the religious
organization Jama't al-Takfir wa al-Hijrah for their
parts in the killing of a former Cabinet Minister
began in Cairo. [NYT]
Aug. 31: President Sadat met with Somali President
Mohamed Siad Barre in Egypt. [FBIS]
Sept. 7: Coca-Cola signed an agreement with the
Egyptian Agriculture Company calling for the de-
velopment of citrus groves near Ismailia. [NYT)
The leadership of the Coptic Christian minority
met in an emergency session to study moves by
Egyptian authorities to introduce legislation that
would apply Islamic law to criminal as well as
religious offenses. [NYT)
Sept. 8: A speeding passenger train derailed, killing
40 and injuring 150 people. [NYT]
Sept. 10: Military policemen clashed with members of
the Jama'at al-Takfir wa al-Hijrah sect during the
trial. Sixteen people were injured. [NYT}
Sept. 11: Deputy Premier for Financial and Economic
Affairs 'Abd al-Mun'im al-Qaysuni left Cairo on a
week long visit to London for economic talks with
British leaders. [FBIS]
Sept. 12: Coptic Pope Shenuda III met with Premier
Mamd-uhSalim concerning the proposed legislation.
[NYTI
Sept. 14: Somali President Barre arrived in Cairo for
further talks with Sadat. [NYT)
Sept. 15: Vice President Husni Mubarak left Cairo on
a 9 nation African tour. [FBIS)
Sept. 18: The Middle East News Agency said that a
survey by the Egyptian Atomic Energy Commission
had proven the existence of large quantities of
uranium in various desert regions. [NYT}
50 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Sept. 24: President Ziaur Rahman of Bangaladesh
arrived in Cairo and met with Sadat. [FBIS}
Oct. 5: Vice President Mubirak returned to Cairo
at the end of a tour of 8 Arab states and Iran.
[FBIS]
Oct. 22: US Treasury Secretary Michael Blumenthal
arrived in Cairo for talks on economic cooperation
and met with Deputy Premier Qaysini. [FBIS]
Oct. 23: Sudanese President Numayri arrived in Cairo
to attend a joint session of the Egyptian and Sudanese
People's Assemblies. [FBIS}
Oct. 24: Egypt and Sudan convened a joint session of
their parliaments in Cairo. The meeting was attended
by 610 members of the 2 parliaments. [NYT]
Oct. 25: The Cabinet was reshuffled and the following
changes were made:
'Abd al-Mun'im al-Qaysiini: Deputy PremierforFinan-
cial & EconomicAffairs and Planning
Muhammad Hiifiz Ghinim: Deputy Premierfor Social
Developmentand Minister for Cabinet and Sudan
Affairs
Butrus Butrus Ghili: State
Nalim Mu$tafi Abui Tilib: State
'Ali al-Silmi: State
Sa'd Muhammad Ahmad: Manpower & Training
'Abd al-Sattir Mujihid: Transport, Communications
& Shipping
Muhammad Nabawi Ismil: Interior
Ahmad 'Izz al-Din Hilil: Industry, Petroleum &
Mining
Mustafi Kamil Hilmi: Education & ScientificResearch
IMEED]
Oct.26: Sidit said that Egypt would suspend repayment
of military debts to the Soviet Union in January
1978, and said a ban on cotton exports to Czecho-
slovakia and the Soviet Union would be instituted.
[MEED}
Oct. 29: The Ford Motor Company signed an agree-
ment with Egypt for a $30m joint venture to
manufacture trucks. [NYTJ
Oct. 30: Sidit met with Rumanian President Nicolae
Ceausescu near Bucharest. [NYT)
Iran
(See also, Petroleum Affairs, Cyprus, Egypt,
Kuwayt, Pakistan, Qatar)
1977
Aug. 22: Muhammad Ri;i Shih Pahlavi arrived in
Warsaw at the beginning of a state visit to Poland.
[MEED]
Aug. 31: The Shih returned to Iran at the end of a
visit to Czechoslovakia. [FBIS]
Sept. 7: US President Jimmy Carter asked Congress to
agree to the sale of $1.2 billion worth of AWACS
radar planes to Iran. [NYTI
Minister of State Muhammad Yiginah was named
Chief Oil Negotiator. [NYT)
Sept. 13: Gunmen on the French Riviera attacked a car
in which Princess Ashraf Pahlavi was riding, killing
1 person and wounding another. Princess Ashraf was
unhurt. [NYT]
Sept. 26: East German Deputy Premier Wolfgang
Rauchfuss met with Premier Jamshid-i Amuzgar in
Tehran. [MEED)
Sept. 29: An economic agreement with East Germany
was signed in Tehran. [MEED)
A fire swept through the Grand Bazaar of Tehran,
causing some deaths. [MEED]
Iran said 47 people had died in the past 6 months
from a "cholera-like" disease. [NYT}
Oct. 7: US Senate majority leader Robert Byrd urged an
immediate moratorium on arms sales to Iran. [NYT)
Oct. 16: Iran signed contracts with France for two 900
megawatt nuclear power plants and a 10 year supply
of enriched uranium fuel. [NYT}
Oct. 17: The New York Times reported that a man
convicted of killing an Iranian employee of the US
Embassy in Tehran had been executed. [NYT]
Oct.22: The government said the Shah had ordered the
release of 279 prisoners from Iranian jails to mark his
birthday. [NYT)
Oct. 27: US Treasury Secretary Michael Blumenthal
met with the Shih in Iran. [FBIS}
Oct. 30: An explosion and fire at 1 of the thermal
processing units at the Abadan refinery left 4 people
dead. [MEES)
Oct. 31: Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat met with
the Shih in Tehran. [MEED)
Nov. 1: Egyptian President Sidat met with UAA
President Shaykh Zayd bin Sultin Al Nuhayyan in
Tehran and thereafter concluded his visit to Iran.
