Application of Weibull distribution to

describe S-N curve with using small number

specimens
Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 1780, 020007 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965939
Published Online: 20 October 2016

Przemysław Strzelecki, and Tomasz Tomaszewski

ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN

Determination of the S-N curve and the fatigue limit by means of the thermographic method
for ductile cast iron
AIP Conference Proceedings 2028, 020008 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5066398

Rapid determination of the Wöhler’s curve for aluminum alloy 2024-T3 by means of the
thermographic method
AIP Conference Proceedings 1780, 020004 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965936

Study of the size effect for non-alloy steels S235JR, S355J2+C and acid-resistant steel 1.4301
AIP Conference Proceedings 1780, 020008 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965940

AIP Conference Proceedings 1780, 020007 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965939 1780, 020007

© 2016 Author(s).
 $SSOLFDWLRQRI:HLEXOO'LVWULEXWLRQWR'HVFULEH61&XUYH
ZLWK8VLQJ6PDOO1XPEHU6SHFLPHQV
3U]HP\VáDZ6WU]HOHFNLDDQG7RPDV]7RPDV]HZVNLE

8738QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\
Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz
a)
Corresponding author: p.strzelecki@utp.edu.pl
b)
tomaszewski@utp.edu.pl

$EVWUDFW7KHSDSHUSUHVHQWVDVWDQGDUGDSSURDFKWRWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKH61FXUYH,WDOVRSUHVHQWVDQDOWHUQDWLYH
DSSURDFKUHTXLULQJIHZHUVDPSOHV7KHSURSRVHGPHWKRGZDVYHULILHGEDVHGRQWHVWUHVXOWVIRUVWHHO6-&7KHWHVWV
ZHUHSHUIRUPHGE\URWDWLQJEHQGLQJ%DVHGRQWKHUHVXOWLQJFXUYHVLWZDVGHWHUPLQHGWKDWDVXIILFLHQWO\DFFXUDWH61FXUYH
FRXOG EH REWDLQHG XVLQJ  VDPSOHV ZKLFK LV IHZHU WKDQ WKH VWDQGDUG  VDPSOHV ,Q DGGLWLRQ D GLIIHUHQW VFDWWHU EDQG
GHSHQGLQJRQVDPSOHORDGLQJOHYHOZLWKLQLWVOLPLWHGGXUDELOLW\UDQJH,WFDQEHREWDLQHGXVLQJWKHSDUDPHWHU:HLEXOO
GLVWULEXWLRQ

,1752'8&7,21
7\SLFDOO\OLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQLVXVHGIRUWKHOLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIHIRUGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHUHODWLRQVKLSRIGHSHQGHQFH
RIIDWLJXHOLIHNRQVWUHVVDPSOLWXGHS7KHVWDLUFDVHPHWKRGLVXVHGIRUGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHIDWLJXHOLPLW6HH
SDSHU>@DQGVWDQGDUG>@IRUGHVFULSWLRQVRISURFHGXUHVXVHGE\WKHVHPHWKRGV7KLVDSSURDFKLVUHIHUUHGWRDVWKH
³FRQYHQWLRQDOPHWKRG´7KHIROORZLQJIRUPXODVDUHXVHGIRUGHWHUPLQLQJOLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQ>@

¦ X  
k

i  X ˜ Yi  Y
i 
aÖ   

¦ Y  Y 
k

i
i 

cÖ X  mÖ Y  
ZKHUH
Y±ORJN
X±ORJS
k±QXPEHURIVSHFLPHQV
Ö±SDUDPHWHUHVWLPDWHG
رPHDQYDOXH
7KHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQLVFRPSXWHGDVIROORZV>@

¦ X 
k

i  YÖ
Vx i 

k 
7KHPHDQYDOXHDQGWKHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQRIWKHIDWLJXHOLPLWGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHVWDLUFDVHPHWKRGDUHFRPSXWHG
XVLQJWKHIROORZLQJUHODWLRQV>@

Fatigue Failure and Fracture Mechanics XXVI

AIP Conf. Proc. 1780, 020007-1–020007-8; doi: 10.1063/1.4965939
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1442-6/$30.00

