SENIOR

Precalculus HIGH
SCHOOL

Parabolas: Module

4
vertex at (0,0) Quarter 1
Precalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Parabolas: vertex at (0,0)
First Edition, 2020

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 SENIOR
Precalculus HIGH
SCHOOL

Module

4
Quarter 1

Parabolas:
Vertex at (0,0)
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Precalculus (Senior High School) Module on a Parabolas: vertex at

(0,0)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Precalculus Module on a Parabolas: vertex at (0,0)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module
 EXPECTATIONS

Lesson: PARABOLAS: vertex at (0,0)

This module aims to introduce the parabolas.

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. define a parabola; and,
2. graph a parabola given an equation in vertex form with vertex at (0,0).

PRETEST

Directions: Analyze the following problems. Choose the letter of the best
answer by writing it on your notebook.

1. Given y 2  8x. , which of the following is the opening of the parabola?

a. downward b.to the left c. to the right d. upward

2. Identify the coordinates of the focus of a parabola y 2  8x.

a. (-2, 0) b. (0, -2) c. (0, 2) d. (2, 0)

3. Determine the axis of symmetry of the parabola with vertex at the origin
and focus at (0, 2).

a. 𝑥 = 0 b. 𝑦 = 0 c. 𝑥 = 2 d. 𝑦 = 2

4. It is the set of all points such that its distances from the fixed point
called the focus and the fixed line called the directrix are the same.

a. Circle b. Ellipse c. Line d. Parabola

5. Which of the following is the standard equation of a parabola if it opens

upward?
a. 𝑥 2 = 4𝑐𝑦 b. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑐𝑥 c. 𝑥 2 = −4𝑐𝑦 d. 𝑦 2 = −4𝑐𝑥
 RECAP

In your previous lesson, the circle with center (0,0) and radius r has
the equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
How about the equation of a circle with center at (h, k)?
The circle with center (h, k) and radius r has the equation
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
In the equation (𝒙 − 𝟔)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟗, can you identify the center and the
radius of the given equation?
The center in the given equation is (𝟔, 𝟓) and the radius is 3.

LESSON

What are the uses of parabolas?

Here is the image of a satellite dish.

Photo taken from https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-

photo-of-pink-flowers-near-satellite-dish-2794250/

A satellite is a perfect example of the reflective properties of parabola.

The signals that are received are directly sent to the focus, which are then
correctly reflected to a receiver. These signals are then interpreted and are
transmitted as channels on our TV.
And here is another image.

Photo taken from https://www.pexels.com/photo/america-

architecture-bay-boat-208745/

The cables that act as a suspension on the bridge are parabolas.

These are only few examples that use parabolas.

Definition:
A parabola is the set of all points
on the plane which are equidistant
from a fixed point (called the focus)
and a fixed line (called the directrix).

Each colored segment has the same length.

Standard Equation of Parabola with Vertex at (0,0)

In the given graph,
 the vertex is the point of origin: V(𝟎, 𝟎).
 the focus of the parabola is at F(𝟎, 𝒄).
 the directrix is the line 𝒚 = −𝒄.
 the focal distance is c. Distance from the origin to the focus and from
the origin to the directrix.
 the point (𝒙, 𝒚) represents any point on the curve.
 the axis of symmetry of this parabola is the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and the equation
is 𝒙 = 𝟎.
 the length of latus rectum that pass through the focus is 4c.

Standard Equation of Parabola with Vertex at (0,0)

In the given graph,

 the vertex is the point of origin: V(𝟎, 𝟎).
 the focus of the parabola is at F(𝟎, −𝒄).
 the directrix is the line 𝒚 = 𝒄.
 the focal distance is c. Distance from the origin to the focus and from
the origin to the directrix.
 the point (𝒙, 𝒚) represents any point on the curve.
 the axis of symmetry of this parabola is the 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and the equation
is 𝒙 = 𝟎.
 the length of latus rectum that pass through the focus is 4c.

If we interchange the roles of x and y in the equation

 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒄𝒚

the equation becomes

𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒄𝒙, 𝒄>𝟎

Standard Equation of Parabola with Vertex at (0,0)

In the given graph,

 the vertex is the point of origin: V(0,0).
 the focus of the parabola is at F(𝑐, 0).
 the directrix is the line 𝑥 = −𝑐.
 the focal distance is c. Distance from the origin to the focus and from
the origin to the directrix.
 the point (𝑥, 𝑦) represents any point on the curve.
 the axis of symmetry of this parabola is the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and the equation
is 𝑦 = 0.
 the length of latus rectum that pass through the focus is 4c.

Standard Equation of Parabola with Vertex at (0,0)

In the given graph,

 the vertex is the point of origin: V(𝟎, 𝟎).

 the focus of the parabola is at F(−𝒄, 𝟎).
 the directrix is the line 𝒙 = 𝒄.
 the focal distance is c. Distance from the origin to the focus and from
the origin to the directrix.
 the point (𝒙, 𝒚) represents any point on the curve.
 the axis of symmetry of this parabola is the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and the equation
is 𝒚 = 𝟎.
 the length of latus rectum that pass through the focus is 4c.

Example:
Find the equation of a parabola having the given properties:
1. with focus at (1,0) and directrix the line given by 𝑥 = −1.

Solution:

Focus: (𝑐, 0)

In (1,0), the value of c is 1. Since point (1,0) is located on the

x-axis to the right of the point of origin, the parabola opens to the
right. Since the standard equation of a parabola that opens to the
right is 𝑦 2 = 4𝑐𝑦, substituting the value of 𝑐 = 1 in the standard
equation,
𝑦 2 = 4(1)𝑥 will give us 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙. Therefore, the equation that satisfies
the given properties is 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙.
 2. with vertex at the origin, axis of symmetry is the y-axis and passing
through the point (4, -2).

