Adb Thailand

THAILAND
Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2016
www.adb.org/statistics
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 62.24 62.60 62.96 63.32 63.69 64.05 64.42 64.79 65.17 65.54 65.92 66.21 66.49 66.75 67.00 67.24
Population density persons per square kilometer 121 122 123 123 124 125 126 126 127 128 128 129 130 130 131 131
Population annual change, percent 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
Urban population percent of total population 31.1 29.0 29.0 29.0 32.2 32.5 32.9 33.3 33.8 34.3 42.0 42.8 43.6 44.5 ... …
LABOR FORCEa thousand; calendar year 33,224 33,813 34,262 34,902 35,718 36,132 36,429 36,942 37,700 38,427 38,644 38,360 38,746 38,661 38,576 38,548
Employed 31,293 32,104 33,061 33,841 34,729 35,257 35,686 36,249 37,017 37,706 38,037 37,953 38,324 38,217 38,077 38,016
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 13,830 13,612 14,042 13,880 13,634 13,617 14,171 14,306 14,699 14,693 14,547 12,485 13,164 13,042 12,733 12,272
Mining and quarrying 45 50 45 47 50 57 58 63 58 51 41 50 68 62 69 79
Manufacturing 4,650 4,927 5,052 5,299 5,476 5,588 5,504 5,619 5,453 5,374 5,350 6,001 6,269 6,294 6,393 6,454
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; water supply, sewerage,
waste management, and remediation activities
112 98 89 95 100 107 107 102 204 201 159 197 172 191 223 188
Construction 1,504 1,645 1,787 1,881 2,080 2,129 2,151 2,149 2,214 2,303 2,356 2,204 2,335 2,388 2,269 2,282
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 4,374 4,688 4,946 5,199 5,540 5,553 5,514 5,574 5,754 6,048 6,236 6,357 6,195 6,200 6,185 6,176
Accommodation and food service activities 1,810 1,918 2,043 2,147 2,256 2,349 2,275 2,343 2,384 2,593 2,654 2,923 2,551 2,536 2,568 2,644
Transportation and storage 964 1,005 1,009 1,050 1,100 1,108 1,072 1,058 1,117 1,141 1,108 1,122 1,087 1,144 1,192 1,216
Information and communication 75 73 76 231 272 265 248 242
Financial and insurance activities 270 303 272 289 297 317 340 342 373 375 367 461 493 526 527 539
Real estate activities 480 495 500 557 624 647 672 717 685 698 715 945 938 976 971 1,115
Othersb 3,254 3,364 3,277 3,397 3,571 3,785 3,823 3,976 4,000 4,157 4,430 4,979 4,781 4,594 4,700 4,811
Unemployed 1,194 1,124 823 754 739 663 552 509 522 572 402 254 254 282 323 341
Unemployment rate percent 3.6 3.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9
Labor force annual change, percent 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.9 2.3 1.1 0.9 1.4 2.1 1.9 0.6 -0.7 1.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1
Labor force participation rate percent 71.5 71.9 71.9 72.2 72.4 72.5 72.2 72.4 72.6 72.8 72.3 71.7 71.8 71.1 70.3 69.8
Male 77.1 80.6 80.6 80.8 81.2 81.1 80.9 81.1 81.2 81.2 80.7 80.3 80.7 80.4 79.3 78.6
Female 60.9 63.3 63.3 63.9 63.8 64.3 64.0 64.2 64.5 64.5 64.3 64.3 64.3 63.2 62.0 61.6
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS billion baht; calendar year

At Current Market Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 5,070 5,345 5,770 6,317 6,954 7,614 8,401 9,076 9,707 9,654 10,802 11,300 12,349 12,901 13,132 13,534
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 431 459 502 597 646 700 790 849 978 946 1,138 1,311 1,422 1,470 1,344 1,237
Manufacturing 1,450 1,498 1,657 1,881 2,059 2,269 2,549 2,791 2,981 2,860 3,358 3,294 3,474 3,572 3,621 3,643
Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply 147 168 177 192 213 224 240 249 264 280 297 303 327 354 375 391
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities
Construction 152 155 167 176 197 227 245 263 267 271 303 307 341 350 340 379
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 868 908 930 974 1,057 1,135 1,219 1,311 1,388 1,430 1,569 1,629 1,777 1,796 1,867 2,046
Transportation and storage 418 459 485 498 547 584 642 714 728 730 767 790 857 898 921 982
Information and communication
Accommodation and food service activitiesc 199 208 217 214 230 231 255 278 299 285 312 350 413 475 499 587
Financial and insurance activities 193 231 277 317 367 417 449 493 524 554 581 645 745 868 956 1,032
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Real estate activities 376 379 425 469 516 564 621 643 667 628 688 741 840 873 882 911
Professional, scientific, and technical activities
Administrative and support service activities
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 300 317 341 360 393 438 483 530 577 607 641 681 730 761 801 829
Education 203 210 215 228 262 289 319 350 372 398 421 458 508 534 562 589
Human health and social work activities 78 85 96 99 115 125 136 144 150 163 174 185 200 206 217 227
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 118 122 128 139 158 171 172 158 164 158 170 186 209 226 229 233
Other service activities
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-

producing activities of households for own use 17 18 18 20 19 18 17 18 17 17 18 21 23 23 25 28
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies
Net factor income from abroad -100 -149 -203 -258 -302 -341 -312 -309 -354 -373 -476 -248 -530 -799 -651 -680
GNI 4,970 5,196 5,567 6,059 6,652 7,273 8,088 8,767 9,353 9,281 10,326 11,053 11,819 12,102 12,481 12,854
Structure of Output percent of GDP at current market prices

Agriculture 8.5 8.6 8.7 9.4 9.3 9.2 9.4 9.4 10.1 9.8 10.5 11.6 11.5 11.4 10.2 9.1
Industry 36.8 36.5 37.0 38.1 38.0 38.6 39.3 39.5 39.6 38.7 40.0 38.1 37.5 37.0 36.8 35.7
Services 54.7 55.0 54.3 52.5 52.7 52.2 51.3 51.1 50.3 51.5 49.4 50.3 51.0 51.6 53.0 55.1
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 5,070 5,345 5,770 6,317 6,954 7,614 8,401 9,076 9,707 9,654 10,802 11,300 12,349 12,901 13,132 13,534
Final consumption expenditure 3,433 3,714 3,971 4,331 4,798 5,292 5,709 6,033 6,599 6,667 7,342 7,802 8,548 8,879 9,158 9,312
Household final consumption 2,744 2,993 3,211 3,514 3,886 4,252 4,574 4,769 5,207 5,125 5,630 5,978 6,535 6,756 6,923 6,978
NPISHs final consumption
Government final consumption 688 720 760 817 912 1,040 1,134 1,264 1,392 1,542 1,712 1,824 2,013 2,124 2,235 2,334
Gross capital formation 1,130 1,235 1,312 1,505 1,786 2,316 2,269 2,314 2,740 1,993 2,741 3,029 3,462 3,548 3,161 3,264
Gross fixed capital formation 1,094 1,202 1,264 1,455 1,729 2,110 2,255 2,310 2,567 2,232 2,593 2,921 3,335 3,280 3,259 3,375
Public 410 402 390 392 433 535 576 626 639 650 661 644 728 739 688 865
Private 684 800 874 1,063 1,296 1,575 1,680 1,684 1,928 1,582 1,932 2,277 2,608 2,541 2,571 2,510
Changes in inventories 36 34 48 50 57 206 14 4 173 -239 147 108 127 268 -98 -111
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables
Exports of goods and services 3,287 3,381 3,499 3,887 4,588 5,208 5,769 6,251 6,932 6,190 7,146 7,943 8,558 8,730 9,099 9,346
Exports of goods 2,731 2,803 2,838 3,233 3,823 4,407 4,838 5,212 5,831 5,158 6,060 6,675 7,017 6,928 7,300 7,266
Exports of services 556 578 661 653 765 802 931 1,039 1,101 1,032 1,085 1,268 1,542 1,802 1,799 2,081
Less: Imports of goods and services 2,862 3,048 3,134 3,485 4,273 5,288 5,495 5,537 6,700 5,286 6,547 7,750 8,454 8,397 8,230 7,815
Imports of goods 2,266 2,430 2,445 2,770 3,390 4,264 4,324 4,295 5,256 4,037 5,123 6,160 6,808 6,711 6,501 6,074
Imports of services 597 618 690 716 883 1,024 1,171 1,241 1,444 1,250 1,424 1,589 1,647 1,686 1,729 1,741
Statistical discrepancy 82 63 121 80 56 86 149 14 136 90 122 276 235 141 -56 -575
Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices

Household consumptiond 54.1 56.0 55.7 55.6 55.9 55.8 54.5 52.5 53.6 53.1 52.1 52.9 52.9 52.4 52.7 51.6
Government consumption 13.6 13.5 13.2 12.9 13.1 13.7 13.5 13.9 14.3 16.0 15.8 16.1 16.3 16.5 17.0 17.2
Gross capital formation 22.3 23.1 22.7 23.8 25.7 30.4 27.0 25.5 28.2 20.6 25.4 26.8 28.0 27.5 24.1 24.1
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Changes in inventories 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.7 0.2 0.0 1.8 -2.5 1.4 1.0 1.0 2.1 -0.7 -0.8
Exports of goods and services 64.8 63.3 60.6 61.5 66.0 68.4 68.7 68.9 71.4 64.1 66.1 70.3 69.3 67.7 69.3 69.1
Imports of goods and services 56.5 57.0 54.3 55.2 61.4 69.5 65.4 61.0 69.0 54.8 60.6 68.6 68.5 65.1 62.7 57.7
Statistical discrepancy 1.6 1.2 2.1 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.8 0.2 1.4 0.9 1.1 2.4 1.9 1.1 -0.4 -4.2
At Chained Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 2002 market prices 5,254 5,435 5,770 6,184 6,573 6,849 7,189 7,580 7,710 7,653 8,228 8,297 8,896 9,137 9,212 9,472
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 486 501 502 562 555 555 577 588 605 604 601 639 656 661 666 640
Manufacturing 1,493 1,522 1,657 1,825 1,961 2,044 2,158 2,315 2,370 2,291 2,552 2,429 2,596 2,641 2,635 2,659
Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply 151 165 177 184 198 209 214 226 238 248 264 267 293 290 298 310
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities
Construction 157 158 167 172 186 204 207 215 203 210 228 218 236 236 227 263
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 888 914 930 975 1,024 1,044 1,098 1,176 1,176 1,145 1,249 1,254 1,323 1,333 1,326 1,384
Transportation and storage 413 450 485 495 550 577 626 679 690 681 731 753 821 867 897 963
Information and communication
Accommodation and food service activitiesc 204 214 217 215 233 235 258 267 279 274 299 336 384 422 432 493
Financial and insurance activities 227 245 277 309 328 346 345 355 353 392 408 433 499 569 608 651
Real estate, renting, and business activities 365 375 425 473 524 562 607 626 633 588 629 664 735 754 758 787
Professional, scientific, and technical activities
Administrative and support service activities
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 314 324 341 350 351 369 379 408 422 439 456 473 491 492 499 495
Education 211 214 215 223 234 245 253 264 266 276 291 299 314 320 323 314
Human health and social work activities 81 87 96 97 106 111 116 122 124 133 141 148 158 159 164 167
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Other service activities 120 123 128 136 153 160 156 141 140 135 142 152 167 178 178 187
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services- 19 19 18 19 18 18 17 18 16 18 18 19 19 18 17 17
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies
Net factor income from abroad … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
GNI 5,155 5,286 5,567 5,931 6,285 6,540 6,921 7,321 7,435 7,362 7,869 8,120 8,526 8,586 8,775 …
Growth of Output annual change, percent

GDP 4.5 3.4 6.1 7.2 6.3 4.2 5.0 5.4 1.7 -0.7 7.5 0.8 7.2 2.7 0.8 2.8
Agriculture 6.8 3.1 0.1 11.9 -1.1 -0.1 3.9 1.9 2.9 -0.2 -0.5 6.3 2.7 0.8 0.7 -3.8
Industry 4.0 2.5 8.6 9.6 7.1 4.9 5.6 6.8 3.0 -2.3 10.6 -4.1 7.2 1.5 -0.2 1.2
Services 4.3 4.1 5.6 5.0 7.0 4.4 4.7 5.1 0.7 0.3 6.9 3.3 8.2 3.9 1.5 5.0
Expenditure on GDP at 2002 market prices 5,254 5,435 5,770 6,184 6,573 6,849 7,189 7,580 7,710 7,653 8,228 8,297 8,896 9,137 9,212 9,472
Household consumption 2,855 3,023 3,211 3,447 3,703 3,859 3,967 4,014 4,128 4,076 4,280 4,355 4,646 4,695 4,721 4,822
NPISHs final consumption
Government consumption 716 735 760 799 830 896 917 995 1,044 1,151 1,259 1,302 1,390 1,425 1,454 1,486
Gross capital formation 1,206 1,225 1,312 1,474 1,704 2,074 1,949 1,975 2,157 1,622 2,140 2,197 2,440 2,518 2,203 2,298
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Gross fixed capital formation 1,169 1,190 1,264 1,424 1,650 1,885 1,935 1,969 2,015 1,796 2,004 2,102 2,327 2,304 2,249 2,354
Public 739 788 874 1,045 1,250 1,420 1,459 1,469 1,561 1,289 1,504 1,647 1,841 1,814 1,796 1,760
Private 430 403 390 379 401 466 476 500 458 499 495 452 484 487 452 587
Changes in inventories 37 34 48 50 54 188 11 3 139 -183 107 68 82 175 -64 -75
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables
Exports of goods and services 3,305 3,304 3,499 3,819 4,377 4,717 5,226 5,691 6,047 5,288 6,036 6,590 6,922 7,106 7,121 7,134
Exports of goods 2,749 2,721 2,838 3,173 3,657 3,960 4,379 4,764 5,088 4,380 5,097 5,523 5,654 5,657 5,696 5,500
Exports of services 555 582 661 646 720 757 847 927 960 909 937 1,066 1,269 1,453 1,429 1,643
Less: Imports of goods and services 2,908 2,951 3,134 3,482 4,189 4,867 5,011 5,221 5,816 4,597 5,646 6,344 6,702 6,808 6,448 6,426
Imports of goods 2,282 2,325 2,445 2,773 3,345 3,906 3,943 4,112 4,563 3,515 4,436 5,032 5,369 5,462 5,087 5,056
Imports of services 625 624 690 709 844 962 1,071 1,112 1,255 1,083 1,213 1,317 1,336 1,348 1,363 1,371
Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Household consumptiond 7.0 5.9 6.2 7.3 7.4 4.2 2.8 1.2 2.8 -1.3 5.0 1.8 6.7 1.0 0.6 2.1
Government consumption 2.8 2.6 3.4 5.1 3.9 8.0 2.3 8.6 4.9 10.3 9.3 3.4 6.8 2.5 2.1 2.2
Gross capital formation 8.0 1.5 7.1 12.3 15.6 21.7 -6.0 1.3 9.2 -24.8 32.0 2.6 11.0 3.2 -12.5 4.3
Exports of goods and services 15.8 -0.0 5.9 9.1 14.6 7.8 10.8 8.9 6.3 -12.5 14.1 9.2 5.0 2.7 0.2 0.2
Imports of goods and services 26.0 1.5 6.2 11.1 20.3 16.2 2.9 4.2 11.4 -21.0 22.8 12.4 5.6 1.6 -5.3 -0.4
Investment Financing at Current Prices

Gross domestic capital formation 1,130 1,235 1,312 1,505 1,786 2,316 2,269 2,314 2,740 1,993 2,741 3,029 3,462 3,548 3,161 3,264
Gross national saving 1,478 1,446 1,500 1,687 1,885 2,064 2,409 2,913 2,841 2,707 3,054 3,305 3,417 3,404 3,665 4,364
Gross domestic saving 1,555 1,569 1,677 1,907 2,101 2,237 2,543 3,029 2,972 2,897 3,339 3,222 3,566 3,881 4,030 4,796
Net factor income from abroad -100 -149 -203 -258 -302 -341 -312 -309 -354 -373 -476 -248 -530 -799 -651 -680
Net current transfer from abroade 23 27 26 39 86 169 178 193 222 183 192 330 380 322 287 247
Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

Gross domestic saving 30.7 29.3 29.1 30.2 30.2 29.4 30.3 33.4 30.6 30.0 30.9 28.5 28.9 30.1 30.7 35.4
Gross national saving 29.2 27.0 26.0 26.7 27.1 27.1 28.7 32.1 29.3 28.0 28.3 29.2 27.7 26.4 27.9 32.2
Gross domestic capital formation 22.3 23.1 22.7 23.8 25.7 30.4 27.0 25.5 28.2 20.6 25.4 26.8 28.0 27.5 24.1 24.1
At Current Market Prices baht

Per capita GDP 81,458 85,387 91,641 99,766 109,196 118,876 130,399 140,079 148,954 147,292 163,869 170,667 185,723 193,267 195,995 201,285
Per capita GNI 79,852 82,999 88,420 95,689 104,452 113,546 125,551 135,312 143,521 141,594 156,642 166,926 177,759 181,294 186,276 191,175
PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

Agriculture 2004–2006 = 100 90.9 94.5 96.4 102.7 100.1 98.1 101.8 110.2 109.4 112.6 111.4 119.7 128.1 128.2 … …
Miningf 1995 = 100 163.6 166.8 184.5 191.4 206.7 224.4 232.2 244.2 253.8 254.4 270.5 268.7 … … … …
Manufacturing 2000 = 100 100.0 102.7 112.0 127.7 142.6 149.8 159.3 172.2 178.9 170.0 194.2 100.0 110.6 113.2 107.4 107.7
ENERGY annual values

