1

Bmjv‡g nv`x‡Qi ¸i“Z¡ I gh©v`v

kvqL gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx

Abyev` : b~i“j Bmjvg
we.G. Abvm© (dv÷© K¬vm dv÷©, d¨vKvwë dv÷©)
Gg.G. (dv÷© K¬vm dv÷©)

k¨vgjevsjv GKv‡Wgx, ivRkvnx

2

Bmjv‡g nv`x‡Qi ¸i“Z¡ I gh©v`v

b~i“j Bmjvg
cÖKvkbvq :
k¨vgjevsjv GKv‡Wgx
bI`vcvov, mcyiv, ivRkvnx
GmweG cÖKvkbv-5
cÖKvkKvj :
†deª“qvix 2012
gvN 1418
iexDj AvEqvj 1433
me©¯^Z¡ :
†jL‡Ki
K‡¤úvR :
gynv¤§v` mvBdzj Bmjvg
I nv‡kg †iRv
cÖ”Q` :
Avj-Rvgx
mycviKg wi‡jkb
†Mvinv½v, ivRkvnx
gy`ªY :
ˆekvLx †cÖm
†Mvinv½v, ivRkvnx
g~j¨ : 20 (wek) UvKv gvÎ

ISLAME HADEETHER GURUTTO O MORZADA (The

Importance of Hadeeth and Its Dignity In Islam) Written by Sheikh
Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani and Translated by Nurul Islam. 1st
edition : February 2012. Published by Shamolbangla Academy,
Rajshahi. Price : Tk. 20 (Twenty) & US $ 1 (One) Only.

ISBN : 978-984-33-4901-9
 3

m~wPcÎ
Abyev`‡Ki wb‡e`b 4
†jLK cwiwPwZ 5
f~wgKv 9
Bmjv‡g nv`x‡Qi gh©v`v 10
KziAv‡bi mv‡_ nv`x‡Qi m¤úK© 11
KziAvb eySvi Rb¨ nv`x‡Qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I Zvi KwZcq D`vniY 12
Avn‡j KziAv‡bi åóZv 16
KziAvb eySvi Rb¨ Aviex fvlv RvbvB h‡_ó bq 19
GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mZKx©KiY 21
BRwZnv` m¤úwK©Z gyÔAvh (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi
`ye©jZv I Zvi g›` w`K 23
4
wemwgj−vwni ingvwbi inxg

Abyev`‡Ki wb‡e`b
Bmjvg GKwU c~Y©v½ Rxebv`k©| Gi wkKo †cÖvw_Z i‡q‡Q Avj−vn †cÖwiZ ÔAwnÕi
g‡a¨| Awn `yÕcÖKvi| 1. cwVZ Awn (  ) Z_v Avj-KziAvb 2. AcwVZ Awn
(   ) Z_v nv`xQ| G `yÕwUi m¤úK© Awe‡”Q`¨| KziAvb gvRx` †hb Bmjvgx
kixÔAv‡Zi `xwßgvb cÖ`xc, Avi nv`xQ Zvi we”QzwiZ Av‡jvi eb¨v| Av‡jvnxb cÖ`xc
†hgb, nv`xQ Qvov KziAvb gvRx`I †Zgb| Bmjvgiƒc gnxi“‡ni g~j I KvÊ KziAvb,
Avi nv`xQ Zvi cÖw¶ß kvLv-cÖkvLv| kvLv-cÖkvLv I cÎ-cj−e Qvov †hgb e„¶ Zvi
Aw¯—Z¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i bv, †Zgwb nv`xQ QvovI KziAvbx weavb h_v_©iƒ‡c
ev¯—evwqZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Bmjvgx Rxebv`‡k©i ürwcÊ KziAvb gvRx`, Avi nv`xQ Zvi
mv‡_ mshy³ agbx| †hwU cÖwZwbqZ ZvRvZß †kvwYZaviv cÖevwnZ K‡i Bmjvgiƒc
†`nh‡š¿i cÖwZwU A½-cÖZ¨½‡K mÄxweZ, m‡ZR I Kvh©Ki ivL‡Z Amxg f~wgKv cvjb
Ki‡Q|
Bmjv‡g nv`x‡Qi ¸i“Z¡ I gh©v`v Ab¯^xKvh©| KziAvb gvRx‡` Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Zi
†gŠj bxwZgvjv wea„Z n‡q‡Q msw¶ßvKv‡i, Avi nv`x‡Q i‡q‡Q Zvi we¯—vwiZ e¨vL¨v|
hv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi K‡cvjKwíZ †Kvb evYx bq; eis Zv Avj−vn&i c¶ n‡Z †cÖwiZ
ÔAwnÕ| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, Ôivm~j Zuvi B”QvgZ wKQz e‡jb bv, hZ¶Y bv Zuvi wbK‡U
Awn bvwhj nZÕ (bvRg 3-4)| ÔAvwg Avgvi cÖwZ hv Awn Kiv nq †Kej ZviB AbymiY
KwiÕ (AvnKvd 9)|
gywgb I Kvwd‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©‡K¨i gvb`Ê nj nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ wek¦vm| ivm~jyjv− n (Qvt)
e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h e¨w³ gynv¤§v‡`i AvbyMZ¨ Kij, †m Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Kij| Avi †h
e¨w³ gynv¤§v‡`i Aeva¨Zv Kij, †m Avj−vn&i Aeva¨Zv Kij| gynv¤§v` n‡jb †jvK‡`i
g‡a¨ cv_©K¨KvixÕ|1 Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z nv`x‡Qi Giƒc ¸i“Z¡ †KejgvÎ Qnxn nv`x‡Qi
†¶‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨| †Kvb hCd-Rvj I ev‡bvqvU nv`x‡Qi †¶‡Î bq|
AvaywbK hy‡Mi wek¦e‡iY¨ nv`xQ wekvi` kvqL gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (1914-
1999) msw¶ßvKv‡i Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z nv`x‡Qi ¸i“Z¡ I gh©v`v Zy‡j a‡i‡Qb Zuvi
ÔgvbwhjvZzm mybœvn wdj Bmjvg Iqv evqvby Avbœvû jv qymZvMbv Avbnv wej KziAvbÕ
(     ! "#$%& ' (& ()) bvgK †QvÆ cyw¯—Kvq|
cyw¯—KvwUi K‡jei †QvU n‡jI Gi Bjgx g~j¨ Acwimxg| G MÖš’ cv‡V AvaywbK e¨¯—
cvVK Bmjv‡g nv`x‡Qi ¸i“Z¡ I gh©v`v mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb e‡j Avgv‡`i `„p
wek¦vm| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv G MÖ‡š’i †jLK I Abyev`K‡K DËg cÖwZ`vb `vb Ki“b|
Avgxb!!

1. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 7281, ÔKziAvb I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-2; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs
144, ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq, ÔKziAvb I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`|
 5

