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    china pakistan economic corridors information

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    Download as pdf
    103 views10 pages

    Cpec Comprehensive Notes

    Uploaded by

    khalid
    china pakistan economic corridors information

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    {$44 biton Investment lathe mee) OS * eomonike Corridor (CPEC) Ghina and Pakistan signed a Memorandum of Understanding on China-Pakisan Economic Corridor on July §, 2013. The agreement was signed during Prime Minister Nawaz Sharifs visit to China and got a boost in April 2015 during Chinese President Xi Sinping’s Pakistan visit. This project i integral to the bigger plan for reviving the traditional Silk Road | and establishing the new Silk Road Economic Belt. The CPEC isa g,218-km network of roads, | railways and pipelines linking Kashgar in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur province and southwest Pakistan's Gwadar Port. It is the part of China's ‘One Belt, One Road’ initiative that, Stretching into South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Burope through Central Asa, wil link China to the rest of the world through new roads, railways, ports and gas pipelines, The CPEC, which will be constructed from 2014 to 2030, confirms China's strategie partnership with Pakistan. While it will advance China's plans for the New Silk Road, it will be a “game changer? not only for Pakistan but also for the entire region. The Chinese co corridor has created a new and significant o mmitment to the economic portunity for Pakistan to revive its economy, stabilizes polity, advance its strategic interests, cater for its energy needs, and cure its nation ils. Pakistan can serve as a gateway for energy idea was long there to provide facilities to Afgha Russia as its coast is closed in winter. The Gi trade to the entire subcontinent. The stralegie nistan, Central Asia, China, Mongolia, and even ‘wadar Port will run across the year. The first outgoing shipment of containers carrying Chinese goods departed from Gwadar port on November 13, 2016. The media event was attended by Pakistan's top Policymakers as well asa high-level Chinese delegation. 69 W KIPS PUBLICATIONS Scanned with CamScanner CPECis the only comidor th in 's the only corridor that ivop | - ae Wes just one count ca her relations with China, Under its one ea msi after an wo China as other projects such as the Bangla wich on One Belt (OBOR), ce ah pear crara China, 1 , besides CPEC, China has init From the construction India, and Mya 2s initiated : ion Point of view, yanmar (BCIM) Corti long-term projects. In 2017-20) 4 the corridor has bee development and energy are a F completion of See aes jects wi L a Sof infrastr rydeopowerproects wil come an ney nr S45 billion worth of cal wind a Pakistan's national gric soar, an worth of projects will be direct forei debt eee Chinese compani ‘ + The other 12 billion dollars will panies; there will be no government loans, will be concessional government-to- vestment by With a planned portfolio of projets totaln kinds of projects to be implemented und pee infrestructre projets (Goedar Por, ean umm gerne 19.000MW of power projets, most of which are to be sponsored by Sie companies. That is to say, CPECis divided into two major dimensions Energy De Pasta Projects and Infrastructure Development Projects, gy Development ig around $46 billion, there are actually two i enna eT RTO TET ADVANTAGE OF CPEC VIS A VIS CHINA Currently, nearly 80 per cent of China's oil is transpor between two to three months. This journey is going to be reduéed to just 5,000 km, taking its route from Pakistan through CPEC: Moreover, China has framed three corridor routes including CPEC to overcome a greater security challenge in the South China Sea in shape of possible blockade of Sea Lane of Communications at the choking point of Strait of Malacca during conflict times, Any blockade may stop 80 per cent of Chinese imported energy supplies from the Middle East and West Africa. CPEC will not only strengthen Chinas relations with Pskistan and providean alternative route of energy supply, but will also provide the much-oveted acess for other regions and the sea. This will provide an opportunity to China to improve her interaction with Central Asia, West Asia, the Middle East, Burope, and the est of the world. Moreover, when the roads, pipelines and sea ports will become funetiona, the eon ofthe Chinas not much deed Xinjiang region will secure substantial improvement with the increas in export of goods an more frequent ol supply. China's notion of economic connectivity through highways a ses ts vee i expanding global role. Gawadar or transfer and rae as tobe wewed a5 eri a renin ie SO larger Chinese strategy of “String of Pearls’ power over other countries, nanos “ Scanned with CamScanner Indian Ocean i Suingofearls” Chiese pol Hafluénce o aileay 7 5 eae ll ote, ADVANTAGES OF CPEC VIS A VIS PAKISTAN me For Pakistan, the CPEC can bring large-scale investments in the energy Stet, infrastructure building, and industry. Once Pakistan is prepared, China may aso mop, some of its industry and bring Pakistan into its chain of, production. CPEC will increase Chin stakes in Pakistan which will leverage Islamabad in regional affairs. It -denionstrates the centrality of the CPEC-in future Sino-Pak relations. CPEC is not simply a set of roads ang ighways, but it als includes development of industrial and energy projects all along the'cPE route in Pakistan, . Road building and infrastructure development inthe Balochistan area will contribute te ther socio-economic development. Therefore, it will help to increase the economic Activity and development in Balochistan and wil bring ito parity with the other provinces, and reduce the unemployment rate and poverty in Pakistan, The CPBC inludes several energy Broduction projets. These are very important for Pakistan as the country suffers from acute Shere) shortages~4500 MW. It wil ease Pakistan's costly enery isis while connecting the country’s economy with its neighbours on three sides, the east, north and the west Defense Cooperation CEPC is not only an economic cooperation but also including other defense. China is helping P. 