Crude petroleumg thousand metric tons
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Production 2,858 3,054 3,727 4,751 4,218 5,618 6,361 6,637 7,100 7,598 7,555 6,905 7,348 7,373 6,833 7,517
Exports 1,487 1,884 2,286 3,295 2,795 3,235 3,228 2,567 2,268 2,026 1,478 1,603 2,030 1,227 330 …
Imports 33,294 35,140 35,936 38,271 43,028 40,828 40,907 39,671 40,141 39,627 40,260 39,177 42,548 42,818 39,704 43,182
Consumption 36,625 35,897 37,442 39,705 42,312 42,473 41,860 41,758 39,826 40,949 43,596 45,926 48,772 50,113 51,161 51,776
Coal thousand metric tons

Production … … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports 509 605 625 436 739 460 616 492 354 204 755 873 1,198 923 5,421 3,027
Imports 4,183 4,939 5,599 7,110 7,550 8,569 11,215 14,482 16,017 16,389 16,965 16,337 18,614 18,030 20,933 21,932
Consumption 4,183 4,945 5,599 7,110 7,550 8,568 11,215 14,414 15,979 16,388 16,904 16,331 18,404 17,328 20,881 21,922
Electricity million kilowatt-hours

Production 95,521 100,987 108,442 115,938 124,133 130,426 136,767 142,538 145,437 145,907 157,575 153,316 168,956 168,634 173,764 177,775
Exports 150 168 188 206 253 501 586 745 961 1,306 1,314 1,335 1,912 1,794 2,066 2,267
Imports 2,966 2,882 2,812 2,473 3,378 4,372 5,152 4,488 2,784 2,451 7,254 10,774 10,527 12,572 12,260 14,414
Consumption 92,467 97,887 100,091 106,987 115,101 121,240 127,879 133,113 135,520 135,181 149,301 148,855 161,779 164,341 168,685 174,833
Retail prices baht/liter

Gasoline, premiumh 15.64 15.51 15.28 16.60 19.06 23.89 27.55 29.20 35.64 38.26 32.18 36.42 37.95 38.95 38.94 27.87
Diesel 12.93 13.43 13.12 14.03 14.59 20.01 25.56 25.66 31.16 29.44 28.59 29.44 30.41 29.97 29.73 24.87
PRICE INDEXES period averages

Consumer (national) 2011 = 100 74.5 75.7 76.2 77.6 79.8 83.4 87.3 89.2 94.1 93.3 96.3 100.0 103.0 105.3 107.3 106.3
Food 60.3 60.7 60.9 63.2 66.1 69.3 72.5 75.4 84.1 87.9 92.6 100.0 104.9 108.4 112.7 114.0
Nonfood 85.8 87.7 88.4 89.0 90.5 94.4 98.8 99.9 101.6 96.7 98.7 100.0 101.9 103.4 104.2 102.2
Consumer (Bangkok) 2011 = 100 76.6 77.8 78.2 79.5 81.5 85.1 88.9 90.8 94.9 93.9 96.5 100.0 103.2 105.2 106.7 106.2
Food 63.6 63.9 64.0 66.3 69.0 72.1 74.7 77.6 85.5 88.5 92.4 100.0 105.5 108.6 111.7 112.5
Nonfood 86.4 88.4 88.9 89.4 90.8 94.7 99.4 100.4 101.7 97.1 98.9 100.0 101.7 103.3 104.2 103.1
Producer 2005 | 2010 = 100 79.2 81.2 82.5 85.8 91.6 100.0 107.0 110.5 124.2 119.5 | 100.0 105.5 106.6 106.9 107.0 102.6
Implicit GDP deflator 2002 = 100 96.5 98.3 100.0 102.1 105.8 110.9 116.6 119.4 125.4 125.4 131.3 136.2 138.8 141.0 142.4 142.9
Price indexes annual change, percent

Consumer price index 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.8 2.7 4.5 4.7 2.3 5.5 -0.9 3.3 3.8 3.0 2.2 1.9 -0.9
Food price index -1.1 0.7 0.3 3.6 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.0 11.6 4.4 5.3 8.0 4.9 3.4 3.9 1.1
Nonfood price index 3.2 2.2 0.8 0.7 1.7 4.3 4.7 1.1 1.7 -4.8 2.1 1.3 1.9 1.5 0.8 -2.0
Producer price index 3.8 2.5 1.6 4.0 6.7 9.2 7.0 3.3 12.4 -3.8 9.4 5.5 1.0 0.3 0.1 -4.1
Implicit GDP deflator 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.1 3.6 4.8 5.1 2.5 5.0 0.0 4.7 3.7 1.9 1.6 1.0 0.3
MONEY AND BANKING billion baht; as of end of period

Money supply (M1)i 525.7 579.4 663.5 750.2 829.9 890.2 911.5 999.9 1,041.2 1,174.6 1,302.4 1,414.3 1,598.3 1,661.3 1,682.5 1,778.1
Currency in circulation 406.8 440.9 496.0 538.9 597.2 630.7 652.9 720.1 752.3 844.0 937.2 1,036.0 1,136.3 1,188.9 1,200.3 1,250.9
Demand deposits (excluding government deposits) 118.8 138.5 167.5 211.3 232.7 259.5 258.6 279.8 288.9 330.6 365.2 378.3 462.0 472.4 482.1 527.1
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Quasi-money 4,507.0 4,664.2 4,715.4 6,312.1 6,641.6 7,036.7 7,661.9 8,109.6 8,903.1 9,442.5 10,476.4 12,145.6 13,368.5 14,400.9 15,126.8 15,773.7
Money supply (M2)j 5,032.7 5,243.7 5,378.9 7,062.3 7,471.4 7,926.9 8,573.4 9,109.5 9,944.3 10,617.0 11,778.8 13,559.9 14,966.8 16,062.2 16,809.3 17,551.7
Foreign assets (net) 1,030.1 1,326.4 1,688.4 1,856.5 2,104.7 2,388.9 2,947.1 3,594.3 4,132.0 4,569.9 4,883.9 5,426.3 4,942.9 5,007.1 4,990.9 5,873.4
Domestic credit 5,466.3 5,135.0 5,535.1 7,720.5 8,079.8 8,452.3 8,546.5 8,883.8 9,565.9 10,014.2 11,015.2 12,778.5 14,719.1 15,888.8 16,777.9 17,558.4
Claims on government sectork 130.0 173.7 176.5 657.7 627.4 555.3 412.5 483.7 533.4 663.6 545.7 611.5 728.3 593.9 743.3 729.7
Claims on private sectorl 4,385.4 3,959.8 4,579.3 5,946.8 6,616.6 7,144.6 7,468.7 7,826.2 8,513.0 8,725.8 9,801.1 11,468.5 13,144.8 14,403.1 15,131.8 15,873.9
Claims on other financial institutions 951.0 1,001.5 779.3 1,116.0 835.8 752.4 665.3 573.9 519.4 624.8 668.4 698.5 845.9 891.8 902.8 954.8
Other items -1,463.8 -1,217.7 -1,844.6 -2,514.7 -2,713.1 -2,914.2 -2,920.2 -3,368.6 -3,753.6 -3,967.0 -4,120.2 -4,645.0 -4,695.2 -4,833.6 -4,959.6 -5,880.1
Money Supply (M2) annual change, percent 3.7 4.2 2.6 4.9 5.8 6.1 8.2 6.3 9.2 6.8 10.9 15.1 10.4 7.3 4.7 4.4
M2 percent of GDP at current market prices 99.3 98.1 93.2 111.8 107.4 104.1 102.1 100.4 102.4 110.0 109.0 120.0 121.2 124.5 128.0 129.7
Deposit money banks

Demand deposits 129.5 144.1 166.3 219.7 259.3 299.7 296.7 357.5 350.3 419.2 460.7 464.7 581.8 590.9 630.7 694.7
Savings deposits 1,354.0 1,624.2 1,797.9 2,259.5 2,585.2 2,678.0 2,370.2 2,656.6 2,773.0 3,329.6 3,805.9 4,056.2 4,840.3 5,135.3 5,734.3 6,387.9
Time deposits 3,410.6 3,316.6 3,230.5 2,949.2 2,816.0 3,181.1 3,848.4 3,514.4 3,957.7 3,324.1 3,202.1 3,416.0 4,737.6 5,373.2 5,305.0 4,997.8
Domestic credits outstandingm 3,399.6 3,328.3 3,273.1 3,398.9 3,828.1 4,148.0 4,379.5 4,883.0 5,824.2 6,228.3 7,114.8 7,704.0 9,130.5 10,106.5 10,495.4 11,035.8
Interest Rates percent per annum; as of end of period

On deposits
Savings 2.5 1.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5
Time: 6 monthsn 3.0 2.4 1.8 1.0 1.0 2.8 4.1 2.1 1.8 0.7 1.4 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.3
12 monthso 3.5 2.9 2.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 4.5 2.3 1.9 0.8 1.6 2.9 2.4 2.3 1.7 1.4
GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion baht; fiscal year ending 30 September

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 747.9 834.1 871.7 1,045.6 1,168.7 1,321.0 1,429.7 1,488.6 1,653.4 1,502.0 1,819.7 2,016.0 2,118.5 2,500.9 2,414.2 2,601.4
Total revenue 743.5 830.3 868.6 1,043.0 1,166.4 1,319.1 1,428.0 1,486.9 1,651.7 1,500.7 1,818.4 2,013.4 2,116.8 2,498.7 2,408.8 2,600.0
Current revenue 743.5 830.3 868.6 1,043.0 1,166.4 1,319.1 1,428.0 1,486.9 1,651.7 1,500.7 1,818.4 2,013.4 2,116.8 2,498.7 2,408.8 2,600.0
Taxes 651.3 687.4 763.8 897.6 1,023.6 1,161.2 1,274.6 1,321.3 1,460.5 1,321.3 1,574.0 1,798.0 1,868.8 2,177.9 2,066.1 2,202.7
Nontaxes 92.2 143.0 104.8 145.5 142.9 157.9 153.4 165.6 191.2 179.4 244.4 215.4 248.0 320.8 342.7 397.2
Capital receipts ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... … 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grants 4.3 3.8 3.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 2.6 1.6 2.2 5.4 1.5
Total expenditure and net lending 852.9 921.1 1,311.3 1,041.4 1,196.6 1,311.3 1,450.3 1,603.1 1,709.0 1,877.6 2,131.3 2,197.5 2,394.5 2,609.2 2,680.6 2,758.8
Total expenditure 852.9 921.1 1,311.3 1,041.4 1,196.6 1,311.3 1,450.3 1,603.1 1,709.0 1,877.6 2,131.3 2,197.5 2,394.5 2,609.2 2,680.6 2,758.8
Current expenditure 657.0 750.5 1,155.0 921.1 1,084.5 1,145.5 1,293.4 1,462.2 1,584.2 1,698.5 1,925.7 2,040.2 2,208.9 2,430.0 2,511.5 2,507.2
Capital expenditure 195.8 170.7 156.3 120.3 112.1 165.8 156.9 140.9 124.8 179.1 205.7 157.2 185.7 179.2 169.0 251.6
Net lending ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... … … … … … … … …
Current surplus/deficit 86.5 79.9 -286.4 121.9 82.0 173.6 134.6 24.7 67.5 -197.8 -107.3 -26.8 -92.1 68.7 -102.7 92.8
Capital account surplus/deficit -195.8 -170.7 -156.3 -120.3 -112.1 -165.8 -156.9 -140.9 -124.8 -179.1 -205.7 -157.2 -185.7 -179.2 -169.0 -251.6
Overall surplus/deficit -139.4 -136.6 -439.6 4.1 -27.9 9.7 -20.6 -114.5 -55.6 -375.5 -311.6 -181.5 -276.1 -108.3 -266.4 -157.4
Financing 139.4 136.6 439.6 -4.1 27.9 -9.7 20.6 114.5 55.6 375.5 311.6 181.5 276.1 237.0 149.0 118.7
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Domestic borrowing 73.2 114.3 500.7 29.8 46.2 56.1 71.3 198.5 96.5 379.5 259.8 180.5 -146.9 93.9 109.0 150.6
Foreign borrowing 66.3 22.3 -61.1 -33.9 -18.2 -65.8 -50.7 -84.0 -40.9 -4.0 51.9 1.0 423.0 143.1 40.1 -31.9
Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices

Total revenue 14.7 15.5 15.1 16.5 16.8 17.3 17.0 16.4 17.0 15.5 16.8 17.8 17.1 19.4 18.4 19.4
Taxes 12.8 12.9 13.2 14.2 14.7 15.2 15.2 14.6 15.0 13.7 14.6 15.9 15.1 16.9 15.8 16.4
Total expenditure 16.8 17.2 22.7 16.5 17.2 17.2 17.3 17.7 17.6 19.4 19.7 19.4 19.4 20.3 20.5 20.6
Overall surplus/deficit -2.8 -2.6 -7.6 0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -1.3 -0.6 -3.9 -2.9 -1.6 -2.2 -0.9 -2.1 -1.2
Expenditure by Function, Central Government

Total 857.9 905.2 1,311.4 1,041.5 1,196.8 1,311.3 1,450.3 1,603.1 1,709.0 1,877.6 2,131.3 2,197.5 2,394.5 2,609.2 2,680.6 2,758.8
General public services 161.1 148.6 484.5 222.9 279.8 322.3 433.3 452.9 453.4 417.2 480.0 558.5 576.8 846.5 892.1 830.5
Defensep 127.8 134.0 137.2 138.6 148.9 158.9 172.1 179.0 224.3 268.4 300.5 316.4 300.3 181.6 176.4 190.4
Education 198.4 199.8 226.5 235.3 263.0 265.8 276.5 332.0 364.5 397.2 441.2 466.2 460.1 475.5 492.6 516.0
Health 65.0 66.0 88.4 97.1 102.1 97.3 108.4 137.4 169.6 183.7 210.1 229.9 236.0 137.2 140.1 155.6
Social security and welfare 48.0 114.1 81.3 109.2 132.5 102.5 110.8 125.2 123.6 167.4 183.4 196.4 209.2 264.3 270.1 276.6
Housing and community amenities 39.6 50.1 54.3 22.2 9.5 27.1 35.4 10.1 31.2 50.0 75.6 47.5 164.0 72.8 57.0 72.7
Economic services 209.4 185.7 230.3 207.5 242.7 323.2 261.9 347.8 318.8 369.3 417.0 359.6 421.6 457.8 473.7 508.9
Agricultureq 72.2 68.6 84.1 71.5 69.1 68.5 61.7 92.5 85.8 93.8 83.3 44.6 112.5 171.3 200.0 212.5
Industryr 6.7 7.1 7.5 7.5 6.4 7.7 8.7 1.1 6.9 9.0 38.4 30.0 51.8 18.2 18.5 20.8
Electricity, gas, and waters 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.9 2.3 6.3 2.3 2.4 9.7 10.1 6.5 13.7 80.3 89.2 52.6
Transport and communications 99.3 83.7 75.9 54.9 65.7 71.3 57.6 54.0 64.3 81.1 31.7 36.0 43.8 138.0 127.5 182.8
Other economic servicest 29.6 24.6 61.1 72.2 99.6 173.4 127.7 197.8 159.5 175.7 253.5 242.4 199.8 50.0 38.6 40.2
Others 8.5 6.9 8.9 8.7 18.3 14.1 52.0 18.7 23.6 24.5 23.5 22.8 26.5 173.5 178.6 208.1
Expenditure by Function percent of GDP at current market prices

Education 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8
Health 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.2
Social security and welfare 0.9 2.1 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.1
EXTERNAL TRADE billion baht; calendar year

Exports, fob 2,773.8 2,884.7 2,923.9 3,325.6 3,873.7 4,438.7 4,937.4 5,302.1 5,851.4 5,194.6 6,113.3 6,708.0 7,078.4 6,909.7 7,313.1 7,227.9
Imports, fob 2,494.1 2,752.3 2,774.8 3,138.8 3,801.1 4,754.0 4,942.9 4,870.2 5,962.5 4,602.0 5,856.6 6,982.7 7,786.1 7,657.3 7,403.9 6,906.1
Trade balance 279.7 132.4 149.1 186.9 72.6 -315.3 -5.6 431.9 -111.1 592.6 256.7 -274.7 -707.7 -747.6 -90.8 321.8
External Trade annual change, percent

Exports 25.2 4.0 1.4 13.7 16.5 14.6 11.2 7.4 10.4 -11.2 17.7 9.7 5.5 -2.4 5.8 -1.2
Imports 30.8 10.4 0.8 13.1 21.1 25.1 4.0 -1.5 22.4 -22.8 27.3 19.2 11.5 -1.7 -3.3 -6.7
Direction of Trade million US dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 68,963 65,113 68,850 80,322 96,218 110,163 130,562 153,858 175,897 151,910 193,366 220,221 227,756 224,864 225,193 211,054
1. China, People's Rep. of 2,806 2,863 3,553 5,707 7,098 9,105 11,810 14,844 16,029 16,072 21,479 25,969 26,702 26,806 24,826 23,366
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2. United States 14,706 13,246 13,522 13,669 15,492 16,950 19,626 19,449 20,096 16,630 20,243 21,585 22,678 22,644 23,720 23,720
3. Japan 10,164 9,964 10,001 11,395 13,452 14,979 16,492 18,122 19,879 15,669 20,317 23,613 23,320 21,879 21,521 19,770
4. Hong Kong, China 3,474 3,298 3,699 4,331 4,924 6,123 7,214 8,695 9,950 9,449 11,257 11,827 13,041 12,982 12,481 11,650
5. Malaysia 2,813 2,722 2,835 3,887 5,295 5,781 6,656 7,820 9,781 7,640 10,569 12,266 12,351 12,803 12,632 10,032
6. Singapore 5,997 5,287 5,554 5,873 7,009 7,641 8,411 9,610 9,999 7,552 9,003 11,301 10,763 11,056 10,339 8,614
7. Indonesia 1,338 1,366 1,678 2,274 3,207 3,953 3,336 4,819 6,259 4,654 7,347 9,971 11,142 10,702 9,412 7,712
8. Australia 1,615 1,358 1,640 2,167 2,460 3,151 4,379 5,938 7,896 8,544 9,372 7,917 9,710 10,179 9,202 9,618
9. Viet Nam 838 797 947 1,267 1,873 2,348 3,094 3,803 4,968 4,666 5,846 6,986 6,443 7,065 7,801 8,773
10. India 566 482 413 641 910 1,520 1,822 2,663 3,308 3,215 4,395 5,128 5,440 5,101 5,558 5,215
Imports, total 61,924 62,057 64,721 75,824 94,407 118,143 130,605 141,294 179,168 134,734 185,121 229,137 250,588 249,652 227,997 201,977
1. Japan 15,315 13,881 14,902 18,267 22,379 26,026 26,034 28,655 33,535 25,211 38,320 42,268 49,030 40,979 35,551 31,129
2. China, People's Rep. of 3,377 3,711 4,928 6,067 8,182 11,153 13,801 16,381 20,149 17,162 24,526 30,553 37,327 37,595 38,528 40,911
3. United States 7,291 7,198 6,197 7,185 7,270 8,724 9,782 9,641 11,501 8,502 10,885 13,501 12,721 14,662 14,694 13,921
4. United Arab Emirates 1,766 1,529 1,428 2,039 3,711 5,699 7,219 6,898 11,160 6,720 8,886 14,499 15,753 17,366 12,724 8,134
5. Malaysia 3,344 3,078 3,640 4,540 5,549 8,092 8,599 8,702 9,726 8,642 10,857 12,352 13,190 13,238 12,760 11,873
6. Korea, Rep. of 2,165 2,121 2,527 2,919 3,590 3,888 5,198 5,338 6,857 5,461 8,167 9,234 9,058 9,043 8,560 7,013
7. Singapore 3,416 2,854 2,904 3,270 4,153 5,375 5,760 6,342 7,104 5,761 6,368 7,803 7,883 8,180 7,894 7,187
8. Taipei,China 2,895 2,599 2,905 3,229 3,977 4,501 5,175 5,788 6,217 4,835 6,898 7,519 8,262 7,572 7,545 7,502
9. Indonesia 1,299 1,364 1,559 1,771 2,323 3,130 3,484 4,025 5,420 3,832 5,759 7,403 8,145 8,066 7,290 6,536
10. Saudi Arabia 1,159 1,349 1,225 1,716 2,324 4,044 4,261 4,618 7,261 4,021 5,892 7,403 8,299 8,479 7,828 4,915
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS million US dollars; calendar year