[FBIS]
Nov. 2: UAA President Shaykh Zayd met with the
Shah in Tehran. [FBIS}
Nov. 8: Iran confirmed that it had purchased 7
AWACS planes from the US. [NYT)
Nov. 14: The Shah arrived in the US for talks with
US leaders. [NYT)
Nov. 15: The Shah met with US President Carter in
Washington. Opponents of the Shah clashed with his
supporters near the White House, leaving 1 19 people
injured. [NYT)
Iraq
(See a/so, Afghanistan, Jordan, Sudan,
Syria, Turkey)
1977
Aug. 22: Djibouti President Hassan Gouled met with
President Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr in Baghdad.
[FBIS}
Aug. 29: Minister of Labor and Social Affairs Babakr
Mahmud al-Bishdari returned to Baghdad at the end
of an 8 day visit to the Soviet Union. [FBIS]
 CHRONOLOGY 51

Sept.4: The RevolutionCommandCouncil(RCC)was

expanded:
Israel
AhmadHasanal-Bakr:Chairman
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Lebanon)
$addamnHusayn: Vice Chairman
TahaYisin Ramad,n
Sa'dunGhaydan 1977
'IzzatIbrihim
Na'lm HamidHaddad Aug. 17: Israel said it would not take part in the World
Tayih'Abd al-Karim Conference for Action against Apartheid to be held
Mu,hammad MahjiubMahdi in Nigeria. [NYT]
'Adnin Husayn'Abbas Aug. 25: Premier Menahem Begin arrived in Bucharest
Ghanim'Abdal-Jalil for talks with Rumanian leaders. [NYT)
Tihir TawfiqYusuf Sept. 7: Premier Begin met with Democratic Move-
'Abd al-FattihMuh.ammad Amin ment for Change (DMC) leader Yigael Yadin in an
Hasan'Ali al-Nasir effort to secure DMC support for the governing
Sa'dunShakirMah.mad coalition. [NYT)
Ja'farQisim Hammadi Sept. 8: Yehoshua Bension, serving a sentence for
'AbdallahFadhil'Abbis embezzelment, was released from prison. A pardon
Tiriq 'Aziz issued by President Ephraim Katzir, upon the recom-
'AdnanKhayrallihTulfih mendation of Begin, had secured the release.
HikmatMiqdamIbrahim UP]
Muhammad'AyishHamad Sept. 12: Begin defended his role in the release from
Burhanal-Din 'Abd al-Rahmin prison of Bension as a "good, humane, positive
Muhyi 'Abd al-HusaynMashhadi:SecretaryGeneral act." [JP}
[MEED] Sept. 19: The pound was devalued by 1.93% with
Sept.4: A bomb exploded in the center of Baghdad, respect to the dollar. [JP)
wounding35 people. [MEED] Sept. 24: Authorities said they were holding and
Sept. 8: The government decided to expel the First would expel 25 black American members of a "black
Secretary in the Syrian Embassy in Baghdad. Hebrew" sect who intended to settle illegally in Israel.
[FBIS} The Americans said they were Presbyterian tourists.
Sept.25: Oil MinisterTayih 'Abd al-Karimleft on a [NYT)
visit to Moscow.[MEEDJ Sept. 27: Panamanian Head of State Omar Torrijos
Sept. 28: Iraq announced a death from cholera. arrived in Israel on a 2 day visit. [JPJ
[NYT) Sept. 30: Begin was hospitalized, suffering from fatigue.
Oct. 2: The first conference of Gulf states Trade [NYT)
Ministersopened in Baghdadand 7 Arab nations Oct. 11: Begin was released from the hospital. [NYT)
attended.[FBIS] Oct. 19: The leadership of the DMC voted 14-1 to
Oct. 3: HungarianPremier Gyorgy Lazararrived in align the party with the government. [NYT)
Baghdad and met with RCC Vice Chairman Oct. 23: Finance Minister Simha Erlich announced that
Husayn.[FBIS] the government would slash subsidies on food and
Oct.15: The followingwere appointedto the Cabinet: public transportation. [NYT)
'AdnanKhayrallah Tulfih: Defense Oct. 24: The following Cabinet Ministers were con-
Sa'd Qisim Hammudi: Information and Acting firmed by the Knesset:
Minister of Culture & Arts. [MEEDI Yigael Yadin: Deputy Premier
Nov. 1: Talks between Foreign Minister Sa'd-un Meir Amit: Transport& Communication
Hammadi and Kuwayti Foreign Minister Shaykh Shmuel Tamir:Justice
Sabah al-Ahmad al-JabirAl Sabah.were held in Yisrael Katz: Labor & Social Betterment[NYT)
Baghdad.[FBIS}. US Treasury Secretary Michael Blumenthal met
Nov. 10: CanadianExternalAffairs Minister Donald with Begin in Jerusalem. [NYT)
Jamiesonsaid that Canadahad declaredthe second Oct. 25: The New York Times cited an article in
rankingdiplomatin the Iraqi Embassypersonanon Rolling Stone magazine as saying Israel had assembled
gratafor "unacceptable" spyingactivities.[NYT) a nuclear arsenal nearly 10 years before from en-
Nov. 12: A Cabinetreorganizationwas decreed: riched uranium stolen in the US and Europe and
Mukarram Jamil:Transport purchased from West Germany and France under the
'Aziz Rashid:State cover of staged hijackings. [NYT)
'Abd al-WahhibMahmud'Abdallah:Irrigation A White House spokesman said that investigations
Himid 'Alwan: State for ForeignAffairs by US government agencies had "all failed to reveal"
Hishim Hasan:State that any uranium diversions by Israel had occurred.