Solution: given point (4, -2)→ (𝑥, 𝑦)

Axis of symmetry: vertical

Parabola opens downward
Standard equation: 𝑥 2 = −4𝑐𝑦
Substitute the value of x and y in the standard equation
𝑥 2 = −4𝑐𝑦
42 = −4𝑐(−2)
16 = 8𝑐 → 𝑐 = 2
Substitute the value of c in the equation 𝑥 2 = −4𝑐𝑦 → 𝑥 2 = −4(2)𝑦,
will give us 𝒙𝟐 = −𝟖𝒚.

Example 1. Draw a sketch of the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥.

Solution:
Find the value of c.

𝑦 2 = 4𝑐 𝑥 standard equation (opens to the right)

𝑦 2 = 4 𝑥 given equation

4𝑐 = 4 → 𝑐 = 1
Find the following:

Vertex: (0,0)

Focus: (𝑐, 0) → (1, 0)

Directrix: 𝑥 = −𝑐 → 𝑥 = −1

Length of Latus Rectum: 4𝑐 = 4(1) = 4 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Example 2. Draw a sketch of the parabola 𝑥 2 = −8𝑦
Solution:
Find the value of c.
𝑥 2 = −4𝑐 𝑦 standard equation (opens downward)
𝑥 2 = −8 𝑦 given equation
−4𝑐 = −8 → 𝑐 = 2
Find the following:
Vertex: (0,0)
Focus: (0, −𝑐) → (0, −2)
Directrix: 𝑦 = 𝑐 → 𝑦 = 2
Length of Latus Rectum: 4𝑐 = 4(2) = 8𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

ACTIVITIES

Directions: Analyze the given equations. Answer it on your notebook.

A. Identify the opening of a parabola:

Equation Opening
1. 𝑥 2 = 8𝑦 ______________

2. 𝑥 2 = −8𝑦 ______________

3. 𝑥 2 = −6𝑦 ______________

4. 𝑥 2 = 12𝑦 ______________
1
5. 𝑥 2 = − 4 𝑦 ______________

6. 𝑦 2 = 9𝑥 ______________

7. 𝑦 2 = −9𝑥 ______________

8. 𝑦 2 = −6𝑥 ______________

9. 𝑦 2 = 14𝑥 ______________
2
10. 𝑦 2 = − 5 𝑥 ______________
B. Find the equation of a parabola having the given properties. Draw a

sketch of the parabola.

1. with focus at (0,-4) and directrix the line given by 𝑦 = 4.

2. axis of symmetry is the x-axis and passing through the point (-2,-4).

WRAP UP

VALUING
 Our lesson shows the different openings of a parabola. In real life, you
will encounter challenges that open different opportunities and will surely
help fulfill your purpose here on earth. Always be ready to embrace the ups
and downs in life.
As grade 11 student, what are those challenges that you think will
open opportunities for you to grow and lead you to the right path towards
achieving your goals in life?

POSTTEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer by writing it on a separate

sheet of paper or notebook.

A. Multiple Choice

1. Given 𝑦 2 = −8𝑥, which of following is the opening of the parabola?

a. downward b.to the left c. to the right d. upward
2. Identify the coordinates of the focus of a parabola 𝑦 2 = −8𝑥.
a. (-2, 0) b. (0, -2) c. (0, 2) d. (2, 0)
3. Determine the axis of symmetry of the parabola with vertex at the origin
and focus at (0, -2).
a. 𝑥 = 0 b.𝑦 = 0 c. 𝑥 = 2 d. 𝑦 = 2
4. Determine the equation of the directrix with vertex at the origin and

focus at (0, -2).

a. 𝑥 = 0 b.𝑦 = 0 c. 𝑥 = 2 d. 𝑦 = 2

5. Which of the following is the standard equation of a parabola if it opens

to the left?

a. 𝑥 2 = 4𝑐𝑦 b. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑐𝑥 c. 𝑥 2 = −4𝑐𝑦 d. 𝑦 2 = −4𝑐𝑥

B. Find the standard equation of a parabola satisfying the given conditions.
Sketch the graph.

1. with focus at (7,0) and directrix the line given by 𝑥 = −7.

2. axis of symmetry is the x-axis and passing through the point (-3,6).

KEY TO CORRECTION

10.LEFT
A 5.
9. RIGHT
D 4.
8. LEFT
A 3.
7. LEFT
D 2.
6. RIGHT
C 1.
5. DOWNWARD
PRE-TEST ANSWER KEY 4. UPWARD
3. DOWNWARD
2. DOWNWARD
1. UPWARD
ACTIVITY A

2. 𝑦 2 = −8𝑥 1. 𝑥 2 = −16𝑦

ACTIVITIES B
 REFERENCES

BOOK

Cuaresma, Genaro A. et al. 2004. Analytic Geometry and Calculus 1: A

Worktext for Math 26. Los Baños, Laguna: Institute of Mathematical
Sciences and Physics, University of the Philippines.

Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2016. Precalculus

Learner's Material.

Leithold, Louis. 1989. College Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison Wesley

Longman Inc., reprinted by Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2002.

WEBSITE

Bourne, Murray. “The Parabola.” Interactive Mathematics. Accessed June 1,

2020. https://www.intmath.com/plane-analytic-geometry/4-
parabola.php

Pexels. “Golden Gate Bridge” Accessed June 1, 2020.

https://www.pexels.com/photo/america-architecture-bay-boat-
208745/

Pexels. “Shallow Focus Photo of Pink Flowers Near Satellite Dish” Accessed
June 1, 2020. https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-photo-of-
pink-flowers-near-satellite-dish-2794250/