Current account balance 9,328 5,114 4,685 4,784 2,767 -7,642 2,315 15,584 931 20,666 10,023 8,902 -1,499 -5,169 15,418 31,958
Balance on goods 5,466 2,494 2,739 3,759 1,460 3,402 13,670 26,640 17,348 32,620 29,751 16,989 6,670 6,661 24,583 34,565
Exports 67,889 63,070 66,092 78,105 94,941 109,362 127,941 151,258 175,233 150,819 191,647 219,118 225,745 225,409 224,777 212,080
Imports 62,423 60,576 63,353 74,346 93,481 105,960 114,272 124,618 157,885 118,199 161,897 202,130 219,075 218,748 200,194 177,515
Balance on services 4,650 4,475 5,007 5,062 5,294 -6,873 -8,002 -7,957 -12,897 -6,354 -10,706 -10,569 -3,354 3,730 2,103 10,133
Credit 13,869 13,024 15,391 15,801 19,050 19,925 24,612 30,114 33,125 30,157 34,318 41,571 49,646 58,641 55,337 61,084
Debit 9,219 8,549 10,384 10,739 13,756 26,798 32,614 38,071 46,021 36,511 45,024 52,141 53,000 54,911 53,234 50,951
Balance on primary income -1,373 -2,454 -3,664 -4,978 -6,121 -8,371 -8,046 -8,693 -10,194 -10,948 -15,069 -8,340 -17,040 -26,049 -20,097 -19,962
Credit 4,234 3,919 3,419 3,152 3,247 2,453 3,333 5,599 4,988 3,848 5,105 6,944 7,607 6,123 7,029 5,423
Debit 5,607 6,373 7,083 8,130 9,368 10,824 11,379 14,292 15,182 14,797 20,174 15,284 24,646 32,171 27,126 25,385
Balance on secondary income 585 599 603 941 2,134 4,200 4,693 5,594 6,674 5,348 6,047 10,823 12,224 10,488 8,830 7,222
Credit 951 987 980 1,326 2,483 4,778 5,321 6,279 7,502 7,142 7,942 12,967 14,632 13,244 11,527 9,949
Debit 366 388 377 385 349 578 628 686 828 1,794 1,894 2,144 2,408 2,756 2,697 2,727
Capital account 0 0 … … … … … … … 68 245 -41 234 281 100 0
Credit … … … … … … … … … 68 245 64 234 281 100 0
Debit … … … … … … … … … 0 0 105 0 0 0 0
Financial account -10,261 -3,474 -1,845 -4,759 3,628 7,857 7,389 -183 17,289 1,386 23,573 -8,269 12,790 -2,488 -16,489 -19,511
Direct investment 3,371 4,631 3,164 4,614 5,786 7,664 7,877 7,087 6,222 415 6,615 -4,702 -1,362 3,814 -563 -3,481
Portfolio investment -712 -881 -1,606 -73 3,071 6,494 4,912 -3,910 159 -429 4,870 6,163 3,398 -4,766 -12,086 -17,850
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Financial derivatives -529 -894 -179 -174 174 130 -610 539 -341 431 911
Other investments -12,920 -7,224 -3,403 -9,300 -5,229 -5,772 -4,507 -3,181 11,082 1,226 11,957 -9,120 10,214 -1,195 -4,271 908
Net errors and omissions -684 -323 1,394 118 -660 5,207 3,038 1,702 6,473 2,007 -2,516 622 -6,261 2,327 -239 -6,588
Overall balance -1,617 1,317 4,234 143 5,735 5,422 12,742 17,102 24,693 24,127 31,324 1,214 5,265 -5,049 -1,210 5,859
Reserves and related items -1,617 1,317 4,234 143 5,735 5,422 12,742 17,102 24,693 24,127 31,324 1,214 5,265 -5,049 -1,210 5,859
Balance of Payments percent of GDP at current market prices

Exports 53.7 52.4 49.2 51.3 54.9 57.8 57.7 57.5 60.1 53.6 56.2 59.1 56.8 53.7 55.6 53.7
Imports 49.4 50.4 47.2 48.8 54.1 56.0 51.5 47.4 54.2 42.0 47.5 54.5 55.1 52.1 49.5 44.9
Balance on goods 4.3 2.1 2.0 2.5 0.8 1.8 6.2 10.1 6.0 11.6 8.7 4.6 1.7 1.6 6.1 8.7
Current account balance 7.4 4.3 3.5 3.1 1.6 -4.0 1.0 5.9 0.3 7.3 2.9 2.4 -0.4 -1.2 3.8 8.1
Overall balance -1.3 1.1 3.2 0.1 3.3 2.9 5.7 6.5 8.5 8.6 9.2 0.3 1.3 -1.2 -0.3 1.5
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US dollars; as of end of period

Total 32,661 33,041 38,915 42,148 49,831 52,065 66,985 87,455 111,008 138,418 172,129 175,124 181,609 167,289 157,108 156,514
Gold, national valuation 645 686 869 1,071 1,167 1,374 1,693 2,234 2,347 2,935 4,599 7,735 8,282 5,961 5,854 5,248
Foreign exchange 31,933 32,350 38,042 40,965 48,498 50,502 65,147 85,110 108,317 133,599 165,656 165,200 171,106 159,022 149,064 149,291
Reserve position in the IMF 0 0 0 111 165 188 143 111 213 361 377 695 725 806 777 624
SDRs 83 5 4 0 1 1 1 0 131 1,523 1,497 1,494 1,497 1,500 1,412 1,351
EXCHANGE RATES baht per US dollar

End of period 43.27 44.22 43.15 39.59 39.06 41.03 36.05 33.72 34.90 33.32 30.15 31.69 30.63 32.81 32.96 36.09
Average of period 40.11 44.43 42.96 41.48 40.22 40.22 37.88 34.52 33.31 34.29 31.69 30.49 31.08 30.73 32.48 34.25
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 79,830 67,297 62,922 58,453 58,414 58,464 62,456 62,741 66,583 80,787 106,323 109,910 134,222 137,317 135799 …
Long-term 61,778 52,286 50,497 47,371 46,794 42,329 44,517 44,312 45,997 45,981 54,172 61,132 74,551 73,927 77770 …
Public and publicly guaranteed 29,462 26,218 23,734 20,712 18,908 17,449 16,645 14,812 14,659 14,707 21,172 26,445 34,731 34,014 33420 …
Private nonguaranteed 32,316 26,069 26,763 26,660 27,887 24,880 27,872 29,500 31,338 31,274 33,000 34,687 39,820 39,913 44350 …
Short-term debt 14,880 13,223 11,919 10,956 11,488 16,014 17,812 18,295 20,455 33,284 50,657 47,288 58,181 61,896 56624 …
Use of IMF credit 3,172 1,787 506 126 131 121 127 134 130 1,521 1,494 1,490 1,491 1,494 1406 …
External debt percent of GNI 66.1 59.8 51.4 42.7 37.9 34.8 31.4 26.4 25.3 31.9 34.8 33.0 38.2 38.0 38.2 …
Total long-term debt percent of total debt 77.4 77.7 80.3 81.0 80.1 72.4 71.3 70.6 69.1 56.9 51.0 55.6 55.5 53.8 57.3 …
Short-term debt percent of total debt 18.6 19.6 18.9 18.7 19.7 27.4 28.5 29.2 30.7 41.2 47.6 43.0 43.3 45.1 41.7 …
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services 16.3 25.4 23.2 15.5 11.0 13.7 9.4 11.8 7.9 6.8 4.7 3.9 5.4 4.4 5.2 …
Debt Service million US dollars; transactions during the year

Principal repayments on long-term debt 8,945 15,720 15,811 12,559 11,213 16,464 12,794 20,333 15,417 11,313 9,386 8,815 13,316 11,054 12,937 2,569
Interest on long-term debt 3,776 2,617 2,099 1,729 1,284 1,074 1,092 882 1,091 1,085 1,075 1,176 1,354 1,213 1,473 278
Interest on short-term debt 905 562 419 382 384 503 761 789 470 321 499 486 666 616 564 …
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Average terms of new commitments
Interest percent per annum 1.5 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.7 3.3 5.4 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.9 2.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 …
Maturity years 29.0 6.9 24.9 6.6 3.0 13.6 5.8 17.2 15.5 21.3 19.3 19.2 20.1 0.0 0.0 …
Grace period years 6.8 3.6 4.6 3.6 3.0 9.1 2.2 5.2 11.4 13.7 17.3 17.2 18.5 0.0 0.0 …
Grant element percent 59.8 28.5 45.3 28.5 20.7 35.2 14.4 50.4 54.9 64.8 64.8 59.7 67.3 0.0 0.0 …
… = data not available at cutoff date; | = marks break in series; 0 or 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; – = magnitude equals zero; fob = freight on board; GDP = gross domestic product; GNI = gross national
income; IMF = International Monetary Fund; NPISH = nonprofit institution serving households; SDR = special drawing right; US = United States.
a Labor force refers to the population aged 15 years and over, and includes seasonally inactive labor force. Data refer to the average of four survey rounds.
b Includes the remaining industries and is derived as residual.
c Refers to hotels and restaurants.
d Includes final consumption of nonprofit institutions serving households (NPISHs).
e Derived from balance-of-payments data.
f Series was discontinued from the country source.
g Beginning July 2010, premium gasoline was no longer available in Thailand. Data for 2010 onward pertain to Gasohol 95.
h Derived using data and conversion factors available on Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO) website.
i Refers to narrow money from 2003 onward.
j Refers to broad money from 2003 onward.
k Includes net claims on government, local government, and public nonfinancial corporations from 2003 onward.
l Refers to claims on nonfinancial public enterprises and claims on business and household sectors until 2002. From 2003 onward, includes other nonfinancial corporations and other resident sectors .
m Refers to loans and overdrafts.
n Actual range of rates (in %) for 2001 is 2.25%–2.50%.
o Actual range of rates (in %) for 2001 is 2.75%–3.00%.
p Includes public order and safety.
q Refers to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.
r Refers to mining, manufacturing, and construction.
s Refers to fuel and energy.
t Computed as residual.
Sources:
Population National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB). Official communication, 22 June 2016; past communication; official
website: http://www.nesdb.go.th.
Labor Force National Statistical Office (NSO). Official communication, 24 June 2016; past communication; official website, http://www.nso.go.th.
National Accounts NESDB. Official communication, 22 June 2016; past communication; official website: http://www.nesdb.go.th.
Production Indexes
Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E (accessed 13 July 2016).
THAILAND
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Mining Bank of Thailand (BOT). Official communication, 28 June 2016; past communication; official website:
https://www.bot.or.th/English/Pages/default.aspx.
Manufacturing
Energy
Crude Petroleum Energy Policy and Planning Office official website, http://www.eppo.go.th.
Coal
Electricity
Retail Prices BOT. Official communication, 28 June 2016; past communication.
Price Indexes BOT. Official communication, 28 June 2016; past communication.
Money and Banking BOT. Official communication, 28 June 2016; past communication.
Government Finance Ministry of Finance (MOF). Official communication, 20 June 2016; past communication.
External Trade BOT. Official communication, 28 June 2016; past communication.
Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics, CD-ROM, July 2016.
Balance of Payments BOT. Official communication, 22 June 2015; past communication.
International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics, CD-ROM, May 2016.

Exchange Rates
External Indebtedness World Bank. World Development Indicators and International Debt Statistics. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?
source=world-development-indicators (accessed 25 May 2016).
THAILAND
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 59.40 60.00 60.60 61.20 61.81 62.24 62.39 62.55 62.70 62.86 63.01 63.17
Population density persons per square kilometer 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 122 122 123 123 123
Population annual change, percent 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Urban populationa percent of total population 18.0 18.0 19.0 19.0 19.0| 31.1 29.0 29.0 29.0 32.2 32.5 32.9
LABOR FORCEb thousand; calendar year 31878 32123 32575 32410 32719 33224 33813 34262 34902 35718 36132 36429
Employed 30815 30976 31522 30105 30663 31293 32104 33061 33841 34729 35257 35686
Agriculture 14389 13986 14145 13407 13804 13830 13612 14042 13880 13634 13617 14171
Manufacturing 4608 4329 4303 4264 4274 4650 4927 5052 5299 5476 5588 5504
Mining 55 53 52 45 64 45 50 45 47 50 57 58
Others 11763 12608 13022 12389 12522 12768 13516 13922 14615 15568 15996 15953
Unemployed 538 492 488 1413 1370 1194 1124 823 754 739 663 552
Unemployment rate percent 1.7 1.5 1.5 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.5
Labor force annual change,percent 1.4 0.8 1.4 -0.5 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.9 2.3 1.1 0.9
Labor force participation rate percent 74.5 73.9 73.5 72.1 71.6 71.5 71.9 71.9 72.2 72.4 72.5 72.2
Male 79.2 78.7 78.4 77.7 77.2 77.1 80.6 80.6 80.8 81.2 81.1 80.9
Female 63.7 62.7 62.5 61.2 60.8 60.9 63.3 63.3 63.9 63.8 64.3 64.0
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS billion Baht; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market pricesc 4211 4631 4702 4693 4781 5060 5334 5759 6306 6944 7586 8365
Agriculture 383 420 427 482 426 431 459 502 597 646 700 790
Mining 58 72 88 89 91 119 128 137 155 175 222 258
Manufacturing 1116 1203 1258 1286 1360 1450 1498 1657 1881 2059 2269 2549
Electricity, gas, and water 102 108 120 144 131 147 168 177 192 213 222 241
Construction 307 349 267 186 169 152 155 167 176 197 227 245
Trade 753 825 865 838 848 868 908 930 974 1057 1135 1219
Transport and communications 294 327 353 364 394 418 459 485 498 547 567 621
Finance 543 606 559 492 502 569 610 702 786 883 981 1069
Public administration 192 210 233 261 283 300 317 341 360 393 438 483
Others 463 511 532 549 578 606 632 662 687 773 825 891
Net factor income from abroad -82 -117 -140 -182 -147 -100 -149 -203 -258 -302 -341 -312
GNIc 4129 4514 4562 4511 4635 4960 5185 5557 6047 6642 7245 8053

Agriculture 9.1 9.1 9.1 10.3 8.9 8.5 8.6 8.7 9.5 9.3 9.2 9.4
Industry 37.6 37.4 36.8 36.3 36.6 36.9 36.5 37.1 38.1 38.1 38.8 39.4
Services 53.3 53.5 54.1 53.4 54.5 54.6 54.9 54.2 52.4 52.6 52.0 51.2
Expenditure on GDP at current market pricesc 4211 4631 4702 4693 4781 5060 5334 5759 6306 6944 7586 8365
Private consumption 2157 2391 2488 2421 2539 2735 2982 3201 3503 3875 4243 4566
Government consumption 475 537 569 614 650 684 716 756 813 908 1036 1130
THAILAND
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Gross fixed capital formation 1743 1932 1630 1041 978 1094 1202 1264 1455 1729 2110 2255
Increase in stocks 65 41 -16 -98 -11 36 34 48 50 57 206 14
Exports of goods and services 1752 1810 2272 2724 2703 3287 3381 3499 3887 4588 5208 5768
Less: Imports of goods and services 2034 2099 2205 1989 2120 2862 3048 3134 3485 4273 5288 5494
Statistical discrepancy 54 19 -37 -21 43 86 67 126 83 59 71 126

