Cerebellum

 External configuration
 Lobulation
 Gray matter
 White matter
Cerebellar pedncles

Diana BASMA group 16

Median sagittal section of the brain, known as Charcot le Traité
complet de l'anatomie de l'homme de Bourgery et Jacob
 General Features of Cerebellum
 controls equilibrium, it influences posture & muscle tone
and coordinates the movements.
 largest part of the hindbrain, present in the posterior
cranial fossa below the cerebral hemispheres, separated
from them by the dural fold ‘’Tentorium Cerebelli’’
 lies posterior to pons and medulla oblongata with the 4th
ventricle between
 External features
 Two Cerebellar Hemispheres
 Midline Vermis.
 It has an anterior notch lodging pons and medulla
oblongata, and a posterior notch lodging the dural
fold "falx cerebelli".
 High convoluted, forming folds or folia, being
oriented transversely brain
 Connection
It is attached to the back of the Brainstem
via 3 cerebellar peduncles
 External features
Three deep fissures:

 primary fissure
 Horizontal fissure
 Posterolateral fissure

Three lobs:
 Anterior lobe: anterior to primary fissure
 Posterior lobe: posterior to primary fissure
 Flocculonodular lobe: separated from the posterior
lobe by the posterolateral fissure.
 Surfaces
horizontal fissure separat the superior surface from
the inferior surface.
Superior surface shows no distinction between
vermis & hemispheres
Inferior surface shows deep depression between 2
hemispheres called vallecula & vermis lies in this
depression Vermis is separated from cerebellar
hemispheres by paramedian sulcus
 cerebellar hemisphere
Vermis is divided into 9 parts and Each part of the
cerebellar hemisphere are connected to the respective
part of the vermis, forming hemisphere lobules.
• ala of the central lobule,
•anterior quadrangular lobule,
•posterior quadrangular
•superior semilunar lobule
• inferior semilunar lobule,
•biventral lobule
•Tonsil
•flocculus
 Functional lobes of the cerebellum

1.Archi-cerebellum
2. Paleo-cerebellum
3. Neo-cerebellum
Functional lobes
Archicerebellum– connections are vestibular & related with maintenance of
body & equilibrium
Paleocerebellum – connections to spinal cord & related with maintenance of
muscle tone & finer control of movements
Neocerebellum - connections with cerebral cortex & related with fine co-
ordination 3. of voluntary movements
Gray matter of the cerebellum

The gray matter of the cerebellum is located both deep inside the
organ, to form the cerebellar nuclei, and as a continuous layer on
the entire surface of the organ, to form the cerebellar cortex The
cerebellar
 Cerebellar Cortex
Cerebellar cortex

 Molecular layer.
• Stellate cells
• Basket cells.
 Purkinje cell layer.
• Granule cell layer
• Golgi cells.
Gray matter of the cerebellum
 Cerebellar cortex
It is present on the surface, showing many transverse parallel fissures. It has the same histological
structure in all areas.
• Granule cells.
• Purkinje cells: the key cells, receiving 2 types of afferent fibers (direct climbing: from olivary
nuclei) and (indirect Moytne remaining afferent fibers after relay in granule cells).
• Purkinje cell axons are inhibitory to all cerebellar nuclei. In archi- cerebellum only, these axons
project directly to vestibular nuclei.
Gray matter of the cerebellum
Cerebellar nuclei
They are embedded within the white matter.
They are:
Fastigial nucleus: medially.
 Dentate nucleus; laterally
Interposed nuclei in between: globose and
emboliform nuclei.
 Fastigial nucleus
fastigial nucleus or medial cerebellar nucleus is
located close to the midline and the roof of the
fourth ventricle, inside the vermis is a small,
rounded nucleus is the oldest cerebellar.
 nucleus receives afferents from the cortex of
the cerebellar vermis.
 sends efferents to the vestibular nuclei and
reticulate formation through the inferior
cerebellar peduncle;
 Interpositus nucleus
Interpositus nucleus located lateral to the previous presents two parts:
anterior : globose nucleus , posterior emboliform nucleus.
receives afferents from the medial part of the hemispheric cerebellar
cortex
 sends efferents to the magnocellular part of rec nucleus (paleorubrum)
through the superior cerebellar peduncle;
Dentate Nucleus
Dentate nucleus or lateral cerebellar nucleus is
the most lateral nucleus very similar in shape with
the principal inferior olivary nucleus: a wrinkled
gray matter plate curved like a horseshoe the
medially oriented opening is named hilum; it is
almost closed by the emboliform nucleus the
newest cerebellar nucleus
receives afferents from the lateral part of the
hemispheric cerebellar cortex
sends efferents to the parvocellular part of the
red nucleus (neorubrum) and to the motor nuclei
of the thalamus through the superior cerebellar
peduncle.
 White Matter
 Arbor vitae cerebelli, it is the white matter of the
cerebellum, Brings sensory and motor sensation to
and from cerebellum.
 Central core is white matter in each cerebellar
hemisphere.
 White matter of cerebellum
•Fibres leaving and enter
cerebellum pass through 3 thick
bundles called as superior,
Middle,inferior cerebellar
peduncles
It consists of different types of
fibres .
 Types of fibers in the white Matter
1. Afferent fibres – entering cerebellum from outside
2. Projection fibres – from cerebellar cortex to cerebellar nuclei .
3. Association fibres - interconnecting different parts of cerebellar cortex
4. Commissure fibres – connecting two cerebellar hemispheres
5. Fibres from cerebellum to centers outside cerebellum
 Main connections of cerebellum
Main afferents of cerebellum are

1. Spinocerebellar - end in paleocerebellum

2. Pontocerebellar – end in neocerebellum
3. Olivocerebellar - end in neocerebellum
4. Vestibulocerebellar
5. Reticulocerebellar
 Main connections of cerebellum
Main efferents of cerebellum are
1. Cerebello-rubral
2. Cerebello-thalamic
3. Cerebello-vestibular
4. Cerebello-reticular
 Cerebellar peduncles
Three fiber bundles carry the input and output of the
cerebellum.

1.The inferior cerebellar peduncle primarily

contains afferent fibers from the medulla, as well as
efferents to the vestibular nuclei.

2.The middle cerebellar peduncle primarily contains

afferents from the pontine nuclei.

3.The superior cerebellar peduncle primarily

contains efferent fibers from the cerebellar nuclei, as
well as some afferents from the spinocerebellar tract.
 Sources
https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/m/s3/chapter05.html

https://www.britannica.com/science/cerebellum

https://www.intechopen.com/books/neurodegenerative-
diseases-molecular-mechanisms-and-current-therapeutic-
approaches/cerebellum-its-anatomy-functions-and-diseases

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVsrexn3pT8

http://www.leonte.eu/lectures/2-03.php