KarimMahmuidShintaf:Culture& Arts [FBIS] [NYT)
Oct. 26: Canadian External Affairs Minister Donald
Jamieson arrived in Israel for a 5 day visit. [JP)
52 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Oct. 28: The government abolished currency controls
and floated the pound. [NYT)
Oct. 30: Postal workers and communications tech-
nicians staged strikes to protest the economic
measures of the government. [NYT)
Oct.31: Airport, dock and factory workers went on strike
to protest the economic measures. [NYT)
Nov. 3: Thousands of workers went on strike against
the economic measures. Begin said he would not be
swayed by "Bolshevik-like tones." [NYT)
Nov. 6: Israeli trade unions announced a halt to strikes
and demonstrations. Leaders of the Histadrut pre-
pared to present their demands to the govern-
ment. [NYT]
Nov. 7: A Foreign Ministry spokesman said Israel
would adhere to a UN Security Council resolution
calling for an arms embargo against South Africa.
[NYT)
Nov. 13: Rabbi Bezalel Zolti was elected Ashkenazi
Chief Rabbi, and Rabbi Shalom Mashash Sephardi
Chief Rabbi, of Jerusalem. [JPJ
Jordan
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict,
Pakistan, Syria)
1977
Aug. 18: King Husayn arrived in London for a 2 week
private visit. [MEED]
Sept. 5: King Husayn arrived in Paris for talks with
French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing. [NYT)
Sept. 1 1: Twenty two cholera cases were reported,
raising the total number of confirmed cases to 166.
rNYT)
Oct. 2: An agreement with Saudi Arabia was signed
in Riyadh whereby $25m would be lent for port
expansion in Aqaba. [MEED)
Oct. 9: Amman DomesticServicereported that a Jordanian
student in Iraq had been executed by the Iraqi
government in September for spying and said that
Jordan had decided not to permit its citizens to en-
roll in Iraqi colleges in the future. [FBIS]
Oct. 17: Syrian Foreign Minister 'Abd al-Halim
Khaddam visited Amman for talks with King
Husayn. [MEED]
Oct. 26: Saudi Arabian Interior Minister Nayif Ibn
'Abd al-'Aziz arrived in Amman for a 5 day visit to
discuss bilateral co6peration. [MEED]
Nov. 7. King Husayn returned to Amman following a
3 day tour of Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Syria.
[FBIS)
Kuwayt
(See also, Iraq, Pakistan)
1977
Aug. 28: The government ordered the release of a
Lebanese who had hijacked a jetliner in June.
[NYT}
Aug. 29: Police arrested 1 15 Iranians when they
attempted to enter the country illegally from a cargo
ship. [MEED)
Sept. 8: The Oil Ministry announced that the price of
heavy crude would be cut by 10? a barrel. [MEED]
Sept. 16: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre arrived
in Kuwayt for talks. [FBIS)
Sept. 19: Kuwayt nationalized the American Inde-
pendent Oil Company after a deadlock in negotia-
tions with the company had been reached. {JP}
Sept. 22: The magazine Al 'Amil was suspended for 3
months for violating press laws. [FBIS]
Sept. 28: The Ministry of Health reported at least 10
cases of cholera in Kuwayt. [MEED)
Oct. 2: Amir Shaykh Sabah al-Salim Al $abih
returned to Kuwayt after a 3 month holiday in
London. [MEED]
Oct. 3: A hijacked Japan Air Lines jetliner refueled
in Kuwayt and then departed for Damascus after 7
hostages had been released. [NYT)
Oct. 12: The newspaper Al AnbX' reported that
Communications Minister Sulayman al-Zayd had sub-
mitted his resignation for health reasons. [FBIS]
Oct. 26: US Treasury Secretary Michael Blumenthal
ended a visit to Kuwayt and said his talks with
Kuwayti leaders had focused on economic ques-
tions. [MEES)
Lebanon
(See also, Kuwayt)
1977
Aug. 21: Phalanges radio reported that 10 people had
been killed while leaving a church in the town of Brih
in the Chuf region. Maronite Christians and Druzes
clashed in the town. [NYT)
Aug. 22: Syrian peacekeeping troops moved into the
Chuf region and cordoned off the village of Brih.
[NYT}
Artillery duels intensified in the south. [NYT)
Aug. 23: A joint committee of Christians and Muslims
was formed to help prevent a recurrence of fighting
in the Chuf region. [NYT)
Aug. 24: Artillery duels between Christian militiamen
and Palestinian guerrillas occurred in southern
Lebanon. [NYT)
Syrian Foreign Minister 'Abd al-Halim Khaddam
 CHRONOLOGY
met with Foreign Minister Fu'ad Butrus in Shtawrah.