Private consumption 51.2 51.6 52.9 51.6 53.1 54.0 55.9 55.6 55.5 55.8 55.9 54.6
Government consumption 11.3 11.6 12.1 13.1 13.6 13.5 13.4 13.1 12.9 13.1 13.7 13.5
Gross domestic capital formation 42.9 42.6 34.3 20.1 20.2 22.3 23.2 22.8 23.9 25.7 30.5 27.1
Exports of goods and services 41.6 39.1 48.3 58.0 56.5 65.0 63.4 60.8 61.6 66.1 68.7 69.0
Imports of goods and services 48.3 45.3 46.9 42.4 44.3 56.6 57.1 54.4 55.3 61.5 69.7 65.7
Statistical discrepancy 1.3 0.4 -0.8 -0.4 0.9 1.7 1.3 2.2 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.5
At Chained Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 2002 market pricesc 5058 5344 5197 4799 5019 5243 5424 5759 6173 6563 6837 7175
Agriculture 412 433 431 434 455 486 501 502 562 555 555 577
Mining 97 114 121 113 121 126 127 137 150 153 172 182
Manufacturing 1347 1424 1437 1316 1445 1493 1522 1657 1825 1961 2044 2158
Electricity, gas, and water 118 126 135 137 136 151 165 177 184 198 208 216
Construction 373 403 291 194 175 157 158 167 172 186 204 207
Trade 972 995 971 863 870 888 914 930 975 1024 1044 1098
Transport and communications 314 345 359 350 382 413 450 485 495 550 577 627
Finance 659 697 618 519 529 594 620 702 782 852 908 947
Public administration 229 244 264 288 306 314 324 341 350 351 369 379
Others 546 572 581 591 603 623 644 662 679 735 759 789
Net factor income from abroad … … … … … … … … … … … …
GNI … … … … … … … … … … … …
Growth of Outputc annual change, percent

GDP 8.1 5.7 -2.8 -7.7 4.6 4.5 3.4 6.2 7.2 6.3 4.2 4.9
Agriculture 1.3 5.3 -0.5 0.7 4.8 6.8 3.1 0.1 11.9 -1.1 -0.1 3.9
Industry 10.6 6.6 -4.3 -11.5 6.7 2.6 2.3 8.4 9.0 7.2 5.2 5.1
Services 7.5 5.1 -2.1 -6.5 3.1 5.3 4.3 5.7 5.1 7.0 4.2 5.0
Expenditure on GDP at 2002 market pricesc 5058 5344 5197 4799 5019 5243 5424 5759 6173 6563 6837 7175
Private consumption 2745 2884 2843 2552 2656 2843 3011 3201 3435 3693 3848 3957
Government consumption 570 626 643 673 697 712 731 756 795 826 893 913
Gross fixed capital formation 2535 2712 2121 1187 1134 1169 1190 1264 1424 1650 1885 1935
Increase in stocks 82 48 -18 -98 -12 37 34 48 50 54 188 11
Exports of goods and services 2276 2174 2371 2627 2853 3305 3304 3499 3819 4377 4717 5225
Less: Imports of goods and services 2916 2821 2576 2072 2309 2908 2951 3134 3482 4189 4867 5010
Statistical discrepancy -33 -38 -11 -32 14 82 103 126 132 143 148 120
THAILAND
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Private consumption 8.3 5.1 -1.4 -10.2 4.1 7.1 5.9 6.3 7.3 7.5 4.2 2.8
Government consumption 6.9 9.8 2.8 4.6 3.6 2.2 2.6 3.4 5.2 3.9 8.0 2.3
Gross domestic capital formation 12.3 5.2 -24.2 -48.9 4.1 8.0 1.6 7.1 12.3 15.6 21.7 -6.0
Exports of goods and services 15.4 -4.5 9.1 10.8 8.6 15.8 -0.0 5.9 9.1 14.6 7.7 10.8
Imports of goods and services 23.0 -3.2 -8.7 -19.6 11.4 26.0 1.5 6.2 11.1 20.3 16.2 3.0
Investment Financing at Current Prices

Gross domestic capital formation 1808 1973 1614 944 966 1130 1235 1312 1505 1786 2316 2269
Gross national saving 1456 1586 1556 1513 1416 1478 1446 1500 1687 1885 2064 2408
Gross domestic saving 1526 1684 1681 1679 1549 1555 1569 1677 1907 2101 2237 2543
Net factor income from abroad -82 -117 -140 -182 -147 -100 -149 -203 -258 -302 -341 -312
Net current transfers from abroadd 12 19 15 17 13 23 27 26 39 86 169 178

Gross domestic saving 36.2 36.4 35.8 35.8 32.4 30.7 29.4 29.1 30.2 30.3 29.5 30.4
Gross national saving 34.6 34.2 33.1 32.2 29.6 29.2 27.1 26.0 26.8 27.1 27.2 28.8
Gross domestic capital formation 42.9 42.6 34.3 20.1 20.2 22.3 23.2 22.8 23.9 25.7 30.5 27.1
At Current Market Pricesc Baht

Per capita GDP 70884 77181 77590 76684 77363 81304 85495 92082 100564 110471 120393 132430
Per capita GNI 69512 75234 75274 73703 74987 79698 83099 88839 96446 105664 114975 127486

Agriculture 2004–2006 = 100 78.2 80.7 82.9 79.8 83.2 91.3 94.7 95.8 102.4 100.1 98.0 101.9
Mining 1995 = 100 100.0 117.9 140.6 143.7 152.1 163.6 166.8 184.5 191.4 206.7 224.4 232.2
Manufacturing 2000 = 100 83.4 91.2 91.8 83.3 93.5 100.0 102.7 112.0 127.7 142.6 149.8 159.3

Crude petroleum thousand metric tons
Production 960 1082 1123 1219 1417 2457 2615 3201 4179 3658 4861 5536
Exports – 85 671 695 820 2825 1672 2465 3728 4101 3103 2995
Imports 22840 29210 31190 28090 29856 27946 29795 30808 37869 43695 50806 47730
Consumption 23800 30207 31642 28614 30453 27577 30737 31544 38321 43252 52564 50271

Production 4 – – – – – – … … … … …
Exports 6 136 169 235 162 509 605 625 436 739 460 616
Imports 2747 4298 3591 1982 3568 4595 5345 6047 7563 8103 9110 11980
Consumption 2741 4163 3422 1747 3405 4086 4740 5422 7126 7364 8650 11364

Production 79734 87045 92662 89531 89159 95531 100988 108418 115852 124129 130426 136767
Exports 77 85 98 138 166 151 195 188 206 253 501 586
THAILAND
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Imports 698 806 807 1623 2256 2980 2881 2812 2473 3377 4372 5156
Consumption 74318 81064 86462 84591 85261 92467 97887 105182 112142 120299 126521 133572
Retail prices Baht/liter

Gasoline, premiume 9.1 9.3 10.5 11.9 12.0 15.6 15.5 15.3 16.6 19.1 23.9 27.6
Diesel 7.6 8.6 9.5 9.2 9.0 12.9 13.4 13.1 14.0 14.6 20.0 25.6

Consumer (national) 2011 = 100 60.6 64.1 67.7 73.1 73.3 74.5 75.7 76.2 77.6 79.8 83.4 87.3
Food 48.3 52.6 56.2 61.5 61.0 60.3 60.7 60.9 63.2 66.1 69.3 72.5
Nonfood 70.8 73.3 76.7 82.3 83.1 85.8 87.7 88.4 89.0 90.5 94.4 98.8
Consumer (Bangkok) 2011 = 100 62.6 66.2 69.7 75.1 75.4 76.6 77.8 78.2 79.5 81.5 85.1 88.9
Food 51.2 55.8 59.1 64.4 64.1 63.6 63.9 64.0 66.3 69.0 72.1 74.7
Nonfood 71.6 74.1 77.5 83.0 83.8 86.4 88.4 88.9 89.4 90.8 94.7 99.4
Producer 2005 = 100 66.7 67.9 71.3 80.0 76.2 79.2 81.2 82.5 85.8 91.6 100.0 107.0
Implicit GDP deflator 2002 = 100 83.3 86.7 90.5 97.8 95.3 96.5 98.3 100.0 102.2 105.8 111.0 116.6
Price Indexes annual change, percent

Consumer price index 5.8 5.9 5.5 8.1 0.3 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.8 2.7 4.5 4.7
Food price index … 8.9 7.0 9.6 -0.9 -1.1 0.7 0.3 3.6 4.5 5.0 4.6
Producer price index … 1.8 5.1 12.1 -4.7 3.8 2.5 1.6 4.0 6.7 9.2 7.0
Implicit GDP deflator 5.7 4.1 4.4 8.1 -2.6 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.2 3.6 4.9 5.1
MONEY AND BANKING billion Baht; as of end of period

Money supply (M1)f 388.3 423.7 428.8 441.7 575.0 525.7 579.4 663.5 | 750.2 829.9 890.2 911.5
Currency in circulation 284.1 304.3 334.0 318.3 472.4 406.8 440.9 496.0 | 538.9 597.2 630.7 652.9
Demand deposits (excluding government deposits) 104.2 119.4 94.8 123.4 102.6 118.8 138.5 167.5 | 211.3 232.7 259.5 258.6
Quasi-money 2922.3 3303.0 3910.6 4311.6 4279.7 4507.0 4664.2 4715.4 | 6312.1 6641.6 7036.7 7661.9
Money supply (M2)g 3310.6 3726.7 4339.3 4753.4 4854.7 5032.7 5243.7 5378.9 | 7062.3 7471.4 7926.9 8573.4
Foreign assets (net) 3.4 -78.7 -559.1 68.6 672.7 1030.1 1326.4 1688.4 | 1856.5 2104.7 2388.9 2947.1
Domestic credit 4071.4 4638.6 6237.4 6163.4 5905.2 5466.3 5135.0 5535.1 | 7720.5 8079.8 8452.3 8546.5
Claims on government sectorh -393.6 -466.1 -426.4 -1.0 65.1 130.0 173.7 176.5 | 657.7 627.4 555.3 412.5
Claims on private sectori 4207.2 4820.2 5902.3 5484.6 5215.2 4385.4 3959.8 4579.3 | 5946.8 6616.6 7144.6 7468.7
Claims on other financial institutions 257.8 284.4 761.6 679.8 625.0 951.0 1001.5 779.3 | 1116.0 835.8 752.4 665.3
Other items -764.2 -833.3 -1339.0 -1478.6 -1723.2 -1463.8 -1217.7 -1844.6 | -2514.7 -2713.1 -2914.2 -2920.2
Money supply (M2) annual change, percent 17.0 12.6 16.4 9.5 2.1 3.7 4.2 2.6 4.9 5.8 6.1 8.2
M2 percent of GDP at current market prices 78.6 80.5 92.3 101.3 101.5 99.5 98.3 93.4 112.0 107.6 104.5 102.5
Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits 157.5 172.4 174.0 112.4 112.1 129.5 144.1 166.3 219.7 259.3 299.7 296.7
Savings deposits 734.7 808.4 848.2 961.0 1124.6 1354.0 1624.2 1797.9 2259.5 2585.2 2678.0 2370.2
Time deposits 2331.5 2681.1 3271.3 3596.6 3413.4 3410.6 3316.6 3230.5 2949.2 2816.0 3181.1 3848.4
THAILAND
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Domestic credits outstandingj 3286.4 3739.2 4669.8 4308.2 3939.3 3399.6 3328.3 3273.1 3398.9 3828.1 4148.0 4379.5

On deposits
Savings 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 3.0 2.5 1.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 2.5
Time: 6 monthsk 10.6 8.9 10.8 6.0 3.8 3.0 2.4 1.8 1.0 1.0 2.8 4.1
12 monthsl 10.6 8.9 11.5 6.0 4.1 3.5 2.9 2.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 4.5
GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion Baht; fiscal year ending 30 September

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 765.5 854.2 849.2 732.4 713.0 747.9 834.1 871.7 1045.6 1168.7 1321.0 1429.7
Total revenue 761.8 851.1 846.2 727.9 709.0 743.5 830.3 868.6 1043.0 1166.4 1319.1 1428.0
Current revenue 761.8 851.1 846.2 727.9 709.0 743.5 830.3 868.6 1043.0 1166.4 1319.1 1428.0
Taxes 690.3 771.4 754.0 641.6 612.7 651.3 687.4 763.8 897.6 1023.6 1161.2 1274.6
Nontaxes 71.5 79.7 92.2 86.3 96.2 92.2 143.0 104.8 145.5 142.9 157.9 153.4
Capital receipts ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Grants 3.8 3.1 3.0 4.5 4.0 4.3 3.8 3.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.7
Total expenditure and net lending 645.2 739.7 937.3 1034.5 1144.7 852.9 921.1 1311.3 1041.4 1196.6 1311.3 1450.3
Total expenditure 645.2 739.7 937.3 1034.5 1144.7 852.9 921.1 1311.3 1041.4 1196.6 1311.3 1450.3
Current expenditure 440.5 501.7 604.0 757.6 921.2 657.0 750.5 1155.0 921.1 1084.5 1145.5 1293.4
Capital expenditure 204.8 237.9 333.3 276.9 223.5 195.8 170.7 156.3 120.3 112.1 165.8 156.9
Net lending ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Current surplus/deficit 321.3 349.4 242.2 -29.7 -212.2 86.5 79.9 -286.4 121.9 82.0 173.6 134.6
Capital account surplus/deficit -204.8 -237.9 -333.3 -276.9 -223.5 -195.8 -170.7 -156.3 -120.3 -112.1 -165.8 -156.9
Overall surplus/deficit 107.6 99.3 -104.9 -328.8 -457.4 -139.4 -136.6 -439.6 4.1 -27.9 9.7 -20.6
Financing
Domestic borrowing -115.1 -102.2 94.7 257.4 404.8 73.2 114.3 500.7 29.8 46.2 56.1 71.3
Foreign borrowing 7.5 2.9 10.2 71.4 52.6 66.3 22.3 -61.1 -33.9 -18.2 -65.8 -50.7
Government Finance percent of GDP at current market pricesm

Total revenue 18.1 18.4 18.0 15.5 14.8 14.7 15.6 15.1 16.5 16.8 17.4 17.1
Taxes 16.4 16.7 16.0 13.7 12.8 12.9 12.9 13.3 14.2 14.7 15.3 15.2
Total expenditure 15.3 16.0 19.9 22.0 23.9 16.9 17.3 22.8 16.5 17.2 17.3 17.3
Overall surplus/deficit 2.6 2.1 -2.2 -7.0 -9.6 -2.8 -2.6 -7.6 0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.2

Total 645.3 739.8 937.5 1034.5 1144.9 857.9 905.2 1311.4 1041.5 1196.8 1311.3 1450.3
General public services 75.2 89.4 103.2 105.8 130.9 161.1 148.6 484.5 222.9 279.8 322.3 433.3
Defensen 133.4 142.2 155.2 140.6 130.9 127.8 134.0 137.2 138.6 148.9 158.9 172.1
Education 144.9 159.0 194.8 196.4 200.5 198.4 199.8 226.5 235.3 263.0 265.8 276.5
Health 48.4 55.3 70.4 70.1 66.9 65.0 66.0 88.4 97.1 102.1 97.3 108.4
Social security and welfare 22.4 26.8 31.5 32.9 35.7 48.0 114.1 81.3 109.2 132.5 102.5 110.8
Housing and community amenities 31.0 40.7 51.7 40.6 47.6 39.6 50.1 54.3 22.2 9.5 27.1 35.4
THAILAND
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Economic services 182.4 218.6 317.9 434.6 522.2 209.4 185.7 230.3 207.5 242.7 323.2 261.9
Agricultureo 66.7 70.2 73.8 59.6 67.1 72.2 68.6 84.1 71.5 69.1 68.5 61.7
Industryp 3.3 3.7 4.4 4.3 8.3 6.7 7.1 7.5 7.5 6.4 7.7 8.7
Electricity, gas, and waterq 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.9 2.3 6.3
Transport and communications 89.2 109.7 143.0 135.8 105.1 99.3 83.7 75.9 54.9 65.7 71.3 57.6
Other economic servicesr 21.5 33.5 94.7 232.4 340.0 29.6 24.6 61.1 72.2 99.6 173.4 127.7
Otherss
7.6 7.7 12.7 13.5 10.1 8.5 6.9 8.9 8.7 18.3 14.1 52.0
EXTERNAL TRADE billion Baht; calendar year

Exports, cif | fob 1406.3 1412.1 1806.7 2248.3 2215.2 2773.8 2884.7 2923.9 3325.6 3873.7 4438.7 4937.4
Imports, cif | fob 1763.6 1832.8 1924.3 1774.1 1907.4 2494.1 2752.3 2774.8 3138.8 3801.1 4754.0 4942.9
Trade balance -357.3 -420.7 -117.6 474.3 307.8 279.7 132.4 149.1 186.9 72.6 -315.3 -5.6

Exports ... 0.4 27.9 24.4 -1.5 25.2 4.0 1.4 13.7 16.5 14.6 11.2
Imports ... 3.9 5.0 -7.8 7.5 30.8 10.4 0.8 13.1 21.1 25.1 4.0
Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 60201 57214 59303 56294 58493 68964 65115 68852 80324 96219 110164 130563
1. China, People's Rep. of 1642 1868 1744 1769 1861 2806 2863 3553 5707 7098 9105 11810
2. Japan 9477 9373 8733 7475 8259 10164 9964 10001 11395 13452 14979 16492
3. United States 10078 10026 11154 12175 12667 14706 13246 13522 13669 15492 16950 19626
4. Hong Kong, China 2921 3240 3407 2785 2979 3474 3298 3699 4331 4924 6123 7214
5. Malaysia 1554 2014 2483 1780 2124 2813 2722 2835 3887 5295 5781 6656
6. Singapore 7917 6749 6406 4698 5073 5997 5287 5554 5873 7009 7641 8411
7. Australia 777 840 931 980 1315 1615 1358 1640 2167 2460 3151 4379
8. Indonesia 811 846 1377 986 970 1338 1366 1678 2274 3207 3953 3336
9. Viet Nam 468 478 540 593 572 838 797 947 1267 1873 2348 3094
10. India 290 242 294 284 374 566 482 413 641 910 1520 1822
Imports, total 80478 76542 64127 44297 50350 61924 62057 64721 75824 94407 118186 130630
1. Japan 21625 20449 16165 10175 12256 15315 13881 14902 18267 22379 26026 26034
2. China, People's Rep. of 2096 1953 2260 1822 2495 3377 3711 4928 6067 8182 11153 13801
3. United States 8507 9240 8670 6053 6443 7291 7198 6197 7185 7270 8724 9782
4. United Arab Emirates 678 779 846 723 872 1766 1529 1428 2039 3711 5699 7219
5. Malaysia 3235 3606 3019 2198 2512 3344 3078 3640 4540 5549 8092 8599
6. Korea, Rep. of 2474 2684 2251 1496 1770 2165 2121 2527 2919 3590 3888 5198
7. Singapore 4162 4004 3147 2383 2980 3416 2854 2904 3270 4153 5375 5760
8. Saudi Arabia 573 619 856 541 666 1159 1349 1225 1716 2324 4044 4261
9. Indonesia 672 939 884 897 1107 1299 1364 1559 1771 2323 3130 3484
10. Australia 1320 1401 1286 896 977 1160 1380 1506 1585 2210 3255 3453
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS million US Dollars; calendar year