020007-1
 § A ·
ZÖG S  d ¨¨ r ¸¸  
©C ¹
ZKHUH
d±WKHVWUHVVVWHS
l
A ¦i ˜ f
i 
i  

l
B ¦i
i 

˜ f i  

l
C ¦f i 
i  

BC  A
D  
C
Vy d D     
l±WKHQXPEHURIVWUHVVOHYHOV
fi±WKHQXPEHURIHYHQWV
S0±PLQYDOXHRIVWUHVVOHYHO
(TXDWLRQXVHVWKH³´VLJQIRUUXQRXWVDPSOHVDQGWKH³´VLJQIRUIDLOXUHV7KHQXPEHURIOHVVQXPHURXVWHVWV
LVVWXGLHG
7KH SUHVHQWHG DSSURDFK IROORZLQJ WKH VWDQGDUG UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ UHTXLUHV WHVWLQJ DW ODVW  VDPSOHV  IRU WKH
OLPLWHG GXUDELOLW\ UDQJH DQGIRU WKHXQOLPLWHG GXUDELOLW\ UDQJH ,Q DGGLWLRQ VWDQGDUG >@ SUHVHQWVD PHWKRG IRU
GHWHUPLQLQJDIXOO61FXUYHIRUVDPSOHVIRUWKHOLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIHDQGIRUWKHXQOLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIH,QWKLV
FDVHDPRGLILHGVWDLUFDVHPHWKRGLVDSSOLHG
n 

¦S i
ZÖ G i 
 
n
ZKHUH
n±QXPEHURIVSHFLPHQXVHGIRUXQOLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIH
Si ±iWKVWUHVVOHYHO
/RDGLQJ OHYHO Sn+1 LV QRW WHVWHG EXW LW LV D WHVWLQJ OHYHO WKDW ZRXOG KDYH EH SHUIRUPHG LI WKH H[SHULPHQW ZDV
FRQWLQXHG7KHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQIRUWKHIDWLJXHOLPLWGHWHUPLQHGE\WKLVPHWKRGLVFRPSXWHGDVIROORZV
Vx
Vy  
aÖ
7KHIRUHJRLQJORJLFZDVVFKHPDWLFDOO\VKRZQLQ)LJD7KLVPHWKRGLVKHUHLQDIWHUUHIHUUHGWRDV³0HWKRG,´

7KRXJK ZHNQRZ PDQ\ PRGHOV GHVFULELQJ WKH 61 UHODWLRQVKLS PRVW RI WKHP IDLO WR DGGUHVV WKHIDWLJXH OLPLW
ZLWKLQDVLQJOHHTXDWLRQ:KHUHDQXQOLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIHLVDVVXPHGLQWKHSURSRVHGUHODWLRQDXWKRUVRIWKHPRGHOV
IUHTXHQWO\GHILQHWKLVLQVHUWHGFRHIILFLHQWDVDIDWLJXHOLPLWZKLFKLVQRWWUXHVHHSDSHU>@6HHIRULQVWDQFHSDSHUV
>@IRUFRPSDULVRQRIYDULRXVSURSRVHGPRGHOV*LYHQWKHPXOWLWXGHRIWKHVHPRGHOVWKHDXWKRUVRIWKLVSDSHU
GHFLGHGWRIRFXVRQDPRGHOWKDWHQDEOHVGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHIDWLJXHOLPLWIRUSUREDELOLW\RIGDPDJHZLWKLQD
VLQJOHIRUPXOD7KHILUVWGHVFULSWLRQRIVXFKDQDSSURDFKFDQEHIRXQGLQSDSHU>@6HH)LJEIRUDVFKHPDWLF
PHWKRGRIGHWHUPLQLQJWKHFXUYHXVLQJWKLVPHWKRG7KLVDSSURDFKLVKHUHLQDIWHUUHIHUUHGWRDV³0RGHO,,´7KLVPRGHO
DVVXPHVWKDWWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRISUREDELOLW\RIIDWLJXHOLIHDQGIDWLJXHOLPLWLVQRUPDO*LYHQWKHVHDVVXPSWLRQVZHJHW
WKHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQV>@
 § ORJ N   m ORJ S   b  ·
f N  H[S¨ ¸  
SV n ¨ V  ¸
© n ¹

