PRACTICE TEST 16-8

PRACTICE TEST
I.Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined partdiffers from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1:A. appalled B. dedicated C. designed D. injured
Question 2:A. competitor B. medal C. level D. development

II.Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following question.
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently
1.  A. cosmetics B. economics      C. photography      D. experience
2.  A. lemon      B. physics      C. decay      D. decade
3. A. environment B. psychology C. participate D. interference
4. A. exploitation B. inhabitant C. biologist D. discovery
5. A. apprehension      B. preferential C. conventional D. calculation

III. Choose the best answer.

1. Since 1950 the world.......nearly one-fifth of the top soil from agricultural land and one-fifth of its tropical forests.
A. has lost B. is losing C. was losing D. had been lost
2. Nhatrang's long coastline and warm weather.......swimmers to its sandy shores.
A. attracts B. they attract C. is attracted by D. attract
3. Patrick Henry, born in 1736, ......by his father, who had advanced training in mechanics.
A. had taught B. was taught C. taught D. has been taught
4. I will never forget ___________ and proud when I graduated from college.
A. be happy B. to be happy C. being happy D. having happy
5. He has put his car entirely at our _______ for the holiday.
A. usage B. pleasure C. run D. disposal
6. If he had listened to my advice, he ___________ in trouble now.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t be C. weren’t D. wouldn’t have been
7. He took a drink from his glass of water and then _________ his speech.
A. returned B. refreshed C. restored D. resumed
8. _______ everyone working here, I would like to thank you for your generous donation.
A. On the whole B. On behalf of C. With regard to D. In view of
9. I cannot stay up late at night. I prefer ___________ early.
A. turning on B. turning up C. turning in D. turning out
10. ______ second thoughts, I decided not to go on holiday in Paris.
A. In B. On C. With D. By
11. I haven’t seen Peter for a long time. I will _________ him this weekend.
A. call for B. call in C. call off D. call on
12. __________ you find yourself in difficulty, please ask for help.
A. Could B. May C. Should D. Must
13. Elderly people, ………………, require constant attention.
A. a large number’s depending on government aid
B. and many of them depend on the government to finance them
C. who are dependent many of them on the financing from the government
D. many of whom are financially dependent on the government
14. Farmers are at the _______ of the bad weather that can destroy their crop.
A. change B. influence C. force D. mercy
15. She took a _________ of absence from work when she had her baby.
A. permit B. record C. leave D. file
16. The company has just got a big order and the workers are working around the_________.
A. night B. day C. hour D. clock
17. It is imperative that this letter…………….immediately.
A send B. should send C. was sent D. be sent

18. The ground is wet. It _______________ rained last night.

A. must B. must have C. may have D. might have
19. ___________ members of my family has a share in doing household chores.
A. Each of the B. Every C. All D. None of
20. . I’m sorry. I couldn’t come to your party last night.
A. Excuse me. B. That’s all right. C. You’re welcome. D. What a pity!
IV. Find an error in each of the following sentences and correct it .
31. She demanded that she would be allowed to meet her son in prison when she came there.-> be allowed
A B C D
32.A rat will occasionally become so hungry that it will attack an animal much larger than it.->itself
A B
33. Cape Cod , Massachusetts, is known for its summer resorts and towns for fishing.-> fishing towns

34. Because a large number of children were born after the Second War World , the post war
period has labeled the “ baby boon”.-has been labeled
35.Tom’s three favourite past times are playing chess, working out in the gym and he likes reading -> reading