†jLK cwiwPwZ
bvg I Rb¥ : bvg- gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb, Dcbvg- Ave~ Avwãi ingvb, wcZvi bvg- b~n
bvRvZx| eskcwiµgv nj- gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb web b~n bvRvZx web Av`g Avj-
Avjevbx| wZwb 1332 wnRix †gvZv‡eK 1914 wLª÷v‡ã Avj‡ewbqvi cÖv³b ivRavbx
ÔDkK~`vivnÕ (*+,--.) bMix‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
ˆkke : GK `wi`ª avwg©K cwiev‡i Avjevbxi ˆkke Kv‡U| Zuvi evev b~n bvRvZx
GKRb eo gv‡ci nvbvdx Av‡jg wQ‡jb| kvqL Avjevbx wcZv m¤ú‡K© wb‡RB
e‡j‡Qb, 7 :;<& ; => ? / 0+1& 2 (34 56 7 89&
.=6A =?@# ÔAvgvi evev we‡klfv‡e AvibvEZx‡`i (Avj‡ebxq I mve©
Rb‡Mvôx) g‡a¨ nvbvdx wdKn m¤ú‡K© me‡P‡q weÁ wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb Zv‡`i
wbf©iZvi cÖZxKÕ| wZwb Zzi‡¯‹i ivRavbx B¯—v¤^yj †_‡K dv‡iM n‡q Øx‡bi wL`g‡Zi
gvb‡m wbR †`k Avj‡ewbqvq wd‡i Av‡mb| Zuvi Kv‡Q †`‡ki wewfbœ cÖvš— †_‡K
†jvKRb kviC Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨ AvmZ| Zuvi Qv·`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jb cÖL¨vZ
gynvw°K kvqL ïÔAvBe AvibvEZ|
wmwiqvq wnRiZ : Avj‡ewbqvi KwgDwb÷ kvmK Avngv` h~M~ ( C 9D)-Gi
kvmbvg‡j †mLv‡b Bmjv‡gi Dci KzVvivNvZ †b‡g Av‡m| wZwb Zzi‡¯‹i Kvgvj
AvZvZz‡K©i g‡Zv Avj‡ewbqvq bvix‡`i †eviKv civ wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ib Ges †`k‡K
BD‡ivcxq auv‡P M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ BD‡ivcxq Uzwc (Hat) cwiavb eva¨Zvg~jK
K‡ib| kvqL Avjevbxi evev H mgq ¯’vbxq GKwU gmwR‡`i Bgvg wQ‡jb| wZwb
†`‡ki mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK I ˆbwZK Ae¯’vi µgAebwZ j¶¨ K‡i Øxb i¶v‡_©
wmwiqvq wnRiZ K‡ib| ZLb Avjevbxi eqm wQj gvÎ 9 eQi|
wk¶v Rxeb : wmwiqvq wnRi‡Zi ci Avjevbx‡K Zuvi evev ÔRvgCq¨vZzj BmÔAvd
Avj-LvqixÕ (`vZe¨ G¤^y‡jÝ ms¯’v) bv‡g GKwU †emiKvix gv`ivmvq fwZ© K‡i †`b|
cÖv_wgK ¯—‡ii Ab¨vb¨ Qv·`i Zzjbvq Avjevbxi eqm †ewk nIqvq wZwb GK eQ‡iB
1g I 2q †kªYx †kl K‡i 4 eQ‡i K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cÖv_wgK wk¶v mgvß K‡ib|
BwZc~‡e© Aviex eY©gvjv bv wPb‡jI G gv`ivmvq wZwb Aviex fvlv wk‡Lb| Gici
Zuvi wbqgZvwš¿K cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v Avi G‡Mvqwb| Gi KviY m¤ú‡K© wZwb GK
mv¶vrKv‡i e‡j‡Qb,
 F7 G1 :H@  I :(!J<& K+&9L& ' 8& MN$ 7 O& D+ 89&E
($+9 P4,  HQ :(!<& R SJT& UV WX ?  V (6T& R K+9Y
.+$ ' QZ ([& ? F7 \& #[ ]!^&
ÔmiKvix gv`ivmv¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi evevi (int) aviYv wQj LyeB Lvivc| Ggb
aviYv _vKvUvI Zuvi Rb¨ msMZ wQj| KviY H gv`ivmv¸‡jv‡Z bvgKvIqv‡¯—
6
kixÔAvn wk¶v †`qv nZ| †mRb¨ wZwb Avgv‡K Ôgv`ivmvZzZ ZvRnxhÕ-G fwZ©
K‡ibwb, †hwU wmwiqvq †m mgq D”P gva¨wgK ¯—i wQjÕ|
Gi GKUv KviY GUvI n‡Z cv‡i †h, evev PvB‡Zb Zvi mš—vb nvbvdx wdK‡n
ey¨rcwË jvf Ki“K| wKš‘ wmwiqvq ZLb nvbvdx wdKn covi Rb¨ D”P gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii
†Kvb fvj agx©q wk¶v cÖwZôvb wQj bv| †mRb¨ wZwb evwo‡ZB Zvi mš—vb‡K ZvRex`
mn KziAvb gyL¯’ Kivb| cvkvcvwk bvû, Qid I nvbvdx wdKn ÔgyLZvQvi“j Kz`~ixÕ
covb| ZvQvov G mgq Avjevbx gynv¤§v` mvC` eyinvbx bv‡g GK nvbvdx Q~dx
wk¶‡Ki wbKU nvbvdx wdKn ÔgvivwKj dvjvnÕ, Aviex e¨vKi‡Yi Ôïh~i“h hvnveÕ I
evjvMv‡Zi KwZcq AvaywbK MÖš’ cvV K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z wZwb wmwiqvi cÖL¨vZ mvjvdx
weØvb gynv¤§v` evnRvZzj evqZv‡ii (1894-1976) `i‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡Zb| wZwb
Av‡j‡àvi L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏQ I HwZnvwmK gynv¤§v` iv‡Me AvZ-ZveŸv‡Li wbKU †_‡K
nv`x‡Qi ÔBRvhvZÕ ev mb` jvf K‡ib|
Bj‡g nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ g‡bvwb‡ek : evj¨Kvj †_‡KB covi cÖwZ Avjevbxi †SuvK wQj
cÖej| G mgq wZwb Aviex wK”Qv-Kvwnbx, BD‡ivcxq †Mv‡q›`v Kvwnbx I BwZnv‡mi
wewfbœ eB co‡Zb| evevi mv‡_ Nwoi †`vKv‡b KvR Kivi mgq my‡hvM †c‡jB wZwb
`v‡gk‡Ki DgvBqv gmwR‡` `i‡m em‡Zb| G gmwR‡`i cwðg †M‡Ui mwbœK‡U Avjx
wgmix bvgK GKRb e¨w³i cyivZb eB I cwÎKv wewµi †`vKvb wQj| wZwb †mLv‡b
cÖvqB †h‡Zb Ges cQ›`bxq eB covi Rb¨ avi wb‡q Avm‡Zb| GKw`b L¨vZbvgv
wgmixq weØvb mvBwq` ikx` wihv (1865-1935) m¤úvw`Z ÔAvj-gvbviÕ cwÎKvwU
Zuvi †MvPixf~Z nq| †mLv‡b wZwb Bgvg Mvhvjxi ÔBn&BqvD Dj~wgÏxbÕ MÖ‡š’i Dci
GKwU mgv‡jvPbvg~jK cÖeÜ †`L‡Z cvb| wZwb cwÎKvwU wb‡q wM‡q †MvUv cÖeÜwU
c‡ob| D³ cÖe‡Ü nv‡dh hvqbyÏxb BivKx wjwLZ ÔAvj-gyMbx Avb nvgwjj Avmdvi
wdj Avmdvi dx ZvLix‡R gv wdj Bn&Bqv wgbvj AvLeviÕ-Gi D‡j−L †`L‡Z †c‡q
†mwU msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ evRv‡ii eB‡qi †`vKvb¸‡jv‡Z Zuvi fvlvq Ôw`‡knviv †cÖwg‡Ki
b¨vqÕ ( _& I.67) Nyi‡Z _v‡Kb| Ae‡k‡l GK †`vKv‡b 4 L‡Ê gyw`ªZ cig
Kvw•LZ MÖš’wU †c‡q hvb| wKš‘ wKb‡Z AcviM nIqvq wZwb eBwU covi Rb¨ avi
†bb| wZwb MÖš’wU‡K bKj K‡i 3 L‡Ê `yB nvhvi 12 c„ôvq myweb¨¯— K‡ib| ZLb Zuvi
eqm wQj gvÎ 17/18 eQi| Gfv‡e mvBwq` ikx` wihvi H cÖeÜ cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Zuvi
Aš—‡i Qnxn-hCd nv`xQ hvPvB-evQvB‡qi GK Bjvnx Aby‡cÖiYv m„wó nq| nv`x‡Qi
cÖwZ mš—v‡bi Awbt‡kl AvMÖn j¶¨ K‡i wcZv wUàbx †K‡U cÖvqkB ej‡Zb, =
a!;L& (63 `9<& ÔBj‡g nv`xQ `wi`ª‡`i †ckvÕ|
µ‡gB nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ kvqL Avjevbxi AvMÖn Av‡iv e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| wZwb Zuvi
RxweKvi Rb¨ g½jevi I ïµevi e¨ZxZ mßv‡ni evKx w`b¸‡jv‡Z gvÎ wZb NÈv
Nwo †givg‡Z e¨q Ki‡Zb| evKx mgq e¨q nZ Ávb AR©b I MÖš’ cÖYq‡b| wZwb
nv`x‡Qi gyw`ªZ MÖš’vejx I `yj©f cvÊywjwc Aa¨q‡bi Rb¨ `v‡gk‡Ki mycvÖ Pxb hv‡nwiqv
jvB‡eªix‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K w`b 6/8 NÈv wbqwgZ covïbv Ki‡Zb| KL‡bv KL‡bv 12 NÈv
 7
Aewa PjZ wbiew”Qbœ M‡elYv| A‡bK mgq jvB‡eªixi wmuwo‡Z `uvwo‡qB NÈvi ci
NÈv Aa¨q‡b †K‡U †hZ| KZ©„c¶ Zuvi covi Rb¨ jvB‡eªixi GKwU K¶ eivÏ K‡ib
Ges mve©¶wYK DcK…Z nIqvi Rb¨ jvB‡eªixi GKwU Pvwe Zuv‡K cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwb
Beby Avwe` `ybqvi Ôhv¤§yj gvjvnxÕ MÖ‡š’i cvÊywjwci webó n‡q hvIqv GKwU c„ôv
D×v‡ii Rb¨ D³ jvB‡eªixi cÖvq 10 nvhvi cvÊywjwc Aa¨qb K‡ib|
`vIqvZ I mgvR ms¯‹vi : kvqL Avjevbx nv`xQ kv‡¯¿ M‡elYvq wbiZ n‡q mgv‡R
cÖPwjZ †eva-wek¦vm I img-†iIqv‡Ri mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi Awewgkª avivi e¨vcK cv_©K¨
j¶¨ K‡ib| wZwb mgv‡Ri ey‡K RMÏj cv_‡ii g‡Zv †Ru‡K emv wkiK-we`ÔAvZ I
ZvKjx` Drmv`‡bi Rb¨ `vIqvZx gq`v‡b Avwef©Z ~ nb| wZwb Zvi wcZv, fvB,
wk¶K, eÜz-evÜe I Ab¨‡`i‡K AvKx`v ms‡kvab Kiv, gvhnvex †Muvovwg cwinvi,
hCd I Rvj nv`xQ eR©b I g„Z mybœvZ cybi“¾xweZKi‡Yi `vIqvZ w`‡Z _v‡Kb|
wZwb cÖ‡Z¨K gv‡m GK mßvn (cieZx©‡Z gv‡m 3 w`b) `vIqvZx md‡i wmwiqvi
wngQ, nvgvn, B`wje, iv°v, wmjwgq¨vn, jv‡hwKqvn cÖf„wZ kn‡i-bM‡i †ewi‡q
co‡Zb| Gme md‡ii Kvi‡Y gvby‡li gv‡S mvov c‡o hvq| Zviv wkiK-we`ÔAvZ
cwinvi K‡i KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ‡K AuvK‡o ai‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z we`ÔAvZx,
Keic~Rvix, Q~dx I gyKvwj−`‡`i MvÎ`vn ïi“ n‡q hvq| Zviv Zv‡K ÔIqvnvexÕ e‡j
AccÖPvi Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| Gme AccÖPvi m‡Ë¡I `vIqv‡Zi gq`vb †_‡K wZwb KL‡bv
wbe„Ë nbwb|
wZwb †ek wKQz cwiZ¨³ mybœvZ‡K cybi“¾xweZ K‡ib| Zuvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg nj-
LyZevZzj nvRvn-Gi cÖPjb, gq`v‡b C‡`i QvjvZ Av`vq, AvKxKv I beRvZ‡Ki
mv‡_ mswk−ó Ab¨vb¨ mybœvZ, weZi mn 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn QvjvZ, cv‡q cv I Kuv‡a
Kuva wgwj‡q KvZvi †mvRv K‡i Qvjv‡Z `uvov‡bv, myZiv †`qv cÖf„wZ|
`im-Zv`ixm : 1945 mv‡ji c~‡e©B wZwb `v‡gk‡K mßv‡n `yÕwU `im cÖ`vb Kiv ïi“
K‡ib| nv‡dh Bebyj KvBwq‡gi Ôhv`yj gvÔAv`Õ-Gi gva¨‡g G `i‡mi ïf m~Pbv nq|
AvKx`v, wdKn, DQ~‡j wdKn, nv`xQ cÖf„wZ wel‡qi wewfbœ MÖ‡š’i Dci GLv‡b `im
PjZ| RW©v‡bi ivRavbx Av¤§v‡b wnRiZ Kivi ci †mLv‡bI cÖ‡Z¨K e„n¯úwZevi ev`
gvMwie GKwU K‡i `im cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| Gme `i‡m QvÎ, wk¶K I Ijvgv‡q †Kivg
Dcw¯’Z n‡Zb| KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi `vIqvZ cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i Gi cÖfve wQj
Awbe©Pbxq|
g`xbv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcbv : Bj‡g nv`x‡Q kvqL Avjevbxi L¨vwZ Qwo‡q
co‡j g`xbv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ZrKvjxb P¨v‡Ýji I mE`x MÖ¨vÛ gydZx kvqL
gynv¤§v` web Beivnxg Av‡j kvqL Zuv‡K †mLv‡b wk¶KZvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| wZwb Zuvi
AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡q 1381-1383 wnRix ch©š— ÔkvqLyj nv`xQÕ wnmv‡e †mLv‡b Kg©iZ
_v‡Kb| ZvQvov 1395-98 wnRix‡Z wZwb D³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi m‡e©v”P cwiPvjbv
cwil‡`i m`m¨ g‡bvbxZ nb|
†Rj-hyjyg : kvqL Avjevbx `yÕevi KvivMv‡i Aš—ixY _v‡Kb| GKevi 1967 mv‡j
Avie-BmivCj hy‡×i mgq| Avi wØZxqevi 1969 mv‡j 6 gvm, `v‡gk‡Ki †h
8
KvivMv‡i Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqv‡K (661-728wnt) e›`x ivLv n‡qwQj †mLv‡b| G mgq
wZb gv‡m wZwb gybwhixK…Z msw¶ß Qnxn gymwjg ZvnKxK K‡ib Ges UxKv-wUàbx
ms‡hvRb K‡ib| Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvi ci wZwbB cÖ_g †mLv‡b RygÔAv Kv‡qg K‡ib
e‡j RbkÖ“wZ i‡q‡Q|
ev`kvn dqQvj cyi¯‹vi jvf : nv`xQ kv‡¯¿ Amvgvb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ kvqL Avjevbx
1419 wnt/1999 wLª÷v‡ã ev`kvn dqQvj Avš—Rv© wZK cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb|
g„Zy¨ I `vdb : 1400 wnRixi 1jv ivgvhv‡b wZwb ¯^cwiev‡i `v‡gkK †_‡K RW©v‡bi
ivRavbx Av¤§v‡b wnRiZ K‡ib| †mLv‡b wbR evmM„‡n wZwb 1420 wnRixi 22
Rygvw`DQ Qvbx †gvZv‡eK 1999 mv‡ji 2iv A‡±vei kwbevi gvMwi‡ei wKQz¶Y c~‡e©
88 eQi eq‡m g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| Hw`bB ev` Gkv ¯’vbxq GKwU cyivZb Kei¯’v‡b
Zuv‡K `vdb Kiv nq|
gbxlx‡`i †Pv‡L Avjevbx :
1. mE`x Avi‡ei mv‡eK MÖ¨vÛ gydZx kvqL Avãyj Avhxh web Avãyj−vn web evh
(1913-1999) e‡jb, ' 3 b!T& R = c6& &Q? ' H;& (dX Fe = 
.`9<& = ÔAvmgv‡bi wb‡P GB hy‡M kvqL bvwQ‡ii †P‡q Bj‡g nv`x‡Q AwaK
cwÊZ KvD‡K Avwg Rvwb bvÕ|
2. kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvqgxb (1927-2001) e‡jb, ' =A = @ &
.(&+, (& + `9<& Ônv`x‡Qi †iIqvqvZ I w`ivqv‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb wekvj cvwʇZ¨i
AwaKvixÕ|
3. mybv‡b bvmvCi e¨vL¨vZv kvqL gynv¤§v` Avjx Av`g (Bw_Iwcqv) e‡jb, 9!& 
.;!6fY g!gcY `9<& (E6 ' Uh& Ônv`x‡Qi Qnxn-hC‡di AeMwZi e¨vcv‡i
Zuvi Mfxi gbxlv i‡q‡QÕ|
4. kvqL hv‡q` web Avãyj Avhxh Avj-dvBqvh e‡jb, He had great concern for
the Hadith- its paths of transmission, its reporters and its levels of
authenticity or weakness.
iPbvejx : Zuvi iwPZ I ZvnKxKK…Z MÖ‡š’i msL¨v †mvqv `yBkÕi †ewk| Zb¥‡a¨
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU nÕj- 1. wmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xQ AvQ-Qnxnv (7 LÊ) 2.
wmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xQ Avh-hCdv Iqvj gvIh~ÔAvn (14 LÊ) 3. BiIqvDj Mvjxj (8
LÊ) 4. wQdvZz QvjvwZbœex (Qvt) 5. Qnxn I hCd ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe (3+2=5
LÊ) 6. Qnxn I hCdzj Rv‡g AvQ-QvMxi 7. Qnxn mybv‡b AvievÔAv I hCd mybv‡b
AvievÔAv 8. ZvnKxK wgkKvZ (3 LÊ) 9. AvnKvgyj Rvbvwqh 10. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn
11. gyÔRvgyj nv`xQ Avb-beex (AcÖKvwkZ| 40 LÊ) 12. Qnxn mybv‡b Ave~ `vE` (9
L‡Ê we¯—vwiZ ZvLixR mn)|
 9