020007-2
  § S  Z  ·
f S  H[S¨ G ¸  
SV s ¨ V s ¸
© ¹
ZKHUH
ın±VWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQIRUIDWLJXHOLIHLQOLPLWHGUDQJH
m±VORSHRIUHJUHVVLRQOLQH
b±LQWHUFHSWRIUHJUHVVLRQOLQH
ıs±VWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQIRUIDWLJXHOLPLWHG
ZG±IDWLJXHOLPLW

)DWLJXHFXUYH±ORJN)=m ORJSb )DWLJXHFXUYH±ORJN)=m ORJSb

+ȰǦͳ ሺͲǡͷȀȰሺሺ‹Ǧ
ሻȀɐ•ሻʉɐ
6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH S ORJ

6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH S ORJ
([SHULPHQWDOOLIHRIVSHFLPHQ

6WUHVVOHYHOV
LQWHUYDO

ZG ZG

1XPEHURIF\FOHVN ORJ N0 NG
1XPEHURIF\FOHVN ORJ
D E
),*85(6FKHPDWLFUHSUHVHQWDWLRQGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHIDWLJXHFXUYHRIWKHXVLQJDPRGHO,DQGEPRGHO,,

$VVXPLQJWKDWDIUDFWXUHFDQRFFXUDWDVWUHVVDPSOLWXGHODUJHUWKDQWKHIDWLJXHOLPLWDQGRQDUULYLQJDWDQXPEHU
RIF\FOHVHTXDOWRRUODUJHUIRUOLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIHWKHSUREDELOLW\RIWKHREMHFW¶VFUDFNLQJFDQEHH[SUHVVHGDVIROORZV

3 N  N i  ĭ¨ ¸ ˜ ĭ¨ 
§ ORJ N i  m ˜ ORJ Si  b · § Si  Z G ·
¸ q   
¨ Vv ¸ ¨ V ¸
© ¹ © s ¹
ZKHUH
q±SUREDELOLW\RIIDLOXUH
7KHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGPHWKRGLVXVHGWRHVWLPDWHWKHSDUDPHWHUVIRUHTXDWLRQVDQG7KHPD[LPXP
OLNHOLKRRGIXQFWLRQWDNHVRQWKHIROORZLQJIRUP>@
Gi
§ ORJNi  mORJSi  b · i § Si  ZG · i ª §¨ § ORJNi  mORJSi  b · § Si  ZG ··¸º
G G
LT  I ¨¨ ¸ ˜ĭ ¨ ¸ ˜ « ĭ ¨ ¸ ˜ĭ ¨ ¸»  

V ¸ ¨ V ¸ « ¨ ¨ V ¸ ¨ V ¸¸»
© n ¹ © s ¹ ¬ © © n ¹ © s ¹¹¼
ZKHUH
‫׋‬±GHQVLW\IXQFWLRQRIWKHQRUPDOGLVWULEXWLRQ
ĭ±FXPXODWLYHGLVWULEXWLRQIXQFWLRQRIWKHQRUPDOGLVWULEXWLRQ
­° LI VSHFHPHQ IDLOXUH
Gi ®  
°̄ LI VSHFLPHQ UXQRXW
$ FRPSDULVRQRI WKHIRUHJRLQJ PHWKRGVZDV SUHVHQWHG LQSDSHU>@&RQVLGHULQJ LPSRUWDQW HIIHFW RI WKH 61
IDWLJXHFXUYHEHLQJGHWHUPLQHGRQWKHHVWLPDWLRQRIIDWLJXHOLIHIRUSURJUDPPDEOHORDGVZKLFKZDVSUHVHQWHGLQSDSHU
>@DQGOLPLWHGQXPEHURIDYDLODEOHVDPSOHVRUSHUIRUPLQJFRPSDUDWLYHVWXGLHVRIWKHHIIHFWRISURFHVVIDFWRUVORDG
W\SHVDPSOHVL]HDQGRWKHUIDFWRUVRQWKHIDWLJXHOLIHHJSDSHUV>@WKHUHTXLUHPHQWLVWKDWWKHQXPEHURI
VDPSOHVQHFHVVDU\IRUREWDLQLQJDUHOLDEOHIDWLJXHFXUYHLVDVVPDOODVSRVVLEOH7KHDQDO\WLFDO PHWKRGVEDVHGRQ
PDWHULDOSURSHUWLHVGHWHUPLQHGE\DPRQRWRQLFWHQVLOHWHVWGHVFULEHGLQSDSHUV>@DPRQJRWKHUVZHUH
GHYHORSHGLQUHFRJQLWLRQRIWKLVIDFWEXWWKHYDOLGDWLRQRIWKHVHPHWKRGVSUHVHQWHGLQSDSHU>@GHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWWKH
PHWKRGVFRXOGSURGXFHVLJQLILFDQWHUURUV

