The Three Territorial Domains

1. Terrestrial Domain - refers to the land, this could be agricultural,

residential and industrial lands. Moreover, this also includes the park, forest
and mineral areas of the Philippines
2. Fluvial Domain - refers to the water, this could be seas, rivers, oceans,
lakes, canals, ports and harbors
Internal or National Water - include rivers, lakes, canals, ports, harbors, gulfs
and bays and waters around, between and connecting the islands of the
archipelago
The grounding of the USS Guardian at Tubbataha Reef in the waters of
Palawan. Damage 235.67 square meters of the reef. Slavage - cut each part
of the ship and remove it one by one. Fine of P58 million. Amount was based
on the fines stipulated in RA 10067 or the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park Act
of 2009
3. Aerial Domain - refers to the air. The constitutional provision on aerial
domain is an affirmation of the generally accepted principle of international
law found in the International Convention of Civil Aviation (Chicago
Convention) which says that, stated have complete and exclusive sovereignty
over the space above its territory

Formal rejection of war as a means of national policy for settling controversies

came in 1928 with the conclusion of the KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT. Titled the
General Treaty for the Renunciation of War, the Kellogg-Briand Pact obligated
signatories to abandon force in favor of negotiation, ARBITRATION,
mediation, or other methods of settling disputes peacefully. Although the
signatories renounced war with each other, the Kellogg-Briand Pact still
permitted war for SELF-DEFENSE, for collective enforcement of international
obligations, between

Inviolable - never to be broken, infringed, or dishonored.

The Philippines has signed and ratified the Treaty on the Prohibition of
Nuclear Weapons.

In constitutional law, the abrogation doctrine refers to the power of Congress

to revoke a state's sovereign immunity and authorize suits against that state.
A repeal is the removal or reversal of a law. There are two basic types of
repeal, a repeal with a re-enactment of the repealed law, or a repeal without
any replacement.

Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal
rights that are owed to a person. Due process balances the power of law of
the land and protects the individual person from it.
Due process rights are basically the guarantee that a person has the right to
the fair application of the law before they can be imprisoned, executed, or
have their property seized. This concept is responsible for all the procedures
that guarantee a fair trial no matter who you are.

In English, the Latin phrase habeas corpus means "that you have the body."
When the Supreme Court, which has jurisdiction over habeas corpus
petitions, issues the writ, it commands an individual or a government official
who has restrained another individual to produce the prisoner at a designated
time and place so that the Court can determine whether the prisoner's custody
is legal or not. If it isn't, then the prisoner must be released. In other words,
the writ is a safeguard against warrantless arrests and illegal detention.

Self-incrimination is the act of exposing oneself generally, by making a

statement, "to an accusation or charge of crime; to involve oneself or another
[person] in a criminal prosecution or the danger thereof".

The Philippine Law Dictionary defines “double jeopardy” to mean that “when
a person is charged with an offense and the case is terminated either by
acquittal or conviction or in any other manner without the consent of the
accused, the latter cannot again be charged with the same or identical
offense.”

An ex post facto law has been defined as one:

1. which makes an action done before the passing of the law and which was
innocent when done, criminal, and punishes such action; or
2. which aggravates a crime or makes it greater than it was when committed;
or
3. which changes the punishment and inflicts a greater punishment than the
law annexed to the crime when it was committed; or
4. which alters the legal rules of evidence and receives less or different
testimony than the law required at the time of the commission of the offense in
order to convict the defendant.
5. which assumes to regulate civil rights and remedies only but in effect
imposes a penalty or deprivation of a right which when done was lawful; or
6. that which deprives a person accused of a crime of some lawful protection
to which he has become entitled, such as the protection of a former conviction
or acquittal, or a proclamation of amnesty. (Salvador vs. Mapa, G.R. No.
135080, November 28, 2007)