PART OF

Guide to Index Fund Investing

FUND TRADING INDEX TRADING STRATEGY & EDUCATION

Index
By JAMES CHEN | Reviewed by GORDON SCOTT | Updated Dec 21, 2020

What Is an Index?
An index is a method to track the performance of a group of assets in a standardized way.
Indexes typically measure the performance of a basket of securities intended to replicate a
certain area of the market. These could be a broad-based index that captures the entire market,
such as the Standard & Poor's 500 Index or Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), or more
specialized such as indexes that track a particular industry or segment.

KEY TAKEAWAYS
An index measures the price performance of a basket of securities using a standardized
metric and methodology.
Indexes in financial markets are often used as benchmarks to evaluate an investment's
performance against.
Passive index investing has become a popular low-cost way to replicate the returns of
popular indices such as the S&P 500 Index or Dow Jones Industrial Average.

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PRECIS (Preserved Context Index System)

 July 03, 2019

PRECIS Preserved Context Index System

PRECIS (PRESERVED CONTEXT INDEX SYSTEM)

PRECIS is an acronym for  PREserved Context Index System  or  PREserved Context Indexing System.  PRECIS is a comput
pre-coordinate subject indexing system developed by Derek Austin in 1968 as a result of long research which the Cl
Research Group (CRG) undertook to give a new general classification for information control. In 1969 British librar
Austin and Peter Butcher issued  PRECIS: A rotated subject index system, published by the Council of the Britis
Bibliography. This appears to be the first published report on an innovative method for adding subject data in t
descriptors to the computerized MARC record. This system is considered as the most important development in a
approach to subject specification in recent years.

The system aims at providing an alphabetical subject index which is able to cater to the variant approaches of the u
with their context. In order to achieve this objective, the system arranges the components of a document,   into a
sequence, thus, all the important components in the string are used as approach points. Simultaneously, the
displayed in such a fashion that every term is related to the next term in a context dependent way. Moreover, th
amenable to computer operation, which further adds to the advantage of the system as the entries will be pre
arranged automatically by the computer.

Contents

 Essential Features of PRECIS

 Concept of PRECIS
 PRECIS Indexing Procedure
 Primary Operators
 Secondary Operators
 Primary Codes
 Format of Entry
 Filing Order
 Conclusion
Predicate Transformation Format

The Predicate Transformation Format is used when the term representing an agent (3) appears as a lead term prefi
of the operators 2 or  s or  t.  When such a situation arises, 2 or s or t is shifted to Display position from the Qualifier

Inverted Format

PRECIS makes the use of inverted format when any term is provided the role operators (4), (5) or (6) and these ter
as Lead terms. When it happens so, the  dependent  elements are  presented in italics (or underlined if handwritt
hyphen and the terms in the Qualifier position are printed in the Display position.

Filing Order

PRECIS follows a two-line three-part format for the display  of its  entries, as a  result, it follows a distinct filing or
broad alphabetization. When a number of entries appear under similar lead terms, they are further arranged by th
as follows.

    LIBRARIES Bangladesh
Personnel.  Recruitment

    LIBRARIES India
Inter-Library Loans

Conclusion

PRECIS was first adopted by  BNB, later  on, a number of agencies went to accept the system. Among the oth
bibliographies that adopted PRECIS are   Australia,  Malaysia, and South Africa. Besides these, a number of librarie
are practicing it. A number of pilot projects are also practicing and for creating indexes to statistical, public
records.  PRECIS was replaced at the British National Bibliography (BNB) by COMPASS in 1996, which was later r
Library of Congress Subject Headings.

USED FOR
 Preserved Context Index System
 Preserved Context Indexing System

REFERENCES
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POPSI (Postulate-Based Permuted Subject Indexing)

 July 03, 2019

POPSI (POSTULATE-BASED PERMUTED SUBJECT INDEXING)


The inherent weakness of chain indexing has been its dependence on a scheme of classification. Another weakness
disappearing chain. In view of this situation, the information scientists at the Documentation Research and Training
(DRTC), Banglore, directed themselves from these limitations; the Postulate Based Permuted Subject Indexing (POPS
results of these efforts. It was developed by Ganesh Bhattacharya.

POPSI does not depend on the Class Number but is based on Ranganathan’s postulates and principles of general the
classification.

POPSI  is specifically based on:

(a) a set of postulated Elementary Categories (ECs) of the elements fit to form component of subject proposition.

Elementary Categories are:

Discipline (D) - It covers conventional field of study, e.g. Chemistry, Physics, etc.,

Entity (E) - e.g. Plant, Lens, Eye, Book, etc.,

Action (A) - e.g. Treatment, Migration, etc; and

Property (P) - It includes ideas denoting the concept of ‘attribute’ – qualitative or quantitative. e.g. Power, Capacity, P
etc.

(b) a set of rules of syntax with reference to ECs

The Syntax is based on Ranganathan’s general theory of classification.

(c) a set of indicator digits or notations to denote the ECs and their subdivisions. It is got by POPSI table as given belo

POPSI Table

0 = Form modifier

1 = General treatment

2 = Phase relation

2.1 = general

2.2 = bias

2.3 = comparison

2.4 = similarity

2.5 = difference 
(ii) Chemotherapy
            7 Medicine…       …

(iv) Lungs
            7 Medicine  …       …

(iv) Tuberculosis
            7 Medicine  …       …

Conclusion

POPSI is certainly an extension of Chain Indexing,  though they differ from each other. POPSI has successfully solved
problem of disappearing chain which was a major criticism against chain indexing. POPSI made the indexing system
classification scheme because this system is based on the general theory of classification and is not tagged with any
classification scheme.

USED FOR
 Postulate-Based Permuted Subject Indexing

REFERENCES

. Information Access Through The Subject : An Annotated Bibliography / by Salman Haider. -

OpenThesis, 2015. (408 pages ; 23 cm.) 

SEE ALSO
 Glossary of Library & Information Science
 Library and Information Science Encyclopedia

ARTICLE AUTHOR
 Salman Haider - Librarian Cataloger Author Blogger

ARTICLE HISTORY
 Last Updated: 2019-07-04
 Written 2017-05-04

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