=i !- i j & Ri >k - j & O

i & =i 
- i


f~wgKv

.q l &j R- k k i dig

-3k k i ik :iO& oi - $ +k plk " #
l
j &k *l#c
j &k :imi 9 >- g
k n&l
.9 6- k k
GwU 1392 wnRixi eiKZgq ivgvhvb gv‡m KvZv‡ii ivRavbx †`vnvq
cÖ`vb Kiv Avgvi GKwU e³…Zv| Gi weivU DcKvwiZv Ges G iKg
wel‡q gymjgvb‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i KwZcq fvB
Avgv‡K GwU cÖKv‡ki cÖ¯v— e cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zv‡`i AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡q Gi
DcKvwiZv‡K mve©Rbxb Kiv Ges Dc‡`k I mg‡qi cÖwZ †Lqvj KiZ
Avwg GwU cÖKvk KiwQ| Gi g~j Av‡e`b Abyave‡b m¤§vwbZ cvV‡Ki
mnvqK wnmv‡e G‡Z Avgiv KwZcq we¯—vwiZ wk‡ivbvg ms‡hvRb K‡iwQ|
Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q Kvgbv KiwQ, wZwb †hb Zuvi Øx‡bi i¶K I Zuvi
kixÔAv‡Zi mvnvh¨Kvix‡`i g‡a¨ Avgvi bvg wjwce× K‡ib Ges G MÖ‡š’i
Rb¨ Avgv‡K cÖwZ`vb cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwbB †Zv DËg `vwqZ¡kxj|

`v‡gkK
22†k gynviig
1394 wnRix|
10

Bmjv‡g nv`x‡Qi gh©v`v Ges ïay KziAvb gvbvB †h h‡_ó bq

Zvi eY©bv
(
  
 ! " #$%  
  

)
R- i k :ki ;-l +i -  . R- i O i i @- 6 k k :q  ;i - k
- k k  !- 6i k
- k k q 9 >k g
- k :i mi 9k >- gk n& m Vi
m n l 9 k .- l k : l 8k ,i k? # l El Sn if - u R- k k : l Sm fi  # l El O t & qi 9i - j R- k :kik>- l ri lZ!s$k
. - $ +k k q 9 d-k &v9>j gk  m l 9 k .- l k : l H k -i .k l q 9k - k O t & m Vi k lVi
(yz{ : &> o) l - > i
- u =- -l k m Vi Rj Y- > Yk l k i YilY Ij k O w & &jY& &k  Rk - Qi m& kul k
`m k k kAk - Ck k-i Ik l4k k *| 9k i & j a | ;n j R- s =- Jll4k 8 - Qi m& = Jj+k &njY& K
 j& kul k
=- J-!lk l l7 O w & m Vi "k k+- ~ln&k i i l  Mw kYk 8 - Qi m& Ow & &jY&k Mw ki j &}!- [i7l } kA+i k> -i
=- Jl - ic-  :&}9- 9i $k } - Xl &- Xk O w & &jY& &k  Rk - Qi m& kul k (y : M&) }d!-Xi+k
W&]1&) }>!-  i k &}C-El Ck lE 9- l El  l- $ +k k O w & €i hi u R- k k =- Jk- @ =- Jl - ;i - k k =- Jlk>- l
(‚zƒ‚y:
+i -  ~‡n& u .k k :9| >j gk  † 9- ?k †
i 9- k n& Rk 
k - l k :iO& W  k7i `
i -9i g k n& „ k 9k 3
- l m …iEl : 9 6- k jl
:9 6- k k .+i j& piE (| l#
lŠ
k Sˆ 7k :‹(l# lŠ k (| k 9- i Sˆ 7k :‹(k 9- i (| ‰l9k g
-  Sˆ 7k :kYl‰9k g - 
Avgvi cÖej aviYv, AvR‡Ki GB gnZx Abyôv‡b we‡kl K‡i †hLv‡b L¨vwZgvb
Av‡jg-Ijvgv I m¤§vwbZ wk¶Ke„›` i‡q‡Qb, †mLv‡b Avwg Ggb †Kvb
cvwÊZ¨c~Y© Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z m¶g ne bv, †h wel‡q Zvuiv c~‡e© AeMZ
bb| hw` Avgvi aviYv mwVK nq Zvn‡j AvR‡Ki G e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi Øviv
Dc‡`k `vbKvix I Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi wb‡gœv³ evYxi AbymiYKvix nIqvB Avgvi
Rb¨ h‡_ó n‡e| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, .Rk !-ii - > n& € ;l -Yk †k7n QŒ & m …iEl - 7Œ @l k ÔZzwg
Dc‡`k w`‡Z _vK| KviY Dc‡`k gywgb‡`iB DcKv‡i Av‡mÕ (hvwiqvZ 55)
gwngvwš^Z ivgvhvb gv‡mi GB eiKZgq iRbx‡Z Avgvi e³e¨ Gi dhxjZ I
wewa-weavb eY©bv Ges Zvivexn Qvjv‡Zi dhxjZ ev G RvZxq †Kvb wel‡q n‡e
bv, e³v I `vCMY mvaviYZ †hme wel‡q G gv‡m Iqvh K‡i _v‡Kb| Avi Zv
Qv‡q‡gi (†ivhv`vi) Rb¨ DcKvix we‡ewPZ nq Ges Zv‡`i Rb¨ Kj¨vY I
eiKZ e‡q wb‡q Av‡m| eis AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKUv welq‡K Avgvi Av‡jvPbvi
 11
welqe¯‘ wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb K‡iwQ| †Kbbv †mwU D¾¡j kixÔAv‡Zi Ab¨Zg GKwU
Drm| Avi Zv nj- Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z nv`x‡Qi ¸i“Z¡ eY©bv|
KziAv‡bi mv‡_ nv`x‡Qi m¤úK© ( '

