4/9/2021 Cosmogony - Wikipedia

Cosmogony
Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of either the cosmos or the universe.[1][2][3]

Contents
Overview
Scientific theories
Mythology
Compared with cosmology
See also
References
External links

Overview

Scientific theories

In astronomy, cosmogony refers to the study of the origin of

particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly
used in reference to the origin of the universe, the Solar System, or
the Earth–Moon system.[1][2] The prevalent cosmological model of
the early development of the universe is the Big Bang theory.[4]

Sean M. Carroll, who specializes in theoretical cosmology and field

theory, explains two competing explanations for the origins of the
singularity, which is the center of a space in which a characteristic is
limitless.[5] (One example of a singularity is the singularity of a black
hole, where gravity becomes infinite.) The Big Bang theory, which states
that the universe originally
It is generally accepted that the universe began at a point of expanded from high or infinite
singularity. When the singularity of the universe started to expand, density, is widely accepted by
the Big Bang occurred, which evidently began the universe. The physicists.
other explanation, held by proponents such as Stephen Hawking,
asserts that time did not exist when it emerged along with the
universe. This assertion implies that the universe does not have a beginning, as time did not exist "prior"
to the universe. Hence, it is unclear whether properties such as space or time emerged with the
singularity and the known universe.[5][6]

Despite the research, there is currently no theoretical model that explains the earliest moments of the
universe's existence (during the Planck epoch) due to a lack of a testable theory of quantum gravity.
Nevertheless, researchers of string theory, its extensions (such as M theory), and of loop quantum
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cosmology, like Barton Zwiebach and Washington Taylor, have proposed solutions to assist in the
explanation of the universe's earliest moments.[7] Cosmogonists have only tentative theories for the early
stages of the universe and its beginning. The proposed theoretical scenarios include string theory, M-
theory, the Hartle—Hawking initial state, string landscape, cosmic inflation, the Big Bang, and the
ekpyrotic universe. Some of these proposed scenarios, like the string theory, are compatible, whereas
others are not.[8]

Mythology

In mythology, creation or cosmogonic myths are narratives

describing the beginning of the universe or cosmos.

Some methods of the creation of the universe in mythology include:

the will or action of a supreme being or beings,

the process of metamorphosis,
the copulation of female and male deities,
from chaos,
or via a cosmic egg.[9]

Creation myths may be etiological, attempting to provide

explanations for the origin of the universe. For instance, Eridu
Genesis, the oldest known creation myth, contains an account of the
creation of the world in which the universe was created out of a
primeval sea (Abzu).[10][11] Creation myths vary, but they may share
similar deities or symbols. For instance, the ruler of the gods in The Sumerian tablet cotaining parts
Greek mythology, Zeus, is similar to the ruler of the gods in Roman of the Eridu Genesis.
mythology, Jupiter. [12] Another example is the ruler of the gods in
Tagalog mythology, Bathala, who is similar to various rulers of
certain pantheons within Philippine mythology such as the Bisaya's Kaptan.[13][14]

Compared with cosmology

In the humanities, the distinction between cosmogony and cosmology is blurred. For example, in
theology, the cosmological argument for the existence of God is an appeal to ideas concerning the origin
of the universe and is thus cosmogonical. [15]

However, in astronomy, cosmogony can be distinguished from cosmology, which studies the universe
and its existence, but does not necessarily inquire into its origins. There is therefore a scientific
distinction between cosmological and cosmogonical ideas. Physical cosmology is the science that
attempts to explain all observations relevant to the development and characteristics of the universe on
its largest scale. Some questions regarding the behaviour of the universe have been described by some
physicists and cosmologists as being extra-scientific or metaphysical. Attempted solutions to such
questions may include the extrapolation of scientific theories to untested regimes (such as the Planck
epoch), or the inclusion of philosophical or religious ideas.[6][15][4]

See also

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Anthropic principle – Philosophical premise that all scientific observations presuppose a universe
compatible with the emergence of sentient organisms that make those observations
Chronology of the universe – History and future of the universe
Heat death of the universe – Possible fate of the universe

References
1. Ridpath, Ian (2012). A Dictionary of Astronomy. Oxford University Press.
2. Woolfson, Michael Mark (1979). "Cosmogony Today". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical
Society. 20 (2): 97–114. Bibcode:1979QJRAS..20...97W (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979QJ
RAS..20...97W).
3. Staff. "γίγνομαι – come into a new state of being" (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=ge/
gona&la=greek). Tufts University. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
4. Wollack, Edward J. (10 December 2010). "Cosmology: The Study of the Universe" (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20110514230003/http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/). Universe 101: Big Bang Theory.
NASA. Archived from the original (http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/) on 14 May 2011. Retrieved
27 April 2011.
5. Carroll, Sean (28 April 2012). "A Universe from Nothing?" (http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmi
cvariance/2012/04/28/a-universe-from-nothing/#.XMQHyM9KhmA). Science for the Curious.
Retrieved 22 April 2019.
6. Carroll, Sean; Carroll, Sean M. (2003). Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General
Relativity. Pearson.
7. "String Theory/Holography/Gravity" (http://ctp.lns.mit.edu/research-strings.html). Center for
Theoretical Physics. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
8. Becker, Katrin; Becker, Melanie; Schwartz, John (2007). String Theory and M-Theory. Cambridge,
UK: Cambridge University Press.
9. Long, Charles. "Creation Myth" (https://www.britannica.com/topic/creation-myth#ref1239147).
Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
10. "Eridu Genesis Mesopotamia Epic" (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eridu-Genesis). Encyclopaedia
Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 20 July 1998. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
11. Morris, Charles (1897). "The Primeval Ocean". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. 49: 12–17. JSTOR 4062253 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/4062253).
12. Thury, Eva; Devinney, Margaret (2017). Introduction to Mythology Contemporary Approaches to
Classical and World Myths, 4th ed. Madison Avenue, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 4, 187.
13. Garverza, J. K. (2014). The Myths of the Philippines. University of the Philippines.
14. Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.
15. Smeenk, Christopher; Ellis, George (Winter 2017). "Philosophy of Cosmology" (https://plato.stanford.
edu/archives/win2017/entries/cosmology/). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 30 April
2019.

External links
Media related to Cosmogony at Wikimedia Commons

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