Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Proper Positioning, Turning, and Draping '14-15
Proper Positioning, Turning, and Draping '14-15
¡ Must be considered ¡ Prevent soF-‐:ssue and joint contractures
§ before,
during,
and
at
the
conclusion
of
¡ Provide
pa:ent
comfort
treatment
and
¡ Provide
support
and
stability
of
pa:ent’s
trunk
and
extremi:es
§ when
a
pa:ent
is
to
be
at
rest
for
an
extended
period
of
:me
¡ Provide
access
and
exposure
to
areas
to
be
¡ Decondi:oning
treated
¡ Pressure
sores
/
bed
sores
¡ Contracture
forma:on
¡ Promote
efficient
func5on
of
pa:ent’s
organ
¡ Decrease
in
muscle
strength
&
size
systems
¡ Osteoporosis
¡ Provide
posi:on
changes
to
relieve
excessive
¡ Degenera:ve
joint
disease
(DJD)
/
pressure
osteoarthri:s
(OA)
¡ Postural
/
orthosta:c
hypotension
¡ Decondi(oning
¡ Pressure
sores
/
bed
sores
§ Affects
mul:ple
systems
of
the
body:
§ Normal
capillary
blood
pressure:
30
mmHg
▪ Integumentary
•
Musculoskeletal
§ External
pressure
>
capillary
pressure
▪ Cardiovascular
•
Pulmonary
▪ Occlusion
of
blood
flow
→
ischemia
→
necrosis
▪ Genitourinary
•
Gastrointes:nal
▪ Nervous
§ Bony
prominences
are
prone
to
injuries
¡ Pressure sores / bed sores ¡ Pressure sores / bed sores
§ Predisposing
factors
to
skin
breakdown
§ Predisposing
factors
to
skin
breakdown
▪ Extrinsic
Factors
▪ Extrinsic
Factors
▪ Pressure
to
soF
:ssue
exceeding
normal
▪ Hydra:on
status
capillary
pressure
of
local
circula:on
▪ Infec:on
▪ Fric5on
or
shear
forces
on
skin
▪ Reduced
ac:vity
leading
to
immobility
▪ Skin
macera5on
due
to
perspira:on
or
skin
to
skin
contact
¡ Pressure
sores
/
bed
sores
¡ Pressure
sores
/
bed
sores
§ Predisposing
factors
to
skin
breakdown
§ Predisposing
factors
to
skin
breakdown
▪ Intrinsic
Factors
▪ Intrinsic
Factors
▪ General
health
▪ Hydra:on
status
▪ Skin
condi:on
▪ Loca:on
of
wound
▪ Body
build
&
composi:on
▪ Adequate
blood
flow
to
wound
▪ Nutri:on
status
¡ Decrease in muscle strength & size ¡ Decrease in muscle strength &
¡ Redistribu(on
of
body
fluids
¡ Decrease
in
lung
volumes
§ Decrease
in
plasma
volume
>
RBC
→
↑
¡ Decreased
diaphragma:c
movement
and
chest
blood
viscosity
→
thrombus
forma:on
expansion
▪ Thrombus
¡ Contracture
forma:on
of
intercostal
muscles
▪ Clot
in
big
veins
usually
in
LE
and
costal
joints
▪ Calf
veins
–
most
common
site
d/t
dec.
muscle
¡ Accumula:on
of
secre:ons
pumping
¡ Ul:mately
results
to
atelectasis
and
pneumonia
▪ Embolus
▪ Traveling
thrombus
¡ Stagna(on
of
urine
and
incomplete
bladder
¡ Decrease
in
appe:te
emptying
¡ Atrophy
of
intes:nal
mucosa
and
glands
§ Voiding
is
difficult
in
supine
posi:on
¡ Slower
rate
of
absorp:on
¡ Gas
intake
>
food
intake
§ Gravity
plays
an
important
role
in
kidney
¡ Cons:pa:on
and
fecal
impac:on
drainage
§ Promotes
kidney
stone
forma:on
and
UTI
¡ Introduce
yourself
to
the
pa:ent
¡ Inspect
skin
for
color
and
integrity
¡ Inform
the
pa:ent
of
the
planned
treatment
¡ Pillows,
rolled
blankets,
or
towels
are
used
to
and
obtain
pa:ent’s
consent
support
body
parts
and
to
avoid
pressure
¡ Pa:ent
must
be
liFed
rather
than
dragged
¡ Sheets,
blankets
or
bed
linen
should
not
be
¡ In
a
new
posi:on,
check
pa:ent’s
skin
aFer
tucked
in
:ghtly
at
the
foot
of
the
bed
5-‐10
min.