THAILAND
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Current account -6196 -7269 3025 18355 17219 15570 11172 11020 12219 12056 -7642 2315
Balance on goods -7614 -9067 1511 16299 14025 11708 8552 9074 11194 10749 3402 13670
Exports 55731 54667 56725 52878 56801 67889 63070 66092 78105 94941 109362 127941
Imports -63345 -63734 -55214 -36579 -42776 -56181 -54518 -57018 -66911 -84192 -105960 -114272
Services and income 931 1037 1039 1641 2841 3277 2021 1343 84 -827 -15244 -16047
Credit 18664 20995 19528 16547 17749 18103 16943 18810 18953 22297 22378 27946
Debit -17733 -19958 -18489 -14906 -14908 -14826 -14922 -17467 -18869 -23124 -37622 -43993
Current transfers 487 761 475 415 353 585 599 603 941 2134 4200 4693
Credit 1191 1653 1393 822 805 951 987 980 1326 2483 4778 5321
Debit -704 -892 -918 -407 -452 -366 -388 -377 -385 -349 -578 -628
Capital account ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Financial account 21949 19504 -4343 -9742 -7908 -10261 -3474 -1845 -4759 3628 6974 8106
Direct investment 1183 1406 3298 7360 5742 3371 4631 3164 4614 5786 7545 8487
Portfolio investment 4116 3701 4558 331 -106 -712 -881 -1606 -73 3071 5510 4232
Other investmentt 16650 14397 -12199 -17433 -13544 -12920 -7224 -3403 -9300 -5229 -6081 -4613
Net errors and omissions -1479 -2985 -3196 -2815 26 -684 -323 1394 118 -660 6090 2320
Overall balance 7236 2169 -10649 1734 4584 -1617 1317 4234 143 5735 5422 12742
Reserves and related items -7236 -2169 10649 -1734 -4584 1617 -1317 -4234 -143 -5735 -5422 -12742

Exports 33.0 29.9 37.8 46.6 44.9 53.8 52.5 49.3 51.4 55.0 58.0 57.9
Imports -37.5 -34.9 -36.8 -32.2 -33.8 -44.5 -45.4 -42.5 -44.0 -48.8 -56.2 -51.7
Balance on goods -4.5 -5.0 1.0 14.4 11.1 9.3 7.1 6.8 7.4 6.2 1.8 6.2
Current account balance -3.7 -4.0 2.0 16.2 13.6 12.3 9.3 8.2 8.0 7.0 -4.1 1.0
Overall balance 4.3 1.2 -7.1 1.5 3.6 -1.3 1.1 3.2 0.1 3.3 2.9 5.8
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US Dollars; as of end of period

Total 36945 38645 26893 29536 34781 32661 33041 38915 42148 49831 52065 66985
Gold, national valuation 963 914 713 711 718 645 686 869 1071 1167 1374 1693
Foreign exchange 35463 37192 25697 28434 33805 31933 32350 38042 40965 48498 50502 65147
Reserve position in the Fund 474 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 111 165 188 143
SDRs 45 60 482 391 258 83 5 4 0 1 1 1
EXCHANGE RATES Baht per US Dollar

End of period 25.19 25.61 47.25 36.69 37.47 43.27 44.22 43.15 39.59 39.06 41.03 36.05
Average of period 24.92 25.34 31.36 41.36 37.81 40.11 44.43 42.96 41.48 40.22 40.22 37.88
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US Dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 100039 112838 109699 104917 96886 79830 67297 59496 51134 49565 46483 46028
Long-term debt 55944 65122 69434 72019 69920 61778 52287 47071 40053 37946 30348 28089
Public and publicly guaranteed 16826 16887 22292 28088 31306 29463 26218 22534 17846 16738 14673 12551
Private nonguaranteed 39117 48235 47142 43931 38615 32316 26069 24537 22207 21208 15675 15538
Short-term debt 44095 47715 37836 29660 23418 14880 13223 11919 10956 11488 16014 17812
Use of IMF credit – – 2429 3238 3547 3172 1787 506 126 131 121 127
THAILAND
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
External debt percent of GNI 60.5 63.4 74.6 97.2 81.2 66.1 59.8 48.6 37.4 32.2 27.7 23.2
Total long-term debt percent of total debt 55.9 57.7 63.3 68.6 72.2 77.4 77.7 79.1 78.3 76.6 65.3 61.0
Short-term debt percent of total debt 44.1 42.3 34.5 28.3 24.2 18.6 19.6 20.0 21.4 23.2 34.5 38.7
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services 11.6 12.6 15.5 18.4 21.8 16.3 25.4 23.2 15.7 11.0 13.8 9.5
Debt service million US Dollars; transactions during the year

Principal repayments on long-term debt 4398 4306 6177 7811 9438 8945 15720 15811 12739 11276 16553 12834
Interest on long-term debt 2646 3111 3468 3750 5649 3776 2617 2094 1734 1293 1121 1158
Interest on short-term debt 1543 2107 2150 1066 1014 905 562 419 382 384 503 761

Interest percent per annum 5.7 4.7 6.0 5.0 3.5 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.8 2.8 3.4 5.4
Maturity years 14.8 17.0 12.4 12.8 18.5 29.0 7.3 24.9 10.3 5.0 12.9 5.9
Grace period years 5.2 5.9 5.9 3.5 5.1 6.8 2.3 4.6 3.8 5.0 8.4 2.3
Grant element percent 25.6 33.6 22.1 24.9 39.9 59.8 28.9 45.3 28.5 22.3 33.2 14.4
… = Data not available at cutoff date, 0 or 0.0 = Magnitude is less than half of unit employed, – = Magnitude equals zero, | = Marks break in series.
a Starting 2000, data are not comparable with those of earlier years because of change in methodology.
b Labor force refers to the population aged 15 years and over, and includes seasonally inactive labor force. Prior to 1998, data are averages of the first and third rounds. From 1998 on, data refer to the
average of four survey rounds.
c In 2012, Thailand changed its concepts, methods, and practices for compiling its national accounts to comply with relevant international standards. The national accounts compiled on the revised basis
are only available for 1990–2011. In the absence of the 2012 estimates, selected key national accounts aggregates derived by ADB using growth rates from Thai National Accounts complied based on
the old series. Users should be cautious when using the ADB-derived estimates for 2012. The growth rate for 2012 is preliminary and is based on the old national accounts series.
d Derived from balance-of-payments data.

e Starting July 2010, premium gasoline was no longer available in Thailand. Gasohol 95 has been available since 2005.
f Refers to narrow money from 2003 on.
g Refers to broad money from 2003 on.
h Includes net claims on government, local government, and public nonfinancial corporations from 2003 on.
i Refers to claims on nonfinancial public enterprises and claims on business and household sectors until 2002. From 2003 on, includes other nonfinancial corporations and other resident sectors .
j Refers to loans and overdrafts.
k Actual ranges of rates (in %) are: For 1995, 10.25%–11.00%; 1996, 8.50%–9.25%; 1997, 10.00%–11.50%; and 2001, 2.25%–2.50%.
l Actual ranges of rates (in %) are: For 1995, 10.25%–11.00%; 1996, 8.50%–9.25%; 1997, 10.00%–13.00%; 1999, 4.00%–4.25%; and 2001, 2.75%–3.00%.
m Derived using the new national accounts series of National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB).
n Includes public order and safety.
o Refers to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.
p Refers to mining, manufacturing, and construction.
q Refers to fuel and energy.
r Computed as residual.
s Includes environmental protection and recreation, culture, and religion.
THAILAND
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
t Includes "Use of fund credits and loans." The series has been adjusted to incorporate data from the external debt survey for 1995–2000. From 2001, the series includes data from the International
Investment Position Statistics.
Sources:
Population For 1995–1999: National Statistical Office (NSO). Official communication, 26 April 2004.
For 2000–2012: National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB). Official communication, 11 April 2013; past communication; official
website: http://www.nesdb.go.th
Labor Force NSO. Official communication, 11 April 2013; past communication; official website: http://www.nso.go.th
National Accounts NESDB. Official communication, 11 April 2013; past communication; official website: http://www.nesdb.go.th
Production Indexes
Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT: http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor (downloaded April 2013).
Mining Bank of Thailand (BOT). Official communication, 26 April 2013; past communication.
Manufacturing
Energy BOT. Official communication, 26 April 2013; past communication.
Coal BOT. Official communication, 26 April 2013; past communication.
Price Indexes BOT. Official communication, 26 April 2013; past communication.
Money and Banking BOT. Official communication, 26 April 2013; past communication.
Government Finance Ministry of Finance (MOF). Official communication, 23 April 2013; past communication.
External Trade BOT. Official communication, 26 April 2013; past communication.
Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund. (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics CD-ROM, May 2013.
Balance of Payments BOT. Official communication, 26 April 2013; past communication.
International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2013.

Exchange Rates
External Indebtedness World Bank. World Development Indicators and International Debt Statistics:
databank.worldbank.org/Data/Views/VariableSelection/SelectVariables.aspx?source=International%20Debt%20Statistics# (downloaded May
2013).
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
63.32 63.48 63.63 63.79 64.08 64.36

123 124 124 124 125 125
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4
33.3 33.8 34.3 43.4 44.3 45.1
36942 37700 38427 38644 38900 39416

36249 37017 37706 38037 38457 38950
14306 14699 14693 14547 14619 15142
5619 5453 5374 5350 5480 5733
63 58 51 41 50 73
16261 16806 17589 18100 18308 18003
509 522 572 402 254 261
1.4 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.7
1.4 2.1 1.9 0.6 0.7 1.3
72.4 72.6 72.8 72.3 72.0 72.3
81.1 81.2 81.2 80.7 80.3 80.7
64.2 64.5 64.5 64.3 64.3 64.3
9038 9660 9591 10710 11121 12002

849 978 941 1129 1272 …
279 315 306 340 367 …
2791 2981 2859 3358 3298 …
250 265 283 299 305 …
263 267 271 303 282 …
1311 1388 1431 1569 1630 …
691 702 701 735 744 …
1136 1191 1187 1265 1383 …
530 577 615 652 703 …
938 995 998 1060 1138 …
-306 -313 -331 -476 -344 …
8732 9346 9259 10234 10776 11580
9.4 10.1 9.8 10.5 11.4 …

39.6 39.6 38.8 40.1 38.2 …
51.0 50.2 51.4 49.3 50.3 …
9038 9660 9591 10710 11121 12002

4761 5200 5118 5590 5923 …
1260 1388 1520 1679 1781 …
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2310 2567 2232 2593 2897 …
4 173 -239 149 55 …
6250 6932 6190 7146 7943 …
5535 6700 5286 6547 7750 …
-12 100 56 100 271 …
52.7 53.8 53.4 52.2 53.3 …

13.9 14.4 15.9 15.7 16.0 …
25.6 28.4 20.8 25.6 26.5 …
69.2 71.8 64.5 66.7 71.4 …
61.2 69.4 55.1 61.1 69.7 …
-0.1 1.0 0.6 0.9 2.4 …
7565 7691 7622 8181 8209 8741

588 605 597 593 627 …
189 198 198 209 201 …
2315 2370 2290 2550 2427 …
228 240 249 265 269 …
215 203 210 228 203 …
1176 1176 1146 1249 1244 …
680 690 681 728 745 …
977 980 996 1053 1109 …
408 422 444 465 496 …
802 815 815 860 904 …
… … … … … …
… … … … … …
5.4 1.7 -0.9 7.3 0.3 6.5

1.9 2.9 -1.3 -0.8 5.8 …
6.6 2.2 -2.1 10.3 -4.8 …
5.2 1.0 0.1 6.6 3.3 …
7565 7593 7524 8073 8086 8741

4004 4119 4065 4271 4336 …
991 1040 1135 1235 1284 …
1969 2015 1796 2004 2094 …
3 139 -183 110 39 …
5690 6047 5288 6036 6590 …
5219 5816 4597 5650 6351 …
114 99 98 107 123 …
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.2 2.9 -1.3 5.1 1.5 …

8.5 4.9 9.1 8.8 3.9 …
1.3 9.2 0.7 1.3 1.0 …
8.9 6.3 -12.5 14.1 9.2 …
4.2 11.4 -21.0 22.9 12.4 …
2314 2740 1993 2743 2952 …

2917 2882 2749 3056 3131 …
3029 2972 2897 3341 3145 …
-306 -313 -331 -476 -344 …
193 222 183 192 330 …
33.5 30.8 30.2 31.2 28.3 …

32.3 29.8 28.7 28.5 28.2 …
25.6 28.4 20.8 25.6 26.5 …
142724 152171 150716 167893 173535 186477.4464

137899 147238 145510 160426 168160 179931.6513
111.5 111.2 113.7 114.1 121.9 …

244.2 253.8 254.4 270.5 268.7 …
172.2 178.9 166.1 190.0 172.4 …
5774 6212 6624 6577 5997 …

2249 2204 2045 1231 1537 2524
43709 44579 45479 44743 43039 48944
47234 48588 50057 43512 47500 …
… … … … … …
492 354 204 755 873 299
15408 17434 17585 18153 17190 32537
14916 17080 17381 17397 16316 …
142538 145468 142626 151803 148158 162767

750 773 1063 1041 1020 1142
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
4488 2784 2460 7252 10676 10527
138579 140551 140301 154751 153357 167698
29.2 35.6 38.3| 32.2 36.4 38.0

25.7 31.2 24.8 28.6 29.4 30.4
89.2 94.1 93.3 96.3 100.0 103.0

75.4 84.1 87.9 92.6 100.0 104.9
99.9 101.6 96.7 98.7 100.0 101.9
90.8 94.9 93.9 96.5 100.0 103.2
77.6 85.5 88.5 92.4 100.0 105.5
100.4 101.7 97.1 98.9 100.0 101.7
110.5 124.2 119.5 130.7 137.9 139.3
119.5 125.6 125.8 130.9 135.5 137.3
2.3 5.5 -0.9 3.3 3.8 3.0

4.0 11.6 4.4 5.4 8.0 4.9
3.3 12.4 -3.8 9.4 5.5 1.0
2.5 5.1 0.2 4.0 3.5 1.3
999.9 1041.2 1174.6 1302.4 1414.3 1598.3

720.1 752.3 844.0 937.2 1036.0 1136.3
279.8 288.9 330.6 365.2 378.3 462.0
8109.6 8903.1 9442.5 10476.4 12145.6 13368.5
9109.5 9944.3 10617.0 11778.8 13559.9 14966.8
3594.3 4132.0 4569.9 4883.9 5426.3 4942.4
8883.8 9565.9 10014.2 11015.2 12778.5 14719.1
483.7 533.4 663.6 545.7 611.5 728.3
7826.2 8513.0 8725.8 9801.1 11468.5 13144.8
573.9 519.4 624.8 668.4 698.5 845.9
-3368.6 -3753.6 -3967.0 -4120.2 -4645.0 -4694.7
6.3 9.2 6.8 10.9 15.1 10.4

100.8 103.0 110.7 109.0 121.9 124.8
357.5 350.3 419.2 460.7 464.7 581.8

2656.6 2773.0 3329.6 3805.9 4056.2 4840.3
3514.4 3957.7 3324.1 3202.1 3416.0 4737.6
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
4883.0 5824.2 6228.3 7114.8 7704.0 9130.5
0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7

2.1 1.8 0.7 1.4 2.5 2.1
2.3 1.9 0.8 1.6 2.9 2.4
1488.6 1653.4 1502.0 1804.0 2019.5 2120.6

1486.9 1651.7 1500.7 1802.7 2018.2 2119.0
1486.9 1651.7 1500.7 1802.7 2018.2 2119.0
1321.3 1460.5 1321.3 1567.9 1799.7 1832.5
165.6 191.2 179.4 234.8 218.5 286.5
... … … … … …
1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6
1603.1 1709.0 1877.6 2060.6 2198.7 2401.9
1603.1 1709.0 1877.6 2060.6 2198.7 2401.9
1462.2 1584.2 1698.5 1826.2 1996.9 2200.8
140.9 124.8 179.1 234.4 201.8 201.1
... … … … … …
24.7 67.5 -197.8 -23.5 21.3 -81.9
-140.9 -124.8 -179.1 -234.4 -201.8 -201.1
-114.5 -55.6 -375.5 -256.6 -179.2 -281.3
198.5 96.5 379.5 265.5 188.9 299.6

-84.0 -40.9 -4.0 -8.8 -9.7 -18.3
16.5 17.1 15.6 16.8 18.1 17.7

14.6 15.1 13.8 14.6 16.2 15.3
17.7 17.7 19.6 19.2 19.8 20.0
-1.3 -0.6 -3.9 -2.4 -1.6 -2.3
1603.1 1709.0 1877.6 2060.6 2262.1 2471.8

452.9 453.4 417.2 549.8 568.5 650.5
179.0 224.3 268.4 288.5 326.2 300.3
332.0 364.5 397.2 423.4 480.4 460.1
137.4 169.6 183.7 199.8 236.7 236.0
125.2 123.6 167.4 151.5 202.5 209.2
10.1 31.2 50.0 42.7 48.6 164.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
347.8 318.8 369.3 380.1 375.8 425.1
92.5 85.8 93.8 115.3 43.3 112.5
1.1 6.9 9.0 7.6 29.1 51.8
2.3 2.4 9.7 2.8 6.3 13.7
54.0 64.3 81.1 105.0 34.9 42.7
197.8 159.5 175.7 149.4 262.2 204.4
18.7 23.6 24.5 24.8 23.3 26.5
5302.1 5851.4 5194.6 6113.3 6708.0 7091.3

