MOHAMAD RIDHWAN BIN ZAHRI

DF180126 (SECTION 1)

1. What is the best storing system for cement? Explain.

The best way for storing cement is in a building which is dry, leak proof and as
moisture proof as possible and the stack the cement bags off the floor on wooden
planks in such a way, so that the cement bag is about 150 mm to 200 mm above the
floor and maintain a space of 600 mm all-round between the exterior walls and the
stacks. This is to make sure the cement not going to react with anything and remain in
the same condition. In addition, stack the cement bags close to each other to reduce
circulation of air. Meanwhile in the storage building, there should be minimum
number of windows to prevent rain enters the storage building and disturbing the
cement condition.

The height of stack should not be more than 10 bags to prevent the possibility of
lumping under pressure. The width of the stack should not be more than four bags
length or 3 meters. Meanwhile, the stacks more than 8 bags high, the cement bags
should be arranged alternately length-wise and cross-wise, so as to tie the stacks
together and minimize the danger of toppling over.

Put label showing date of receipt of cement on each stack of cement bags to know the
age of cement. When it is required to store cement for a long period of time,
completely enclose the stack by a water proofing membrane such as polyethylene.
Different types of cement must be stacked and stored separately.

2. How to speed up the strength development of concrete? Explain.

There are additives that will make the mix go off quicker. However, for the best
results a slow drying time will cure the mix and add more stability. Self-mix will cure
slower compared to tanked mix (industrial mixing and delivery by wagon). Adding in
metal framework can add strength and is used in flooring, and solid walling.

3. What are the effects of non-potable water on concrete quality? Explain.

Potable water is a precious and it’s partially treated and treated wastewater is to be
reused where ever it is possible for sustainable development. Construction industry is
the one in which the rate of consumption of concrete is almost as same as that of
consumption of water. Concrete is affected by the effluents that are flow from the
sewerage works, sugar and the fertilizer industry, paint, gas works, and textile
industries. Various tests have shown that the usage of water or structure that are
constructed near to a water body with the excessive amount of salts (dissolved salts)
tend to decrease the compressive strength of the concrete. This decrease is the
strength of concrete compared with that obtained by the concrete using distilled water.
The high content of chlorides in water will shows some efflorescence, dampness
persistently and makes the reinforcement steel easier get corrode. This problem in
concrete structure due to water quality problems is more serious especially in the
tropical regions.