020007-3
 7KLV SDSHU DLPV WR SURSRVH D PRGLILFDWLRQ IRU 0RGHO ,, HQDEOLQJ UHGXFWLRQ RI WKH QXPEHU RI VDPSOHV ZLWKRXW
H[FHVVLYHO\FRPSURPLVLQJRQDFFXUDF\,WZDVDVVXPHGWKDWWKHPLQLPXPQXPEHURIVDPSOHVZRXOGEHIHZHUWKDQ
 ,QDGGLWLRQWKHJRDOLVWRYHULI\WKHSURSRVHGDSSURDFK

02',),&$7,212)0(7+2',,
7KHSURSRVHGPRGLILFDWLRQRI0HWKRG,,LQFOXGHVUHSODFLQJWKHDVVXPSWLRQRIQRUPDOGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHORJDULWKP
RI IDWLJXH OLIH DQG IDWLJXH VWUHQJWK ZLWK WKH :HLEXOO GLVWULEXWLRQ SUHVHQWHG LQ SDSHU >@ 7KH VWDQGDUG QRUPDO
GLVWULEXWLRQIXQFWLRQLQIRUPXODZDVUHSODFHGZLWKWKH:HLEXOOGLVWULEXWLRQIXQFWLRQ6RQRZWKHIRUPXODLVDV
IROORZV
3Z  N  N i  FZ ORJ N i ˜ Fw S i  q 

ZKHUH
Fw±:HLEXOOGLVWULEXWLRQZLWKDQGSDUDPHWHUVZKLFKDUHGHILQHDVIROORZ
­° § x ·D v ½°
FW  ORJ N i    H[S® ¨¨ ¸¸ ¾  

°̄ © E S  ¹ °¿
­° § x  ] S  ·D v ½°
FW  ORJ N i    H[S ® ¨¨ ¸¸ ¾  

°̄ © E S  ¹ °¿
­ § ·
DZ ½
FW  S i    H[S ® ¨
° x ¸ °
¨E ¸ ¾  

°̄ © Z ¹ °¿
ZKHUH
Įv ± WKHVKDSHSDUDPHWHUIRUIDWLJXHOLIH
ȕS±WKHVFDOHSDUDPHWHUGHVFULEHE\IROORZLQJUHODWLRQVKLSm‫ڄ‬ORJSb
ȗS±WKHORFDWLRQSDUDPHWHUGHVFULEHE\IROORZLQJUHODWLRQVKLSn‫ڄ‬ORJSd
ĮZ ± WKHVKDSHSDUDPHWHUIRUIDWLJXHOLPLW
ȕZ ± WKHVFDOHSDUDPHWHUIRUIDWLJXHOLPLW
7KH UHODWLRQ GHVFULELQJ WKH 61 FXUYH XVLQJ WKH SDUDPHWHU :HLEXOO GLVWULEXWLRQ IXQFWLRQ IRU WZR IDWLJXH OLIH
UHJLRQVLVKHUHLQDIWHUUHIHUUHGWRDV³0RGHO,,,´ZKLOH³0RGHO,9´LVGHILQHGDVDGHVFULSWLRQXVLQJWKHSDUDPHWHU
:HLEXOO GLVWULEXWLRQ IXQFWLRQ DV UHSUHVHQWHG LQ HTXDWLRQ  IRU WKH OLPLWHG IDWLJXH OLIH UDQJH DQG XVLQJ WKH 
SDUDPHWHU:HLEXOOGLVWULEXWLRQIXQFWLRQDVHPERGLHGLQIRUPXODIRUWKHIDWLJXHOLPLWDUHD
7KHKLJKHVWFUHGLELOLW\IXQFWLRQFDQEHH[SUHVVHGDVIROORZVLQ0RGHO,,,IRUWKHIRUHJRLQJPRGHOV
G G
­ D § ORJN  · ª § ORJN  ·Dv º½ i ­ ª § ORJS  ·DZ º½°
i

