SOCIOLINGUISTICS

“SUMMARY OF RESEARCH METHOD ON SOCIOLINGUISTICS”

BY :
NI PUTU KRISNI FEBRIANTY

1801541027

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY

2021
 Creswell, who states that "research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze
information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue". Systematic research and
examination of materials and sources in order to create facts and draw new conclusions.
Sociolinguistic research seeks to better understand how we, as speakers, use language to
inhabit and negotiate our many personal, cultural, and social identities and roles by exploring
social and linguistic diversity. Systematic planning and the establishment of time-based,
practical goals are essential components of successful research. It includes practicable testing
methods based on a research methodology that is most appropriate for the nature of your
research issue. In doing a sociolinguistics research we will always dealing with 3 kinds of
thing. Not only in the field of sociolinguistics research these kind of three things also
important in any kind of research field :
1. Object of research
2. How is the research carried out ?
3. How is the result reported ?
1. OBJECT OF RESEARCH
In object of research there are so many topic that you can choose to your research.
The topic what you have learned before can become the topic of your research. These all
depends on what you are interested in. Here are some topic areas for sociolinguistics
research: What is Sociolinguistics? (this could be a concept that will analyze of what actually
sociolinguistics study is); Varieties (the research can look at into any term of English
variation); Vernacular; Standard Language; Lingua francas; Pidgin and Creoles; Language
and Dialects; Regional Dialect; Social Dialect, Idiolect , etc; Style and Register; Language
maintenance and Shift; Language Shift; Factors contributing to Language shift; Language
death, loss and decay; Language Maintenance, Language attitude; Politeness and Solidarity;
Politeness in Language; Address Forms; Language change; Language and Gender; Languge
Planning.

2. HOW IS THE RESEARCH CARRIED OUT ?

After you fixing what is topic being chosen, now continue with the step how the
research carried out. In every study there must be a research method. The strategies,
procedures, or techniques used in the gathering of data or facts for study in order to discover
new knowledge or obtain a deeper understanding of a subject are known as research methods.
It is important, research methods help us get a solution to a problem. Creswell (2002) noted
that quantitative research is the process of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the
results of a study, while qualitative research is the approach to data collection, analysis, and
report writing differing from the traditional, quantitative approaches.
(1) Qualitative Vs Quantitative
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text,
video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. Qualitative research is
commonly used in the humanities and social sciences, in subjects such as anthropology,
sociology, education, health sciences, history, etc. In contrast Quantitative research is the
process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and
averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider
populations.
You can do fully qualitative or quantitative. Or qualitative alone, quantitaive alone.
Also, you can try to combine those two types of research. Nowadays, most of the research
done by combining those two types of research, both qualitative and quantitative or in
contrast, quantitative and qualitative.
(2) Field work Vs Library research
These two things is a kind of research according to location, not method of collecting
data. Field work is defined as a qualitative method of data collection that aims to observe,
interact and understand people while they are in a natural environment , you go to the
location and do the documentation. In contrast, the step-by-step method of gathering
information in order to write a document, make a presentation, or finish a project is known as
library research. Identifying and finding relevant information, evaluating what you find, and
then creating and sharing your ideas are all part of the research process.
 Data source (A data source is the location where data that is being used originates
from), this included :
- Primary Vs Secondary data
- Subject vs Object of research
- Population and sample
- Informant
 Method of Collecting Data (is defined as the procedure of collecting, measuring and
analyzing accurate insights for research using standard validated techniques), such as :
- Observation
- Interview
- Survey
- Documentation
 In method of collecting data. The important things that need to remember they are,
what kind of data you want to get, who are going to be interviewed, and how you are
going to interview people. These all describing in detail in method of collecting data
of research.
Method of Analysing Data
The systematic application of statistical and logical techniques to describe the data
scope, modularize the data structure, condense the data representation, illustrate via images,
tables, and graphs, and evaluate statistical inclinations, probability data, to derive meaningful
conclusions, is known as Data Analysis. After you get the data, the you may start to analyze
the data by following steps :
1. Qualitative :
- Organize and prepare the data
- Observe through all data
- Coding process
- Theme Categorisation
- Naration
- Interpetation
2. Quantitative :
- Observing member of sample
- Response bias
- Recognize variable (dependent vs independent)
- Plan to develop scales
- Identify statistical procedures to test hypothesis
- Intepretation of the results.

3. HOW IS THE RESULT REPORTED ?

The purpose of a Research Report is to demonstrate or develop your ability to
undertake a complete piece of research including research design, and an appreciation of its
significance in the field. This could be :
1. Paper : A research paper is an essay in which you explain what you have learned
after exploring your topic in depth. In a research paper, you include information from
sources such as books, articles, interviews, and Internet sites. You also use your own
ideas, knowledge, and opinions.
 2. Journal : A journal is a scholarly publication containing articles written by
researchers, professors and other experts. Journals focus on a specific discipline or
field of study. Unlike newspapers and magazines, journals are intended for an
academic or technical audience, not general readers.
3. Thesis : A thesis is an idea or theory that is expressed as a statement and is
discussed in a logical way. A thesis is a long piece of writing based on your own ideas
and research that you do as part of a university degree, especially a higher degree such
as a PhD.
QUESTIONS :
1. What usually become the most common problem when we are doing a research, is that
from data source or else?
2. In relation with the question number one, what is our preparation before doing the research
in accordance to avoid that problem ?
3. Why research is very important ?

REFERENCES :
Creswell, J.W. 2009. Research Design : Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches. Singapore: Sage Publication Ltd.
Holmes, J. 1992. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. Oxford : Blackwell.
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, March 19). Research. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 07:50, March 30, 2021, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Research&oldid=1013033128