'akistan strengthen itself as China's dwn stakes are Strengthened Pakistan. tn the wake of CPEC, China is China would also transfer the technology to Pal be helpful for Pakistan defensive measures, b Aetertent aspects such as in a stable and selling eight submacines to Pakistan, stan for submarine constuction ut also su against ising India’s (who has declared it The deep-rooted naval collaboration bet and PLA (Navy) has Dome even mare important against the backdtop ofthe China-Pakistan Economie Cottidor to ‘ffecively handle complex asymmetric challenges in the Maritime domain. Ty this regard, A. It will not only pot in the protection of CPEC as * oppasition to CPEC) naval power tween Pakistan Navy itis ‘mS PuRLICaTions Scanned with CamScanner vee ‘lateral exercises are expected to 80 long way FORGE ERE Tre region nthe yearstocome, OTE Promating martine ROT RTS Energy Projects Under CPEC aay tes | ‘There are the 10, economic corridor projects would ere would revive existing industri FY Opportunities and benefits. En at smerian Fertilizers ON : ustries, ‘such as textiles, fertilizers (Pak-Arab rea ee . . DH Fertilizers) to fll production and add an esti ver eae GDP growth. 4m estimated ape to Pakistan's On April 20, 2015, the ground-breaking of five power projects was jointly done by the ing of five power projects was joi he gro jointh Chinese president and Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif via video link. Among th ng the projects, Zonergy 900 MW solar power plant is fi Bri I 13 bllon dla poe the lt ar For he te eh an in Bahawalpur developed in three phases and is expected to be completed by ih ae = number of other energy projects, being constructed by Chinese companies, Aa aati steadily: The 1.65 billion-dollar Karot hydropower plant, the fist invest Ee ae the Silk Road Fund, is being developed by the China Three Gorges ‘co aa Construction of the 720 MW project was to begin and the plant is expected ro ins operation in 2020. The Port Qasim coal-fired power plant, the fist started ole inthe energy sector under the CPEC framework, is being constructed by Power china Résources Limited. The 2-billion- dollar project is expected start operation in 2018, Further Chinese investors are also interested in the Thar coal project which involves developing a large energy complex in Sindh province to produce 6,000 MWof coal-based power and introduce to the country the concept of gasification and production of liquid fuel from coal. Moreover, in 2015, Pakistan has confirmed recoverable reserves of around 200 trillion ‘cubic feet (TCF) of natural gas in Chiniot and around 58 billion barrels of oil in its shale structure — many times larger than existing conventional gas reserves of around 20 TCF and 385 million barrels of oil. Pakistan requires more technology for exploiting shale oil and gas, resource on a larger scale. China can provide the required technology. Infrastructure Development ‘The CPEC project adds on tothe already existing road Tink between Pakistan's Gilgit- Baltistan and the Xinjang region of China, he roots of road building in Pakistan’ eemate areas adjoining China goes back to 1959 when Pakistan's Art Engineers began to build a 155 miles Tong road linking Chilas to Gili, named later as the Indus Valley Road Gawadar-Kashgr motorway is to be constructed with three different routes connecting ultimately near Gilgit-Baltistan With ative consitaton of ore ee Pakistan has prepared plan to construct thes cortidors: the western alignment, alignment. ‘The last one has been picked for ntral alignment and the eastern : the ist phase. There wl be much Prem OF networks of highways, railways — n TPs PUBLICATONS Scanned with CamScanner BO Pe oe sree Neale of the Karakorum Highway (gy as Froese ' rament Projet rnpetusin Pakistan and the region. According, Cat et et ‘ites and pave. way for eneteY oes of billions of ia comity and ae uld ereate business. oppo! #0 einploymént ig, ii re on Sagi he CPEC woud sone ePID “ ee aoe of Gwadar port willbriog seta ee ea country. He:a J ise at ch needed boost. 5 : snd business activites will get 8 mu ic cooperation, with a central role of the CPzc ie a“1+4” pattern of economic coop See « Rewill promote cluding the Gwadar port; energy, transportation infrastructure and a cover, t wouldnt only benefit Pakistan but other pountries of the industrial. cooperation. Moreover, It 5 : essai sats mae ji Feion aswell Acording to Dr: Kha, trade statistics have been faised significantly which would imately benefit the economy, Visible progress on the CPEC and the mobilization of Chinese — Fakistan will also help in overcoming the, psychological Barriers to, flows of foreign inyestment from other sources. Foreign investment flows into Pakistan will depend -on the health. and stability of the Pakistan economy, which is greatly affected by the terrorism and separatism in Balochistan. 