( )) :
Avcbviv mevB AeMZ Av‡Qb †h, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-†K Zvui
beyAZ I wimvjv‡Zi Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ KiZ Zvui Dci KziAvb gvRx` AeZxY©
K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡Z Zuv‡K Ab¨vb¨ Avw`ó wel‡qi mv‡_ gvby‡li Kv‡Q KziAvb
e¨vL¨v Kivi wb‡`©kI w`‡qwQ‡jb| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, R
k !sdki k 7n QΠ& H
k !-lVi kn]k -l k
.=- i !-lVi ol ]s  k K
i ji ÔAvwg †Zvgvi cÖwZ KziAvb AeZxY© K‡iwQ, gvbyl‡K
my¯úófv‡e eywS‡q †`qvi Rb¨ hv Zv‡`i cÖwZ bvwhj Kiv n‡qwQjÕ (bvnj 44)|
Avgvi g‡Z, GB Avqv‡Z Kvixgvq Dwj−wLZ !d& ev eY©bv `yÕai‡bi eY©bv‡K
kvwgj K‡i :
cÖ_g : KziAv‡bi kã eY©bv Kiv (> Ž;& !)| Avi Zv n‡”Q- KziAvb
gvRx` cÖPvi Kiv, Zv †Mvcb bv Kiv Ges gnvb Avj−vn ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi
ü`‡q †hfv‡e KziAvb AeZxY© K‡i‡Qb wVK †mfv‡eB D¤§‡Zi Kv‡Q †cuŠwQ‡q
†`qv| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi wb‡gœv³ evYx Øviv GUvB D‡Ïk¨- k n Œk o- $
 j & kul k
.H
k s+j R- i H
k !-lVi ol ]i - Ô†n ivm~j! †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki wbKU n‡Z †Zvgvi cÖwZ hv
AeZxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv cÖPvi KiÕ (gv‡q`v 67)| Av‡qkv (ivt) GK nv`x‡Q
e‡j‡Qb, O
i&Wi k7i R- i }Z!-.k =k k7l =k m$k k i !-lk O
t & pm3
k O
i & ol - $ +k m l =k k Ck R- k ‫َو‬
H
k s+j Ri H k !-lVi ol ]i - k n Œk o- $ j & kul k : o- k O
t &k :(l k- ;i n& O
i & plk =k l - l 9- l El
. klk$+i Fk - mk k>El Sn 6k ;n Yk =- m n Vi k Ôivm~j (Qvt) KziAv‡bi wKQz Ask †Mvcb
K‡i‡Qb- †KD hw` Ggb aviYv †cvlY K‡i, Zvn‡j †m Avj−vn&i Ici g¯—eo
Acev` Av‡ivc Kij| A_P Avj−vn ej‡Qb, Ô†n ivm~j! †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki
wbKU n‡Z †Zvgvi cÖwZ hv AeZxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv cÖPvi Ki; hw` bv Ki Z‡e
†Zv Zzwg Zuvi evZ©v cÖPvi Ki‡j bvÕ (gv‡q`v 67)|2 gymwj‡gi GK eY©bvq
G‡m‡Q, qi Qi ?k =k kJ
l l i !-lk ol ]i - j>i }Z!-.k v>Yil7 =k m$k k i !-lk O
t & pm3
k 9 >j g
k  l l7 - lw k

2. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 4855, 4612 ÔZvdmxiÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-7; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 177, ÔCgvbÕ
Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-77|
12

O
w & Ii Yj&k H
k Ak - Ck H k !-lk H- 
i - l i !-lk Fk >- 6k -l k i !-lk O
t & =k 6k -l 8
- Qi mi o- kY @n Vi k : (l k‘n&
.q kT’
- Yk n l Iu k l O
t &k K k j& pkT’ - Yk k i -9i d- O
t & k H k  i ;n k - Ei - ;i ’ - Y k Ôgynv¤§v`
(Qvt)-Gi Dci hv AeZxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi †Kvb wKQz hw` wZwb †Mvcb Ki‡Zb
Zvn‡j G AvqvZwU †Mvcb Ki‡Zb- Ô¯§iY Ki, Avj−vn hv‡K (hv‡q` web
nv‡iQv) AbyMÖn K‡i‡Qb Ges ZzwgI hvi cÖwZ AbyMÖn K‡iQ, Zzwg Zv‡K
ejwQ‡j, ÔZzwg †Zvgvi ¯¿xi mv‡_ m¤úK© eRvq ivL Ges Avj−vn‡K fq KiÕ|
Zzwg †Zvgvi Aš—‡i hv †Mvcb KiQ Avj−vn Zv cÖKvk K‡i w`‡”Qb; Zzwg
†jvKfq KiwQ‡j, A_P Avj−vn‡KB fq Kiv †Zvgvi c‡¶ AwaKZi msMZÕ
(Avnhve 37)|3
wØZxq : KziAvb gvRx‡`i †h kã, evK¨ ev Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vi cÖ‡qvRb gymwjg
D¤§vn Abyfe K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv| gyRgvj (msw¶ß), Avg (e¨vcK) I gyZjvK
(kZ©nxb) AvqvZmg~‡ni †¶‡Î mvaviYZ GgbUv †ewk cÖ‡qvRb nq| G‡¶‡Î
nv`xQ gyRgvj‡K ¯úófv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i, Avg‡K LvQ (wbw`©ó) K‡i Ges
gyZjvK‡K gyKvBqv` (kZ©hy³) K‡i| GUv †hgb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi K_v Øviv
n‡q _v‡K, †Zgwb Zuvi KvR I Aby‡gv`b ØvivI n‡q _v‡K|
KziAvb eySvi Rb¨ nv`x‡Qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I Zvi KwZcq D`vniY
(01 +
+,%  -(
 ./*) :
Avj−vn&i evYx- k> k9i -l &n6h
l Xn lE (lX+i j&k „
 +i j&k Ôcyi“l †Pvi Ges bvix, Zv‡`i
nvZ †K‡U `vIÕ (gv‡q`v 38) Gi h_v_© D`vniY| †Kbbv G Avqv‡Z nv‡Zi b¨vq
†Pvi kãI gyZjvK ev mvaviY A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| ivm~jyjv− n (Qvt)-Gi KIjx
nv`xQ †Pv‡ii e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Q Ges †h †Pvi GK PZy_v© sk `xbvi Pzwi K‡i Zvi
mv‡_ gyKvBqv` ev kZ©hy³ K‡i‡Q| †hgb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb,  m Vi €k hn Xl l
.&v9i kcEl +| k-,i €i + - Ei ÔGK `xbv‡ii GK PZz_©vsk ev Zvi †ewk Pzwi bv Ki‡j
†Pv‡ii nvZ KvUv hv‡e bvÕ|4 Abyiƒcfv‡e ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kg© ev Zvui
QvnvexM‡Yi Kg© I Dnvi cÖwZ Zvui ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vbg~jK nv`xQ †Pv‡ii nvZ

3. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 177, ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-77|

4. Beby wneŸvb, nv`xQ bs 4465, ÔPzwii kvw¯—Õ Aby‡”Q`; eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 6789, Ô`ÊwewaÕ Aa¨vq,
Aby‡”Q`-13; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1684, Ô`ÊwewaÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-1; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3590,
Ô`ÊwewaÕ Aa¨vq, Ô†Pv‡ii nvZ KvUvi weavbÕ Aby‡”Q`|
 13
KZUzKz KvU‡Z n‡e Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q| KviY QvnvexMY †Pv‡ii nv‡Zi Kwâ
ch©š— †K‡U †dj‡Zb| nv`x‡Qi MÖš’vejx‡Z hvi ¯úó weeiY i‡q‡Q|
. -s =- Jk9i -l k =- Ji?- A  i &ng
k - lE Ô†Zvgiv cweÎ gvwU Øviv †Zvgv‡`i gyLgʇj
I nv‡Z gv‡mn Ki‡eÕ (gv‡q`v 6)| Zvqv¤§yg m¤úwK©Z G Avqv‡Z Dwj−wLZ nvZ
m¤ú‡K© KIjx nv`xQ my¯úófv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Q †h, Zv nj nv‡Zi Zvjy| †hgb-
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, R
i !-;m Jl n&k i A- k n i (‹ k- Š
k = >u !kj&l ÔZvqv¤§yg nj gyLgÊj I
`yB nv‡Zi Zvjyi Rb¨ GKevi gvwU‡Z nvZ gvivÕ|5
wb‡gœ Avcbv‡`i Rb¨ Av‡iv Ggb KwZcq AvqvZ D‡j−L Kiv n‡”Q, nv`xQ Qvov
†h¸‡jvi mwVK gg© Abyaveb Kiv m¤¢e bq|
1. Avj−vn&i evYx : =- ? k R
 - ~ln& =  l H
k Zi‡l -  =| n i =k>k -Vi &- 
 din k =- l k &nk  Rk -Qi m&l
. l - 9 k- u Ôhviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q Ges Zv‡`i Cgvb‡K hyjyg Øviv KjywlZ K‡iwb,
wbivcËv Zv‡`iB Rb¨ Ges ZvivB mrc_cÖvßÕ (AvbÔAvg 82)| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi
evYx =| n i Øviv Qvnvev‡q †Kivg mvaviYfv‡e mKj cÖKvi hyjyg ey‡SwQ‡jb|
†mUv hZ ¶z`ªB †nvK bv †Kb| GRb¨ G AvqvZwUi gg© Zv‡`i Kv‡Q `y‡e©va¨
†VK‡j Zviv e‡jwQ‡jb, ”  k ;n k = in k l kul !O i & ol - $ +k k Ô†n Avj−vn&i ivm~j!
Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ Ggb †K Av‡Q, †h Zvi bd‡mi Dci hyjyg K‡i bv| ZLb
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jwQ‡jb, k>n  o l lX k &- 6 >k 
- Yk =- ll :•- T
s & k ? k>jVi :kHi@l a
k !-l
.= !-i k = n l •k - T
s & m Vi O
i i •- i T
- Y l j kdk : i6k k ? k i i-ii Ô†Zvgiv †h hyjy‡gi
K_v fveQ †mUv D‡Ïk¨ bq| eis IUv n‡”Q wkiK| †Zvgiv wK jyKgvb Zvi
mš—vb‡K †h K_v Dc‡`k w`‡q e‡j‡Q Zv ïbwb : Ô†n erm! Avj−vn&i mv‡_ wkiK
Ki bv| wbðqB wkiK Pig hyjygÕ (jyKgvb 13)|6
2. Avj−vn&i evYx : R
k i & -  c
 n Yk n l –
 kA =- J-!lk a
k !-lEl —
i +- ~ln& iE =- -k Š
k &l@Vi k
.& -  ;l 7l Rk -Qi m& = Jki;n j n l =- ;n 4i n Vi *i #
lcj & Ô†Zvgiv hLb hgx‡b mdi Ki‡e ZLb
hw` †Zvgv‡`i AvksKv nq †h, Kvwdiiv †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ wdZbv m„wó Ki‡e, Z‡e
5. Avngv`, nv`xQ bs 18345; eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 347, ÔZvqv¤§ygÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-8; gymwjg, nv`xQ
bs 368, Ônv‡qhÕ Aa¨vq, ÔZvqv¤§ygÕ Aby‡”Q`; wmjwmjv Qnxnv, nv`xQ bs 694|
6. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 4629, ÔZvdmxiÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-3, nv`xQ bs 3429, Ôbex‡`i KvwnbxÕ Aa¨vq,
Aby‡”Q`-41; nv`xQ bs 6918 ÔAvj−vn‡`ªvnx I ag© Z¨vMx‡`i‡K ZIevi cÖwZ AvnŸvb I Zv‡`i m‡½ hy×
KivÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-1; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 124, ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-56|
14
QvjvZ msw¶ß Ki‡j †Zvgv‡`i †Kvb †`vl †bBÕ (wbmv 101)| GB Avqv‡Zi
cÖKvk¨ A_© †_‡K eySv hv‡”Q †h, md‡i QvjvZ KQi ev msw¶ß Kivi kZ© n‡”Q
kΓfxwZ| GRb¨ KwZcq Qvnvex ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K wbivc` Ae¯’vq QvjvZ
KQi Kiv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, :=- J-!lk ki O
t &„
k 9j c
k Yk (‹ Xl9k 3
k
. kXl9k 3
k &- kdXn lE ÔGUv Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ Qv`vKv ev `vb| myZivs
†Zvgiv Zvi `vb MÖnY KiÕ|7
3. gnvb Avj−vn&i evYx : " 9j n&k (k!->k n& = J-!lk F - k s  Ô†Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ nvivg Kiv
n‡q‡Q g„Z Rš‘ I i³Õ (gv‡q`v 3)| KIjx nv`xQ ¯úófv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Q †h,
g„Z dwos I gvQ Ges KwjRv I c−xnvi i³ nvjvj| G g‡g© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)
e‡j‡Qb, i k9j & jl k :r
 - g
 n& k , &k^
k nEl i kk!->k n& j~lEl : i k,k k i kk!-k kl F
- mi 
.okghŒ &k 9 diJl nlE Ô`yÕcÖKv‡ii g„Z Rš‘ Ges `yÕcÖKv‡ii i³ Avgv‡`i Rb¨ nvjvj
Kiv n‡q‡Q| g„Z Rš‘ `yÕwU nj dwos I gvQ| Avi `yÕcÖKv‡ii i³ nj KwjRv I
c−xnvÕ| Bgvg evqnvKx I Ab¨iv gvid~ I gvIK~d Dfq m~‡Î nv`xQwU eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb| gvIK~d nv`x‡Qi mb`wU Qnxn Ges GUv gvid~i ûKz‡g|8 †Kbbv
wbR¯^ g‡Zi Av‡jv‡K GgbwU ejv hvq bv|
4. Avj−vn&i evYx : n l 
m Vi  > 6k hn j =| i l˜ plk }jg
k  j lVi k i -  k - Ei 9 Ai l m Sn X
.i i O
i & i !-k i Sm ?i  } 
- Ei - l a
 A- +i  j…iEl | -)i 4i =k g
- l - l }- ;-j }k, - l (} k!-k l - Jj
Ôej, Avgvi cÖwZ †h Inx n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z, †jv‡K hv Avnvi K‡i Zvi g‡a¨ Avwg
wKQzB nvivg cvB bv, g„Z, engvb i³ I k~K‡ii †MvkZ e¨ZxZ| †Kbbv G¸wj
Aek¨B AcweÎ A_ev hv A‰ea, Avj−vn Qvov A‡b¨i bv‡g Drm‡M©i Kvi‡YÕ
(AvbÔAvg 145)| AZtci GB Avqv‡Z D‡j−L †bB Ggb wKQz welq nv`xQ nvivg
mve¨¯— K‡i‡Q| †hgb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb,  l7
n ~lEl :™
i kd
s & Rk i W
| k †
- @i Sˆ 7
." &kk ÔZx¶è `vuZIqvjv cÖ‡Z¨K wnsmª Rš‘ LvIqv nvivgÕ|9 : ol lX K | kdk Ri -& Ri k
8
- @i SŒ 7 R- k k .™
i kd
s & Rk i W
| k 8
- @i SΠ7 R- k =k m$k k i !-lk O
t & pm3
k O
i & o-$ +k pk k

7. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 686, Ôgymvwd‡ii QvjvZ I Zv KQi KivÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-1|

8. Beby gvRvn, nv`xQ bs 3314, ÔLv`¨Õ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-31; evqnvKx, nv`xQ bs 1128, ÔcweÎZvÕ
Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-267; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 4132, ÔwkKvi I h‡enÕ Aa¨vq, Ô†h mKj cÖvYx LvIqv
nvjvj I hv nvivgÕ Aby‡”Q`; wmjwmjv Qnxnv, nv`xQ bs 1118|
9. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1933, ÔwkKvi I h‡enÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-3; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 4104, ÔwkKvi
I h‡enÕ Aa¨vq, Ô†h mKj cÖvYx LvIqv nvjvj I hv nvivgÕ Aby‡”Q`|
 15

.i !-hm & Rk i š

| l’
- i Beby AveŸvm (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, cÖ‡Z¨K Zx¶è
`uvZIqvjv wnsmª Rš‘ Ges aviv‡jv bL wewkó cvwL †L‡Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡la
K‡i‡Qb|10 G RvZxq e¯‘ nvivg nIqv m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv A‡bK nv`xQ ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| †hgb Lvqev‡ii w`b ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, =- Jik!k -k  l- $
 +k k O
w & m Vi
.a
 A- +i kj…iEl :(i !ji?- ~ln& i > g
 n& "i - g
 t R- k ÔwbðqB Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~j M„ncvwjZ
Mvavi †MvkZ †L‡Z †Zvgv‡`i‡K wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv IUv AcweÎÕ|11
5. gnvb Avj−vn&i evYx : R
k i r
i kd!shm n&k qi ,i kd6i i ›
k k 4- l - im& O
i & (l k-Ci "k j k R- k Sn X
„
i C- s & Ôej, Avj−vn ¯^xq ev›`v‡`i Rb¨ †hme †kvfvi e¯‘ I cweÎ RxweKv m„wó
K‡i‡Qb Zv †K nvivg K‡i‡QÕ? (AvÔivd 32)| nv`xQB eY©bv K‡i‡Q †h, wKQz
†kvfvi e¯‘ nvivg| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K Qnxn m~‡Î ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, GKw`b
wZwb Zvui Qvnvex‡`i wbKU Avm‡jb| ZLb Zvi GK nv‡Z †ikg I Ab¨ nv‡Z
¯^Y© wQj| wZwb (Qvt) ej‡jb, =- i ‰ik…ii S
œ i :p- ij  +i - 7@ plk " &kk Ri -Ql ?k m Vi ÔG
`yÕ‡Uv wRwbm Avgvi D¤§‡Zi cyi“l‡`i Rb¨ nvivg, wKš‘ gwnjv‡`i Rb¨
nvjvjÕ|12
G g‡g© Qnxn eyLvix, Qnxn gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡š’ A‡bK nv`xQ ewY©Z i‡q‡Q|
nv`xQ I wdK‡n AwfÁ e¨w³‡`i wbKU G RvZxq A‡bK cwiwPZ D`vniY
we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q|
åvZ…eM©! c~e©eZx© Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgv‡`i wbKU Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z nv`x‡Qi
¸i“Z¡ cÖwZfvZ nj| Avgiv †hme D`vniY D‡j−L Kwiwb †m¸‡jv e¨ZxZ ïay
Dwj−wLZ D`vniY¸‡jvi cÖwZ hw` Avgiv `„wó wbe× Kwi Zvn‡j wbwðZ ne †h,
nv`xQ Qvov mwVKfv‡e KziAvb eySvi †Kvb Dcvq †bB|
cÖ_g D`vni‡Y Qvnvev‡q †Kivg Avqv‡Z Dwj−wLZ = k‡ãi cÖKvk¨ A_©
ey‡SwQ‡jb| A_P Beby gvmÔE` (ivt)-Gi fvl¨ Abyhvqx Zvuiv wQ‡jb, SfE

10. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1934, ÔwkKvi I h‡enÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-3; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 4105 ÔwkKvi
I h‡enÕ Aa¨vq, Ô†h mKj cÖvYx LvIqv nvjvj I hv nvivgÕ Aby‡”Q`|
11. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 5528 Ôh‡en I wkKviÕ Aa¨vq, ÔM„ncvwjZ Mvavi †MvkZÕ Aby‡”Q`; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs
1940, ÔwkKvi I h‡enÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-5|
12. Beby gvRvn, nv`xQ bs 3595, Ô†cvlvK-cwi”Q`Õ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-19; wmjwmjv Qnxnv, nv`xQ bs
337, nv`xQwU Qnxn|
16