[FBIS)
Aug. 25: A bomb exploded in the center of Beirut,
killing 3 people. [NYT)
A Druze leader was ambushed and killed in the
Chuf region. [NYT}
Aug. 26: Christian leaders of the Lebanese Front
gathered at Ihden to discuss "security measures"
to deal with conditions in the Chuf region. [NYT}
Renewed fighting between Christian militiamen
and Palestinian guerrillas left 4 people, including
the mayor of Bint Jubayil, dead. [NYT)
Aug. 27: Christian leaders of the Lebanese Front issued
a manifesto calling for the withdrawal of Palestinian
guerrillas from the area near the Israeli border,
criticizing Syrian peacekeeping troops and warning
that they would reconsider their support for President
Ilyas Sarkis if security conditions continued to
deteriorate. [NYT).
Aug. 31: Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) leader
Yisir 'Arafat arrived in Beirut following a 2 day visit
to the Soviet Union. [FBIS]
Sept. 2: It was reported that Israeli troops struck
across the border and seized at least 16 people from
2 Lebanese villages for questioning. Israel denied the
report. [NYT]
Sept. 3: A spokesman for the Popular Front for the
Liberation-of Palestine said that Palestinian positions
in southern Lebanon were under "heavy and con-
centrated" artillery fire from Israel. [NYT]
Sept. 9: A bomb damaged the home of a former
Information Minister near Tripoli. [NYT]
Sept. 12: Lebanon reported 2 suspected cholera deaths.
[NYT]
Sept. 13: Shelling in south Lebanon during the night
left 3 people dead. [NYT]
Sept. 14: Palestinian guerrillas reported they had re-
pulsed an attempt by Christian militia forces to
capture a strategic bridge on the Litani river.
[NYT]
Sept. 16: Heavy fighting broke out in southern
Lebanon. [NYTI
Sept. 17: Christian forces backed by Israeli artillery
and air support continued advancing on Palestinian
positions in southern Lebanon. [NYT)
Sept. 18: The Palestinian command said that heavy
casualties had been inflicted on Christian forces as
Palestinian guerrillas blunted a Christian offensive.
[NYT]
Sept. 19: Palestinian and Israeli backed Christian
forces battled in southern Lebanon. [NYT}
The New York Times reported that Israeli military
forces had been placed on alert in the north because
of the fighting in Lebanon. [NYT}
Sept. 20: It was reported that Israeli mobile units had
crossed into southern Lebanon to aid Christians in
the fighting with Palestinian guerrillas. [NYT}
Sept. 22: Christian forces shelled the town of Khiyam.
[NYT]
Sept. 23: Christian forces opened a major artillery
attack on the town of Khiyam. [NYT)
53
Rockets fired from southern Lebanon landed in the
Israeli town of Qiryat Shemona, injuring 2. [NYTI
Sept. 24: Israel said 1 Israeli soldier had been
killed and 3 wounded in a clash with Palestinian
guerrillas at the frontier with Lebanon. [NYTI
Sept. 26: Israel announced that a ceasefire in southern
Lebanon had been arranged "thanks to the good
offices of the United States." [NYT]
Israel radio reported that Israeli troops and armor
were returning to Israel from sorties made in
Lebanon. [NYT}
Rockets fired from Palestinian positions hit the
Israeli towns of Qiryat Shemona and Safed before
the ceasefire took effect. [NYT}
Oct. 5. Israeli and Palestinian forces traded artillery
fire across the border. [NYT]
US President Jimmy Carter met with Foreign
Minister Butrus in New York. [NYTI
Oct. 7: Fighting between Christian and Muslim forces
broke out in southern Lebanon. [NYT]
Oct. 9: Pope Paul VI proclaimed Sharbel Makhliuf, a
monk who had died in 1898, to be a saint.
[NYT)
Oct. 16: The Israeli Defense Ministry acknowledged
that Israeli artillery had fired into southern Lebanon
the week before. [NYT]
Oct. 28: Syrian soldiers set up roadblocks in Beirut.
[NYT]
Oct. 30: A 3 man Syrian delegation led by Foreign
Minister Khaddam arrived in Beirut and began talks
with President Ilyas Sarkis. [NYT]
Nov. 5: President Sarkis held talks with Syrian President
Hafiz al-Asad in Damascus on the situation in
southern Lebanon. [NYT]
A fishing boat with 3 men on board opened
fire on an Israeli patrol boat off northern Israel
and was sunk by return fire. [JP}
Nov. 6: Rockets fired from southern Lebanon struck
the Israeli town of Nahariya, killing 2 people.
[NYT]
PLO leader 'Arafat said Palestinian forces would
not pull out of southern Lebanon. [NYTI
Sarkis and Syrian President Asad concluded talks
in Damascus. No joint statement was issued. [NYT]
Nov. 7: Israeli Defense Minister Ezer Weizman warned
that Israel would "act intensively and quickly to re-
store quiet" if shelling from southern Lebanon
continued. [NYT]
It was reported that Israeli artillery fire had
struck villages in southwestern Lebanon during the
night. [NYT]
Nov. 8: Rockets fired on Nahariya from Lebanon
killed 1 person. [NYT}
Israeli gunners bombarded Palestinian concentra-
tions in southern Lebanon with heavy artillery fire.