3 See ce Social Expansion _. Oe Mis oes igala ‘nieCPEG -projeets will open new avenues. of social -expansion, and will lead to more detelopnient. China will construct a modern international airport in Gwadar and launch social develapment projects to provide education, health, and drinkiig water facilities to local People: Through investment in the social sector both countries will collahorate on, education, culture; and people-to-people communication, China is already of 4 hundreds of students from Gilgt-Baltstan in Chinese language and hi eden s trend will likely to increase in the near future under CPEC. “s a a Nuclear Cooperation 2 ia san canned with CamScanner ‘ed with the China-Pakistan Economic Cong fon investier te fate will depend on whether Pakistani is able to fyo” ional. But its A ime) involve a series of complicated infrastructure ang nll ns Ar om lor eof nici, deep suspicion and negativity has Bi is side 7 projets THE nation® oak record isn't encouraging. Even the recent history ot ent istan' ; i ith Chit ies vet CPEC.PAKSIN O zandari had signed many MOUs with China, agemeat with China is lementation was slow due to the similar on-ground obs aa oni : i i companies but PES ee of obstacles regarding CPEC which need the resolution, Some of seen There a2 them are: or ? yosition . n Inds Ove a ‘oui nits opposition to the project and protested to China over it. Inia saat Baltstan as part of India and does not want to connect corridor from here tg considers Se ‘Along with it, CPEC counterbalances the Indian plans for exploiting Chinese ase rasinthe Indian Ocean by blocking Malacea Statin times of conflict and China vats ig seeureit, Moreover, Baloch separatists have been waging insurgency in Balochistan forthe pas many yeas, which the government also blames on India because they are inciting feelings of disparity in Balochi people. Therefore, Gawadar is located in Balochistan and the instability is affecting its progress, RAW has been specially targeting innocent people at Gwadar, Turbat, and Mastung, Chinese workers and even tourists at Nanga Parbat. In March 2016, RAW agent Kulbushan Yadav was arrested in Baluchistan. This was an undeniable proof of Indian involvement in the Baluchistan insurgency. The video recording of his voluntarily made confessional statement was released, He categorically stated that he was a serving Indian Navy officer and was to retire in 2022. He mentioned his contacts with the Baloch insurgents, providing finances to them and also arranging their training for subversive activites and acts of terrorism, He also confessed his links with terrorist entities in Karachi and {nvolvement in the acts of terrorism, including kiling of some police officers. Aocording to DG IPR, one of his assignments was also to sabotage CPEC and in this respect the Baloch inurgnts were planningan attack onthe Gwadar Prt inthe neae ature Security ‘The Frontier Works Organisation, part of the CPEC’s western route, had | civliansin about scores incidents since the security challenges tothe project. ‘Transparency and Accountability ‘The actual ability of government institutions to conceive specific tanprency and accountability in their implementation, and alter and int Provincial rules and routines necessary to removing red tape woul capacities and attitudes won't do. = ane ones Resource Capacity Pakistan lacks the hum: fovernment departments to en nt associal tT which is constructing a road network in Balochistan as lost many of its workers—both military personniel and the start of work on the road. The statistics underscore Projects, ensure troduce federal or crucial. Current an resouree especially technical expertise in x sure successful implementation; recy the relevant fallen to suppor the parts of government and privates os is mag il have to be initiative. ies Most involyeq = Bureaucratic Hurdles eG Another challe hurdles rust Scanned with CamScanner cvec internal Conflict over the Rous Pakistanis facing an internal conto, parties from Khyber Pakdhtunkhwa and Baluch through their provinces to be built Chopter-10| the route of the CPEC. Some smal \e plc Tra Than" se upon the western cot that wl po On the other hand, the ruling part seems determined nena het felon is be ing neglected. passes through Punjab-Its pltial eae E esi the eastern route which manly sees y: The matter needs a quick resoation, Pakistani officials and scholars are ve strategic implications in any local or re, India centric and she sees every develope y fond of using the term ‘strategic’ and try to see gional development. Pakistan’s strategic focus is i with this lens. An overemphasis on this € Y ‘term and centralization can make one blind to other perspectives or prove misleading such as economic perspective, which plays a key role in any country’s development. Pakistan must do away with ge0-polities and focus on geo-economics. This wil ikely soften Indian opposition tothe projet and remove a major hurdle, Terrorism ‘Terrorism on the CPEC route is a major concern. The $46 billion investment associated with the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor could not be transformational unles the menace of | terrorism is dealt with. Though the statistics show a marked drop in terrorist incidents as 2 result of army operations; however, the attacks in 2016 show that the menace is far from ove. For instance in three months, there had been three deadly attacks in August 2016, sores of Jauyers were Killed in Quetta hospital; in Ostober 2016, the policemen were killed by the dome ayy jee training academy outside Quetta; and, in November 2016, members ofthe public were i py the dozen in Str i ‘This is to likely hamper the pace of led by the doven in Shrine bombing in in Khun, Tis st el tampa i je and agenc ion of CPEC projects. Pakistani security forces be impern,protect all citizen and particularly Chinese workers engaged on thes PEC ries nan the entire investment program vail take at lest 15 t0 20 yeas be comm i ic i stituent project i tinuous implementation of its const therefore, usintemopn by stability in the region an politcal accountability. imperative which can only be possible by 8 CPEC: A GAME-CHANGER, FOR THE REGION ATONS Scanned with CamScanner ct

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