Load = 1 N

Load/bolt = P = 10/2 = 0.5N

M3 Bolt
 Pitch: 0.5mm
 l = 5mm
 d = major diameter = 3mm

Safety Factor of Separation (SF) = 2

Material 1: Steel

 Thickness = l1 = 1mm
 Modulus Young = E1 =206.8 GPa

Material 2: Aluminium

 Thickness = l2 = 5mm
 E2 = 70.1 GPa

Calculation:

Fi
 S F= (1)
P(1−C)
 Fi = Preload = SF.P.(1-C)
 = 2 x 0.5(1-C) (2)

kb
 C = joint constant = , kb = bolt spring constant, km = material spring constant (3)
km+ kb
A E1
 k b= , A = bolt clamp cross-sectional area (4)
l
 kb =
1 1 1
 = + , k 1 = steel spring constant, km2 = aluminium spring constant
km km 1 k m2 m
l1 l2
 = + , Am = effective area of clamped materials (5)
A m 1 E1 A m 2 E2
 Cone Frusta Method: (6)
o l1 = l2 = lm = l1 + d/2
d 2 +d 3 2 2
o Am1 = Am2 = Am =
π
4 [( ) ]
2
−d , d2 = 1.5d, d3 = 1.5d + lm tan 30°

1 l l
 (5)..(6) = +
k m A m E1 Am E2
  km =

kb
(
 (1)..(3) F i=2∙ 0.5 ∙ 1− )
k m +k b
=

 F i=k ∙ x =(k m +k b ) ∙ x , x = axial length of compression when tightening the bolt

( k m +k b )
 x= =
Fi

x
 Turns made to press the bolt x length = =¿
pitch

Equation (1), (3), (4), (5), and Cone Frusta Method are referenced from Chapter 14 - Screws and
Fasteners from Machine Design: An Integrated Approach 3rd Ed, Robert L. Norton, 2006