¡ Whenever
possible,
the
pa:ent
should
¡ Assess
the
area
before
turning
a
pa:ent
from
par:cipate
ac:vely
one
posi:on
to
another
¡ Pa:ent
must
be
reposi:oned
at
least
every
2
¡ Make
sure
pa:ent
is
secure
during
turning
hours
and
when
placed
in
a
new
posi:on
¡ When
turning
a
pa:ent,
check
if
assistance
¡ Observe
proper
body
mechanics
from
another
person
is
required
¡ Avoid
excessive
neck
and
upper
back
flexion
¡ May
place
small
pillow
in
the
popliteal
or
scapular
abduc:on
spaces
for
comfort
¡ Shoulders
parallel
to
the
hip
§ May
promote
flexion
contractures
¡ Spine
straight
§ Should
not
be
maintained
for
a
prolonged
period
¡ May
place
small,
rolled
towel
or
bolster
under
the
ankles
to
relieve
heel
pressure
but
knee
hyperextension
should
be
avoided
¡ UE
may
be
posi:oned
in
whatever
the
pa:ent
¡ Small
pillow
under
the
pa:ent’s
head
or
may
desires
for
comfort
turn
the
head
to
one
side
§ At
the
side
¡ Most
comfortable
is
a
table
that
has
a
cut-‐out
§ Reverse
T
posi:on
por:on
for
the
face
and
supports
the
head
§ Folded
on
the
chest
¡ Do
not
extend
the
pa:ent’s
hands
or
feet
beyond
the
mat
or
treatment
table
¡ Rolled
towel
placed
under
each
anterior
¡ Pa:ent
should
be
posi:oned
in
the
center
of
shoulder
to
adduct
the
scapula
the
bed
or
mat
¡ UE
may
be
posi:oned
for
comfort
¡ Both
LE
should
be
flexed
at
the
hip
and
knee
§ Along
the
sides
¡ Uppermost
LE
should
be
supported
on
pillows
§ T
posi:on
and
posi:oned
slightly
forward
of
the
lowermost
extremity
§ Hands
under
the
head
¡ Adequate
support
and
stability
for
the
trunk
¡ When
receiving
treatment
¡ Place
feet
on
a
footstool,
footrests
of
§ Leaning
forward:
support
anterior
trunk
wheelchair,
or
on
the
floor
with
pillow
¡ Free
the
distal,
posterior
thigh
:ssue
of
§ Leaning
backwards:
pillows
behind
the
excessive
pressure
from
the
edge
of
the
chair
pa:ent
§ UE:
supported
on
pillows,
chair
armrests,
treatment
table,
or
lap
board;
or
placement
of
pillow
on
pa:ent’s
lap
¡ Pa:ent
should
not
be
posi:oned
for
>
30
min.
¡ Pa:ent
should
not
be
posi:oned
for
>
30
min.
§ Excessive
rota:on
or
bending
of
the
spine
§ Hip
or
knee
flexion;
hyperextension
of
knees
§ Bilateral
or
unilateral
scapular
abduc:on
or
§ Adduc:on
and
internal
rota:on
of
the
forward
head
posi:on
glenohumeral
joint
§ Compression
of
the
thorax
or
chest
§ Elbow,
wrist,
or
finger
flexion
§ Plantarflexion
of
the
ankles
and
feet
§ Hip
adduc:on
or
internal/external
rota:on
¡ Avoid
presence
of
clothing
or
linen
folds
¡ Avoid
posi:oning
the
pa:ent’s
extremi:es
beneath
pa:ent
beyond
the
suppor:ng
surface
¡ Observe
skin
color
before,
during,
and
aFer
¡ Avoid
excessive,
prolonged
pressure
to
soF
treatment
:ssue,
circulatory
and
neurologic
structures
¡ Protect
bony
prominences
from
excessive
and
prolonged
pressure
¡ Use
addi:onal
cau:on:
¡ There
are
specific
posi:ons
that
should
be
§ Mentally
incompetent
or
confused,
avoided
for
certain
pa:ents
agitated
¡ Some
condi:ons
predispose
pa:ents
to
§ Comatose
complica:ons
related
to
short-‐term
or
§ Very
young
or
elderly
prolonged
posi:oning
§ Paralyzed
§ Lacking
normal
circula:on
or
sensa:on
§ Impaired
cardiopulmonary
system
¡ Manner
of
arranging
the
covering
with
sheets
¡ Provide
modesty
for
pa:ent;
expose
only
the
or
towels
in
order
to
expose
the
part
being
areas
to
be
treated
examined,
treated
or
cleaned
¡ Provide
access
and
exposure
to
areas
to
be
¡ Exposing
only
body
parts
that
are
needed
for
treated
while
protec:ng
other
areas
treatment
¡ Protect
the
pa:ent’s
skin
or
clothing
from
¡ Maintain
appropriate/comfortable
body
being
soiled
or
damaged
temperature