12B41A0456 GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

A Technical Report submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirement

For the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BY

MARATI SUSHEEL KUMAR

H.T No: 12B41A0456

Under the Guidance of

K.DEVENDHER
Asst.prof.,ECE Dept.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

KSHATRIYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified College)
Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad
NH-63, Chepur, Armoor, 503224, Dist: Nizamabad- T.S
(2015-16)

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KSHATRIYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified College)

NH-63, CHEPUR-ARMOOR, 503224, Dist: NIZAMABAD, T.S.

Web: www.kcea.ac.in Email:
ece.kcea@gmail.com

Ref:___________ Date: ___________

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that a technical report entitled “GI-FI TECHNOLOGY” is

carried out by “MARATI SUSHEEL KUMAR” bearing Hall Ticket No.
12B41A0456, in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Technology in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING.
This is a bonafide work carried out by him in the college for the academic year 2015-
2016.

Signature of the Coordinator Signature of the HOD

Mr. K.DEVENDHER Mr.D.SRIKAR
Asst. Prof., ECE Dept Assoc.Prof. & HOD

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The euphoria and satisfaction of completing this technical report will not be
completed until I thank all the people who have helped me in the successful
completion of this enthusiastic task.

I am grateful to DR.M.LAKSHMINARAYANA, Honorable principal of

our college, for providing all infrastructural facilities and for providing environment
which continuously encouraged me to carry out the technical report successfully.

I take this opportunity to express my profound and whole heartful thanks to

my coordinator Mr. K.DEVENDHER Asst. Prof., ECE Dept. And all the
department staff for their patience, support and sincere guidance in successful
completion of the technical report.

I would also like to thank Mr. D.SRIKAR, Assoc. Prof., Head of the
Department, Department of ECE, and Kshatriya College of Engineering for
permitting me to carry out the work in this college.

Lastly I thank my parents for their ever-kind blessings

BY

MARATI SUSHEEL KUMAR

(12B41A0456)

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that, the Technical report entitled “GI-FI

TECHNOLOGY” is submitted in the Department of Electronics and

Communication engineering at Kshatriya College of Engineering, Armoor affiliated
to J.N.T. University, Hyderabad, in partial fulfillment of the award of Bachelor of
Technology in ECE, is a bonafide work done by me.

Also, I declare that matter Embedded in this Technical report has not been
submitted for the award of any degree of any other Institution or University

BY
MARATI SUSHEEL KUMAR

(12B41A0456)

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INDEX

S.No Contents Page No

List of figures vi
Abstract vii

1 Introduction 1-2

2 Methodology 3-4
2.1 Architecture of Gi-Fi 3
2.2 Fundamental Technologies in 802.15.3C 3

3 Details 5-12
3.1 Working in Gi-Fi: 5
3.1.1 Time-division duplex 5
3.1.2 Why 60 GHz..? 6
3.1.3 Ultra Wide Band Frequency Usage 8
3.2 Comparison between Gi-Fi, Wi-Fi & Bluetooth 8
3.3 Features of GI-FI 8 - 10
3.3.1 High speed of data transfer 8
3.3.2 Low Power Consumption 9
3.3.3 High Security 9
3.3.4 Cost-effective 9
3.3.5 Small Size 9
3.3.6 Quick Deployment 10
3.3.7 Other features 10
3.4 Gi-Fi Access Devices 10
3.5 Advantages of Gi-Fi Technology 11-12

4 Result 13

5 Applications 14-15
5.1 House Hold Appliances 14
5.2 Office Appliances 14
5.3 Video information transfer 14
5.4 Inter-vehicle communication system 15

6 Conclusion 16

7 Bibliography 17

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LIST OF FIGURES

S.No Fig no Figures Name Page No

1 2.1 Gigabit wireless PAN network 3

2 3.1 Time Division Duplex 5

3 3.2 Oxygen attenuation vs Frequency 6

4 3.3 Gi-Fi chip 9

5 3.4 Gi-Fi Access Devices 10

6 5.1 Office Appliance 14

7 5.2 Video Information Transfer 15

8 5.3 Inter Vehicle Communication 15

vi

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ABSTRACT

GI-FI (Gigabit Fidelity) or Giga bit wireless refers to wireless communication at a

data rate of more than one billion bits (gigabits) per second. GI-FI offers some advantages
over WI-FI, a similar wireless technology. In that it offers faster information rate in GBPS,
less power consumption and low cost for short range transmission as compare to current
technology. GI-FI consists of a chip which has facility to deliver short-range multi gigabit
data transfer in a local environment and compared to other technologies in the market it is ten
times faster. GI-FI has the data transfer speed up to 5 GBPS within a short-range of 10
metres. It operates in 60 GHZ frequency band. GI-FI is developed on an integrated wireless
transceiver chip. It has both transmitter and receiver, integrated on a single chip which is
fabricated using the CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process and it also
consists of a small antenna. GI-FI allows transferring large videos, audio files, data files etc.
within few seconds.