.;JY X :> > :X ? :(1& qQ? ÔGB D¤§‡Zi me©‡kªô
e¨w³, me‡P‡q wb®‹jyl Aš—‡ii AwaKvix, Mfxi cvwʇZ¨i AwaKvix Ges Kg
fvbKvixÕ| GZ`m‡Ë¡I Zviv = k‡ãi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ eyS‡Z fzj K‡iwQ‡jb|
hw` ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i fzj †_‡K wbe„Ë bv Ki‡Zb Ges eywS‡q
bv w`‡Zb †h, Avqv‡Z Dwj−wLZ = Øviv wkiK D‡Ïk¨, Zvn‡j AvgivI Zv‡`i
fz‡ji AbymiY KiZvg| wKš‘ Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi w`Kwb‡`©kbv
I nv`xQ Øviv Avgv‡`i‡K G‡Ì‡K i¶v K‡i‡Qb|
wØZxq D`vni‡Y Dwj−wLZ nv`xQ hw` bv _vKZ Zvn‡j Avqv‡Zi cÖKvk¨ fve
Abyhvqx kΓfxwZi kZ© Av‡ivc bv Ki‡jI Aš—Z wbivc` Ae¯’vq md‡i QvjvZ
KQi Kivi e¨vcv‡i Avgiv mw›`» †_‡K †hZvg, †hgbwU wKQz Qvnvex
ey‡SwQ‡jb| hw` QvnvexMY ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K mdi Ae¯’vq QvjvZ KQi
Ki‡Z bv †`L‡Zb, Zvn‡j ZvivI KQi Ki‡Zb bv| Avi Zviv wbivc` Ae¯’vq
md‡i Zuvi mv‡_ QvjvZ KQi Ki‡Zb|
Z…Zxq D`vni‡Y Dwj−wLZ nv`xQ hw` bv _vKZ Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i Rb¨ nvjvjK…Z
wKQz cweÎ e¯‘‡K Avgiv nvivg mve¨¯— KiZvg| †hgb : dwos, gvQ, KwjRv I
c−xnv|
PZz_© D`vni‡Y Dwj−wLZ KwZcq nv`xQ hw` bv _vKZ Zvn‡j Avj−vn Zvui bex
(Qvt)-Gi hev‡b Avgv‡`i Rb¨ †hme e¯‘ nvivg K‡i‡Qb, †m¸‡jv‡K Avgiv
nvjvj MY¨ KiZvg| †hgb : wnsmª Rš‘ I aviv‡jv bL wewkó cvwL|
Abyiƒcfv‡e cÂg D`vni‡Y Dwj−wLZ nv`xQ¸‡jv hw` we`¨gvb bv _vKZ Zvn‡j
Avj−vn Zuvi bexi hev‡b †hme welq nvivg mve¨¯— K‡i‡Qb, †m¸‡jv‡K Avgiv
nvjvj g‡b KiZvg| †hgb : ¯^Y© I †ikg| GRb¨ KwZcq c~e©m~ix weØvb
e‡j‡Qb, .WJ&  pfY (& Ônv`xQ KziAv‡bi Dci dqQvjv K‡iÕ|
Avn‡j KziAv‡bi åóZv (
 5 
42 3*) :
`ytLRbK †h, KwZcq AvaywbK gydvmwmi I †jLK ïay KziAv‡bi Dci wbf©i
K‡i †kl `yÕwU D`vni‡Y Dwj−wLZ wnsmª Rš‘ f¶Y Kiv Ges ¯^Y© I †ikg
cwiavb Kiv Rv‡qh e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK eZ©gvb hy‡M ÔAvn‡j
KziAvbÕ bvgavix GKwU †Mvôxi Aw¯—Z¡I cwijw¶Z n‡”Q, hviv Qnxn nv`x‡Qi
mn‡hvwMZv QvovB KziAvb gvRx‡`i K‡cvjKwíZ I gw¯—®‹cÖm~Z Zvdmxi
Ki‡Q| Zv‡`i wbKU nv`xQ Zv‡`i †Lqvj-Lywki AbyMvgx| †hme nv`xQ Zv‡`i
 17
g‡Zi AbyK~‡j †m¸‡jv‡K Zviv AvuK‡o a‡i Ges †h¸‡jv Zv‡`i g‡Zi we‡ivax
†m¸‡jv‡K Zviv Zv‡`i cðv‡Z wb‡¶c K‡i| m¤¢eZ G‡`i w`‡K Bw½Z K‡iB
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Qnxn nv`x‡Q Bw½Z w`‡q‡Qb, plk }ZJ
i j =- 7k9k l Rj !k;i n l
k !† - +i ,- l l :o- k!El : -k F  !-k k - l :i i r
 - k l j>i †
- i - l R- i  - ~ln& i !-Yi~n k :i iJl -+i l
.q k6- dkYj& O
i&W i k7i p- Ei k9- Ak k ÔAvwg †hb †Zvgv‡`i KvD‡K Giƒc bv †`wL †h, †m
Zvi M`x‡Z †Vm w`‡q e‡m _vK‡e, Avi Zvi Kv‡Q Avgvi †Kvb Av‡`k ev
wb‡lavÁv Avm‡j †m ej‡e †h, Avwg Gme wKQz Rvwb bv| hv Avj−vn&i wKZv‡e
cve, ZviB Avgiv AbymiY KieÕ|13 Av‡iKwU eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, F  !-Yi -  p- sVi l l
. 6k k  l[ni k l -n& Ô†R‡b ivL! Avwg KziAvb I Zvi g‡Zv Av‡iKwU e¯‘ (nv`xQ)
l wl :qk- j k "| &k k R- i i !-Ei k9- Ak k k k
cÖvß n‡qwQÕ|14 Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, k m Vi k 
.O
t & "k j k k Sn[i =k m$k k i !-lk O
t & pm3
k O
i & o- $ +k "k j k ÔAvgiv G‡Z hv nvivg
†c‡qwQ Zv‡K nvivg e‡j Rvwb| mveavb! ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) hv nvivg K‡i‡Qb Zv
Avj−vn KZ©„K nvivgK…Z e¯‘i b¨vqÕ|15
Av‡iv `ytLRbK nj, R‰bK m¤§vwbZ †jLK Bmjvgx kixÔAvn I Zvi AvKx`v
wel‡q GKwU eB wj‡L‡Qb| wZwb Gi f~wgKvq D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb †h, GB eBwU
†jLvi mgq Zvi Kv‡Q KziAvb Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb MÖš’ wQj bv|
Dwj−wLZ Qnxn nv`xQwU AKvU¨fv‡e cÖgvY K‡i †h, ïay KziAvbB Bmjvgx
kixÔAvZ bq; eis KziAvb I nv`xQ DfqB kixÔAvZ| †h e¨w³ G `yÕwUi
GKwU‡K ev` w`‡q Ab¨wU‡K AvuK‡o a‡i, †m †hb Gi GKwU‡KI AvuK‡o a‡i
bv| †Kbbv KziAvb I nv`xQ DfqB Dfq‡K AvuK‡o aivi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i|
†hgb gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, .O w&™k l˜l 9- l El ol - $ j & €i hi u R- k Ô†h ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨
Kij †m Avj−vn&iB AvbyMZ¨ KijÕ pjk l - i -  l H
(wbmv 80)| k s+k k # l El
&- > Œ
k  k F
k !-f
k Xl j>s }Akk =- i 
i ;-l - Ei & - 9 ^
i k l =j ‰ =-  k!-k k ^
k .k k>!-Ei •k - > JŒ g
k 

13. wZiwghx, nv`xQ bs 2663, ÔBjgÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-10; Ave~ `vE`, nv`xQ bs 4605, ÔmybœvnÕ
Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-6; Beby gvRvn, nv`xQ bs 13, Aby‡”Q`-2, nv`xQwU Qnxn|
14. Ave~ `vE`, nv`xQ bs 4604, ÔmybœvnÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-6; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 163, ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq,
ÔKziAvb I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`, nv`xQwU Qnxn|
15. wZiwghx, nv`xQ bs 2664 ÔBjgÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-10; Beby gvRvn, nv`xQ bs 12, Aby‡”Q`-2,
nv`xQwU Qnxn |
18

.>v !-i
- Yk Ô†Zvgvi cÖfzi kc_! Zviv KL‡bvB gywgb n‡Z cvi‡e bv, hZ¶Y bv
Zviv Zv‡`i weev`xq welq mg~‡n †Zvgv‡KB GKgvÎ mgvavbKvix wnmv‡e MÖnY
Ki‡e| AZtci †Zvgvi †`Iqv dvqQvjv m¤ú‡K© Zviv Zv‡`i g‡b †Kvbiƒc
wØav-ms‡KvP †cvlY bv Ki‡e Ges AebZwP‡Ë Zv MÖnY bv Ki‡eÕ (wbmv 65)|
R- i *k!k’ i n& =  l l - Jj n l &v - l  - $ +k k O
t & pkfXl &l@Vi (| ki -  l k R| i - > i l l7 k k
.v!-diu } #
lŠ k Sm Š k 9- l El  l- $ +k k O
w&ž i 6- j R- k k =- ?i i - l Ô†Kvb gywgb cyi“l ev bvixi
c‡¶ Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~‡ji †`Iqv dvqQvjvi e¨vcv‡i (wfbœgZ †cvl‡Yi)
†Kvbiƒc GLwZqvi †bB| †h e¨w³ Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~‡ji bvdigvbx Kij, †m
¯úó åóZvi g‡a¨ cwZZ njÕ (Avnhve 36)| k k q - Q’El o- $
 j & = 7kY k k
.&-  k-lE  -k =- 7k k Ôivm~j †Zvgv‡`i‡K hv cÖ`vb K‡ib, Zv MÖnY Ki Ges
hv‡Ì‡K wb‡la K‡ib, Zv †_‡K weiZ _vKÕ (nvki 7)|
GB Avqv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i Beby gvmÔE` (ivt)-Gi GKwU NUbv Avgv‡K wew¯§Z
K‡i| NUbvwU n‡”Q- GK`v (eby Avmv` †Mv‡Îi D‡¤§ BqvKze bv‡g) GK gwnjv
Zuvi wbKU G‡m ejj, Avcwb bvwK †mŠ›`‡h©i D‡Ï‡k¨ †hme bvix Ac‡ii A‡½
Dwé AsKb K‡i Ges wb‡Ri A‡½I Kivq, hviv åƒ Dcwo‡q †d‡j Ges †hme
bvix `uvZ mi“ K‡i `uv‡Zi gv‡S duvK K‡i, hv Avj−vn&i m„wó‡K e`‡j †`q
Zv‡`i cÖwZ jvÔbZ K‡i‡Qb| Rev‡e wZwb ej‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) hv‡`i cÖwZ
jvÔbZ K‡i‡Qb Avwg Zv‡`i cÖwZ †Kb jvÔbZ Kie bv?| GgZve¯’vq Zv
KziAv‡b we`¨gvb Av‡Q| gwnjv ejj, ‡k>El Ÿ
i g
kc- > n& k- l Rk !-k k r
 nk Xl 9- l l
. ‡Y 9- ‡kA k ÔAvwg mgMÖ KziAvb c‡owQ| (wKš‘ Zzwg hv ejQ Zv‡Z) Avwg Zv
cvBwb| ZLb Beby gvmÔD` (ivt) gwnjv‡K ej‡jb, .i !-Yi9- A k k 9- l l i !-Yink Xl F
i -7 R- Zil
.&-  k-lE  -k =- 7kk k k q - Q’El o- $ j & = 7kY k k : Sm Ak k ]j k O
t & ol lX Ôhw` Avcwb
KziAvb co‡Zb, Zvn‡j Aek¨B Zv †c‡Zb| gnvb Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb, Ôivm~j
†Zvgv‡`i‡K hv cÖ`vb K‡ib, Zv MÖnY Ki Ges hv‡Ì‡K wb‡la K‡ib, Zv †_‡K
weiZ _vKÕ| Beby gvmÔD` (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z
ï‡bwQ, Ri- ‡gn i r
i k^Œ;l k> n&k r
i kc>s kk> n&k :irk>.i - k
- > n&k r
i k>.i &kn& O
t & Rk 6k l
.O
i & Ik ‡n4k r
i &k‡s!k > n& Ô†mŠ›`‡h©i Rb¨ Dwé A¼bKvix I Dwé MÖnYKvix, åƒ
 19
D‡ËvjbKvix bvix Ges `uvZ mi“ K‡i gv‡S duvK m„wóKvix bvix, hv Avj−vn&i
m„wó‡K e`‡j †`q, Zv‡`i Dci Avj−vn&i Awfkvc ewl©Z †nvKÕ|16
KziAvb eySvi Rb¨ Aviex fvlv RvbvB h‡_ó bq ( -(
+
!(6 ) :
c~e©eZx© Av‡jvPbv †_‡K my¯úófv‡e cÖwZfvZ nq †h, †Kvb e¨w³ hZ eo Aviex
fvlvwe` I mvwnwZ¨K †nvK bv †Kb nv`x‡Qi mn‡hvwMZv Qvov Zvi c‡¶
KziAvbyj Kvixg eySvi †Kvb my‡hvMB †bB| KviY ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi
QvnvexM‡Yi †P‡q Aviex fvlvq AwaK cwÊZ †KD n‡Z cvi‡e bv, hv‡`i fvlvq
KziAvb bvwhj n‡qwQj| Avi ZLbI Aï×Zv, K_¨ fvlv I fzj-åvwš— Aviex
fvlv‡K KjywlZ K‡iwb| GZ`m‡Ë¡I ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i fvlvi Ici wbf©i Kivi
Kvi‡Y c~e©eZx© AvqvZmg~n eyS‡Z Zviv fzj K‡iwQj| GRb¨ GUv ¯^Ztwm× †h,
†Kvb e¨w³ nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© hZ †ewk cvwÊZ¨ AR©b Ki‡e, †m nv`x‡Q AÁ
e¨w³i †P‡q KziAvb eySv I Zv‡Ì‡K gvmAvjv Bw¯—¤^v‡Zi AwaKZi †hvM¨
we‡ewPZ n‡e| Zvn‡j †h nv`x‡Qi avi av‡i bv Ges Zvi w`‡K Kvh©Z 僇¶cB
K‡i bv Zvi †P‡q H e¨w³i Ae¯’v wK n‡e, †h nv`x‡Qi Ávb iv‡L?
GRb¨ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi wbKU me©Rbwew`Z wbqg nj, KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v
KziAvb I nv`xQ Øviv Ki‡Z n‡e|17 AZtci Qvnvex‡`i gZvgZ Øviv...|
G‡Ì‡K cÖvPxb I AvaywbK hyw³ev`x‡`i c_åóZv Ges AvnKvg QvovI mvjv‡d
Qv‡jnx‡bi AvKx`vi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i we‡ivwaZvi g~j KviY Avgv‡`i wbKU
my¯úó nj| Avi Zv nj nv`xQ I nv`x‡Qi Ávb †_‡K Zv‡`i `~‡i m‡i hvIqv
Ges Avj−vn&i ¸Yvejx msµvš— I Ab¨vb¨ AvqvZmg~‡n Zv‡`i we‡eK-eyw× I
†Lqvj-Lywk Abyhvqx dvqQjv Kiv| (Beby Avwej Bh&h nvbvdx K…Z) Ôkviûj
AvKx`v AvZ-ZvnvweqvnÕ (4_© ms¯‹iY, c„t 212) MÖ‡š’ KZ my›`iB bv ejv n‡q‡Q-
R q  V :(& WJ& R q  R R9& o3 ' =J Ÿ!7
R O& W7 ;Y p  :O& W7 R qQ4~  =C &@V ” #E oX
(gc& X >!E  !E   :=$ ! O& p3 o$& `,

16. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 4886, ÔZvdmxiÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-4, nv`xQ bs 5939, 5943, Ô†cvlvKÕ
Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-84 I 85; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 2125, Ô†cvlvK I mvRm¾vÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-
33|
17. A‡bK Av‡j‡gi wbKU †hgbUv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q Avgiv †ZgbUv ejwQ bv †h, KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v KziAvb
ØvivB Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi KziAv‡b bv cvIqv †M‡j Z‡eB nv`xQ Øviv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| GB cyw¯—
Kvi †k‡l gyÔAvh web Rvevj (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi Ici Av‡jvPbv `ªóe¨|
20

& ¢ =G…E :,& =?¡ RQ& r[& R !V oL& : … =_ 6&

=6 >7 & >6 &7  :q6 > & S :q9 & =
=J R . =J  …E =!d$ H  R :!6£ >6 S : !dc&
R :W3 V (!) "‰~ E WJ& R H@ Ij  ¢ :O& R,  £ 
.qA Ÿf W3 V RJ :~h4 V +A~ E (& WJ& R Q4
Ô†h KziAvb I nv`xQ e¨ZxZ †Kvb e¨w³i gZ †_‡K Øxb MÖnY K‡i, †m wKfv‡e
Øx‡bi g~jbxwZi e¨vcv‡i K_v ej‡e? hw` †m aviYv K‡i †h, †m KziAvb †_‡K
Øxb MÖnY K‡i Zvn‡j †m nv`xQ †_‡K KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi MÖnY K‡i bv Ges
nv`xQ, Qvnvex I Zv‡eCM‡Yi gZvg‡Zi w`‡K 僇¶c K‡i bv| hv Avgv‡`i
wbKU H mKj wbf©i‡hvM¨ eY©bvKvix †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, hv‡`i‡K mgv‡jvPKiv
wbe©vPb K‡i‡Qb| KviY Zviv ïay KziAv‡bi kãB eY©bv K‡ibwb; eis Dnvi
kã I A_© DfqB eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Avi ev”Pviv †hfv‡e KziAvb wk‡L Zviv
†mfv‡e KziAvb wkL‡Zb bv; eis Zviv A_©mn KziAvb wkL‡Zb| Kv‡RB †h
Zv‡`i c`vsK AbymiY K‡i bv †m Zvi wbR¯^ g‡Zi Av‡jv‡K K_v e‡j| Avi
†h wb‡Ri gZ Abyhvqx K_v e‡j Ges KziAvb †_‡K M„nxZ bq Ggb welq‡K
Øxb g‡b K‡i, †m cvcx| hw`I †m mwVK wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡Q| Avi †h KziAvb I
nv`xQ †_‡K Øxb MÖnY K‡i, †m fzj Ki‡jI QIqve cv‡e| Z‡e Giƒc e¨w³
hw` mwVK wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡Q Zvn‡j wظY QIqve cv‡eÕ|
AZtci Beby Avwej Bh&h nvbvdx e‡jb,
Y :q1 ,!& :=$ ! O& p3 o$ =!& o>7 šA&E
(d. >¥  :6 !> S˜ o!¤ Š+6  , I9c& od q54
=$ ! O& p3 q9E :=G?@ (C oA& M&+ ! "9  :J. 
U6Y gd$ S$i > ‡& 9 >7 : @%& ,!& =!& =!Jg
.S7& (%& oQ& ™f¦& *,d6
ÔmyZivs ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi cÖwZ c~Y© AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk Kiv, Zuvi wb‡`©k cvjb
Kiv Ges hyw³i †`vnvB †c‡o åvš— KíbvekZ nv`x‡Qi we‡ivwaZv bv K‡i ev
Zv‡Z m‡›`n-mskq m„wó bv K‡i ev e¨w³i gZvgZ I Zv‡`i gw¯—®‹cÖm~Z
 21
e¨vL¨v‡K nv`x‡Qi Ici cÖvavb¨ bv w`‡q Zuvi nv`xQ‡K MÖnY Kiv Ges mZ¨ e‡j
wek¦vm Kiv Avek¨K| wePvi-dvqQvjv, AvbyMZ¨ I AbymiY-AbyKi‡Yi †¶‡Î
Avgiv Zvu‡K (Qvt) GK MY¨ Kie, †hgbfv‡e bex †cÖiYKvix gnvb Avj−vn&‡K
Bev`Z, webq-bgªZv, Zuvi w`‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b Kiv I Zuvi Dci fimv Kivi †¶‡Î
GKK-AwØZxq MY¨ KieÕ(c„t 217)|
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb,
R :(& & 2 &X;   6!§ 2>L& p šA&&  : o& (§
>f& ? &Q? …E :6 >! €T& (XV :>!7 >¨ Q41& WA `!
&Q? R cE >7 :#Š †& &6A   :&+ !© &!©   =_
V  &fY R R =J!E F7Y" :  =$ ! O& p3 O& o$+
.—<& p &, ¬ X; R :\$ :O& W7 : >¨ =J«
Ô†gvÏvK_v, MÖnY I weavb cÖeZ©‡bi †¶‡Î KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ bv
Kiv mKj gymjgv‡bi Dci IqvwRe| KviY Wv‡b-ev‡g Szu‡K cov Ges c_åó
n‡q cðvrMvgx nIqv †_‡K GUvB Zv‡`i i¶vKeP| †hgb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) G
welqwU Zvi G evYxi Øviv ¯úó K‡i‡Qb, n Vi ‡k &- ˆf
i Yk R- l :Ri -k - l =- J!-Ei F
 7n k Yk
.—
k - ‡kgn& pj ‡lk &k,i k pjk lXj ;l kj R- l k :-ij$ k :O
i &W
k k7i :k>i i =- Jn 
j >k Yk ÔAvwg
†Zvgv‡`i gv‡S `yÕwU e¯‘ †Q‡o hvw”Q, hZ¶Y †Zvgiv G `yÕwU‡K AvuK‡o a‡i
_vK‡e ZZ¶Y c_åó n‡e bv| e¯‘ `yÕwU n‡”Q- Avj−vn&i wKZve I Avgvi
mybœvZ| Avi Avgvi wbKU nvI‡h KvIQv‡i †cuŠQvi c~‡e© G `yÕwU KL‡bv wewQbœ
n‡e bvÕ|18
GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mZKx©KiY ( 7 # 89) :
Gici Avgvi ¯^Ztù~Z© e³e¨ nj- Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z nv`x‡Qi Giƒc ¸i“Z¡ H
nv`x‡Qi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨, hv gynvwÏQ‡`i wbKU M‡elYvi wfwˇZ Qnxn mb‡`
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K cÖgvwYZ| Zvdmxi, wdKn, ZviMxe (Drmvn cÖ`vb),
Zvinxe (fxwZ cÖ`k©b), gbMjv‡bv Dc‡`k, bQxnZ cÖf…wZ MÖš’vejx‡Z †h