° v ° °
LT  ˜® ¨¨ i
¸¸ H[S« ¨¨ i
¸¸ »¾ ˜ ® H[S« ¨¨ i ¸ »
¸ »¾ u
°̄ E S  © E S  ¹ «
¬ © E S  ¹ »
¼°¿ °̄
«
¬ ©
E Z ¹ ¼°¿
Gi 

ª ­ ª Dv º½ ­ ª DZ º½ º
« ° H[S« §¨ ORJNi  ·¸ »° ˜ ° H[S« §¨ ORJSi  ·¸ »° » 
® ¨ ¸ ¾® ¾
«
°̄ «¬ © E S  ¹ »¼° °̄ « ¨© EZ ¸¹ »° »
«¬ ¿ ¬ ¼¿ ¼»
DQGIRUPRGHO,9LWLVJLYHQE\WKHIROORZLQJ
G G
­ Dv º½ ­ DZ º½
i i
ª §
° Dv §¨ ORJNi   ] S  ·¸ « §¨ ORJNi   ] S  ·¸ »°  
ª ·
LT 
° ORJ S °
˜® ¸ H[S« ¨ ¸ »¾ ˜ ®  H[S« ¨ i ¸ »
u
¨ E ¸ »¾
° E S  © E S  E S 
¨ «
¹ ¬ © ¹ ¼° ° © Z ¹ °
¯ ¿ ¯ ¬« ¼»¿
Gi 

ª ­ Dv º½ ­ D ½
º
ª § · Z º»°
ORJNi   ] S  · »° °  
« ª § »
° « «
¸ ¾ ˜ ®  H[S  ¨
ORJ S ¸
®  H[S  ¨¨
i
«  » 
« ° « © E S  ¸ »
¹ ° ° « ¨ EZ ¸ »¾° »
¬ ¼¿ ¯ ¬« © ¹ ¼»
«¬ ¯ ¿ »¼

020007-4
 (;3(5,0(17$/352&('8R($1'
$1'5(6U/76
7KHIDWLJXHWHVWVZHUHGRQHRQVDPSOHVPDGHRIFRQVWUXFWLRQVWHHO6-&RIJHRPHWULHVDQGZHLJKWVVKRZQLQ
)LJ7KHWHVWVZHUHSHUIRUPHGXVLQJDURWDWLQJEHQGLQJPDFKLQHWKDWZDVYDOLGDWHGLQSDSHU>@/RDGVZHUHDSSOLHG
ZLWK+]IUHTXHQF\6HH7DEOHIRUVWDWLFSURSHUWLHVRIWKLVVWHHOJUDGH

),*85(6SHFLPHQVKDSHDQGGLPHQVLRQV

7$%/(0HFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIVWHHO6-&
Su>03D@ Sy>03D@ A>@ Z >@
   