[NYT]
Nov. 9: Israeli jets struck targets in and around
Tyre, killing more than 100 people and levelling 2
farm villages. [NYT]
Nov. 10: US President Carter said the "overriding
54 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
consideration is not to condemn Israel at this
point for retaliation." [NYT]
Nov. 11: Rockets from Lebanon were fired at the
settlement of Yiron but landed outside it. [NYT]
Israeli fighter bombers raided southern Lebanon,
wounding 14. [NYTI
Israeli and Palestinian forces exchanged artillery
fire. [NYT]
Nov. 14: Foreign Ministers of Arab League States
ended a 3 day meeting in Tunis, condemned Israel
for the raids on Lebanon, and called on the "great
powers" to take "all necessary measures" to stop
Israel's "aggressive acts". [NYTI
Libya
(See also, Pakistan, Tunisia)
1977
Aug. 20: Turkish Minister of Industry and Tech-
nology Okuzhan Asilturk arrived in Tripoli on a 4
day visit for talks on bilateral cooperation. [MEEDI
Aug. 23: UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim arrived
in Tripoli and met with Secretary General Mu'ammar
al-Qadhdhafi. [FBIS]
Aug. 24: Libya and Egypt began exchanging prisoners
taken during a border war between them the month
before. [NYT}
Aug. 28: A ministerial meeting between Libya and
Egypt was held in the border town of Salum.
[MEED]
Sept. 20: Tunisian Minister of National Economy
Abdelaziz Lasram arrived in Tripoli for economic
talks. [FBIS}
Sept. 25: Oil Minister 'Izz al-Din al-Mabriuk said
that the Socal and Texaco oil companies had
agreed to accept "fair compensation" for their
assets nationalized by Libya in 1973 and 1974.
[MEESI
Oct. 9. Air flights between Egypt and Libya were
resumed following a suspension of more than 2
months. [FBIS}
Oct. 27: Maltese Premier Dom Mintoff arrived in
Tripoli for talks on bilateral cooperation. [FBIS}
Nov. 1: Tunisian Foreign Minister Habib Chatti
arrived in Tripoli to discuss bilateral cooperation.
[FBIS]
Morocco
(See also, General, Tunisia)
1977
Aug. 29: Minister of Commerce Abdellatif Ghissassi met
with French officials in Paris on the dispute arising
from a French and European Economic Community
(EEC) decision to improve quotas on imports from
countries outside the EEC. [MEED]
Sept. 2: Princess Lalla Nouzha, sister of King Hasan,
was killed in an automobile accident. [NYT]
Sept. 13: Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Ahmed
Laraki met with US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance
in Washington. [FBIS}
Sept. 20: Mauritanian President Moktar Ould Daddah
met with King Hasan in Ifrane. [FBIS]
Sept. 21: Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd arrived
in Fez on a private visit. [FBIS]
Sept. 29: Senegalese President Leopold Sedar Senghor
met with King Hasan in Ifrane. [FBIS}
Oct. 5: King Hasan dismissed the Cabinet and asked
Premier Ahmed Osman to form a new one. [MEED]
Oct. 10. A new government was announced:
Ahmed Osman: Premier
Mohamed Boucetta: State for Foreign Affairs &
Cooperation
Mohamed Bahnini: State for Cultural Affairs
Mahjoubi Aherdane: State for Post, Telegraph &
Telephone
Mohamed Benhima: State for Interior
Maati Bouabid: Justice
Mohamed Douiri: Equipmentand National Revival
Abdellatif Ghissassi: Finance
Mustapha Faris:Agricultureand Agrarian Reform
Mohamed Larbi Khattabi: Information
Ahmed Ramzi: Religious Endowments & Islamic
Affairs
Mohamed Bouamoud: Labor & VocationalTraining
Mohamed Benyakhlef: AdministrativeAffairs
Mohamed Haddou Chiguer: Relationswith Parliament
Azzedine Laraki: National Education and Cadre
Training
Abdelhafid Kadiri: Youth & Sports
Abbes El Fassi: Housing & National Territory
Abdallah Gharnit: Social Affairs & Handicraft
Mohamed Nacer: Transportation
Abdelkamel Reghay: Trade & Industry
Rahhal Rahhali: Health
Moussa Saadi: Energy & Mineral Resources
Ben Ali Mansouri: Tourism
Abbes Kissi: SecretaryGeneral
Taieb Bencheikh: Secretary of State to Premier in
Charge of Planning
Abdeslem Znined: Secretary of State to Premier in
Charge of GeneralAffairs
Driss Basri: Secretaryof State for Interior
Osman Slimani: Secretary of State to Premier in
Charge of EconomicAffairs
Abderahman Baddou: Secretaryof State for Foreign
Affairs
Said Benbachir: Secretaryof Statefor Higher Education
Abdelhak Tazi: Secretaryof State for Cadre Training
[FBIS]
Oct. 12. Tunisian Foreign Minister Habib Chatti
met with King Hasan at the Royal Court. [FBIS}
Oct. 14: King Hasan presided over the opening
session of parliament. [FBIS}
 CHRONOLOGY
Oman
1977
Sept. 1: The Ministry of Health assumed responsibility
for the health care of the desert and mountain
regions of Dhofar province. [MEEDI
Oct. 15: An economic cooperation agreement with
West Germany was signed. [MEED}
Pakistan
(See also, Afghanistan, Turkey,
