Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lop11-19 - ANH
Lop11-19 - ANH
SECTION I. Listen to the recording. For questions 1 - 5, choose the option (A, B, C, or D) which best completes the blank
space or best answers the question.
1. The circus will arrive ________.
A. tomorrow B. in time
C. soon D. next week
2. There’s ________ to do when the circus arrives.
A. not much B. almost nothing
C. just a little D. pretty much
3. The first performance takes place ________.
A. in the morning B. in the afternoon
C. in the evening D. at night
4. _______ will start at 11:30.
A. The circus B. The preparation
C. The rehearsal D. The circus parade
5. The circus will be in town ________.
A. for 8 days B. a fortnight
C. a week D. the whole August
SECTION II. Listen to the recording. Give brief answers to the questions.
6. What factors can cause infectious diseases?
7. How were infectious diseases in the past?
8. What disease, mentioned in the talk, was a widespread problem in the 19 th century?
9. What kind of milk did babies suffering from the disease drink?
10. In which year did 20% of babies at that time die from this particular disease?
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10. Jack ________ yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
11. He has a _______ objection to giving gifts to the staff to thank them.
A. tough B. solid C. hard D. stable
12. The prices we have to pay are out of all _______ to our income.
A. comparison B. proportion C. reach D. order
13. Let’s sit further forward so that we can get a better _________ of the play.
A. scene B. view C. vision D. eye
14. The children who found the lecture given by the minister as _______ could hardly benefit from it.
A. dry as dust B. right as rain C. dry as a bone D. large as life
15. Would you mind if I gave you the decision tomorrow? I’d like to ________.
A. read between the lines B. pass the buck C. sleep on it D. take it to heart
16. You should always have alternative plans to ________.
A. bring about B. take to C. feel up to D. fall back on
17. It’s no good pretending. You’ve got to ________.
A. bargain for B. come up with C. face up to D. get down to
18. All candidates will be treated equally, ________ their age or background.
A. notwithstanding B. irrespective C. in view of D. contrary to
19. Have you had much experience _______ computers?
A. on B. in C. with D. about
20. He did all the things _______ his own initiative.
A. with B. from C. on D. in
B. Put the words given in the correct blanks. You have to use their correct forms to make a meaningful passage.
There are two extra words that you cannot use.
violent young expense popular qualify visit
origin enjoy demand defend hate respect
Judo is a sport that has achieved great (11)_______ in many parts of the world. It was (12)_______ developed in
Japan in the late 19th century based on ancient methods of (13)_______. There are two fighters. Although they use
physical (14)________ against each other, they are (15)_______ to their opponent and bow to each other before and
after each contest.
Judo is an (16)_______ sport to take up because the only equipment you need is the special loose-fitting suit. It is
very suitable for (17)_______ if they join a club where the instructors are properly (18)_______ and pay enough attention
to safety, Although Judo is a physically (19)_______ sport which requires a lot of strength, practice and skill, there are
many people who find it (20)_______ as a means of relaxation in their spare time.
Scientists have been investigating chimpanzees for several decades, but too often their studies contained a
crucial (1)______. Most attempts to document cultural diversity among groups of chimpanzees have (2)_____ solely on
officially published accounts of the behaviours recorded at each research site. But this approach probably (3)______ a
good deal of cultural variation. For example, scientists don't typically publish an extensive list of all the activities they do
not see at a particular location. Second, many reports describe chimpanzee behaviors without saying how common they
are. Finally, researchers' descriptions of potentially significant chimpanzee behaviours frequently lack (4)_______ detail,
making it difficult for scientists working at other sites to record the presence or absence of the activities. To (5)_____
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these problems, we asked field researchers at each site for a list of all the behaviours they suspected were local
traditions. With this information, we pulled together a list of 65 (6)______ for cultural behaviours. Then we distributed our
list to the team leaders at each site. In consultation with their colleagues, they classified each behaviour (7)_____ its
occurrence or absence in the chimpanzee community (8)_____. The extensive survey turned up no fewer than 39
chimpanzee (9)_____ of behaviours that should be labelled as cultural variations, including (10)______ forms of tool use.
After 1785, the production of children's books in the United States increased but remained largely reprints of
British books, often those published by John Newbery, the first publisher to produce books aimed primarily at diverting a
child audience. Ultimately, however, it was not the cheerful, commercial-minded Newbery, but Anglo-Irish author Maria
Edgeworth who had the strongest influence on this period of American children's literature. The eighteenth century had
seen a gradual shift away from the spiritual intensity of earlier American religious writings for children, toward a more
generalized moralism.
Newbery notwithstanding, Americans still looked on children's books as vehicles for instruction, not amusement,
though they would accept a moderate amount of fictional entertainment for the sake of more successful instruction. As the
children's book market expanded, then, what both public and publishers wanted was the kind of fiction Maria Edgeworth
wrote: stories interesting enough to attract children and morally instructive enough to allay adult distrust of fiction.
American reaction against imported books for children set in after the War of 1812 with the British. A wave of
nationalism permeated everything, and the self-conscious new nation found foreign writings (particularly those from the
British monarchy) unsuitable for the children of a democratic republic, a state of self-governing, equal citizens. Publishers
of children's books began to encourage American writers to write for American children. When they responded, the
pattern established by Maria Edgeworth was at hand, attractive to most of them for both its rationalism and its high moral
tone. Early in the 1820's, stories of willful children learning to obey, of careless children learning to take care, of selfish
children learning to "tire for others," started to flow from American presses, successfully achieving Edgeworth's tone,
though rarely her lively style. Imitative as they were, these early American stories were quite distinguishable from their
British counterparts. Few servants appeared in them, and if class distinctions had by no means disappeared, there was
much democratic insistence on the worthiness of every level of birth and work. The characters of children in this fiction
were serious, conscientious, self-reflective, and independent – testimony to the continuing influence of the earlier
American moralistic tradition in children's books.