7KHIDWLJXHWHVWUHVXOWVZHUHVKRZQLQ)LJD7KHFXUYHZDVGHWHUPLQHGXVLQJ0HWKRG,FRQYHQWLRQDOEDVHG

RQVDPSOHVRIZKLFKZHUHXVHGIRUGHWHUPLQLQJWKHIDWLJXHOLPLWE\WKHVWDLUFDVHPHWKRGDQGLWVIRUPXODV
/LQHDUUHJUHVVLRQZDVGHWHUPLQHGE\IRUPXODV6HH7DEOHIRUWKHHVWLPDWHGSDUDPHWHUV1RWHWKDWPRUH
VDPSOHVZHUHXVHGWKDQUHTXLUHGE\WKHVWDQGDUGDVGHVFULEHGLQVWDQGDUG>@ZKLFKLPSURYHGFUHGLELOLW\RIWKHFXUYH
,WFDQEHVHHQIURP)LJEWKDWDVLQJOHSRLQWZLWKLQWKHOLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIHOLHVRXWVLGHWKH61FXUYHZLWK
SUREDELOLW\RIGDPDJH7KHSRLQWOLHVQHDUWKHIDWLJXHOLPLWDUHD7KLVLVUHODWHGWRODUJHUVFDWWHURIUHVXOWVIRUORZHU
ORDGLQJOHYHOVZKLFKZDVSRLQWHGDWLQSDSHU>@
1RWHWKDWWKHWHVWUHVXOWVIRUWKHVWDLUFDVHPHWKRGFRPHIURPSDSHU>@7KHUHPDLQLQJWHVWUHVXOWVZHUHREWDLQHG
E\WKHDXWKRUVRIWKLVSDSHU
6-& 6-&
 
 

6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@
6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@













H H H H H H H H H H
1XPEHURIF\FOHV1 1XPEHURIF\FOHV1

D E
),*85(([SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWVDDQG61FXUYHEIRUVWHHO6-&VROLGOLQH±FKDUDFWHULVWLFZLWKSUREDELOLW\
GDVKHGOLQH±FKDUDFWHULVWLFZLWKDQGSUREDELOLW\

020007-5
 &203$5,6212)0(7+2'6
0(7+2'6
&RPSXWDWLRQUHVXOWVIRUWKHPHWKRGVFRQFHUQHGDUHSURYLGHGLQ7DEOH1RWHWKDWYDOXHVRIWKHOLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQ
VORSHmIRU0RGHOV,,,9DUHODUJHUWKDQIRU0HWKRG,7KLVLVUHODWHGWRWKHIDFWWKDWWKHSURFHGXUHIRUDOWHUQDWLYH
GHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHIDWLJXHFXUYHWUHDWVDOOUHVXOWVDVDVLQJOHVHWZKHUHDV0RGHO,GLYLGHVWHVWUHVXOWVLQWRVHSDUDWH
VHWVIRUWKHOLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIHDQGIRUWKHIDWLJXHOLPLW%\VWXG\LQJWKHSRLQWVVKRZQLQ)LJLWFDQEHQRWLFHGWKDW
SRLQWVSURYLGHGE\WKHVWDLUFDVHPHWKRGVKDVIDWLJXHOLIHDVRUPRUHF\FOHV7ZRSRLQWVFUDFNHGDWPRUHWKDQ‡
F\FOHV 7KHVH SRLQWV ZHUH QRW FRQVLGHUHG LQ WKH HVWLPDWLRQ RI WKH SDUDPHWHUV E\ 0HWKRG , EXW IRU WKH DOWHUQDWLYH
PHWKRGVWKH\VKLIWHGWKHFXUYHWRWKHULJKW6HH)LJIRUIDWLJXHGLDJUDPVSURGXFHGE\WKHVHPHWKRGV

7$%/(5HVXOWVRIHVWLPDWLRQSDUDPHWHUVIRUYHULI\LQJPRGHOV
7$%/(5HVXOWVRIHVWLPDWLRQSDUDPHWHUVIRUYHULI\LQJPRGHOV
0RGHO m
P Fc ıYv ZJg
= ı]z
,     
,,±VSHFLPHQ     
,,±VSHFLPHQ     
P
m cF ĮYv =Jg
Z Į=Z
,,,±VSHFLPHQ     
,,,±VSHFLPHQ     
P
m cF ĮYv Q
n dG =Jg
Z Į=Z
,9±VSHFLPHQ       
,9±VSHFLPHQ       