18. gyIqvËv gv‡jK, nv`xQ bs 3338, ÔAvj-Rv‡gÕ Aa¨vq, ÔZvK`x‡ii wel‡q weZK© Kiv wb‡laÕ
Aby‡”Q`; nv‡Kg, nv`xQ bs 319 ÔBjgÕ Aa¨vq; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 186, ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq, mb`
nvmvb|
22
nv`xQ¸‡jv i‡q‡Q (XvjvIfv‡e) †m¸‡jv bq| †Kbbv G mKj MÖ‡š’ A‡bK hCd
I Rvj nv`xQ i‡q‡Q| Gme MÖ‡š’ Ggb wKQz nv`xQI i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jvi mv‡_
Bmjv‡gi †Kvb m¤ú„³Zv †bB| †hgb : nviƒZ, gviƒZ I my›`ix hyeZxi Kvwnbx|
G NUbv bvKPKi‡Y Avgvi GKwU cÖKvwkZ MÖš’ i‡q‡Q|19 Avgvi wekvj eB
ÔwmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xQ Avh-hCdv Iqvj gvIh~ÔAvn Iqv AvQvi“nvm mvBwq wdj
D¤§vnÕ ((1& ­ Mp& ?‰ (ŠL& (;!6f& `,1& ($) MÖ‡š’ Avwg
G RvZxq A‡bK nv`xQ ZvLixR (msKjb) K‡iwQ| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQz nv`xQ
hCd I wKQz Rvj|
weØvbMY we‡kl K‡i hviv gvby‡li wbKU Zv‡`i wdKn I dvZvIqv cÖPvi-cÖmvi
K‡ib, Zviv nv`x‡Qi weï×Zvi e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ bv n‡q nv`xQ Øviv `jxj †ck
Kivi `ytmvnm †`Lv‡eb bv| KviY †hme wdK‡ni MÖš’vejx‡K Zviv mvaviYZ
Drm wnmv‡e e¨envi K‡ib, †m¸‡jv hCd, Rvj I wfwËnxb nv`x‡Q cwic~Y©|
Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi wbKU GUv mywew`Z|
Avgvi `„wó‡Z GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖKí Avwg ïi“ K‡iwQjvg| wdKn PP©vKvix‡`i
Rb¨ Zv AZ¨š— DcKvix| Avwg †mB MÖ‡š’i bvg †i‡LwQ ÔAvj-Avnv`xQ Avh-
hCdv Iqvj gvIh~ÔAvn dx D¤§vnvwZj KzZze Avj-wdKwnq¨vnÕ `,1&)
((!;& šJ& r ­ (ŠL& (;!6f&| wdK‡ni Drm MÖš’mg~n Øviv
Avgvi D‡Ïk¨ nj-
1. gviwMbvbx iwPZ nvbvdx wdKn MÖš’ ÔAvj-†n`vqvÕ ((&9_&)|
2. Bebyj Kv‡mg iwPZ gv‡jKx wdKn MÖš’ ÔAvj-gy`vIqvbvnÕ (( 9L&)|
3. iv‡dC iwPZ kv‡dC wdKn MÖš’ Ôkviûj IqvRxhÕ (]!A& –.)|
4. Beby Kz`vgv iwPZ nv¤^jx wdKn MÖš’ ÔAvj-gyMbxÕ (L&)|
5. Beby i“k` Avj-Av›`vjymx iwPZ Zzjbvg~jK wdKn MÖš’ Ôwe`vqvZzj
gyRZvwn`Õ (9®& (&9)|
wKš‘ `ytLRbK nj, G MÖš’wU mgvß Kivi my‡hvM Avgvi nqwb| KviY ÔAvj-IqvC
Avj-BmjvgxÕ(p#$%& p&) bv‡g †h Kz‡qZx cwÎKvwU GUv Qvcv‡bvi A½xKvi
K‡iwQj Ges G cÖKí‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡qwQj, GUv cvIqvi ci Zviv Avi Zv Qv‡cwb|

19. D³ MÖš’wUi bvg ÔbvQveyj gvRvbxK dx bvmwd wKQQvwZj MvivbxKÕ| cÖKvkK : Avj-gvKZveyj
Bmjvgx|
 23
†h‡nZz Avgvi H cÖKí †f‡¯— †M‡Q, †m‡nZz BbkvAvj−vn Ab¨ †Kvb Dcj‡¶¨
Avgvi wdKn PP©vKvix fvB‡`i Rb¨ Ggb GK m~² M‡elYv c×wZ D™¢ve‡bi
†ZŠdxK jvf Kie, hv Zv‡`i‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e Ges nv`x‡Qi †h mKj Drm
MÖ‡š’i w`‡K wd‡i hvIqvi gva¨‡g nv`x‡Qi gvb Rvbv hvq Zv Zv‡`i Rb¨ mnR
K‡i w`‡e| Ges Avwg Zv‡`i Rb¨ H mKj MÖ‡š’i ˆewkó¨vejx I †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨
†Kvb¸‡jvi Dci wbf©i Kiv hvq ZvI eY©bv Kie| Avj−vnB DËg †ZŠdxK `vZv|
BRwZnv` m¤úwK©Z gyÔAvh (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi `ye©jZv I Zvi g›` w`K
(# @
 !  =% > 1< ?!: ;<*) :
Avgvi AvR‡Ki e³e¨ †kl Kivi c~‡e© GKwU cÖwm× nv`x‡Qi w`‡K Dcw¯’Z
†kÖvZ„gÊxi `„wó AvKl©Y Kiv AZxe hiƒix g‡b KiwQ| DQ~‡j wdK‡ni cÖvq mKj
MÖ‡š’B G nv`xQwU Dwj−wLZ Av‡Q| KviY mb‡`i w`K †_‡K nv`xQwU `ye©j Ges
Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiv Rv‡qh bq I `yÕwU‡K
GK mv‡_ AvuK‡o aiv IqvwRe g‡g© Avgv‡`i AvR‡Ki e³‡e¨ DcbxZ wm×v‡š—
i we‡ivax| Avi †mUv n‡”Q gyÔAvh web Rvevj (ivt)-Gi nv`xQ| Zvu‡K
B‡q‡g‡b †cÖiYKv‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jwQ‡jb, :Oi &W
i kJi i : ol Xl ”= Jg
- Yk =k i
p- in+k 9 i kA- l :ol lX ”-9^
i Yk =- l n …iEl : ol lX :O i & oi - $ +k (i j
 i : ol lX ”-9^ i Yk =- l n …iEl :ol Xl
ƒO i & o- ‡$+k š u ‡ig k>i :O i & oi - $ +k ol - $ +k Ik Em k †- Qi m& i mi 9 >- g
k n& :ol lX .-  l k
ÔZzwg wK w`‡q wePvi Ki‡eÕ? wZwb ej‡jb, Avj−vn&i wKZve Z_v KziAvb Øviv|
ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, hw` Zv‡Z bv cvI? wZwb ej‡jb, ivm~‡ji nv`xQ Øviv|
ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, hw` Zv‡ZI bv cvI? wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg Avgvi we‡eK
Øviv BRwZnv` Kie Ges ΓwU Kie bv| ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, Avj−vn&i ivm~j hv
cQ›` K‡ib Zv Zvui †cÖwiZ `~Z‡K †h Avj−vn Kivi †ZŠdxK w`‡q‡Qb Zvi Rb¨
hveZxq cÖksmvÕ|20
G nv`x‡Qi mb‡`i `ye©jZv eY©bv Kivi AeKvk GLb †bB| Ôwmjwmjv hCdvÕq
Gi KviY we¯—vwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| GLb Avgvi Rb¨ Avgxi“j gywgbxb
wdj nv`xQ Bgvg eyLvix (int)-Gi K_v D‡j−L KivB h‡_ó n‡e| wZwb D³
nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, J `9 Ônv`xQwU gybKviÕ|

20. Ave~`vE`, nv`xQ bs 3592, ÔwePviÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-11; wZiwghx, nv`xQ bs 1327, Ôwewa-weavbÕ
Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-3; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3737, Ô†bZ…Z¡ I wePviÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-2;
wmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xQ Avh-hCdv Iqvj gvIh~ÔAvn, nv`xQ bs 881|
24
Gici †h ؇›Øi w`‡K Avwg Bw½Z K‡iwQ Zv eY©bv Kiv Avgvi Rb¨ m½Z n‡e|
G e¨vcv‡i Avgvi e³e¨ nj-gyÔAv‡hi GB nv`xQwU wePvi-dvqQvjvi †¶‡Î
wePvi‡Ki Abym„Z c×wZi e¨vcv‡i wZbwU ¯—i cÖeZ©b K‡i| KziAv‡b bv cvIqv
ch©š— nv`x‡Q ivq AbymÜvb Kiv Ges nv`x‡Q bv cvIqv ch©š— BRwZnv‡`i
Av‡jv‡K wm×vš— MÖnY Kiv wePvi‡Ki Rb¨ ˆea bq| BRwZnv‡`i †¶‡Î mKj
Av‡j‡gi wbKU GUv GKUv mwVK gvbnvR ev c×wZ| Zviv GI e‡j‡Qb, &@V
& Sh ‰1& ,+ Ônv`xQ cvIqv †M‡j hyw³ evwZjÕ| wKš‘ mybœvn&i †¶‡Î GwU
mwVK bq| KviY nv`xQ Avj−vn&i wKZv‡ei Dci dvqQvjv cÖ`vbKvix Ges Zvi
e¨vL¨vKvix| ZvB KziAv‡b cvIqvi m¤¢vebv _vK‡jI nv`x‡Q weavb Zvjvk Kiv
Avek¨K| KviY KziAv‡bi mv‡_ nv`x‡Qi m¤úK©, nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ BRwZnv‡`i
g‡Zv Kw¯§bKv‡jI bq ¯ #7 :(& € †7 : & € (& F!E)
(#7| eis KziAvb I nv`xQ‡K GK Drm MY¨ Kiv Avek¨K| G‡`i g‡a¨
KL‡bv †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gw`‡K Bw½Z K‡i e‡j‡Qb, p - sVi l l
 6k k  l[ni k l -n& F
 !-Yi -  Ô†R‡b ivL! Avwg KziAvb I Zvi b¨vq Av‡iKwU e¯‘
(nv`xQ) cÖvß n‡qwQÕ|21 wZwb Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb, p j lk &k,i k pjk lXj ;l kk R- l k
.—
k - g k n& ÔnvI‡h KvIQv‡i Avgvi wbKU †cuŠQvi c~e© ch©š— G `yÕ‡Uv KL‡bv c„_K
n‡e bvÕ|22 myZivs KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi g‡a¨ Dwj−wLZ wefvRb mwVK bq|
†Kbbv GUv Df‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©‡K¨i `vwe K‡i| c~e©eZx© eY©bvi Av‡jv‡K †hB
`vwe wfwËnxb|
Avwg GB welqUvi w`‡KB `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z †P‡qwQjvg| hw` mwVK wm×v‡š—
DcbxZ n‡q _vwK Zvn‡j Zv Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K| Avi fzj wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡q
_vK‡j Avgvi wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K| Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q wgbwZ, wZwb †hb Avgv‡`i‡K I
Avcbv‡`i‡K c`öjb I Zvi hveZxq Amš‘wóg~jK KvR †_‡K i¶v K‡ib|
Rk !->i l6k n& W
s +k i mi 9 >- g
k n& i l k&k - ,k  4i  k

21. Ave~ `vE`, nv`xQ bs 4604, ÔmybœvnÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-6; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 163, ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq,
ÔKziAvb I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`|
22. gyIqvËv gv‡jK, nv`xQ bs 3338, ÔAvj-Rv‡gÕ Aa¨vq, ÔZvK`x‡ii wel‡q weZK© Kiv wb‡laÕ
Aby‡”Q`; nv‡Kg, nv`xQ bs 319, ÔBjgÕ Aa¨vq, mb` nvmvb|