Neurologic Disorders – Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests

Chrislyn Kith P Concepcion

BSN 3

Computed tomography (CT Scan)

 This imaging test creates horizontal images of the body using a
combination of X-rays and computer technology. A CT scan provides
clear images of the bones, muscles, fat, and organs in every part of the
body. CT scans have more information than standard X-rays.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
 Using electrodes attached to the skin, this test records the brain's
constant electrical activity.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
 This test uses a combination of large magnets, radio waves, and a
computer to make detailed images of organs and structures within the
body.
Electrodiagnostic tests, such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve
conduction velocity (NCV)
 These tests are used to evaluate and diagnose muscle and motor
neuron disorders. Electrodes are inserted into muscles or placed on
the skin overlying a muscle or group of muscles. The electrical activity
as well as the muscle response are also recorded.
Positron emission tomography (PET)
 This test measures the metabolic activity of cells.
Arteriogram (angiogram)
 This X-ray of the arteries and veins detects blockage or narrowing of
the vessels.
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
 A special needle is inserted into the lower back, into the spinal canal,
during this test. This is the area around the spinal cord. After that, the
pressure in the spinal canal and the brain can be determined. A small
sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be taken and tested to see if
there is an infection or other issues. The fluid that surrounds the brain
and spinal cord is known as CSF.
Evokes potentials
 This test records the brain’s electrical response to visual, auditory, and
sensory stimuli
Myelogram
 This test uses dye injected into the spinal canal to make the structure
clearly visible on X-rays.
Neurosonography
 Ultra high-frequency sound waves are used in this test. It allows for
analysis of blood flow in cases of possible stroke.
Ultrasound (sonography)
 This is an imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves and a
computer to make images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs.
Ultrasounds are used to view internal organs as they function. They
also assess blood flow through various vessels.
Laboratory screening tests
 Lab screening tests of blood, urine, or other body fluids may help in
diagnosing the disease, understanding disease severity, and
monitoring levels of therapeutic drugs.
Genetic testing
 This is for those who have a family history of a neurological disease
and can. Determine if they are carrying one of the genes known to
cause the disorder.

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In all of these tests and procedures, a nurse must not forget the following
nursing interventions and nursing care considerations:
 Obtain an informed consent
 Look for allergies
 Get health history of any recent illnesses or other medical conditions
and current medications being taken. Also take the family history of
disease/illnesses.
 Check for NPO status
 Provide information about the procedure and instructions on what to
do during procedure
 Inform about the duration of the procedure