vii

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1. INTORDUCTION

Gigabit Wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that
operates at 60 GHz on the CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) process. It
will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the
current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth of the cost, usually within a range of 10
metres. In fact, Gi-Fi is a wireless transmission system which is ten times faster than Wi-Fi
and it is expected revolution networking in offices and homes by implementing high-speed
wireless environments. It utilizes a 5 mm square chip and a 1 mm wide antenna burning less
than 2 milli watts of power to transmit data wirelessly over short distances, much like
bluetooth. Gi-Fi technology provides many features such as ease of deployment, small form
factor, enabling the future of information management, high speed of data transfer, low
power consumption etc. With growing consumer adoption of High-Definition (HD)
television, low cost chip and other interesting features and benefits of this new technology
can be predicted that the anticipated worldwide market for this technology is vast. The new
technology is predicted to revolutionize the way household gadgets talk to each other.

Gi-Fi can be considered as a challenger to Bluetooth rather than Wi-Fi and could find
applications ranging from new mobile phones to consumer electronics. Gi-Fi allows a full-
length high definition movie to be transferred between two devices in seconds to the higher
megapixel count on our cameras, the increased bit rate on our music files, the higher
resolution of our video files. Within five years we expect Gi-Fi to be the dominant
technology for wireless networking. By that time it will be fully mobile, as well as providing
low-cost, high broadband access, with very high speed large files swapped within seconds
which will develop wireless home and office of future. Gi-Fi potentially can bring wireless
broadband to the enterprise in an entirely new way. Enhancements to next generation gaming
technology is one of the other benefits of this technology.

The Nitro chipset in Gi-Fi technology by offering reduced size and power
consumption, can be used to send and receive large amounts of data in a variety of
applications, it is able to transfer gigabits of data within seconds and therefore it can be used
for huge data file transmission and it is expected that this chipset replaces HDMI (High
Definition Multimedia Interface) cables and could develop wireless home and office of
future.

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The Gi-Fi chip is a good news for personal area networking because there is no
internet infrastructure available to cop it with. It can have a span of 10 meters. The usable
prototype may be less than a year away. With the help of Gi-Fi chips the videos sharing can
be possible without any hurdles. The Gi-Fi chip is one of Australia's most lucrative
technologies. The new gigabit wireless system provides multi-gigabit wireless technology
that removes the need for cables between consumer electronic devices and is more than 100
times faster than current short-range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. This
technology with high level of frequency re-use can satisfy the communication needs of
multiple customers within a small geographic region.

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2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Architecture of Gi-Fi:

The core components of a Gi-Fi system is the subscriber station which available to
several access points. It supports standard of IEEE 802.15.3C supports millimeter-wave
wireless pan network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones
and personal digital assistants) close to one person. An 802.15.3C based system often uses
small antenna at the subscriber station. The antenna is mounted on the roof. It supports line of
sight operation.

Fig:2.1 - GIGABIT WIRELESS PAN NETWORK

2.2 Fundamental Technologies in 802.15.3C:

This millimeter-wave WPAN will operate in the new and clear band including 57-64
GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255. The millimeter-wave WPAN will
allow high coexistence (close physical spacing) with all other microwave systems in the
802.15 family of WPANs.

Two Technologies that help realize GWLAN are,

• Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
• System-On-a-Package (SOP)

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1. Multiple Input Multiple Outputs:

MIMO wireless is an emerging cost effective technology that offers substantial
leverages in making 1Gbps wireless links a reality. In this principle, it meets the 1Gbps data
rate requirement if the product of bandwidth (measured in Hz) and spectral efficiency
(measured in bps/Hz) equals 10^9. MIMO wireless constitutes a technological breakthrough
that will allow Gbps speeds in NLOS wireless networks. The performance improvements
resulting from the use of MIMO systems are due to
 Array gain
 Diversity gain
 Spatial Multiplexing Gain
 Interference Reduction

2. System-On-A-Package:
SOP approach for the next-generation wireless solution is a more feasible option than
SOC. Recent development of materials and processes in packaging area makes it possible to
bring the concept of SOP into the RF world to meet the stringent needs in wireless
communication area. Wireless devices implementing complex functionality require a large
amount of circuitry and consequently require a large conventional package or MCM real
estate. SOP goes one step beyond Multi Chip Module (MCM) by enhancing overall
performances and adding more functionality

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3. DETAILS

3.1 Working in Gi-Fi:

Here we will be use a time division duplex for both transmission and receiving. The
data files are up converted from IF range to RF 60 Ghz range by using 2 mixers. We will feed
this to a power amplifier, which feeds millimetre-wave antenna.