,QRUGHUWRFKHFNWKHDVVXPSWLRQXQGHUO\LQJWKHSURSRVHGJRDOLHFXUYHGHWHUPLQDWLRQEDVHGRQOHVVWKDQ
VDPSOHVWKHDXWKRUVGHFLGHGWRXVHH[SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWVIURPSDSHU>@7KHWRWDOQXPEHURIVDPSOHVXVHGZDV
IRUWKHOLPLWHGGXUDELOLW\UDQJHDQGIRUWKHIDWLJXHOLPLWUDQJH5HVXOWVRIFRPSXWDWLRQVGRQHXVLQJWKHPHWKRGV
VXEMHFWWRYHULILFDWLRQIRUVDPSOHVDUHSURYLGHGLQ7DEOHDQGWKHFXUYHVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJ

6-& 6-& 6-&

 

 

 
6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@

6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@
6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@




















H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
1XPEHURIF\FOHV1 1XPEHURIF\FOHV1 1XPEHURIF\FOHV1

D E F
),*85(61FXUYHVIRUVWHHO6-&E\PHWKRG,,DPHWKRG,,,EDQGPHWKRG,9FVROLGOLQH±FKDUDFWHULVWLFZLWK
SUREDELOLW\GDVKHGOLQH±FKDUDFWHULVWLFZLWKDQGSUREDELOLW\ż±IDLOXUHVSHFLPHQ VSHFLPHQUXQRXW

$OOWKHFXUYHVZHUHRYHUODLGLQDVLQJOHGLDJUDP)LJIRUFRPSDULVRQZLWKDEUHDNXSUHSUHVHQWLQJWKHQXPEHU

RIVDPSOHV7KHFXUYHIRUWKHVDPSOHVGHWHUPLQHGE\0HWKRGZDVHVWLPDWHGIRUVDPSOHVIRUFRPSDULVRQ
,Q DGGLWLRQ )LJ  FRPSDUHV IDWLJXH OLIH YDOXHV HVWLPDWHG XVLQJ 0HWKRGV ,,,9 WR H[SHULPHQWDO YDOXHV 7KH
HVWLPDWHGFXUYHVDUHORFDWHGZLWKLQDVFDWWHUEDQGRI³´

020007-6
 6-& 6-& 6-&
 

 

 
6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@

6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@

6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@




















H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
1XPEHURIF\FOHV1 1XPEHURIF\FOHV1 1XPEHURIF\FOHV1

D E F
),*85(61FXUYHVIRUVWHHO6-&IRUVSHFLPHQE\PHWKRG,,DPHWKRG,,,EDQGPHWKRG,9FVROLGOLQH±
FKDUDFWHULVWLFZLWKSUREDELOLW\GDVKHGOLQH±FKDUDFWHULVWLFZLWKDQGSUREDELOLW\