4870.2 5962.5 4602.0 5856.6 6982.7 7738.5
431.9 -111.1 592.6 256.7 -274.7 -647.2
7.4 10.4 -11.2 17.7 9.7 5.7

-1.5 22.4 -22.8 27.3 19.2 10.8
153859 175899 151912 193368 220223 228167

14844 16029 16072 21479 25969 26732
18122 19879 15669 20317 23613 23334
19449 20096 16630 20243 21585 22678
8695 9950 9449 11257 11827 13041
7820 9781 7640 10569 12266 12352
9610 9999 7552 9003 11301 10763
5938 7896 8544 9372 7917 9710
4819 6259 4654 7347 9971 11142
3803 4968 4666 5846 6986 6645
2663 3308 3215 4395 5128 5444
141304 179185 134763 185144 229167 249099

28655 33535 25211 38320 42268 49876
16381 20149 17162 24526 30553 37163
9641 11501 8502 10885 13501 13104
6898 11160 6720 8886 14499 15735
8702 9726 8642 10857 12352 13190
5338 6857 5461 8167 9234 9033
6342 7104 5761 6368 7803 7881
4618 7261 4021 5892 7403 8299
4025 5420 3832 5759 7403 8138
3838 5154 3853 5985 7951 5474
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
15682 2157 21896 10024 5889 2728
26640 17348 32620 29751 16989 8337
151258 175233 150819 191647 219118 226156
-124618 -157885 -118199 -161897 -202130 -217819
-16553 -21864 -16072 -25774 -21923 -17897
35811 39339 35236 39423 48761 56738
-52364 -61204 -51308 -65197 -70684 -74635
5594 6674 5348 6047 10823 12288
6279 7502 7142 7942 12967 14696
-685 -828 -1794 -1894 -2144 -2408
... … 68 245 -41 234
-1649 12633 -2601 24809 -5192 11541
8314 4449 701 4495 -443 -3305
-6723 -2080 -5530 9828 3584 4415
-3240 10265 2229 10486 -8333 10431
3070 9902 4764 -3753 558 -9238
17102 24693 24127 31324 1214 5265
-17102 -24693 -24127 -31324 -1214 -5265
57.8 60.4 53.9 56.7 60.1 58.6

-47.6 -54.5 -42.3 -47.9 -55.4 -56.5
10.2 6.0 11.7 8.8 4.7 2.2
6.0 0.7 7.8 3.0 1.6 0.7
6.5 8.5 8.6 9.3 0.3 1.4
87455 111008 138418 172129 175124 181610

2234 2347 2935 4599 7735 8282
85110 108317 133599 165656 165200 171106
111 213 361 377 695 725
0 131 1523 1497 1494 1497
33.72 34.90 33.32 30.15 31.69 30.63

34.52 33.31 34.29 31.69 30.49 31.08
45440 50258 61209 80551 80039 …

27011 29672 30003 32170 33562 …
10863 10612 10314 10737 10285 …
16148 19061 19689 21434 23277 …
18295 20455 29685 46886 44988 …
134 130 1521 1494 1490 …
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
19.1 19.1 24.2 26.4 24.0 …

59.4 59.0 49.0 39.9 41.9 …
40.3 40.7 48.5 58.2 56.2 …
11.9 7.8 6.5 4.7 3.8 …
20475 15014 10688 9407 8878 6111

959 1154 1072 1053 1113 1318
789 470 321 499 486 …
3.9 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.7 …

13.0 12.6 22.9 16.6 14.3 …
7.9 6.1 6.1 5.9 2.8 …
37.8 46.9 61.4 52.8 49.8 …
THAILAND
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 55.84 56.57 57.29 58.01 58.71 59.40 60.00 60.60 61.20 61.81 62.24 62.67 63.14 63.66 64.20 64.76 65.23 65.75 66.51*
Population density persons per square kilometer 109 110 112 113 114 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
Population annual change, percent 1.13 1.32 1.27 1.25 1.21 1.17 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.70 0.69 0.76 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.73 0.80 1.15
Urban population percent of total population 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 32.2 32.5 32.9 33.3 33.8
LABOR FORCE a thousand; calendar year 30820 30419 31491 31716 31433 31878 32123 32575 32410 32719 33224 33813 34262 34902 35718 36120 36429 36942 37700
Employed 29956 29220 30794 30200 30164 30815 30976 31522 30105 30663 31293 32104 33061 33841 34729 35245 35686 36249 37017
Agriculture 18972 16384 17305 15879 15180 14389 13986 14145 13407 13804 13830 13612 14042 13880 13634 13617 14171 14306 14699
Manufacturing 2920 3658 3933 3886 4191 4608 4329 4303 4264 4274 4650 4927 5052 5299 5476 5588 5504 5619 5453
Mining 54 54 66 57 58 55 53 52 45 64 45 50 45 47 50 57 58 63 58
Others 8010 9124 9490 10378 10735 11763 12608 13022 12389 12522 12768 13516 13922 14615 15568 15996 15953 16261 16806
Unemployed 682 939 889 825 821 538 492 488 1413 1370 1194 1124 823 754 739 663 552 508 522
Unemployment rate percent 2.2 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4
Labor force annual change, percent 4.7 -1.3 3.5 0.7 -0.9 1.4 0.8 1.4 -0.5 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.9 2.3 1.1 0.9 1.4 2.1
Labor force participation rate percent 81.9 79.4 79.7 78.3 75.8 74.5 73.9 73.5 72.1 71.6 71.5 71.9 71.9 72.2 72.4 72.5 72.2 72.4 72.6
Male 84.5 83.6 83.7 82.2 80.3 79.2 78.7 78.4 77.7 77.2 77.1 80.6 80.6 80.8 81.2 81.1 80.9 81.1 81.2
Female 74.0 69.4 69.5 67.9 64.7 63.7 62.7 62.5 61.2 60.8 60.9 63.3 63.3 63.9 63.8 64.3 64.0 64.2 64.5
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS b billion Baht; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 2183.5 2506.6 2830.9 3165.2 3629.3 4186.2 4611.0 4732.6 4626.4 4637.1 4922.7 5133.5 5450.6 5917.4 6489.5 7092.9 7841.3 8493.3 9102.8
Agriculture 272.9 317.1 348.1 274.1 329.8 397.9 438.1 447.2 498.6 435.5 444.2 468.9 514.3 615.9 668.8 728.1 835.8 913.9 1053.9
Mining 34.8 39.4 42.3 44.3 48.7 50.3 63.4 82.4 84.3 87.4 116.7 126.2 135.9 154.6 175.4 222.6 256.8 276.7 316.1
Manufacturing 594.0 707.9 779.0 938.4 1072.4 1251.5 1370.4 1427.7 1428.3 1514.0 1653.7 1715.9 1836.1 2061.6 2235.6 2461.3 2750.4 3023.5 3272.6
Electricity, gas, and water 47.7 53.5 65.5 77.3 84.8 101.2 106.8 119.0 142.3 130.4 146.1 166.7 175.6 191.0 210.9 220.4 238.9 248.1 261.3
Construction 136.2 168.3 190.5 220.8 267.8 302.6 341.5 271.8 178.7 166.3 150.6 154.5 165.7 174.7 194.5 214.0 231.9 246.6 256.9
Trade c 386.3 427.0 477.0 562.2 636.2 709.5 762.9 812.2 785.9 801.3 847.6 856.1 866.3 888.0 970.8 1042.0 1122.7 1192.7 1231.1
Transport and communications 156.6 177.2 205.2 237.8 269.7 303.0 341.1 369.9 360.9 376.1 395.9 427.0 449.3 457.2 492.5 519.6 569.9 622.1 633.9
Finance d 120.6 133.8 182.2 333.3 391.7 439.5 483.3 466.2 388.8 313.6 307.6 315.2 341.8 380.1 422.0 463.4 495.0 526.9 568.0
Public administration 76.6 86.9 105.4 117.7 127.5 157.6 171.3 181.1 195.3 204.2 211.0 222.2 244.8 262.3 295.9 326.1 349.9 373.2 388.6
Others e 357.8 395.6 435.6 359.6 400.7 473.1 532.1 555.2 563.3 608.3 649.3 680.7 721.0 732.1 823.2 895.3 990.2 1069.7 1120.2
Net factor income from abroad -27.4 -36.9 -63.0 -45.9 -55.8 -68.2 -102.1 -123.4 -160.0 -126.4 -76.9 -85.1 -88.6 -242.9 -291.0 -344.0 -316.8 -325.8 -419.1
GNI at current market prices 2156.1 2469.7 2768.0 3119.3 3573.6 4118.0 4509.0 4609.2 4466.4 4510.6 4845.9 5048.4 5362.0 5674.4 6198.4 6748.9 7524.5 8167.5 8683.7

Agriculture 12.5 12.6 12.3 8.7 9.1 9.5 9.5 9.4 10.8 9.4 9.0 9.1 9.4 10.4 10.3 10.3 10.7 10.8 11.6
Industry 37.2 38.7 38.1 40.5 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.2 39.6 40.9 42.0 42.1 42.4 43.6 43.4 44.0 44.4 44.7 45.1
Services 50.3 48.7 49.6 50.9 50.3 49.7 49.7 50.4 49.6 49.7 49.0 48.7 48.1 46.0 46.3 45.8 45.0 44.6 43.3
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 2183.5 2506.6 2830.9 3165.2 3629.3 4186.2 4611.0 4732.6 4626.4 4637.1 4922.7 5133.5 5450.6 5917.4 6489.5 7092.9 7841.3 8493.3 9102.8
Private consumption 1235.0 1378.1 1550.5 1730.5 1958.7 2225.7 2479.8 2587.0 2505.3 2595.1 2762.9 2941.0 3120.0 3385.6 3711.3 4060.4 4376.6 4561.5 4992.5
Government consumption 205.4 231.1 280.2 316.0 354.4 414.4 469.5 476.7 511.7 533.0 557.8 581.1 603.9 636.0 720.6 843.6 927.6 1037.6 1083.8
Gross fixed capital formation 881.8 1043.6 1111.3 1252.9 1450.2 1719.1 1892.9 1598.6 1035.4 965.9 1081.4 1181.3 1243.2 1424.2 1681.8 2049.8 2197.2 2247.2 2486.6
Increase in stocks 21.2 30.3 20.1 13.5 10.7 43.0 35.2 -5.5 -89.5 -15.3 42.7 55.8 54.1 53.3 56.8 180.3 31.2 10.8 131.4
Exports of goods and services 745.3 901.5 1046.7 1201.5 1410.8 1751.7 1809.9 2272.1 2724.0 2703.3 3287.3 3380.8 3499.0 3886.6 4587.9 5218.1 5777.6 6218.2 6956.3
Less: Imports of goods and services 909.5 1065.5 1160.2 1335.7 1586.6 2033.9 2099.2 2205.1 1988.9 2120.3 2862.3 3047.6 3134.3 3485.3 4272.7 5297.5 5503.8 5544.5 6705.5
Statistical discrepancy 4.4 -12.4 -17.6 -13.5 31.1 66.1 22.9 8.8 -71.6 -24.6 52.9 41.1 64.7 17.0 3.9 38.1 35.0 -37.4 157.6

Gross domestic capital formation 41.4 42.8 40.0 40.0 40.3 42.1 41.8 33.7 20.4 20.5 22.8 24.1 23.8 25.0 26.8 31.4 28.4 26.6 28.8
Imports of goods and services 41.7 42.5 41.0 42.2 43.7 48.6 45.5 46.6 43.0 45.7 58.1 59.4 57.5 58.9 65.8 74.7 70.2 65.3 73.7
Statistical discrepancy 0.2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.4 0.9 1.6 0.5 0.2 -1.5 -0.5 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.4 -0.4 1.7
At Constant Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 1988 market prices 1945.4 2111.9 2282.6 2470.9 2693.0 2941.7 3115.3 3072.6 2749.7 2872.0 3008.4 3073.6 3237.0 3468.2 3688.2 3858.0 4059.6 4259.6 4369.5
Agriculture 263.6 282.7 296.3 255.1 265.9 276.6 288.8 286.8 282.6 289.2 309.9 320.0 322.2 363.0 354.4 347.9 364.0 370.5 389.4
Mining 31.1 36.1 38.0 40.8 43.8 44.7 52.9 60.0 56.2 60.9 64.2 64.6 71.7 76.6 80.8 88.1 91.5 95.0 97.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Manufacturing 540.9 604.3 672.6 781.9 856.5 958.4 1021.4 1036.2 923.6 1033.4 1096.2 1111.5 1190.8 1318.3 1426.3 1499.9 1589.2 1687.4 1753.2
Electricity, gas, and water 46.8 51.8 57.1 62.4 69.3 79.1 82.0 86.7 86.1 88.8 97.6 103.9 110.1 115.2 122.5 129.0 135.1 142.0 148.0
Construction 116.6 132.5 138.7 150.7 172.0 183.6 196.5 146.1 90.2 84.1 76.3 76.5 80.6 82.8 88.8 93.8 97.9 99.4 94.7
Trade c 338.1 362.6 378.7 430.3 471.1 516.6 526.6 510.6 443.1 458.3 474.8 469.6 479.7 493.7 517.3 541.9 565.9 592.1 603.5
Finance d 108.1 113.5 148.4 268.4 301.3 320.2 334.7 312.5 251.3 208.2 204.3 208.2 224.1 246.4 269.3 287.6 300.2 314.6 327.1
Public administration 61.4 65.3 66.2 68.1 70.1 77.4 82.0 85.1 91.7 94.1 95.3 98.8 105.3 108.4 111.8 116.3 115.3 118.7 117.2
Others e 292.0 305.4 313.8 221.7 229.5 246.0 263.2 268.7 270.3 284.9 299.4 310.4 321.3 323.0 350.6 369.7 392.7 408.0 409.0
GNI at 1988 market prices 1921.7 2082.2 2232.7 2436.7 2654.7 2900.8 3057.1 3008.3 2677.5 2815.5 2988.0 3048.3 3205.7 3278.2 3460.2 3614.2 3858.0 4048.1 4114.8
Growth of Output annual change, percent

GDP 11.2 8.6 8.1 8.3 9.0 9.2 5.9 -1.4 -10.5 4.4 4.8 2.2 5.3 7.1 6.3 4.6 5.2 4.9 2.6
Agriculture -4.7 7.3 4.8 -13.9 4.2 4.0 4.4 -0.7 -1.5 2.3 7.2 3.2 0.7 12.7 -2.4 -1.8 4.6 1.8 5.1
Industry 16.1 12.1 9.9 14.3 10.2 10.9 6.9 -1.8 -13.0 9.6 5.3 1.7 7.1 9.6 7.9 5.4 5.7 5.7 3.4
Services 12.7 6.1 7.5 9.3 8.9 8.9 5.3 -1.1 -10.0 0.4 3.7 2.4 4.6 3.5 6.8 5.2 4.9 4.7 1.2
Expenditure on GDP at 1988 market prices 1945.4 2111.9 2282.6 2470.9 2693.0 2941.7 3115.3 3072.6 2749.7 2872.0 3008.4 3073.6 3237.0 3468.2 3688.2 3858.0 4059.6 4259.6 4369.5
Gross fixed capital formation 759.9 856.2 913.1 997.7 1111.1 1236.1 1323.0 1051.3 585.3 566.4 597.4 604.2 643.8 721.4 816.4 902.4 937.4 949.3 960.1
Increase in stocks 20.7 28.4 17.8 13.8 8.3 42.9 22.5 -0.8 -69.3 -6.7 25.6 35.8 34.4 48.4 51.7 76.6 13.4 5.0 58.6
Less: Imports of goods and services 807.0 911.4 993.1 1124.5 1286.7 1543.6 1534.3 1360.9 1066.3 1178.2 1497.7 1415.4 1609.3 1744.5 1977.9 2156.0 2227.6 2303.4 2475.3
Statistical discrepancy -20.7 -32.3 -52.4 -51.2 -47.5 -13.9 39.6 54.5 38.3 19.4 35.1 9.2 10.6 14.7 20.1 26.3 22.1 29.6 26.0

Private consumption 12.9 5.4 8.7 8.4 7.7 7.8 5.8 -1.4 -11.5 4.3 5.2 4.1 5.4 6.5 6.2 4.6 3.0 1.6 2.5
Government consumption 6.9 6.2 6.4 5.1 8.2 5.2 12.1 -2.8 3.9 3.1 2.3 2.5 0.7 2.5 5.7 11.3 2.4 9.2 0.4
Gross domestic capital formation 31.2 13.3 5.2 8.7 10.7 14.3 5.2 -21.9 -50.9 8.5 11.3 2.7 6.0 13.5 12.8 12.8 -2.9 0.4 6.7
Exports of goods and services 13.4 15.1 13.8 13.0 14.3 15.4 -5.5 7.2 8.2 9.0 17.5 -4.2 12.0 7.1 9.6 4.2 9.1 7.1 5.5
Imports of goods and services 23.7 12.9 9.0 13.2 14.4 20.0 -0.6 -11.3 -21.6 10.5 27.1 -5.5 13.7 8.4 13.4 9.0 3.3 3.4 7.5
Investment Financing at current prices

Gross national saving 721.2 868.2 953.7 1091.8 1288.8 1490.0 1578.9 1560.5 1466.6 1395.8 1548.6 1552.9 1664.0 1691.9 1852.4 1965.6 2348.0 2704.4 2766.3
Gross domestic saving 743.2 897.4 1000.2 1118.7 1316.2 1546.1 1661.7 1668.9 1609.4 1508.9 1602.0 1611.4 1726.8 1895.8 2057.6 2188.8 2537.1 2894.2 3026.5
Net current transfers from abroad f 5.4 7.6 16.4 19.0 28.4 12.1 19.3 14.9 17.2 13.3 23.5 26.6 25.9 39.0 85.8 120.8 127.6 136.0 158.9

Gross domestic saving 34.0 35.8 35.3 35.3 36.3 36.9 36.0 35.3 34.8 32.5 32.5 31.4 31.7 32.0 31.7 30.9 32.4 34.1 33.2
Gross national saving 33.0 34.6 33.7 34.5 35.5 35.6 34.2 33.0 31.7 30.1 31.5 30.3 30.5 28.6 28.5 27.7 29.9 31.8 30.4
At Current Market Prices Baht