The incoming RF signal is first down converted to an IF signal centred at 5 GHz and
then to normal data ranges, here we will use heterodyne construction for this process to avoid
leakages due to direct conversion. Due to availability of 7 GHz spectrum the total data will be
transferred within seconds.

3.1.1 Time-division duplex:

Time-Division Duplex (TDD) is the application of time-division multiplexing to
separate outward and return signals. It emulates full duplex communication over a half
duplex communication link. As uplink traffic increases, more channel capacity can
dynamically be allocated to that, and as it shrinks it can be taken away.

Fig:3.1 – Time Division Duplex

Time division duplex (TDD) refers to duplex communication links where uplink is
separated from downlink by the allocation of different time slots in the same frequency band.
It is a transmission scheme that allows asymmetric flow for uplink and downlink data
transmission. Users are allocated time slots for uplink and downlink transmission. This

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method is highly advantageous in case there is an asymmetry of uplink and downlink data
rates. TDD divides a data stream into frames and assigns different time slots to forward and
reverse transmissions, thereby allowing both types of transmissions to share the same
transmission medium.

3.1.2 Why 60 GHz..?

Here we will use millimetre wave antenna which will operate at 60 GHz frequency
which is unlined band .Because of this band we are achieving high data rates energy
propagation in the 60 GHz band has unique characteristics that make possible many other
benefits such as excellent immunity to co-channel interference, high security, and frequency
re-use.

Fig:3.2 –Oxygen Attenuation vs Frequency

Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years
for satellite-to-satellite communications. This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60
GHz (10-15 dB/km). This absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over distance, so that signals
cannot travel far beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60 GHz is an excellent
choice for convert communication.

Most important aspect is Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have

been used for many years by the intelligence community for high security communications
and by the military for satellite-to-satellite communications. Their interest in this frequency

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band stems from a phenomenon of nature the oxygen molecule (O2) absorbs electromagnetic
energy at 60 GHz like a piece of food in a microwave oven. This absorption occurs to a much
higher degree at 60 GHz than at lower frequencies typically used for wireless
communications. This absorption weakens (attenuates) 60 GHz signals over distance, so that
signals cannot travel far beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60 GHz is an
excellent choice for covert satellite-to-satellite communications because the earth’s
atmosphere acts like a shield preventing earth-based eavesdropping. Because of the rich
legacy of applications in this band, a wide variety of components and subassemblies for 60
GHz products are available today.

Another consequence of O2 absorption is that radiation from one particular 60 GHz

radio link is quickly reduced to a level that will not interfere with other 60 GHz links
operating in the same geographic vicinity. This reduction enables higher “frequency reuse”
the ability for more 60 GHz links to operate in the same geographic area than links with
longer ranges. As an example, lets compare two different links, one operating near 60 GHz
and the other at a frequency that is less affected by O2 absorption. The second link could be
operating at another unlicensed frequency such as 2.4 GHz or 24 GHz.

Consider a typical operating scenario where both links are operating over a distance
of one kilometre with the transmitters power output adjusted such that the signal level at the
receiver is 30 decibels (dB) above the background noise. Fig 3.2 shows how the signal level
drops with distance beyond the receiver in the two cases. For the link unaffected by O2
absorption, it takes 32 kilometres (km) for the transmitted signal to drop down to the
background noise level. In other words, that signal would interfere with any other signal at
that same frequency for more than 30 kilometres beyond its original recipient. That reduces
the number of links at that frequency that can be installed in a fairly large area. Also, this
means that the lower-frequency signal could be intercepted up to more than 30 kilometres
beyond its intended recipient. In contrast, the transmitted signal at 60 GHz drops down to the
noise level in a 2.5 km.

Consequently, more 60 GHz links can be used in the same area without worrying
about interference. Also, the 60 GHz links are far more secure given their limited range.

The main invention of Gi-Fi is to provide higher bit rate. As the name itself indicates
data transfer rate is in Giga bits per second. Speed of Gi-Fi is 5 gbps, which is 10 times the
present data transfer. Because of this high speed data transfer, we can swap large video,

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audio, data files within seconds. Because of wider availability of continuous 7 GHz spectrum
results in high data rates.