V. Supply the correct form of the word provided in brackets in each sentence. (5 points)
1. His busy schedule made him completely inaccessible…….. to his students. (ACCESS)
2. He works for UNESCO in a purely ……advisory…….. role. (ADVISE)
3. The sun and the moon are often …personified……….. in poetry. (PERSON)
4. She studied ___economics_____ at university. (ECONOMY)
5.This new regulation will, of course, ( simple ).....simplify......... the situation.
6.Is there any ( necessary ) ..necessity..........to treat her so badly?
7. I had my trousers ( long ) ........lengthened.......because they were too short.
8.She is much more ( study)...studious..... than me.
9. Many …scholars……..spent a lot of time studying this matter. (school)
10. No excuses can explain his…inability………..(able)
V. Choose the best answer.
A Snapper in the Sewers
Snappers are a (0) .......of biting turtle, which is rapidly (1) .. extinct. This is probably the reason
why rangers in the Australian Reptile Park felt (2)………..upset when eight baby snappers were
stolen from the park (3)…………..20 years ago. Then, last year, a construction worker in Sydney
was working in the sewage system under the city streets, when he (4)………….what looked like an
enormous turtle. At (5)…………, he couldn't believe his (6)……………….. He was
amazed. Where (7) ..... earth had it come from? When he reported it, the most likely explanation
seemed that it was one of the baby snappers that had been taken more than 20 years earlier. The park rangers
were very excited and (8) ..... to get it back. However, the snapper was no longer a baby and it took six men, using
a wheelbarrow, to get the 110-pound turtle out of the sewers. In (9) ........., they were lucky, as some snappers
weigh twice as much as that! All the TV and press (10) ..... of the snapper's rescue made it quite famous and it
was even (11) ..... a nickname, Leonardo, after the famous Mutant Ninja Turtle. Doesn't it make you (12) .....
what other secrets are hidden in the sewers under our cities?

1A growing B getting C turning D becoming

2.A so B such C much D too
3.A above B over C beyond D past
4.A ran over B saw through C came across D got by
5. A once B all C least D first
6. A sight B eyes C ears D luck
7. A on B in C of D about
8. A concerned B worried C upset D anxious
9. A fact B case C general D time
10. A publications B reports C broadcasts D communications
11. A adopted B called C made D given
12. A think B like C wonder D ask

VI. Gap-filling
Mysterious Hums

Can you imagine (0) ..how...it feels to walk around with a continuous low noise, or hum, in your ears day
(13)…by…..day? Some people are doing just (14) ............so...., and it is seriously affecting their lives.
Apparently, hums are heard mostly indoors, at night, and sound (15)…like………. a lorry engine or motor
that (16) .............had...... been left running. Hums disturb people's concentration, sleep and, (17)
...........in......... some cases, cause serious headaches.
Not (18) ............everybody...... hears hums; in fact, (19) ........few.. people are aware of the noise at all. However,
the 2% ofthe population that are able to pick up on these sounds simply cannot ignore (20)
.......them..........
Hums were first documented by experts in the field of acoustics as long ago as 1991. (21) .......while.............
man-made sources may be responsible for some of the hums, others are not so easy to account for. One theory
suggests that these hums are created deep in the earth by rocks pushing one (22) .......against....... the other. Another
theory is that a particular kind of wave in the ocean is creating this mysterious noise.
(23) ....whatever........... the actual cause of these hums, it seems that for the time (24) ...being................., people
who do hear the hums will continue to suffer until a way to deal with the noise is found.

VII. Read the passage and do the tasks that follow.

The Risks of Cigarette Smoke
Discovered in the early 1800s and named nicotianine, the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active
ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine, however, is only a small component of cigarette smoke, which contains more than
4,700 chemical compounds, including 43 cancer-causing substances. In recent times, scientific research has been
providing evidence that, years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.

In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of,
amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical
cancers. In 1990, smoking caused more than 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia,
bronchitis and influenza. Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly
represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today.

Passive smoking, the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the
smoke exhaled by a smoker, also causes a serious health risk. A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke
contains more, smaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs. On the basis of this
report, the EPA has classified environmental tobacco smoke in the highest risk category for causing cancer.

As an illustration of the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a non-
smoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive
smoking. The risk of lung cancer also increases over the years of exposure and the figure jumps to 80 per cent if the
spouse has been smoking four packs a day for 20 years. It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer
can be attributed to high levels of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence.

A more recent study by researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) has shown that second-
hand cigarette smoke does more harm to non-smokers than to smokers. Leaving aside the philosophical question of
whether anyone should have to breathe someone else’s cigarette smoke, the report suggests that the smoke
experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantial adverse effects on a person’s heart
and lungs.

The report, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (AMA), was based on the researchers’ own
earlier research but also includes a review of studies over the past few years. The American Medical Association
represents about half of all US doctors and is a strong opponent of smoking. The study suggests that people who
smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the
effects of smoking. It further states that people who do not smoke do not have the benefit of their system adapting to
the smoke inhalation. Consequently, the effects of passive smoking are far greater on non-smokers than on smokers.
This report emphasizes that cancer is not caused by a single element in cigarette smoke; harmful effects to health are
caused by many components. Carbon monoxide, for example, competes with oxygen in red blood cells and interferes
with the blood’s ability to deliver life-giving oxygen to the heart. Nicotine and other toxins in cigarette smoke
activate small blood cells called platelets, which increases the likelihood of blood clots, thereby affecting blood
circulation throughout the body.