0HWKRG, 0HWKRG,
0HWKRG,, 0HWKRG,,
0HWKRG,,,


0HWKRG,,,


0HWKRG,9 0HWKRG,9
6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@

6WUHVVDPSOLWXGH>03D@













H H H H H H H H H H
1XPEHURIF\FOHV1 1XPEHURIF\FOHV1

D E
),*85(61FXUYHVIRUVWHHO6-&IRUVSHFLPHQVDDQGVSHFLPHQVE

H

H

0HWKRG,, 0HWKRG,,
)DWLJXHOLIHHVWLPDWHGE\PRGHO,,,,,RU,9

)DWLJXHOLIHHVWLPDWHGE\PRGHO,,,,,RU,9

0HWKRG,,, 0HWKRG,,,
0HWKRG,9 0HWKRG,9
H

H
H

H
H

H

H H H H H H H H

([SHULPHQWDOIDWLJXHOLIH ([SHULPHQWDOIDWLJXHOLIH

D E
),*85(&RPSDULVRQV61FXUYHIRUVSHFLPHQVDDQGVSHFLPHQVEGRWWHGOLQH±VFDWWHUEDQGHTXDOGDVKHGOLQH
VFDWWHUEDQGHTXDO


020007-7
 &21&/86,216
7KHIROORZLQJFDQEHFRQFOXGHGEDVHGRQWKHIRUHJRLQJWHVWUHVXOWV
x 8VLQJWKHSDUDPHWHU:HLEXOOGLVWULEXWLRQLQWKHDOWHUQDWLYHPHWKRGSURYLGHVDFXUYHPRUHDFFXUDWHWKDQWKH
RQHSURYLGHGE\WKHQRUPDOGLVWULEXWLRQ
x 8VLQJWKHSDUDPHWHU:HLEXOOGLVWULEXWLRQIRUWKHOLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIHPDNHVLWSRVVLEOHWRYDU\WKHVFDWWHU
EDQGGHSHQGLQJRQORDGLQJOHYHOZKLFKSURYLGHVDEHWWHUPDWFKWRWKHH[SHULPHQWDOWHVWUHVXOWV
x ³,WVKRXOGEHVWDWHGWKDW´GLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQWKHSDUDPHWHUVHVWLPDWHGIRUVDPSOHVDUHVLJQLILFDQWIRUWKH
OLPLWHGIDWLJXHOLIHZKLFKZDVGLVFXVVHGLQWKHSUHYLRXV³FKDSWHU´
x 7KHFXUYHVREWDLQHGE\WKHDOWHUQDWLYHPHWKRGIRUVDPSOHVFDQEHFRQVLGHUHGVXIILFLHQWO\DFFXUDWH
x 7KHIRUHJRLQJFODLPUHTXLUHVYHULILFDWLRQIRURWKHUFRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOV


5()(5(1&(6
>@ &DVWLOOR()HUQiQGH]&DQWHOL$DQG+DGL$6Int. J. Fatigue
>@ *RJOLR/DQG5RVVHWWR0Eng. Fract. Mech.
>@ ,62Metallic materials - fatigue testing - statistical planning and analysis of data
>@ .RFDN0:HEVWHU6-DQRVFK--$LQVZRUWK5$DQG.RHUV5FITNET Fitness-for-Service
PROCEDURE – FINAL DRAFT MK7
>@ .RFDĔGD6DQG6]DOD-Basis of calculation of fatigue:\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH3:1:DUVDZ
>@ .XUHN0/DJRGD7DQG.DW]\'Mater. Test.
>@ /HH</3DZ-+DWKDZD\5LFKDUG%DQG%DUNH\0DUN(Fatigue Testing and Analysis - Theory
and Practice(OVHYLHU%XWWHUZRUWK±+HLQHPDQQ
>@ /RUpQ6DQG/XQGVWU|P0Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.
>@ 3DVFXDO)*DQG0HHNHU:4Technometrics
>@ 6FKLMYH-Int. J. Fatigue
>@ 6FKLMYH-Fatigue of structures and materials6HFRQG6SULQJHU6FLHQFH%XVLQHVV0HGLD
>@ 6NLELFNL'J. Theor. Appl. Mech.
>@ 6WHSKHQV5DOSK,)DWHPL$6WHSKHQV5REHUW5DQG)XFKV+HQU\2Metal Fatigue in Engineering
-RKQ:LOH\DQG6RQV
>@ 6WU]HOHFNL3DQG6HPSUXFK-Mater. Sci. Forum
>@ 6WU]HOHFNL3DQG6HPSUXFK-J. Theor. Appl. Mech.
>@ 6WU]HOHFNL36HPSUXFK-DQG7RPDV]HZVNL7Solid State Phenom.
>@ 6]DOD*DQG/LJDM%Key Eng. Mater.
>@ 7RPDV]HZVNL76HPSUXFK-DQG3LąWNRZVNL7J. Theor. Appl. Mech.
>@ :HLEXOO:A Stat. Distrib. Funct. Wide Appl.
>@ =DZDG]NL.([SHULPHQWDOYHULILFDWLRQRIVHOHFWHGSDUDPHWHUVGHWHUPLQLQJWKHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRI
VWHHO8QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\LQ%\GJRV]F]


020007-8