3.1.3 Ultra Wide Band Frequency Usage:

UWB, is a technology with high bit rate, high security and faster data transmission. It
is a zero carrier technique with low coverage area. So we have low power consumption.
These features are Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a technology for transmitting information
spread over a large bandwidth (>500 MHz) that should be able to share spectrum with other
users. Regulatory settings of FCC are intended to provide an efficient use of scarce radio
bandwidth while enabling both high data rate personal-area network (PAN) wireless
connectivity and longer-range, low data rate applications as well as radar and imaging
systems.

3.2 Comparison between Gi-Fi, Wi-Fi & Bluetooth:

3.3 Features of GI-FI:

3.3.1 High speed of data transfer:
The main invention of Gi-Fi is to provide higher bit rate. As the name itself indicates
data transfer rate is in Giga bits per second. Speed of Gi-Fi is 5 Gbps, which is 10 times the
present data transfer. Because of this high speed data transfer, we can swap large video,

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audio, data files within seconds. Because of wider availability of continuous 7 GHz spectrum
results in high data rates.

3.3.2 Low Power Consumption:

As the large amount of information transfer it utilizes milli-watts of power only. It
consumes only 2 milli-watt power for data transfer of gigabits of information, where as in
present technologies it takes 10 milli-watt power, which is very high.

3.3.3 High Security:

As the IEEE 802.15.3C provides more security, it provides link level and service
level security, where these features are optional. Point-to-point wireless systems operating at
60 GHz have been used for many years by the intelligence community for high security
communications and by the military for satellite-to satellite communications. The combined
effects of O2 absorption and narrow beam spread result in high security and low interference.

3.3.4 Cost-effective:
Gi-Fi is based on an open, international standard. Mass adoption of the standard, and
the use of low-cost, mass-produced chipsets, will drive costs down dramatically, and the
resultant integrated wireless transceiver chip which transfers data at high speed low power at
low price $10 only which is very less as compare to present systems. As go on development
the price will be decreased.

3.3.5 Small Size:

Fig:3.3- Gi-Fi chip

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The chip is just 5 mm per side, has a tiny 1 mm antenna and uses the 60GHz
‘millimetre-wave’ spectrum.

3.3.6 Quick Deployment:

Compared with the deployment of wired solutions, Wi-MAX requires little or no
external plant construction. For example, excavation to support the trenching of cables is not
required. Operators that have obtained licenses to use one of the licensed bands, or that plan
to use one of the unlicensed bands do not need to submit further applications to the
government. Once the antenna and equipment are installed and powered Gi-Fi is ready for
service. In most cases, deployment of Gi-Fi can be completed in a matter of minutes
compared with hours for other solutions.

3.3.7 Other features :

 High level of frequency re-use enabled communication needs of multiple customers
within a small geographic region can be satisfied

 It is also highly portable we can construct where ever we want.

 It deploys line of sight operation having only shorter coverage area, it has more
flexible architecture.

3.4 Gi-Fi Access Devices:

Fig:3.4 – Gi-Fi access devices

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This figure shows some of the different types of Gi-Fi access devices. This diagram
shows that access devices include network termination units, internal radio modules, network
interface cards, printers, PC’s, all house hold electronic appliances on communication
devices.

3.5 . Advantages of Gi-Fi Technology:

1. High Speed of Data Transfer:
As the name indicates, data transfer of Gi-Fi technology is in Gigabits per second.
Speed of Gi-Fi is 5 Gbps, which is 10 times the data transfer of the existing technologies.
As the high data transfer rate could be transmitted in cellular networks and mobile
phones.

2. Low Power Consumption:

The power consumption of Gi-Fi wireless technology is low as in a range of tiny one-
millimetre-wide antenna and it has less than 2 milli-watts of power consumption that in
comparison to the current wireless technologies.

3. Secure:
Gi-Fi technology has to be more secure as compared to other wireless technologies
such as bluetooth. Operating systems of 60 GHz have been used for years by intelligence
companies for security reasons and by the militants for satellite to satellite communications.

4. Cost Effective :
Coming to the point of cost perspective, it makes use of low cost chipsets, which
drops down the rates dramatically and results in wireless technology with high speed and low
prices. Re-use of high frequency levels is enabled which makes it easier to communicate with
a wide range of customers within a specific geographic region and it makes them cost
efficient.

5. Portability:
As the Gi-Fi is highly portable, which makes it very convenient to construct it
wherever we need it and it also installs the line of sight operations having a short coverage
area, as it offers a versatile architecture. It is highly portable in accessing devices such as in
internal radio modules, network interface cards, network transmission units, in household
appliances.

