1.

(a) (i) melting

(ii) evaporation
(iii) sublimation
(b) The particles are arranged regularly in layers and vibrating while
touching each other.
2.(a)
✔
✔

(b)(i) 8
(ii) OH-
(c) 4Na + O2  2Na2O
3.(a)

Set up the experiment as shown in the diagram. Drop each ink on the
pencil line after awhile dyes contained will appear. Use a locating agent to
locate the positions of the dyes.
(b) If drawn with ink, the ink will dissolve in the solvent where as the pencil
line wouldn’t.
(c)(i) V because the dyes in it didn’t travel in the chromatography paper
therefore no dyes are visible.
(ii) X and Z because one of the dyes in them travelled the farthest and have
the highest Rf values.
(iii) W and V because one spot of dye is only shown in each of them.
(d) Rf value = distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent
= 4.3/6.5
= 0.66 (2 sig.)
4.(a) Compound only containing hydrogen and carbon atoms.
(b)(i) C5H12 + 8O2  6H2O + 5CO2
(ii) 1 Water
2 Carbon monoxide
(iii) ???
(iv)

(c)(i) CnH2n
(ii) Contains a C=C bond
(iii) With bromine water , the solution will turns orange to colorless.
5.a(i) ???
(ii) B
(ii) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(c)
(d)(i) When concentration is increased, volume per unit increases.
Therefore there are more collisions between the particles. So rate of
collisions increase, making the rate of reaction faster.
(ii) The particles gain thermal energy so they move faster. Rate of collisions
increased. Rate of reaction increases as the particles have more than the
significant energy required to react.
6(a)
C : H : Cl
38.4/12 4.8/1 56.8/35.5
Mole: 3.2/1.6 4.8/1.6 1.6/1.6
2 3 1
Therefore= C2H3Cl
(b)(i) Fe2Cl3
(ii) To speed up the rate of reaction
(iii) Energy is given out from the reaction.
(iv) D
(c)(i)

(ii)

7.(a)(i) Mg2+ and NO3-

(ii) Put excess amount of magnesium oxide into the beaker containing
dilute acid. Stir the mixture until the solid stops dissolving. Filter the excess
solid with filter paper. Then the heat the filtrate to the point of crystallization.
Let the crystals cool down and wipe between with filter paper.
(b)(i) 24 + (2 x 14) + (16 x 3 x 2) + (1 x 6 x 2) + (6 x 16) = 256
(ii) Max. mass = 0.05/2 x 256 = 6.4g
(iii) Percentage yield = 4.8/6.4 x 100% = 75%
8(a)(i) sodium hydroxide + nitric acid = sodium nitrate + water
(ii) Polystyrene cup is better insulator than beaker, so it makes the
experiment more accurate because less heat is loss.
(iii) Wear protective gloves.
(b)

9.(a) Diamond has a tetrahedral structure with one carbon atom is joined to
4 other carbon atoms. It is a giant molecular structure with strong covalent
bonds which makes it has a high melting point.
(b)(i) Because in fullerene only 3 carbon atoms is bonded to one carbon
atom this makes the bonds weaker hence a lower melting point.
(ii) Fullerene has low melting point so it is easily digested without harming
the body.
(c) In graphite carbon atoms are in hexagonal arrangement with one
carbon atom bonding to three other carbon atoms. The bonds have weak
forces between them. It is soft because when a force is applied the bonds
break. Graphite has delocalized electrons so it is a conductor of electricity.
10(a)(i) Because it is in excess which means all the copper(II)sulfate will
reacts.
(ii) from colorless to brown
(b)(i) ΔQ = mc ΔT
= 25 x 4.18 x (31.5-19)
= 1306
(ii) mole = mass / Mr (iii) ΔH = (1300/1000) / 0.0125 = 104kJ/mol
Mole= 2 / 159.5
= 0.0125