Per capita GDP 39104 44307 49410 54563 61815 70474 76847 78093 75594 75026 79098 81916 86322 92960 101087 109521 120204 129166 136863
Per capita GNI 38613 43655 48311 53772 60865 69326 75146 76057 72979 72981 77863 80558 84919 89144 96553 104209 115348 124212 130562

Agriculture 1999–2001 = 100 76.0 84.0 88.0 86.0 89.0 91.0 93.0 95.0 92.0 95.0 100.0 104.0 105.0 110.0 111.0 110.0 114.0 121.0 …
Mining 1995 = 100 72.5 83.7 87.1 92.7 97.6 100.0 117.9 140.6 143.7 152.1 163.6 166.8 184.5 191.4 206.7 224.4 232.2 244.2 253.6
Manufacturing 2000 = 100 52.1 57.1 65.0 72.8 78.6 83.4 91.2 91.8 83.3 93.5 100.0 102.7 112.0 127.7 142.6 155.6 167.1 180.7 190.2

Crude petroleum thousand metric tons
Production 1196 1222 1317 1005 1078 960 1082 1123 1219 1417 2457 2615 3201 4179 3658 4861 5536 5774 6131
Exports – – – – – – 85 671 695 820 2825 1672 2465 3728 4101 4171 3976 2196 2144
Imports 10860 10996 13792 16096 18609 22840 29210 31190 28090 29856 27946 29795 30808 37869 43695 50806 47730 41753 44338
Consumption 12056 12218 15109 17101 19687 23800 30207 31642 28614 30453 27577 30737 31544 38321 43252 51496 49291 45331 48325

Production – – 16 12 9 4 – – – – – – … … … … … … …
Exports – – – – – – – – – – – – 0 0 1 0 0 0 75
Imports 162 331 342 659 957 1515 3906 3289 1633 3278 4183 4880 5525 7110 7550 8568 11215 14202 15922
Consumption 162 331 355 672 962 1521 3906 3289 1633 3278 4183 4880 5525 7110 7550 8568 11215 14202 15847
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Production 44115 50121 57028 63336 70534 79734 87045 92662 89531 89159 95531 100988 108418 115852 124129 130426 136767 142538 145468
Exports 31 40 41 49 57 77 85 98 138 166 151 195 188 206 253 501 586 750 773
Imports 652 595 480 645 874 698 806 807 1623 2256 2980 2881 2812 2473 3377 4372 5156 4488 2784
Consumption 38342 43398 52118 58302 65752 74318 81064 86462 84591 85261 92467 97887 105182 112142 120299 126521 133572 138593 140740
Retail prices Baht/liter

Gasoline, premium 9.2 10.1 9.3 9.1 8.6 9.1 9.3 10.5 11.9 12.0 15.6 15.5 15.3 16.6 19.1 23.9 27.6 29.2 35.6
Diesel 6.7 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.4 7.6 8.6 9.5 9.2 9.0 12.9 13.4 13.1 14.0 14.6 20.0 25.6 25.7 31.2

Consumer (national) 2002 = 100 | 2007 = 100 62.8 66.4 69.2 71.5 75.1 79.4 84.1 88.8 96.0 96.2 97.8 99.4 100.0 101.8| 89.4 93.4 97.8 100.0 105.4
Food 60.0 64.2 67.1 68.5 73.3 79.2 86.2 92.2 101.0 100.2 99.0 99.7 100.0 103.7| 87.6 91.9 96.1 100.0 111.6
Nonfood 65.3 68.4 71.0 74.0 76.8 80.1 83.0 86.8 93.1 94.0 97.0 99.2 100.0 100.7| 90.6 94.5 98.9 100.0 101.7
Consumer (Bangkok) 2002 = 100 63.2 66.6 69.0 71.6 75.7 80.0 84.7 89.1 96.0 96.4 97.9 99.5 100.0 101.6| 89.8 93.7 97.9 100.0 104.6
Food 60.2 64.0 66.4 68.7 74.1 80.0 87.2 92.4 100.7 100.2 99.4 99.8 100.0 103.6| 88.9 92.9 96.3 100.0 110.1
Nonfood 65.9 69.0 71.4 74.3 77.3 80.5 83.3 87.2 93.4 94.3 97.2 99.4 100.0 100.6| 90.4 94.3 99.0 100.0 101.3
Producer 2000 = 100 … … … … … 84.2 85.7 90.1 101.0 96.3 100.0 102.5 104.2 108.4 115.7 126.3 135.2 139.6 156.9
Implicit GDP deflator 1988 = 100 112.2 118.7 124.0 128.1 134.8 142.3 148.0 154.0 168.3 161.5 163.6 167.0 168.4 170.6 176.0 183.8 193.2 199.4 208.3
Price Indexes annual change, percent

Consumer price index 5.9 5.7 4.2 3.3 5.0 5.7 5.9 5.6 8.1 0.2 1.7 1.6 0.6 1.8 2.8 4.5 4.7 2.2 5.4
Food price index 8.0 7.0 4.5 2.1 7.0 8.0 8.8 7.0 9.5 -0.8 -1.2 0.7 0.3 3.7 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.1 11.6
Producer price index … … … … … … 1.8 5.1 12.1 -4.7 3.8 2.5 1.7 4.0 6.7 9.2 7.0 3.3 12.4
Implicit GDP deflator 5.8 5.7 4.5 3.3 5.2 5.6 4.0 4.1 9.2 -4.0 1.3 2.1 0.8 1.3 3.1 4.5 5.1 3.2 4.5
MONEY AND BANKING billion Baht; as of end of period

Money supply (M1) g 195.4 222.4 249.7 296.2 346.4 388.3 423.7 428.8 441.7 575.0 525.7 579.4 663.5 | 750.2 829.9 890.2 911.5 999.9 1041.2
Currency in circulation 137.5 149.3 180.2 208.6 241.9 284.1 304.3 334.0 318.3 472.4 406.8 440.9 496.0 | 538.9 597.2 630.7 652.9 720.1 752.3
Demand deposits (excluding government deposits) 58.0 73.1 69.6 87.6 104.5 104.2 119.4 94.8 123.4 102.6 118.8 138.5 167.5 | 211.3 232.7 259.5 258.6 279.8 288.9
Quasi-money 1333.7 1610.0 1868.1 2210.9 2482.9 2922.3 3303.0 3910.6 4311.6 4279.7 4507.0 4664.2 4715.4 | 6312.1 6641.6 7036.7 7661.9 8109.6 8907.5
Money supply (M2) h 1529.1 1832.4 2117.8 2507.1 2829.4 3310.6 3726.7 4339.3 4753.4 4854.7 5032.7 5243.7 5378.9 | 7062.3 7471.4 7926.9 8573.4 9109.5 9948.7
Foreign assets (net) 307.1 413.7 449.0 453.9 147.9 3.4 -78.7 -559.1 68.6 672.7 1030.1 1326.4 1688.4 | 1856.5 2104.7 2393.8 2951.7 3598.9 4142.0
Domestic credit 1531.7 1768.6 2087.0 2560.4 3313.3 4071.4 4638.6 6237.4 6163.4 5905.2 5466.3 5135.0 5535.1 | 7720.5 8079.8 8452.3 8546.5 8883.8 9565.9
Claims on government sector i 17.5 -86.7 -147.8 -205.5 -284.0 -393.6 -466.1 -426.4 -1.0 65.1 130.0 173.7 176.5 | 657.7 627.4 555.3 412.5 483.7 533.4
Claims on private sector j 1427.8 1742.5 2099.3 2614.1 3399.4 4207.2 4820.2 5902.3 5484.6 5215.2 4385.4 3959.8 4579.3 | 5946.8 6616.6 7144.6 7468.7 7826.2 8513.0
Claims on other financial institutions 86.4 112.8 135.5 151.8 197.9 257.8 284.4 761.6 679.8 625.0 951.0 1001.5 779.3 | 1116.0 835.8 752.4 665.3 573.9 519.4
Other items -309.7 -349.9 -418.2 -507.3 -631.9 -764.2 -833.3 -1339.0 -1478.6 -1723.2 -1463.8 -1217.7 -1844.6 | -2514.7 -2713.1 -2919.2 -2924.8 -3373.2 -3759.3
Money supply (M2) annual change percent 26.7 19.8 15.6 18.4 12.9 17.0 12.6 16.4 9.5 2.1 3.7 4.2 2.6 … 5.8 6.1 8.2 6.3 9.2
M2 percent of GDP at current market prices 70.0 73.1 74.8 79.2 78.0 79.1 80.8 91.7 102.7 104.7 102.2 102.1 98.7 119.3 115.1 111.8 109.3 107.3 109.3
Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits 58.1 73.0 75.1 92.4 117.1 157.5 172.4 174.0 112.4 112.1 129.5 144.1 166.3 219.7 259.3 299.7 296.7 357.5 350.3
Savings deposits 398.3 443.0 528.0 677.2 750.5 734.7 808.4 848.2 961.0 1124.6 1354.0 1624.2 1797.9 2259.5 2585.2 2678.0 2370.2 2656.6 2773.0
Time deposits 975.3 1223.6 1421.2 1644.2 1868.4 2331.5 2681.1 3271.3 3596.6 3413.4 3410.6 3316.6 3230.5 2949.2 2816.0 3181.1 3848.4 3514.4 3957.7
Domestic credits outstanding k 1086.3 1333.2 1617.3 2032.4 2630.1 3286.4 3739.2 4669.8 4308.2 3939.3 3399.6 3328.3 3273.1 3398.9 3828.1 4148.0 4379.5 4883.0 5824.2

On deposits
Savings l 11.0 8.5 6.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 3.0 2.5 1.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 2.5 0.8 0.8
Time: 6 months m 14.3 10.5 8.5 7.0 9.1 10.6 8.9 10.8 6.0 3.8 3.0 2.4 1.8 1.0 1.0 2.8 4.1 2.1 1.8
12 months n 13.8 10.5 8.5 7.0 9.3 10.6 8.9 11.5 6.0 4.1 3.5 2.9 2.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 4.5 2.3 1.9
GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion Baht; fiscal year ending 30 September

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 401.2 467.5 490.4 561.9 657.0 765.5 854.2 849.2 732.4 713.0 747.9 834.1 871.7 1045.6 1168.7 1321.0 1429.7 1492.4 1547.2
Total revenue 394.6 462.5 487.0 558.2 653.1 761.8 851.1 846.2 727.9 709.0 743.5 830.3 868.6 1043.0 1166.4 1319.1 1428.0 1490.7 1547.2
Current revenue 394.6 462.5 487.0 558.2 653.1 761.8 851.1 846.2 727.9 709.0 743.5 830.3 868.6 1043.0 1166.4 1319.1 1428.0 1490.7 1547.2
Taxes 361.8 424.2 436.0 499.7 589.1 690.3 771.4 754.0 641.6 612.7 651.3 687.4 763.8 897.6 1023.6 1161.2 1274.6 1313.1 1388.1
Nontaxes 32.8 38.3 50.9 58.6 64.0 71.5 79.7 92.2 86.3 96.2 92.2 143.0 104.8 145.5 142.9 157.9 153.4 177.6 159.1
Capital receipts … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Grants 6.6 5.0 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.1 3.0 4.5 4.0 4.3 3.8 3.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 0.0
Total expenditure and net lending 297.9 348.4 411.2 494.7 578.2 645.2 739.7 937.3 1034.5 1144.7 852.9 921.1 1311.3 1041.4 1196.6 1311.3 1450.3 1606.9 1583.3
Total expenditure 297.9 348.4 411.2 494.7 578.2 645.2 739.7 937.3 1034.5 1144.7 852.9 921.1 1311.3 1041.4 1196.6 1311.3 1450.3 1606.9 1583.3
Current expenditure 248.0 277.0 320.3 360.3 401.6 440.5 501.7 604.0 757.6 921.2 657.0 750.5 1155.0 921.1 1084.5 1145.5 1293.4 1466.0 1459.6
Capital expenditure 50.0 71.4 90.9 134.5 176.6 204.8 237.9 333.3 276.9 223.5 195.8 170.7 156.3 120.3 112.1 165.8 156.9 140.9 123.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Net lending … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Current surplus/deficit 146.6 185.5 166.7 198.0 251.5 321.3 349.4 242.2 -29.7 -212.2 86.5 79.9 -286.4 121.9 82.0 173.6 134.6 24.7 87.6
Capital account surplus/deficit -50.0 -71.4 -90.9 -134.5 -176.6 -204.8 -237.9 -333.3 -276.9 -223.5 -195.8 -170.7 -156.3 -120.3 -112.1 -165.8 -156.9 -140.9 -123.7
Overall surplus/deficit 103.3 119.0 74.6 56.8 68.0 107.6 99.3 -104.9 -328.8 -457.4 -139.4 -136.6 -439.6 4.1 -27.9 9.7 -20.6 -114.5 -36.1
Financing -103.3 -119.0 -74.6 -56.8 -68.0 -107.6 -99.3 104.9 328.8 457.4 139.4 136.6 439.6 -4.1 27.9 -9.7 20.6 114.5 36.1
Domestic borrowing -70.8 -122.5 -63.8 -60.3 -64.9 -115.1 -102.2 94.7 257.4 404.8 73.2 114.3 500.7 29.8 46.2 56.1 71.3 198.5 77.0
Foreign borrowing -32.4 3.6 -10.8 3.6 -3.1 7.5 2.9 10.2 71.4 52.6 66.3 22.3 -61.1 -33.9 -18.2 -65.8 -50.7 -84.0 -40.9
Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices

Total revenue 18.1 18.5 17.2 17.6 18.0 18.2 18.5 17.9 15.7 15.3 15.1 16.2 15.9 17.6 18.0 18.6 18.2 17.6 17.0
Total expenditure 13.6 13.9 14.5 15.6 15.9 15.4 16.0 19.8 22.4 24.7 17.3 17.9 24.1 17.6 18.4 18.5 18.5 18.9 17.4
Overall surplus/deficit 4.7 4.7 2.6 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.2 -2.2 -7.1 -9.9 -2.8 -2.7 -8.1 0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 -1.3 -0.4

Total 298.0 348.5 420.0 494.8 578.3 645.3 739.8 937.5 1035.0 1144.9 857.9 921.2 1311.4 1041.5 1196.8 1311.3 1450.3 1606.9 1583.3
General public services 69.0 70.0 65.1 75.1 82.1 75.2 89.4 103.2 105.8 130.9 161.1 148.6 484.5 222.9 279.8 322.3 433.3 525.6 357.6
Defense o 69.1 80.9 96.4 105.1 122.5 133.4 142.2 155.2 140.6 130.9 127.8 134.0 137.2 138.6 148.9 158.9 172.1 179.0 217.4
Education 61.7 73.5 89.6 109.9 126.9 144.9 159.0 194.8 196.4 200.5 198.4 199.8 226.5 235.3 263.0 265.8 276.5 332.0 361.8
Health 20.7 25.8 32.6 32.7 42.2 48.4 55.3 70.4 70.1 66.9 65.0 66.0 88.4 97.1 102.1 97.3 108.4 255.2 158.4
Social security and welfare 10.9 12.7 16.3 16.7 19.6 22.4 26.8 31.5 32.9 35.7 48.0 114.1 81.3 109.2 132.5 102.5 110.8 7.3 123.3
Housing and community amenities 6.7 8.7 11.5 15.2 24.3 31.0 40.7 51.7 40.6 47.6 39.6 50.1 54.3 22.2 9.5 27.1 35.4 10.1 31.2
Economic services 58.7 75.2 106.0 136.3 154.2 182.4 218.6 317.9 435.1 522.2 209.4 201.7 230.3 207.5 242.7 323.2 261.9 278.9 316.6
Agriculture p 28.4 34.4 49.4 48.7 58.5 66.7 70.2 73.8 59.6 67.1 72.2 68.6 84.1 71.5 69.1 68.5 61.7 92.5 85.7
Industry q 2.2 1.0 1.7 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.7 4.4 4.3 8.3 6.7 7.1 7.5 7.5 6.4 7.7 8.7 1.1 6.8
Electricity, gas, and water r 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.9 2.3 6.3 2.3 2.4
Other economic services s 5.7 8.1 13.5 18.9 23.3 21.5 33.5 94.7 233.0 340.0 29.6 40.6 61.1 72.2 99.6 173.4 127.7 129.0 159.5
Others t 1.1 1.6 2.5 3.9 6.5 7.6 7.7 12.7 13.5 10.1 8.5 6.9 8.9 8.7 18.3 14.1 52.0 18.7 17.0
EXTERNAL TRADE billion Baht; calendar year

Exports, fob 589.8 725.6 824.6 935.9 1137.6 1406.3 1412.1 1806.7 2247.5 2215.2 2773.8 2884.7 2923.9 3325.6 3873.7 4438.7 4937.4 5242.0 5853.6
Imports, cif 844.4 958.8 1033.2 1166.6 1369.0 1763.6 1832.8 1924.3 1774.1 1907.4 2494.1 2752.3 2774.8 3138.8 3801.1 4754.0 4942.9 4870.2 5944.0
Trade balance -254.6 -233.2 -208.6 -230.7 -231.4 -357.3 -420.7 -117.6 473.4 307.8 279.7 132.4 149.1 186.9 72.6 -315.3 -5.6 371.8 -90.4