The researchers criticize the practice of some scientific consultants who work with the tobacco industry for assuming
that cigarette smoke has the same impact on smokers as it does on non-smokers. They argue that those scientists are
underestimating the damage done by passive smoking and, in support of their recent findings, cite some previous
research which points to passive smoking as the cause for between 30,000 and 60,000 deaths from heart attacks each
year in the United States. This means that passive smoking is the third most preventable cause of death after active
smoking and alcohol-related diseases.
The study argues that the type of action needed against passive smoking should be similar to that being taken against
illegal drugs and AIDS (SIDA). The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to
establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places.
Questions 1-3
Choose the appropriate letters A – D.
1. According to information in the text, leukaemia and pneumonia
        A     are responsible for 84,000 deaths each year.
        B     are strongly linked to cigarette smoking.
        C     are strongly linked to lung cancer.
        D     result in 30 per cent of deaths per year.
2. According to information in the text, intake of carbon monoxide
       A     inhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart.
       B     increases absorption of other smoke particles..
       C     inhibits red blood cell formation.
       D     promotes nicotine absorption.
3. According to information in the text, intake of nicotine encourages
      A     blood circulation through the body.
      B     activity of other toxins in the blood.
      C     formation of blood clots.
      D     an increase of platelets in the blood.
Questions 4-7
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 5?

     YES                if the statement reflects the claims of the writer

     NO                 if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
     NOT GIVEN    if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
4. Thirty per cent of deaths in the United States are caused by smoking-related diseases.No
5. If one partner in a marriage smokes, the other is likely to take up smoking.NG
6. Teenagers whose parents smoke are at risk of getting lung cancer at some time during their lives.Yes
7. Opponents of smoking financed the UCSF study.NG

Questions 8-10
Choose ONE phrase from the list of phrases A - J below to complete each of the following sentences
8. Passive smoking ....E..............
9. Compared with a non-smoker, a smoker .....G..............
10. The American Medical Association .........H..........
A   includes reviews of studies in its reports.
B   argues for stronger action against smoking in public places.
C   is one of the two most preventable causes of death.
D   is more likely to be at risk from passive smoking diseases.
E    is more harmful to non-smokers than to smokers.
F    is less likely to be at risk of contracting lung cancer.
G   is more likely to be at risk of contracting various cancers.
H   opposes smoking and publishes research on the subject.
I     is just as harmful to smokers as it is to non-smokers.
J    reduces the quantity of blood flowing around the body.

Questions 25-28
Classify the following statements as being
    A    a finding of the UCSF study
    B    an opinion of the UCSF study
    C    a finding of the EPA report
    D    an assumption of consultants to the tobacco industry

NB You may use any letter more than once.

11. Smokers’ cardiovascular systems adapt to the intake of environmental smoke.A
12.There is a philosophical question as to whether people should have to inhale others’ smoke.B
13. Smoke-free public places offer the best solution.B
14.The intake of side-stream smoke is more harmful than smoke exhaled by a smoker.C

VII. Finish each of the sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. There's no point in spending time on this exercise.OF
This exercise ...................is a waste of .................... time.
2.It was such an expensive book that I didn't buy it. SO
If the book .......................hadn’t been so expensive.........., I would have bought it.
3.I'd rather book tickets than wait in a queue. PREFER
I……would prefer booking tickets rather than to wait………………in a queue.
4.The paint on that house looks very new. MUST
That house ...............must have been painted..............................very recently.
5.Don't do any work for the next few days. EASY
Just .............................take it easy.............. for the next few days.
. I don’t think the television’s likely to blow up at any minute. LIKELIHOOD
___There is little likelihood that the television will blow up______________
7. This car only cost me five hundred pounds. PICKED
_______I picked this car up for only 5 hundred pounds____
8. Someone paid five thousands pounds for the painting. WENT
________The painting went for 5 thousand pounds _______
9. We have made neither a profit nor a loss this year.EVEN
____________we broke even this year________
10. In 1967 programs began to be transmitted in color. ADVENT
______1967 saw the advent of transmission of programs in color__________