United Arab Amirates)
1977
Aug. 20: The New York Times reported that the
military government had lifted curbs on radio and
television reportage. [NYT}
Aug. 28: Bangaladesh Foreign Secretary Tabarak
Hussain met with Chief Martial Law Administrator
Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq in Rawalpindi. [FBIS}
Sept.3: Former Premier Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was arrested
on charges for having conspired to murder a political
opponent in 1974. [NYTI
Sept. 5: Federal investigators said Former Premier
Bhutto had been accused of having ordered a second
political murder, but it was not known whether
formal charges would be brought. [NYT}
Sept. 6: French Foreign Minister Louis de Guiringaud
met with Foreign Minister Agha Shahi in Paris and
confirmed that France would sell a nuclear fuel re-
processing plant to Pakistan. [NYT}
Sept. 9: The US and Pakistan agreed to trade informa-
tion about possible illegal activities by the Lockheed
Aircraft Corporation and the Boeing Company in
Pakistan. [NYT]
Sept. 11: Chief Martial Law Administrator Zia-ul-Haq
returned to Pakistan at the end of a visit to Saudi
Arabia. [FBIS}
Sept. 15: The government ended a 6 year state of emer-
gency and cut jail terms of all prisoners by 2
months. [NYT]
Zia-ul-Haq ended a visit to Iran during which he
held talks with the Shah. [FBISJ
Sept. 17: Bhutto and 4 former Cabinet ministers
were arrested under martial law. [NYTI
Sept. 19: Nusrat Bhutto, the wife of the former
Premier, became temporary leader of the Pakistan
People's Party. [NYTI
Sept. 20: The Supreme Court agreed to hear a petition
challenging the detention of Bhutto under martial
law. [NYTI
Sept. 22: Zia-ul-Haq ousted Supreme Court Chief
Justice Yakub Ali Khan. [NYT]
Sept. 29: The military government arrested Bhutto's
daughter and warned his wife against making provoca-
tive statements. [NYT}
55
Oct. 1: Zia-ul-Haq canceled the scheduled parlia-
mentary elections and extended martial law rule
indefinitely. [NYTI
Oct. 9: Leaders of the Pakistan National Alliance
(PNA) urged Zia-ul-Haq to set a definite time-
table for a return to democratic government in
Pakistan. [NYT]
Oct. 11: Bhutto was formally charged with plotting to
murder a political opponent. He pleaded not guilty.
LNYT)
Oct. 25: Police arrested 12 members of the Pakistan
People's Party for having taken part in a demon-
stration demanding the release of Bhutto. [NYT]
Oct. 30: Zia-ul-Haq left Rawalpindi on a tour that
would take him to Kuwayt, Turkey, Libya and
Jordan. [FBISJ
Qatar
1977
Aug. 16: Ugandan Finance Minister Musa Ali arrived
in Doha for a 3 day visit. [MEED]
Sept. 20: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre met
with the Amir Shaykh Khalifah bin Hamad Al
Thini in Doha. [FBIS]
Oct. 8: Minister of Labor 'Ali bin Ahmad al-
Ansari began a 7 day visit to Iran. [MEED]
Oct. 13: Indonesian President Suharto left Doha for
Abiu Dhabi following a 1 day visit to Qatar.
[FBIS]
Oct. 14: Ruler Shaykh Khalifah left Doha for a 2 week
private visit to France. [FBIS)
Oct. 22: A cultural and technical cooperation agree-
ment between Qatar and France was signed in Doha.
[FBIS}
Oct. 26: Shaykh Khalifah met with French President
Val6ry Giscard d'Estaing in Paris. [MEED]
Saudi Arabia
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Petroleum Affairs,
Bahrayn, Jordan, Morocco, Pakistan, Syria)
1977
Sept. 14: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre left
al-Th'if at the end of a 1 day visit during which he
had held talks with King Khalid. [FBIS]
Sept. 20: Somali President Barre met with King
Khalid in al-Th'if. [FBIS]
Sept. 25: British Defense Secretary Fred Mulley ended
a 6 day visit to Saudi Arabia. [FBIS]
Sept. 26: Saudi Arabia announced measures to prevent
the spread of cholera during the upcoming pilgrimage
to Mecca. [NYT]
Oct. 23: Spanish King Juan Carlos arrived in Riyadh
for a 4 day visit. [MEED]
56 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Oct. 25: Foreign Minister Prince Sa'iid al-Fay~al met
with US President Jimmy Carter in Washington.
[MEED]
Oct. 28: US Treasury Secretary Michael Blumenthal
met with King Khalid and Crown Prince Fahd during
a trip to Saudi Arabia. [FBISJ
Oct. 30: A solar energy agreement between Saudi
Arabia and the US was signed. [FBIS]
Nov. 2: Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat met with
King Khalid and Crown Prince Fahd in Saudi Arabia.
[FBIS]
Foreign Minister Prince Sa'ud arrived in Riyadh
following a 14 day visit to the US and France.
[FBIS]
South Yemen
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Algeria, Yemen)
1977
Sept. 12: A delegation led by Minister of Communica-
tions Haydar Abu Bakr al-'Atas arrived in Moscow for
talks on economic and technical co6peration.