Exports 14.2 23.0 13.6 13.5 21.6 23.6 0.4 27.9 24.4 -1.4 25.2 4.0 1.4 13.7 16.5 14.6 11.2 6.2 11.7
Imports 27.4 13.5 7.8 12.9 17.4 28.8 3.9 5.0 -7.8 7.5 30.8 10.4 0.8 13.1 21.1 25.1 4.0 -1.5 22.0
Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 23072 28938 32474 37502 46694 60201 57214 59303 56294 58493 68964 65115 68852 80320 96216 110160 130556 152460 173235
1. United States 5240 6068 7303 8005 9526 10078 10026 11154 12175 12667 14706 13246 13522 13669 15492 16950 19626 19250 19754
2. Japan 3969 5135 5686 6300 7728 9477 9373 8733 7475 8259 10164 9964 10001 11395 13452 14979 16492 18122 19724
3. China, People's Republic of 269 335 386 430 930 1642 1868 1744 1769 1861 2806 2863 3553 5707 7098 9105 11810 14834 15976
4. Singapore 1696 2336 2822 4459 6167 7917 6749 6406 4698 5073 5997 5287 5554 5873 7009 7641 8411 9535 9844
5. Hong Kong, China 1038 1348 1507 1960 2387 2921 3240 3407 2785 2979 3474 3298 3699 4331 4924 6123 7214 8686 9774
6. Malaysia 575 684 842 1041 1668 1554 2014 2483 1780 2124 2813 2722 2835 3887 5295 5781 6656 7792 9717
7. Australia 373 463 525 512 643 777 840 931 980 1315 1615 1358 1640 2167 2460 3151 4379 5726 7512
8. Indonesia 154 214 283 202 441 811 846 1377 986 970 1338 1366 1678 2274 3207 3954 3336 4768 6138
9. United Kingdom 936 1028 1172 1188 1345 1619 1837 2022 2121 2090 2357 2328 2391 2587 3021 2784 3421 3552 3847
10. Netherlands 1115 1248 1405 1157 1259 1801 1792 1825 2181 2197 2245 2028 1890 2373 2589 2755 3260 3801 3978
Imports, total 33421 37990 40687 46319 55790 80478 76542 64127 44297 50350 61924 62057 64721 75824 94407 118143 130605 141346 178526
1. Japan 10144 11038 11905 13963 16442 21625 20449 16165 10175 12256 15315 13881 14902 18267 22379 26026 26034 28674 33648
2. China, People's Republic of 1107 1149 1219 905 1388 2096 1953 2260 1822 2495 3377 3711 4928 6067 8182 11153 13801 16382 19935
3. United States 3600 3989 4776 5379 6450 8507 9240 8670 6053 6443 7291 7198 6197 7185 7270 8724 9782 9653 11375
4. Malaysia 1125 1190 1595 1674 2641 3235 3606 3019 2198 2512 3344 3078 3640 4540 5549 8092 8599 8703 9876
5. United Arab Emirates 306 297 316 447 570 678 779 846 723 872 1766 1529 1428 2039 3711 5699 7219 6898 10734
6. Singapore 2480 2990 2970 2969 3439 4162 4004 3147 2383 2980 3416 2854 2904 3270 4153 5375 5760 6343 7169
7. Korea, Republic of 1046 1593 1786 1948 1978 2474 2684 2251 1496 1770 2165 2121 2527 2919 3590 3888 5198 5338 6795
8. Saudi Arabia 412 414 519 484 528 573 619 856 541 666 1159 1349 1225 1716 2324 4044 4261 4618 7306
9. Indonesia 198 220 291 513 452 672 939 884 897 1107 1299 1364 1559 1771 2323 3130 3484 4025 5385
10. Australia 561 662 912 951 1071 1320 1401 1286 896 977 1160 1380 1506 1585 2210 3255 3453 3838 5123
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS million US Dollars; calendar year

Current account -7137 -7383 -6088 -6126 -7801 -13234 -14350 -3110 14291 12466 9328 5114 4685 4784 2767 -7642 2315 14049 -178
Balance on goods -9833 -9507 -7871 -8516 -8730 -14652 -16148 -4624 12235 9272 5466 2494 2739 3759 1460 -8254 994 11572 237
Exports 22881 28330 32244 36553 44649 55731 54667 56725 52878 56801 67889 63070 66092 78105 94941 109362 127941 150048 175297
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Imports -32714 -37837 -40115 -45069 -53379 -70383 -70815 -61349 -40643 -47529 -62423 -60576 -63353 -74346 -93481 -117616 -126947 -138476 -175060
Services and income 2484 1825 1137 1640 -199 931 1037 1039 1641 2841 3277 2021 1343 84 -827 -2391 -2049 -1462 -5186
Credit 8486 9497 10828 13211 14213 18664 20995 19528 16547 17749 18103 16943 18810 18953 22297 23805 29501 37394 40684
Debit -6002 -7672 -9691 -11571 -14412 -17733 -19958 -18489 -14906 -14908 -14826 -14922 -17467 -18869 -23124 -26196 -31549 -38856 -45871
Current transfers 212 299 646 750 1128 487 761 475 415 353 585 599 603 941 2134 3003 3369 3939 4771
Credit 278 412 1001 1223 1903 1191 1653 1393 822 805 951 987 980 1326 2483 3351 3766 4397 5328
Debit -66 -113 -355 -473 -775 -704 -892 -918 -407 -452 -366 -388 -377 -385 -349 -348 -396 -458 -558
Capital account … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Financial account 9744 11338 9652 10515 12183 21949 19504 -4343 -9742 -7908 -10261 -3474 -1845 -4759 3628 11085 6806 -2413 12788
Direct investment 2402 1415 1544 1573 875 1183 1406 3298 7360 5742 3371 4631 3164 4614 5786 7545 8487 9381 7255
Portfolio investment 457 48 531 5465 2663 4116 3701 4558 331 -106 -712 -881 -1606 -73 3071 5510 4232 -6664 -5649
Other investment u 6885 9875 7577 3477 8645 16650 14397 -12199 -17433 -13544 -12920 -7224 -3403 -9300 -5229 -1970 -5914 -5130 11182
Net errors and omissions 1183 198 -521 -475 -207 -1479 -2985 -3196 -2815 26 -684 -323 1394 118 -660 1979 3621 5466 12084
Overall balance 3790 4153 3043 3914 4175 7236 2169 -10649 1734 4584 -1617 1317 4234 143 5735 5422 12742 17102 24693
Reserves and related items -3790 -4153 -3043 -3914 -4175 -7236 -2169 10649 -1734 -4584 1617 -1317 -4234 -143 -5735 -5422 -12742 -17102 -24693

Exports 26.8 28.8 28.9 29.2 30.9 33.2 30.0 37.6 47.3 46.3 55.3 54.6 52.1 54.8 58.8 62.0 61.8 61.0 66.5
Imports -38.3 -38.5 -36.0 -36.1 -37.0 -41.9 -38.9 -40.7 -36.3 -38.8 -50.9 -52.4 -49.9 -52.1 -57.9 -66.7 -61.3 -56.3 -66.4
Balance on goods -11.5 -9.7 -7.1 -6.8 -6.0 -8.7 -8.9 -3.1 10.9 7.6 4.5 2.2 2.2 2.6 0.9 -4.7 0.5 4.7 0.1
Current account balance -8.4 -7.5 -5.5 -4.9 -5.4 -7.9 -7.9 -2.1 12.8 10.2 7.6 4.4 3.7 3.4 1.7 -4.3 1.1 5.7 -0.1
Overall balance 4.4 4.2 2.7 3.1 2.9 4.3 1.2 -7.1 1.6 3.7 -1.3 1.1 3.3 0.1 3.6 3.1 6.2 7.0 9.4
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US Dollars; as of end of period

Total 14273 18416 21182 25440 30279 36945 38645 26893 29536 34781 32661 33041 38915 42148 49831 52065 66985 87455 111008
Gold, national valuation 968 899 823 967 947 963 914 713 711 718 645 686 869 1071 1167 1374 1693 2234 2347
Foreign exchange 13247 17287 20012 24078 28884 35463 37192 25697 28434 33805 31933 32350 38042 40965 48498 50502 65147 85110 108317
Reserve position in the Fund 45 222 335 373 416 474 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 111 165 188 143 111 213
SDRs 13 8 12 22 32 45 60 482 391 258 83 5 4 0 1 1 1 0 131
EXCHANGE RATES Baht per US Dollar

End of period 25.29 25.28 25.52 25.54 25.09 25.19 25.61 47.25 36.69 37.47 43.27 44.22 43.15 39.59 39.06 41.03 36.05 33.72 34.90
Average of period 25.59 25.52 25.40 25.32 25.15 24.92 25.34 31.36 41.36 37.81 40.11 44.43 42.96 41.48 40.22 40.22 37.88 34.52 33.31
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US Dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 28094 37703 41784 52638 65533 100039 112838 109699 104917 96770 79720 67191 59381 51793 51295 51411 55023 63067 …
Long-term debt 19771 25211 27057 30004 36354 55944 65122 69434 72019 69920 61778 52287 47071 40837 39807 35397 37211 41427 …
Public and publicly guaranteed 12460 13240 13282 14697 16203 16826 16887 22292 28088 31306 29463 26218 22534 17712 15311 13628 11704 9841 …
Private nonguaranteed 7311 11971 13775 15307 20152 39117 48235 47142 43931 38615 32316 26069 24537 23125 24496 21769 25507 31585 …
Short-term debt 8322 12492 14727 22634 29179 44095 47715 37836 29660 23418 14880 13223 11919 10956 11488 16014 17812 21640 …
Use of IMF credit 1 – – – – – – 2429 3238 3431 3062 1681 391 – – – – – …
External debt as percent of GNI 33.3 39.0 38.3 42.7 46.1 60.6 63.5 74.6 97.2 81.3 66.0 59.7 48.5 37.9 33.3 30.6 27.8 26.5 …
Total long-term debt as percent of total debt 70.4 66.9 64.8 57.0 55.5 55.9 57.7 63.3 68.6 72.3 77.5 77.8 79.3 78.8 77.6 68.9 67.6 65.7 …
Short-term debt as percent of total debt 29.6 33.1 35.2 43.0 44.5 44.1 42.3 34.5 28.3 24.2 18.7 19.7 20.1 21.2 22.4 31.1 32.4 34.3 …
Debt service as percent of exports of goods and services 16.9 13.0 13.7 13.0 13.4 11.6 12.6 15.5 18.4 21.8 16.3 25.4 23.2 15.5 10.6 13.6 9.3 8.1 …
Debt service million US Dollars; transactions during the year

Principal repayments on long-term debt 2983 2253 3190 4243 5141 4398 4306 6177 7811 9438 8945 15720 15811 12559 10795 16472 12743 13473 8758
Interest on long-term debt 1355 1770 1871 1854 2019 2646 3111 3468 3750 5649 3776 2617 2094 1719 1269 1084 1104 905 1054
Interest on short-term debt 650 874 834 328 692 1543 2107 2150 1066 1014 905 562 419 382 384 503 761 789 …

Interest percent per annum 4.8 5.0 6.0 4.7 4.8 5.7 4.7 6.0 5.0 3.5 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.8 3.7 5.4 5.4 …
Maturity years 22.3 19.0 18.9 19.7 17.0 14.8 17.0 12.4 12.8 18.5 28.9 7.3 24.9 6.6 5.0 10.3 5.6 1.6 …
Grace period years 7.2 4.7 6.0 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.9 5.9 3.5 5.1 6.8 2.3 4.6 3.6 5.0 7.2 1.9 9.9 …
Grant element percent 38.4 33.4 26.7 35.4 31.5 25.6 33.6 22.1 24.9 39.9 59.7 28.9 45.3 27.5 22.3 25.6 13.3 28.1 …
a Labor force refers to persons aged 15 years and over, and includes seasonally inactive labor force. Prior to 1998, data are averages of the first and
third rounds, except for 1990 where data refer to the third round only. From 1998 onward, data refer to the average of four survey rounds.
b Data after
Prior to 1992
1993, have
item been
refers toupdated to conform
wholesale and retailwith theFor
trade. latest Thailand
1993 onward,Standard
it refersIndustrial Classification.
to wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles,
c and
Priorpersonal
to 1993, and
itemhousehold goods. insurance and real estate. For 1993 onward, it refers to financial intermediation, real estate, renting and business
refers to banking,
d activities.
e Prior to 1993, item includes ownership of dwellings. For 1993 onward, it refers to hotels and restaurants; education; health and social work; other
community, social, and personal service activities; and private households with employed persons.
f Derived from balance of payments data.
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
g Refers to narrow money from 2003 onward.
h Refers to broad money from 2003 onward.
i Includes
Refers tonet claims
claims on on government,
nonfinancial local
public government,
enterprises andand public
claims on nonfinancial
business andcorporations from 2003
household sectors untilonward.
2002. From 2003 onward, includes other
j nonfinancial corporations and other resident sectors.
k Refers to loans and overdrafts.
l Actual ranges of rates are: For 1990, 10.00–12.00%
13.00–15.50%;and 1992,
1992, 6.00–6.50%.
8.00–9.00%; 1994, 8.25–10.00%; 1995, 10.25–11.00%; 1996, 8.50–9.25%; 1997, 10.00–
m 11.50%;
Actual and 2001,
ranges 2.25–2.50%.
of rates are: For 1990, 12.00–15.50%; 1994, 8.25–10.25%; 1995, 10.25–11.00%; 1996, 8.50–9.25%; 1997, 10.00–13.00%; 1999, 4.00–
n 4.25%; and 2001, 2.75–3.00%.
o Includes public order and safety.
p Refers to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.
q Refers to mining, manufacturing, and construction.
r Refers to fuel and energy.
s Computed as residual.
t Includes environmental protection and recreation, culture and religion.
u Includes “Use of fund credits and loans.” The series has been adjusted to incorporate data from external debt survey for 1995–2000. From 2001, the
series includes data from the International Investment Position statistics.
Sources:
Population For 1990–1999, Official communication, 26 April 2004. National Statistical Office.
For 2000–2008, Official communication, 22 April 2009; past communication. National
Economic and Social Development Board.
Official communication, 19 May 2009; past communication; Official website
Labor Force (http://web.nso.go.th). National Statistical Office.
Official communication, 22 April 2009; past communication. National
National Accounts Economic and Social Development Board.
Production Indexes
Agriculture FAOSTAT Database Online. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Mining Official communication, 24 April 2009; past communication. Bank of Thailand.

Manufacturing
Energy
Crude Petroleum Official communication, 24 April 2009; past communication. Bank of Thailand.
For 1990–1993, Official communication, 20 April 1995; past communication.
Coal National
For Statistical
1994–2008, Office.
Official communication, 24 April 2009; past
communication. Bank of Thailand.
For 1990–1991, Official communication, 13 April 1993. National
Electricity Statistical
For Office.Official communication, 24 April 2009; past communication.
1992–2008,
National Statistical Office.
Official communication, 24 April 2009; past communication.
Retail Prices Bank of Thailand.
Price Indexes Bank of Thailand.
Money and Banking Bank of Thailand.
Government Finance Official communication, 25 April 2009; Ministry of Finance.

External Trade Bank of Thailand.
Direction of Trade Statistics CD-ROM, May 2009.
Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund.
Balance of Payments Bank of Thailand.
International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2009.
International Reserves International Monetary Fund.
Exchange Rates
Global Development Finance Online. World
External Indebtedness Bank.
CPI / Ty Export/G Imports/G
Le Lam Tỷ lệ tăng DP DP
Phat GDP
Inflation GDP EX IM
% % % %
1990 5.9 11.2 13.4 23.7
1991 5.7 8.6 15.1 12.9
1992 4.2 8.1 13.8 9.0
1993 3.3 8.3 13.0 13.2
1994 5.0 9.0 14.3 14.4
1995 5.7 9.2 15.4 23.0
1996 5.9 5.9 -4.5 -3.2
1997 5.6 -1.4 9.1 -8.7
1998 8.1 -10.5 10.8 -19.6
1999 0.2 4.4 8.6 11.4
2000 1.6 4.5 15.8 26.0
2001 1.6 3.4 -0.0 1.5
2002 0.7 6.1 5.9 6.2
2003 1.8 7.2 9.1 11.1
2004 2.7 6.3 14.6 20.3
2005 4.5 4.2 7.8 16.2
2006 4.7 5.0 10.8 2.9
2007 2.3 5.4 8.9 4.2
2008 5.5 1.7 6.3 11.4
2009 -0.9 -0.7 -12.5 -21.0
2010 3.3 7.5 14.1 22.8
2011 3.8 0.8 9.2 12.4
2012 3.0 7.2 5.0 5.6
2013 2.2 2.7 2.7 1.6
2014 1.9 0.8 0.2 -5.3
2015 -0.9 2.8 0.2 -0.4

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THAILAND

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS billion baht; calendar year

Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-

Structure of Output percent of GDP at current market prices

Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices

Growth of Output annual change, percent

Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Investment Financing at Current Prices

Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

At Current Market Prices baht

PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

ENERGY annual values

Coal thousand metric tons

Electricity million kilowatt-hours

Retail prices baht/liter

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Price indexes annual change, percent

MONEY AND BANKING billion baht; as of end of period

Deposit money banks

Interest Rates percent per annum; as of end of period

GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion baht; fiscal year ending 30 September

Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices

Expenditure by Function, Central Government

Expenditure by Function percent of GDP at current market prices

EXTERNAL TRADE billion baht; calendar year

External Trade annual change, percent

Direction of Trade million US dollars; calendar year

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS million US dollars; calendar year

Balance of Payments percent of GDP at current market prices

INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US dollars; as of end of period

EXCHANGE RATES baht per US dollar

EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US dollars; as of end of year

Debt Service million US dollars; transactions during the year

Retail Prices BOT. Official communication, 28 June 2016; past communication.

Price Indexes BOT. Official communication, 28 June 2016; past communication.

External Trade BOT. Official communication, 28 June 2016; past communication.

Balance of Payments BOT. Official communication, 22 June 2015; past communication.

International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics, CD-ROM, May 2016.

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS billion Baht; calendar year

Structure of Output percent of GDP at current market prices

Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices

Growth of Outputc annual change, percent

Investment Financing at Current Prices

Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

At Current Market Pricesc Baht

PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

ENERGY annual values

Coal thousand metric tons

Electricity million kilowatt-hours

Retail prices Baht/liter

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Price Indexes annual change, percent

MONEY AND BANKING billion Baht; as of end of period

Deposit Money Banks

Interest Rates percent per annum; as of end of period

GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion Baht; fiscal year ending 30 September

Government Finance percent of GDP at current market pricesm

Expenditure by Function, Central Government

EXTERNAL TRADE billion Baht; calendar year

External Trade annual change, percent

Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year