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6. High Mobility:
As the Gi-Fi offers high mobility and portability, it provides a better coverage area
which allows this technology to go higher and it provides a better data rates at higher speed.

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4. RESULT

In recent years, new wireless local area networks (WLANs) such as Wi-Fi and
wireless personal area networks (WPAN) such as Bluetooth have become available. Wireless
USB, which matches the same range but roughly the same 480 Mbps peak speed of its wired
equivalent. In new trends Gi-Fi wireless technology has been developed and can be
replacement for technologies such as bluetooth and ultra-wideband (UWB). The process of
Gi-Fi would use a chip that transmits at an extremely high 60 GHz frequency versus the 5
GHz used for the fastest forms of Wi-Fi.

The sheer density of the signal would allow a chip to send as much as 5 gigabits per
second. While the spectrum would limit the device to the same 33-foot range as Bluetooth or
UWB, it could theoretically transfer an HD movie to a cell phone in seconds. Mixing and
signal filtering used in Gi-Fi technology would keep the signal strong versus the longer-
ranged but slower and more drop prone Wi-Fi option of today. The chip in Gi-fi would likely
cost is less.

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5. APPLICATIONS

There are many usage scenarios that can be addressed by Gi-Fi. The following are
some mobility usage applications of Gi-Fi.

5.1 House Hold Appliances:

Consumers could typically download a high definition movie from a kiosk in a matter
of seconds to music player or smart phone and having got home could play it on a home
theatre system or store it on a home server for future viewing, again within a few seconds,
high speed internet access, streaming content download (video on demand, HDTV, home
theatre, etc.), real time streaming and wireless data bus for cable replacement. It makes the
wireless home and office of the future.

5.2 Office Appliances:

Fig:5.1 – Office Appliance

As it transfers data at high speeds which made work very easy, it also provides high
quality of information from internet.

5.3 Video information transfer:

By using present technologies video swapping takes hours of time, whereas by this
we can transfer at a speed of Gbps.

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Fig:5.2 – Video Information Transfer

Data transfer rate is same for transfer of information from a PC to a cell or a cell to a
PC. It can enable wireless monitors, the efficient transfer of data from digital camcorders,
wireless printing of digital pictures from a camera without the need for an intervening
personal computer and the transfer of files among cell phone handsets and other handheld
devices like personal digital audio and video players.

5.4 Inter-vehicle communication system:

Fig:5.3 – Inter Vehicle Communication

Gi-Fi technology uses a wide number of applications in inter-vehicle communication

systems as it enables the vehicles to stay connected and go and it also offers better speed of
vehicles in advent of communication system. The data exchange between vehicles is made
possible by ad-hoc networks.

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6. CONCLUSION

Gi-Fi has given and it is conspicuous that more research should be done in the field
of this new wireless technology and its applications .The Bluetooth which covers 9-10mts
range and wi-fi followed 91mts no doubt introduction of wi-fi wireless network has proved a
revolutionary solution to bluetooth problem the standard original limitations for data
exchange rate and range, number of chances, high cost of infrastructure have not yet possible
for wi-fi to become a power network, then towards this problem the better technology despite
the advantages of rate present technologies led to the introduction of new ,more up to date for
data exchange that is GI-FI. The comparison is performed between Gi-Fi and existing
wireless technologies in this paper shows that these features along with some other benefits
that make it suitable to replace the existing wireless technologies. It removes cables that for
many years ruled over the world and provides high speed data transfer rate. Gi-Fi technology
has much number of applications and can be used in many places and devices such as smart
phones, wireless pan networks, media access control and mm-Wave video-signals
transmission systems.

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7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1]. S. Dheeraj and S. Gopichand, 2002,” Gi-Fi: New Era of Wireless

Technology,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 52, no.5, pp. 1195-1203.
[2]. Gowtham S Shetty, 2006,” Gi-Fi: Next Generation Wireless
Technology,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 324- 352.
[3]. Ross and John, 2007,” The book of wireless: a painless guide to Wi-Fi and broadband
wireless,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 38, no.
12, pp. 78-84.
[4]. Sachin Abhyankar, 2009,” Gi-Fi: Emerging Technologies”, IEEE
Trans. Commun., vol. 14, no. 34, pp. 87-95.
[5]. Ramirez, 2011,” On performance of ultra wideband signals in Gaussian noise,” IEEE
Trans. Commun., vol. 67, no. 46, pp. 244-249.
[6]. GI-FI technology “Wikipedia”

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