[MEED}
Sept. 16: South Yemeni President Salim Rubayyi' 'Ali
met with an Ethiopian delegation led by the Ethiopian
Minister of Trade. [FBIS]
Sept. 23: Chairman of the Presidential Council 'Ali
ended a trip to Algeria and left for Havana for
talks with Cuban leaders. [FBIS]
Oct. 16: East German National Defense Minister Heinz
Hoffman arrived in Aden for talks. [MEEDI
Oct. 21: South Yemen and the Philippines agreed
to establish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial
level. [FBIS]
Oct. 24: 'Ali issued a decree abolishing the Ministry
of Housing, creating 2 new ministries and making the
following appointments:
Mahmuid'Abdallah 'Ushaysh: Communications
Ahmad Salim 'Ubayd: Information
'Ali Ahmad Nasir 'Antar: Defense
Haydar Abu Bakr al-'Atas:Installations(new ministry)
Muhammad Salim 'Akk-ush: Fish Resources (new
mlnistry)
'Abdallah Ahmad Bakir: Health [FBIS]
Nov. 2: Foreign Minister Muhammad Slih Muti' visited
Mogadishu, Somalia. [MEED]
Sudan
(See also, Egypt)
1977
Aug. 20: A US military mission ended more than
2 weeks of talks in Sudan to determine Sudanese
arms requirements. [NYT]
Aug. 24: Yemeni Foreign Minister 'Abdallah al-
Asnaj arrived in Khart-um for talks on Red Sea
security. [FBISJ
Sept. 10: President Ja'far al-Numayri reshuffled the
Cabinet and the following changes were made:
Ja'far al-Numayri: Premierand Finance & Economy
Al-Rashid al-Tahir Bakr: Vice President and Foreign
Affairs
Bashir 'Abbadi: Industry
Yah.ya 'Abd al-Majid: Irrigation & Hydroelectric
Power
Mu'awiyah Abu Bakr: Construction& Public Works
'Abd al-Rahman 'Abdallah: Transport & Communica-
tions [MEED]
Sept. 27: Former Premier Sadiq al-Mahdi returned
to Khartum after an exile of 7 years. [MEED]
Oct. 21: An economic agreement with Iraq was signed
in Baghdad. [MEED]
Syria
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon,
United Arab Amirates)
1977
Sept. 2: Ethiopia charged that Syrian and Iraqi troops
had joined Somalia in the Ogaden war. [NYT)
Sept. 3: The Syrian and Jordanian Health Ministers
agreed on joint measures to control cholera.
[NYT)
Sept. 15: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre arrived
in Damascus from Egypt for talks with President
Hafiz al-Asad. [FBIS]
Sept. 17: The Health Ministry reported that the
number of cholera cases in the country had risen
to "about 3,000, including 71 dead." [NYT]
Oct. 17: Saudi Arabian Second Deputy Premier Prince
'Abdallah Ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz ended a 5 day visit to
Syria during which he held talks with President
Asad. [MEED]
Oct. 22. An economic cooperation agreement with
India was signed in Damascus. [MEED]
Oct. 26: Syria accused Iraq of having planned an
attempted assassination on Foreign Minister 'Abd
al-Halim Khaddam in the UAA. Iraq charged that
Syrian agents had set off a bomb in Baghdad.
[NYTI
Nov. 2: Jordanian King Husayn arrived in Damascus
and was met by Asad. [FBIS]
Damascus radio said that Iraqi agents had assas-
sinated a Syrian agricultural researcher, who was a
district leader of the Ba'th Socialist Party, the day
before. [NYT]
 CHRONOLOGY
Tunisia
(See also, Algeria, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco)
1977
Aug. 19: Former Finance Minister Ahmad Ben-Salah,
leader of the Popular Unity Movement, was sentenced
in absentia by the state security court to 8 years
in prison. [MEED}
Sept. 1: The Swiss Human Rights League accused Tunisia
of violations of human rights, including torture of
political prisoners. [NYTI
Oct. 3: Former Interior Minister Ahmad Mestiri met
with President Habib Bourguiba and proposed a
national unity pact. [MEED}
Oct. 9: Premier Hedi Nouira held talks in Athens with
Greek Premier Constantine Karamanlis. [MEED}
Oct. 15: Foreign Minister Habib Chatti returned to
Tunisia from a mission to Algeria, Morocco and
Mauritania. [MEEDI
Oct. 18: A Libyan economic delegation led by
Secretary for Trade Abju Bakr Sharif arrived in
Tunis. [MEED}
Turkey
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict,
Cyprus, Libya, Pakistan)
1977
Aug. 19: Gunmen in Ankara killed a student affiliated
with rightist causes. [NYT]
Aug. 29. Energy and National Resources Minister
Kamran Inan returned to Ankara following talks
in Baghdad on oil matters. [MEEDI
Sept. 8: The government increased the prices of basic
goods and services by large margins. Regular gasoline
prices were raised more than 96%. [NYTI
Sept. 21: The lira was devalued by 10% against the
US dollar. [MEED]
Sept. 29: The Ministry of Health reported 5 cases of
cholera in the southeast. [MEED]
Oct. 5: An earthquake struck central and northern
Turkey, but there were no reports of injuries.
[NYT]
Oct. 13: An International Monetary Fund delegation
arrived in Ankara for financial talks with Turkish
leaders. [TDN]
Oct. 14: Defense Minister Sadettin Bilgis, submitted
his resignation to Premier Siileyman Demirel.
[TDN}
Oct. 28. Premier Demirel made the following appoint-
ments:
Turhan Karpanli: Defense
Ali $evki Erek: Sports [TDN}
57
Nov. 2: Pakistani Chief Martial Law Administrator
Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq ended a visit to Turkey.
[TDN}
United Arab Amirates
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Petroleum Affairs,
Afghanistan, Iran, Qatar, Syria)
1977
Sept. 19: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre met
with President Shaykh Zayd bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan
in Abu Dhabi. [FBIS)
Oct. 8: Pakistani Chief Martial Law Administrator
Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq arrived in Abu Dhabi for
a 2 day official visit. [FBIS]
Oct. 24: Syrian Foreign Minister 'Abd al-Halim Khad-
dam arrived in Abiu Dhabi for talks with UAA
leaders. [FBISJ
Oct. 25: Minister of State Sayf bin Sa'id al-Ghubash
was killed by a gunman who was attempting to
assassinate Syrian Foreign Minister Khaddam. Khad-
dam escaped unhurt. [NYT)
Oct.29: The Supreme Federal Council met in emergency
session to discuss the investigation into the assassina-
tion of Minister of State Ghubash. [FBIS]
Oct. 31: President Shaykh Zayd issued 3 decrees
replacing the members of the Abu Dhabi National
Consultative Council and calling the new Council to
meet the following day. [FBIS]
Nov. 9: Rashid 'Abdallah al-Nu'aymi was appointed
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs. [FBIS}
Yemen
(See also, Sudan)
1977
Aug. 23: South Yemeni Foreign Minister Muhammad
Salih Muti' met with Command Council Chairman
Ibrahim al-Hamd1. [FBIS}
Sept. 8: Foreign Minister 'Abdallah al-Asnaj was taken
to a hospital in Cairo after suffering a heart attack.
[MEEDI
Sept. 21: Egyptian Vice President Husni Mubarak ar-
rived in San'a and met with Command Council
Chairman Hamdi. [FBISJ
Sept. 25: The Kuwayti newspaper Al Siycisah reported
that an agreement had been reached between
Hamdi and former Advisory Council Chairman
Shaykh 'Abdallah al-Ahmar to end hostilities that had
broken out some months before. [FBIS]
58 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

Oct. 11: Hamdi, his brother and an armored corps com-
mander were assassinated. [FBIS]
The Command Council met and decided on its
composition as follows:
Ahmad Husayn al-Ghashmi: Chairman and Armed
ForcesCommanderin Chief
'Abd al-'Aziz 'Abd al-Ghani: Member
'Abdallih 'Abd al-'Alim: Member[FBIS}
Oct. 12: The Command Council issued a statement
charging the Cabinet to continue in office under
Premier'Abd al-'Aziz 'Abd al-Ghani. [FBIS]
Oct. 13: Command Council Chairman Ghashmi met
with South Yemeni Presidential Council Chair-
man Silim Rubayyi' 'Al in $an'X. [FBIS]
Oct. 22: The Emirates News Agency cited a Yemeni
envoy as saying an army officer had been killed
when he tried to assassinate Ghashmi in San'i'
earlier in the week. [EG}

STATEMENTOF OWNERSHIP,MANAGEMENTAND ActualNo.

CIRCULATION (ActofAugust12, 1970:Section3685. Title39, AverageNo. of Copiesof
UnitedStatesCode). CopiesEach SingleIssue
1. Titleof Publication: THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL IssueDuring Published
2. Date of Filing October 1, 1977 Preceding Nearestto
3. Frequency of Issue:Quarterly. 12 Months FilingDate
4. Location ofKnownOfficeofPublication: 1761 N Street,NW, A. Total no. copies printed (Net
Washington,D.C. 20036. PressRun) .................. 4,824 4,814
5. Locationof Headquarters or GeneralBusinessOfficesof the B. Paidcirculation
Publishers:Same. 1. Sales through dealers and
6. Namesand Addresses of Publisher,Editor,and Managing carriers,street vendors and
Editor:Publisher: The MiddleEastInstitute,1761 N St., NW, countersales.
Washington,D.C. 20036. Editor:WilliamSands, 1763 N St., 2. Mailsubscriptions ......... 4,420 4,491
NW, Washington, D.C. 20036. ManagingEditor:KathleenH. B. C. Total paid circulation(Sumof
Manalo,7025 EnterpriseAve., McLean,VA 22101. JOBIand 1OB2) 4,420 4,491
7. Owner(Ifownedbya corporation, its nameandaddressmustbe C. Freedistributionby mail,carrier
statedand alsoimmediately thereunder the namesand addresses of or othermeanssamples,compli-
stockholdersowningor holding1 percentor moreof totalamountof mentary,and other free copies 7 2
stock.If notownedbya corporation, the namesandaddresses of the E. Total distribution(Sum of C
individualownersmustbegiven.If ownedbya partnership orother and D) 4,427 4,493
unincorporated firm,its nameand address,as wellas that of each F. Copiesnot distributed
individualmustbe given.)The Middle East Institute, 1761 N 1. Office use, left over, un-
Street,NW, Washington,D.C. 20036. accounted, spoiled after
8. KnownBondholders, Mortgagees, and OtherSecurityHolders printing 397 321
owningor holdingI percentor moreof total amountof bonds, 2. Returnsfrom news agents
mortgages or othersecurities(If thereare none,so state).None. G. Total (Sumof E, Fl and 2-
9. The purpose,function,andnonprofitstatusof thisorganiza- equalnetpressrunshownin A) 4,824 4,814
tion andthe exemptstatusfor Federalincometaxpurposeshave 11. I certifythatthe statementsmadeby me abovearecorrect
not changedduringpreceding12 months. and complete.
10. Extentand natureof circulation. KATHLEEN H. B. MANALO